Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Postscript |
PostscriptNoun1. A note appended to a letter after the signature. 2. Textual matter that is added onto a publication; usually at the end. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "postscript" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1600. (references) |
Etymology: Postscript \Post"script\, noun. [Latin expression postscriptus, (assumed) present participle of postscribere to write after; post after scribere to write: compare to the French expression postscriptum. See Post-, and Scribe.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | PostScript n. A Page Description Language (PDL), based on work originally done by John Gaffney at Evans and Sutherland in 1976, evolving through `JaM' (`John and Martin', Martin Newell) at XEROX PARC, and finally implemented in its current form by John Warnock et al. after he and Chuck Geschke founded Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1982. PostScript gets its leverage by using a full programming language, rather than a series of low-level escape sequences, to describe an image to be printed on a laser printer or other output device (in this it parallels EMACS, which exploited a similar insight about editing tasks). It is also noteworthy for implementing on-the fly rasterization, from Bezier curve descriptions, of high-quality fonts at low (e.g. 300 dpi) resolution (it was formerly believed that hand-tuned bitmap fonts were required for this task). Hackers consider PostScript to be among the most elegant hacks of all time, and the combination of technical merits and widespread availability has made PostScript the language of choice for graphical output. Source: Jargon File. |
19th Century Satire | The only thing readable in a woman's letter. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In the mouths of everyone else, a postscript (from post scriptum, a Latin expression meaning "after writing" and abbreviated P.S.) is a sentence, paragraph, or occasionally many paragraphs added, often hastily and incidentally, after the signature of a letter or (sometimes) the main body of an essay or book. In a book or essay, a more carefully-composed addition is called an afterword, e.g., for a second edition, an afterword, not usually called a postscript, is written in response to critical remarks on the first edition. The word has, poetically, been used to refer to any sort of addendum to some main work, even if not attached to a main work, as in Soren Kierkegaard's book titled Concluding Unscientific Postscript.
In the age of e-mail, postscripts have become unnecessary: if one has something to add to a letter, one simply edits the e-mail before sending, while if one has something to add after a letter has been sent, an entirely new e-mail must be created.
Perhaps the most common postscript found in love letters is "P.S. I love you!" This title was given to at least two popular songs, one by Rosemary Clooney and one by The Beatles.
P.P.S. is a "Post-postscript" and allows the letter writer to add even more thoughts after the first postscript. To continue, a third postscript would be a P.P.P.S. and a fifth would be the P.P.P.P.P.S.
Cf. other publishing terms: afterword; appendix; addendum.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Postscript."
Synonyms: PostscriptSynonyms: addendum (n), supplement (n). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: recommendatory (publishing & graphic arts). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Sequel | Noun: sequel, suffix, successor; tail, queue, train, wake, trail, rear; retinue, suite; appendix, postscript; epilogue; peroration; codicil; continuation, sequela; appendage; tail piece, heelpiece; tag, more last words; colophon. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Postscript |
| English words defined with "postscript": Post-, Postscribe, Postscripted. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "postscript": Adobe Systems, Inc., Adobe Type Manager, Advanced Function Presentation ♦ BiCapitalisation, BiCapitalization, bitmap font ♦ Design System language, Display PostScript, DPS ♦ Encapsulated PostScript, EPS ♦ filename extension ♦ ghostscript, ghostview, Group 3, Group 4 ♦ hp2ps ♦ Interpress ♦ Marvedie ♦ Network extensible Window System ♦ outline font ♦ Page Description Language, Pictorial Janus, PLisp, Print Services Facility, Printer Access Protocol ♦ splot ♦ Telescript, TrueType. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "postscript": Postscribe, Postscripted. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Movie/TV Titles | Jack and Jill: A Postscript (1970) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| "Postscript" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 91.80% of the time. "Postscript" is used about 183 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 91.8% | 168 | 24,050 |
| Noun (proper) | 4.37% | 8 | 124,375 |
| Noun (common) | 3.83% | 7 | 133,076 |
| Total | 100.00% | 183 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "postscript": display PostScript ♦ encapsulated PostScript. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "postscript": postscript-based, postscript-compatible, postscript-like. | |
Ending with "postscript": non-postscript, post-postscript. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "postscript"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | poshtëshënim (note, ps, tailpiece), passhkrim. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | ملاحظة في ذيل الرسالة, حاشية (annotation, attendance, bodyguard, border, cortege, edge, edging, entourage, footnote, margin, note, rim, selvage, suite, surround). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | постскриптум, послепис. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 附言, 附筆 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | postskriptum, dovìtek, douška. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | randbemærkning (addition, apostil, foot-note, marginal note, recommendatory note, side-note), marginalnote (apostil, foot-note, marginal note, recommendatory note), marginal (apostil, foot-note, marginal, marginal note, recommendatory note). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | schriftelijke aantekening op een brief of kanttekening op de marges van een boek (apostil, foot-note, marginal note, recommendatory note). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | jälkikirjoitus. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | post-scriptum, apostille. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Nachschrift (apostil, foot-note, marginal note, recommendatory note). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | υστερόγραφο (postcript). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | ל"וסיף לכתוב, "ער" וספת, סימ ית (cue, diacritical sign, marker, receipt, trade mark). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | utószó (afterword, epilog, epilogue, tag), utóirat (p.s.). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | postilla (marginal note, note, postil), poscritto. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 追伸 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ついろく (addendum), はしがき (foreword, introduction, preface), あとづけ (appendix), あとがき (afterword), "うき (aroused energy, ascendency, bad breath, brightness, broad gauge, chance, conceited, discipline, easygoing, final, fragrance, good opportunity, high class, high-spirited action, ideal time, Imperial era, inquisitiveness, intimation, latter period, law and order, optimistic, public institution, Red Flag, rise, scale, school discipline, school flag, school regulations, splendour), にし" (binary, double-dealing, duplicity, herring, PS, treachery), つけたし (addition, appendix, supplement), て"しょ (accompanying note or letter, characters used on seals), ついはく (P.S.), おくがき (publication, verification), ついし", ふ'" (additional remarks, calumny, false charge, groundless rumor, Samantabhadra, saying in addition, silence, slander, Universal Compassion), そえがき (accompanying note), しき" (editors note, preface), ポストスクリプト , おってがき, ついき (castle construction, fortification, P.S.). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 포스트스크립트. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | fo-screeuyn (footnote, subscription). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | ostscriptpay pós-escrito, apostilha (apostil, foot-note, marginal note, recommendatory note). (various references) post-scriptum. (various references) постскриптум. (various references) ps., postscriptum, dodatak pismu. (various references) posdata (p.s.). (various references) efterskrift (appendix). (various references) not (aide-memoire, annotation, chit, Mark, memo, memorandum, note, notes, p.s.), ek yazı, ek (addendum, addition, additional, adjunct, annex, appendage, appendix, appurtenance, by-, bye-, extension, extra, formative, further, insertion, inset, schedule, super-, supplement, supplemental, supplementary, supplementation), dipnot (annotation, footnote, gloss). (various references) постскриптум (p.s.). (various references) o+l-ysgrif. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "postscript": postscripts. (additional references) | |
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"Postscript" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Postcript, postocciput, postscipt, Postscriptum, postsript. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "postscript" (pronounced pō"skri'pt or pō"stskri'pt) |
| 6 | -s k r i' p t | conscript, manuscript, transcript. |
| 6 | -s k r i' p t | conscript, manuscript, transcript. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-i-o-p-p-r-s-s-t-t" | |
-2 letters: protists, ripstops. | |
-3 letters: protist, riposts, ripstop, scripts, tiptops, tricots, tropics. | |
-4 letters: crisps, optics, picots, piscos, posits, prosit, ptosis, ptotic, ripost, scrips, script, spirts, sports, sprits, stirps, stoics, strict, strips, stript, strops, tiptop, topics, tricot, tripos, tropic, tsoris. | |
-5 letters: cists, coirs, corps, costs, crisp, crops, cross, optic, picot, pisco, pisos, ports, posit, posts, priss, props. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-i-o-p-p-r-s-s-t-t" | |
+1 letter: postscripts. | |
+3 letters: spectatorship. | |
+4 letters: protectorships, spectatorships, spectroscopist. | |
+5 letters: postproductions, psychotherapist, spectroscopists. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)50 6F 73 74 73 63 72 69 70 74 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).--. --- ... - ... -.-. .-. .. .--. - |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010000 01101111 01110011 01110100 01110011 01100011 01110010 01101001 01110000 01110100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)P o s t s c r i p t |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0050 006F 0073 0074 0073 0063 0072 0069 0070 0074 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)50818586856984758286 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Usage Frequency 7. Expressions 8. Expressions: Internet | 9. Translations: Modern 10. Derivations 11. Rhymes 12. Anagrams | 13. Orthography 14. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
