Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Planetarium

Definitions: Planetarium

Planetarium

Noun

1. A building housing an instrument for projecting the positions of the planets onto a domed ceiling.

2. An optical device for projecting images of celestial bodies and other astronomical phenomena onto the inner surface of a hemispherical dome.

3. An apparatus or model for representing the solar systems.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 


Synonyms within Context: Planetarium

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

World

Astronomy; uranography, uranology; cosmology, cosmography, cosmogony; eidouranion, orrery; geodesy. (measurement); star gazing, star gazer; astronomer; observatory; planetarium.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Specialty Definition: Planetarium

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A planetarium is a theatre built for presenting shows about astronomy and the night sky.

Planetariums typically use a large dome shape for the projection screen, with inclined chairs for comfortable viewing "straight up". A large projector in the center of the dome creates the scene, using a number of movable projectors projecting the images of stars or planets onto the screen. The various projectors are geared to provide an accurate relative motion of the sky, and the entire system can be set to display the sky at any point in time.

Archimedes is attributed with posessing a primitive planetarium device that could predict the movements of the sun, the moon and the planets. The finding of the Antikythera mechanism proved that such devices existed already during antiquity.

The first modern planetarium projectors were designed and built by Carl Zeiss in 1924, and have grown more complex. Smaller projectors include a set of fixed stars, Sun, Moon, and planets, and various nebulae. Larger machines also include comets and a far greater selection of stars. Additional projectors can be added to show twilight around the outside of the screen (complete with city or country scenes) as well as the Milky Way. Still others add coordinate lines and constellations, photographic slides, laser displays, and other images.

The lasers are often used for non-astronomical "laser shows", frequently to musical accompaniment.

Today many planetariums are moving to a fully digital projection system, in which a single large projection camera is used to create any scene provided to it from a computer. This gives the operator tremendous flexibility in showing not only the night sky, but any other image they wish.

The term "planetarium" can also be used to describe the projector itself, or other devices to illustrate the solar system, like a computer simulation or an orrery.

A planetarium is unlike most theatres in that the best seats are at the rear, instead of the front.

Notable Planetaria

Some Planetarium Software

See also

Orrery

Extern link

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Planetarium."

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Crosswords: Planetarium

English words defined with "planetarium": orrery. (references)
Specialty definitions using "planetarium": astro-technicianPLANETARIUM TECHNICIANtechnical specialist. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Planetarium" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Albanian (orrery), German (planetarium), Swedish (planetarium).

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Commercial Usage: Planetarium

DomainTitle

Books

  • Planetarium [DOWNLOAD: ADOBE READER] (reference)

  • Planetarium 57 - Meme Tequel Urbasin: Poesis (Coleccion Hispania/Poetica) (reference)

  • Planetarium Mystery (reference)

  • Scientific American Planetarium C/Win/Us (reference)

  • Space: The Official Planetarium Book (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Music

  

High Tech

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Planetarium

Photos:
Planetarium

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Planetarium

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Planetarium

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Hayden Planetarium, New York City. Corner detail. Credit: Library of Congress.

Jarrett White, architect. Copy of drawing of Maury Planetarium. Credit: Library of Congress.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Usage Frequency: Planetarium

"Planetarium" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 80.00% of the time. "Planetarium" is used about 20 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)80%1687,710
Noun (proper)20%4175,879
                    Total100.00%20N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expression: Planetarium

Hypenated Usage

Ending with "planetarium": pseudo-planetarium.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Planetarium

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

planetarium

451

louis planetarium st

11

adler planetarium

246

home planetarium

11

hayden planetarium

121

nyc planetarium

10

clark planetarium

79

planetarium utah

10

baton planetarium rouge

67

bishop planetarium

10

chicago planetarium

57

london planetarium

10

new planetarium york

39

city new planetarium york

9

hansen planetarium

35

planetarium rose

9

morehead planetarium

30

christa mcauliffe planetarium

9

planetarium vancouver

30

houston planetarium

9

planetarium vanderbilt

23

planetarium rochester

9

miami planetarium

22

clarke planetarium

9

gate planetarium

20

planetarium software

9

adler chicago planetarium

20

planetarium toronto

8

montreal planetarium

17

pennington planetarium

8

alder planetarium

16

abrams planetarium

8

francisco planetarium san

15

morrison planetarium

8

ny planetarium

14

baker burke planetarium

7

denver planetarium

13

adler planetarium astronomy museum

7

city lake planetarium salt

11

fiske planetarium

7

buehler planetarium

7
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Planetarium

Language Translations for "planetarium"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

planetar (planetary). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏نموذج يمثل النظام الشمسي. (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

планетарий (orrery). (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

天文馆. (various references)

   

Czech

  

planetárium. (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

سیاره نما, ستاره دیدگاه , افلاک نما. (various references)

   

French

  

planétarium. (various references)

   

German

  

planetarium. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

πλανητάριο, πλανητοσκόπιο (orrery). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

מצפ" כוכבים (observatory). (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

planetárium (orrery, planetaria). (various references)

   

Italian

  

planetario (orrery, planetary, worldwide). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

プラトンの問題 (plan, plastic bottle, plastic model, Plato's problem, plum, Prague), 星座投影機 , 天象儀 . (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

プラネタリウ , せいざとうえいき, て"しょうぎ. (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

anetariumplay

   

Portuguese

  

casula (chasuble). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

planetariu (orrery). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

планетарий (orrery, planetaria). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

planetarijum (orrery). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

planetario (orrery, planetary). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

planetarium. (various references)

   

Turkish

  

planetaryum, gökevi. (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

планетарій (orrery). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Planetarium

Derivations

Words beginning with "planetarium": planetariums. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Planetarium" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: planeterium, planteria, plantetarium. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Planetarium"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "planetarium" (pronounced pla'nute"rēum)
5-e" r ē u maquarium, barium, Herbarium, honorarium.
4-r ē u matrium, auditorium, bacterium, crematorium, delirium, deuterium, disequilibrium, emporium, equilibrium, moratorium, opprobrium, tellurium, thorium, yttrium.
3-ē u malluvium, ammonium, axiom, beryllium, cadmium, calcium, cesium, chromium, colloquium, compendium, condominium, consortium, europium, fermium, gallium, geranium, gonium, gymnasium, hafnium, harmonium, helium, holmium, idiom, indium, iridium, lawrencium, linoleum, lithium, magnesium, medium, millennium, minium, myocardium, nephridium, neptunium, niobium, nobelium, opium, osmium, palladium, pandemonium, paramecium, petroleum, Plasmodium, plutonium, podium, polonium, potassium, premium, presidium, promethium, protium, psyllium, radium, requiem, rhodium, selenium, sodium, stadium, strontium, superpremium, symposium, tedium, thallium, titanium, tritium, uranium, vanadium, zirconium.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Planetarium

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-a-e-i-l-m-n-p-r-t-u"

-1 letter: manipulate, parliament.

-2 letters: aluminate, implanter, manipular, penultima, perinatal, reimplant, tarpaulin, tularemia.

-3 letters: airplane, animater, antimale, antirape, apterium, auntlier, interlap, laminate, malapert, manurial, marinate, material, maternal, palatine, parament, parental, parietal, parlante, paternal, pearmain, platinum, plumeria, prenatal, primatal, putamina, retinula, ruminate, tenurial, terminal, tramline, trapline, triplane, tumpline.

-4 letters: ailment, aliment, alumina, alumine, alumnae, alunite, amateur, amentia.

 Words containing the letters "a-a-e-i-l-m-n-p-r-t-u"
 

+1 letter: planetariums.

 

+2 letters: perambulating, perambulation, permutational.

 

+3 letters: perambulations.

 

+4 letters: supernaturalism, unparliamentary.

 

+5 letters: microencapsulate, supernaturalisms.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Planetarium


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

50 6C 61 6E 65 74 61 72 69 75 6D

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

.--.    .-..    .-    -.    .    -    .-    .-.    ..    ..-    --

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01010000 01101100 01100001 01101110 01100101 01110100 01100001 01110010 01101001 01110101 01101101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#80 &#108 &#97 &#110 &#101 &#116 &#97 &#114 &#105 &#117 &#109

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0050 006C 0061 006E 0065 0074 0061 0072 0069 0075 006D

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

5078678071866784758779

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Crosswords
3. Usage: Commercial
4. Images: Slideshow
5. Images: Photo Album
6. Usage Frequency
7. Expressions
8. Expressions: Internet
9. Translations: Modern
10. Derivations
11. Rhymes
12. Anagrams
13. Orthography
14. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

 

 

 

 

Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions:
woordeboek, fjalor, ‏معجم, ‏قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary;
definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, ‏الألبانية, ‏الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian;
Arabies, arabishte, ‏العربية, ‏عربي, ‏اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic;
Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, ‏البلغارية, ‏بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian;
Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, ‏الصينية, ‏لغة الصين, ‏صيني, ‏الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese;
Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, ‏تشيكي, ‏اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, ‏التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech;
Farsi, Parsi, persiskt, Fasi, for Farsi;
Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, ‏فرنسي, ‏اللغة الفرنسية, ‏الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French;
Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ‏ضرب من الرقص, ‏جرماني, ‏المانية, ‏الماني, ‏اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German;
Grieks, Griek, ‏الإغريقي, ‏يوناني, ‏اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek;
Jood, Hebreeus, Israeliet, hebraishte, ‏يهودي, ‏عبري, ‏اليهودية, ‏اللغة العبرية, ‏العبرية, Hebréu, иврит, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, староеврейски език, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejka, hebrejec, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, hebraiskt, juutalainen, hébreu, Hebrieusk, hebräisch, hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברית, עברי, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebraico, ebreo, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ew, Ewnish, hudiu, hebraico, hebreu, ebrèu, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврейский, еврей, древнееврейский, древнееврейский язык, Eperu, hibru, hebreo, dyu, Myahudi, Yahudi, hebreiska, hebreisk, jude, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, іврит, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ, Hebraeg, Hebreaidd, for Hebrew;
Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, ‏الهنغاري, ‏مجري, ‏هنغاري, ‏المجري, ‏اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian;
Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, ‏شخص إيطالي, ‏اللغة الإيطالية, ‏الإيطالي, ‏إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian;
Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, ‏اللغة البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese;
Roemeen, rumun, Rumanu, румънски език, румънски, румънец, Romanyan, 罗马尼亚语, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, rumenskt, romanialainen, roumain, Roemeensk, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, romanés, român, румын, румынский, rumunski, rumunski jezik, rumano, rumänsk, румунська мова, румун, румунський, румунка, for Romanian;
Russies, Rus, ‏الروسية, ‏روسي, ‏اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian;
塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian;
Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, ‏اللغة الأسبانية, ‏الأسبانية, ‏أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish;
Sweeds, suedez, ‏اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish;
Turks, turk, ‏تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, ‏اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土耳其, 土耳其語 , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ, for Turkish;
乌克兰, for Ukranian;