Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Precession |
PrecessionNoun1. The motion of a spinning body (as a top) in which it wobbles so that the axis of rotation sweeps out a cone. 2. The act of preceding (as in a ceremony). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "precession" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1880. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Geography | Change in the direction of the axis of rotation of a spinning body, as a gyro, when acted upon by a torque. Source: European Union. (references) |
Physics | A change in the direction of the axis of rotation of a spinning body, as a gyro, when acted upon by a torque. Source: European Union. (references) |
Science | The comparatively slow torquing of the orbital planes of all satellites with respect to the Earth's axis, due to the bulge of the Earth at the equator which distorts the Earth's gravitational field. Precession is manifest by the slow rotation of the line of nodes of the orbit (westward for inclinations less than 90 degrees and eastward for inclinations greater than 90 degrees). (references) |
Space | A modern term, derived from the precession of the equinoxes and meaning a motion around a cone of the rotation axis of a spinning body. (references) |
Transportation | The movement of a rotating body upon the application of torque; the effect is a tendency to change the attitude of its axis of rotation. Source: European Union. (references) |
Weather | The tendency of the Earth's axis to wobble in space over a period of 23,000 years. The Earth's precession is one of the factors that results in the planet receiving different amounts of solar energy over extended periods of time. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Precession is the phenomenon by which the axis of a spinning object "wobbles" when a torque is applied to it. The phenomenon is commonly seen in a spinning toy top, but all rotating objects can undergo precession. As a spinning object precesses, the tilt of its axis goes around in a circle in the opposite direction that the object is spinning. If the speed of the rotation and the magnitude of the torque are constant the axis will describe a cone, its movement at any instant being at right angles to the direction of the torque. In the case of a toy top, if the axis is not perfectly vertical the torque is applied by the force of gravity trying to tip it over. A rolling wheel will tend to remain upright due to precession; whenever it tends to tip over to either side, precession swerves its plane and changes its path so that it automatically steers itself. This is how bicycles operate. Precession is also the mechanism behind gyrocompasses.
Precession is due to the fact that the resultant of the angular velocity of rotation and the angular veolcity produced by the torque is an angular velocity about a line which makes an angle with the permanent rotation axis, and this angle lies in a plane at right angles to the plane of the couple producing the torque. The permanent axis must turn towards this line, since the body cannot continue to rotate about any line which is not a principle axis of maximum moment of inertia; that is, the permanent axis turns in a direction at right angles to that in which the torque might be expected to turn it. If the rotating body is symmetrical and its motion unconstrained, and if the torque on the spin axis is at right angles to that axis, the axis of precession will be pependicular to both the spin axis and torque axis. Under these circumstances the period of precession is given by:
The physics of precession
In which Is is the moment of inertia, Ts is the period of spin about the spin axis, and Q is the torque. In general the problem is more complicated than this, however.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Precession."
Synonyms: PrecessionSynonyms: precedence (n), precedency (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Precedence | Antecedency; anteriority; (front); precursor; priority; precession; anteposition; epacme; preference. |
Precession | Noun: precession, leading, heading; precedence; priority; the lead, le pas; van; (front); precursor. |
Priority | Noun: priority, antecedence, anteriority, precedence, pre-existence; precession; precursor; the past; premises. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Precession |
| English words defined with "precession": Annual variation ♦ great year ♦ Hipparchus ♦ Lunisolar precession ♦ Planetary precession, Platonic year, Precession of the equinoxes ♦ Tropic year. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "precession": apparent wander ♦ Besselian star numbers ♦ CLIMATE CHANGE, Cyclotron Frequency ♦ earth's rate correction ♦ global climate change ♦ induced precession ♦ Milankovich theory ♦ nuclear resonance magnetometer ♦ precession in declination, precession in right ascension ♦ real precession, regression of the nodes. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Precession" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Swedish (precession). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Just the endless precession of days, months, years My teacher left me to my darkest lesson, that in the end, we are alone, and there is nothing but the cold, dark wasteland of eternity. (Queen of the Damned; writing credit: Scott Abbott) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Early use of proton precession marine magnetometer Deployment of towed magnetometer on C&GS Ship PIONEER. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Magnetic anomaly map produced on SURVEYOR Magnetic striping is readily apparent in this map of offshore California Earlier magnetic work led directly to Theory of Seafloor Spreading This map helped unravel the tectonic history of the Eastern Pacific Ocean Data acquired by towed proton precession magnetometer. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| "Precession" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Precession" is used about 30 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 30 | 63,341 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "precession": apparent precession ♦ gyroscopic precession ♦ induced precession ♦ Lunisolar precession ♦ planetary precession ♦ precession of the equinoxes ♦ real precession. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "precession"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | precedent (priority), përparësi (antecedence, first refusal, pre eminence, precedence, preference, priority). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | سبق (antecedence, forego, forerun, outdistance, outrun, outstrip, pace, pre empt, precede). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | прецесия, движение напред (headway, progress, progression). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 岁差. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | præcession. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | precessie. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | presessio, prekessio. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | précession. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Präzession, Kreiselbewegung. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | μετάπτωση (change, transision), προπόρευση (advance), εκτροπή (aberrance, aberration, deflection, deviousness, diversion, outrage). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | precesszió, kitérés (deflection, deflexion, digression, diversion, dodge, evasion, excursion, jink, roundabout, yaw), eltérés (aberration, deflection, deflexion, deviation, difference, digression, discrepancy, divergence, divergency, diversion, margin, out of alignment, variance, variation), elhajlás (bash, bend, deflection, deflexion, deviation, dip, excursion, inclination, lean, leaning, toot). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | precessione. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 행 (Preceding). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | gleashaghey er oaie. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ecessionpray precessão. (various references) прецессия. (various references) precesija. (various references) precesión. (various references) precession. (various references) devinme, devinim (motion). (various references) старшинство (precedence, precedency, priority, seniority, superiority), прецесія, першочерговість, передування (antecedence, anteriority, precedence, precedency, priority). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "precession": precessional, precessions. (additional references) | |
| |
"Precession" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: percession, percission, precesion, precussion. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "precession" (pronounced prēse"shun) |
| 5 | -s e" sh u n | accession, concession, intercession, obsession, procession, recession, secession, session, succession. |
| 4 | -e" sh u n | aggression, compression, confession, decompression, depression, digression, discretion, expression, freshen, hessian, impression, indiscretion, misimpression, nonaggression, oppression, possession, profession, progression, regression, repossession, repression, suppression, transgression. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, abduction, aberration, abolition, abomination, abortion, abrogation, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accretion, accumulation, accusation, acidification, acquisition, action, activation, adaptation, addiction, addition, adjudication, administration, admiration, admission, admonition, adoption, adoration, adulation, advection, advocation, affectation, affection, affiliation, affirmation, affliction, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, alliteration, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, alternation, amalgamation, ambition, amelioration, ammunition, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, antiabortion, anticipation, anticorruption, antidiscrimination, apparition, appellation, application, apportion, appreciation, apprehension, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, ascension, ashen, aspiration, assassination, assertion, assimilation, association, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, beautician, benediction, bifurcation, brutalization, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, caption, carburetion, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, caution, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, circulation, circumspection, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, clinician, coagulation, coalition, codification, coercion, cogeneration, cogitation, cognition, cohabitation, collaboration, collection, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, commission, commotion, communication, communization, compassion, compensation, competition, compilation, completion, complexion, complication, composition, comprehension, compulsion, compunction, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conception, conceptualization, conciliation, concoction, concussion, condemnation, condensation, condescension, condition, conduction, confabulation, confection, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, conjunction, connection, conniption, connotation, conscription, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, constitution, constriction, construction, consultation, consummation, consumption, contamination, contemplation, contention, continuation, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conversation, conviction, convocation, convolution, convulsion, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correction, correlation, corroboration, corruption, counterrevolution, creation, cremation, criminalization, crucifixion, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, cushion, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, deception, decertification, decimation, declaration, decommission, decomposition, deconstruction, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, deduction, defamation, defection, definition, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deletion, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demolition, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, demotion, denationalization, denomination, dentition, denuclearization, denunciation, depiction, depletion, depopulation, deportation, deposition, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, dereliction, derivation, desalination, desalinization, description, desecration, desegregation, desertion, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, devolution, devotion, dictation, diction, dietitian, differentiation, diffraction, dilatation, dilation, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, discoloration, disconnection, discontinuation, discrimination, discussion, disembarkation, disinclination, disinfection, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disposition, disputation, disqualification, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissemination, dissension, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, dissolution, distillation, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, dysfunction, echolocation, edification, edition, education, egyptian, ejaculation, ejection, elaboration, elation, election, electrician, electrification, electrocution, elevation, elimination, elocution, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emission, emotion, emulation, emulsion, encryption, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, erection, erudition, eruption, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, eviction, evocation, evolution, exacerbation, exaction, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exception, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exfoliation, exhalation, exhibition, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expansion, expatriation, expectation, expedition, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, exposition, expropriation, expulsion, extension, extermination, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, faction, falsification, fascination, fashion, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, fiction, figuration, filtration, fission, fixation, flexion, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formalization, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fraction, fragmentation, friction, fruition, frustration, fumigation, function, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentian, gentrification, geriatrician, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gumption, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, homogenization, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, hypertension, hypotension, identification, ignition, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impassion, imperfection, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, imposition, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inaction, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inception, incineration, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, induction, industrialization, infarction, infatuation, infection, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, inflection, infliction, information, infraction, inhabitation, inhalation, inhibition, initiation, injection, injunction, innovation, inoculation, inquisition, inscription, insemination, insertion, insinuation, inspection, inspiration, installation, instigation, institution, institutionalization, instruction, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, insurrection, integration, intensification, interaction, interception, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, interruption, intersection, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, introduction, introspection, intuition, inundation, invalidation, invention, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, junction, jurisdiction, justification, juxtaposition, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, lilliputian, limitation, liposuction, liquefaction, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, locomotion, logician, lotion, lubrication, machination, magician, magnetization, magnification, malformation, malfunction, malnutrition, manifestation, manipulation, mansion, marginalization, martian, masturbation, mathematician, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, mention, midsection, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misapprehension, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, misconception, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misperception, misrepresentation, mission, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, mortician, motion, motivation, multiplication, mummification, munition, musician, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonfiction, nonprescription, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, notion, nucleation, nullification, nutrition, obfuscation, objection, obligation, observation, obstetrician, obstruction, occupation, ocean, omission, operation, opposition, optician, optimization, option, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overconsumption, overexpansion, overpopulation, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, overregulation, oversimplification, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, partition, passion, pasteurization, patrician, pediatrician, penetration, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, perforation, permission, permutation, perpetuation, persecution, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, petition, physician, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politician, politicization, pollination, pollution, pontification, popularization, population, portion, position, potion, precaution, precipitation, preconception, precondition, predestination, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, prefabrication, preignition, premeditation, premonition, preoccupation, preparation, prescription, presentation, preservation, pressurization, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, production, profanation, prognostication, prohibition, projection, proliferation, promotion, pronunciation, propagation, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proration, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, prostration, protection, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, ration, rationalization, reaction, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reassertion, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, reception, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recognition, recollection, recommendation, reconciliation, recondition, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, reconstruction, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reflection, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reimposition, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinspection, reintegration, reinterpretation, reintroduction, reinvention, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejection, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remission, remuneration, renationalization, rendition, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, repercussion, repetition, replication, reposition, representation, reproduction, repudiation, reputation, requisition, reregulation, reservation, resignation, resolution, respiration, restitution, restoration, restriction, resumption, resurrection, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanction, sanitation, saponification, satisfaction, saturation, secretion, section, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, sedition, seduction, segmentation, segregation, selection, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, solution, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, statistician, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, submission, subordination, subscription, subsection, subsidization, substantiation, substation, substitution, subtraction, suburbanization, suction, suffocation, summation, superstation, superstition, supposition, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, syndication, tabulation, tactician, taxation, technician, telecommunication, temptation, tension, termination, theoretician, titian, titillation, toleration, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transformation, transillumination, transition, translation, transmission, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, tuition, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, venetian, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, volition, vulgarization, westernization, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: necropsies. | |
| Words within the letters "c-e-e-i-n-o-p-r-s-s" | |
-1 letter: conspires, incorpses, isoprenes, princesse, recession. | |
-2 letters: conspire, crispens, erepsins, incorpse, isoprene, necroses, necrosis, pioneers, precises, princess, recopies, response, ripeness, ropiness, senecios, spencers. | |
-3 letters: censers, censors, cerises, cession, coiners, copiers, corpses, cosines, crepons, crispen, cronies, encores, eosines, erepsin, incross, necrose, openers, orceins, orpines, oscines, penises, peonies, pereion, persons, piecers, pierces, pincers, pioneer, poesies, poisers. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-e-e-i-n-o-p-r-s-s" | |
+1 letter: precessions, sniperscope. | |
+2 letters: copresidents, counterspies, narcolepsies, necropolises, persecutions, precessional, preciousness, prerecession, processioned, repercussion, reprocessing, sniperscopes. | |
+3 letters: corresponsive, counterpoises, decompressing, decompression, frontispieces, inspectorates, omnipresences, postrecession, preprocessing, preselections, receptionists, reinspections, repercussions, retinoscopies, scenographies, schizophrenes, stereopticons. | |
+4 letters: asthenospheric, comprehensions, countersnipers, decompressions, incompressible, misperceptions, overprocessing, perfectionisms, perfectionists, perniciousness, precariousness, precentorships, preciousnesses, precociousness, preconsciouses, productiveness, prolificnesses, protectiveness, redescriptions, retrospections, scleroproteins, semiporcelains, teleprocessing. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)50 72 65 63 65 73 73 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).--. .-. . -.-. . ... ... .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010000 01110010 01100101 01100011 01100101 01110011 01110011 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)P r e c e s s i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0050 0072 0065 0063 0065 0073 0073 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)50847169718585758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Usage Frequency 8. Expressions | 9. Expressions: Internet 10. Translations: Modern 11. Derivations 12. Rhymes | 13. Anagrams 14. Orthography 15. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
