Perturbed

Definition: Perturbed

Perturbed

Adjective

1. Thrown into a state of agitated confusion; (`rattled' is an informal term).

Date "perturbed" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references)

Synonyms: Perturbed

Synonyms: flustered (adj), hot and bothered(p) (adj), rattled (adj). (additional references)

Crosswords: Perturbed

English words defined with "perturbed": cark ♦ discomposure, disorder, disquiet, distract ♦ imperturbable, Imperturbed ♦ perturb, Perturbable, Perturbate ♦ trouble ♦ unflappable, unhinge. (references)

Specialty definitions using "perturbed": OP'd, osculating orbit ♦ procedural bump map. (references)

Domain	Usage
Movie/TV Titles	A Perturbed Girl (1981)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Title
Books	Asymptotic Methods in Singularly Perturbed Systems (Monographs in Contemporary Mathematics) (reference) Asymptotic Theory of Elliptic Boundary Value Problems in Singularly Perturbed Domains (Operator Theory, Advances and Applications, V. 111-112.) (reference) Dynamical Chaos of Solitons: An Introduction to Perturbed Soliton Systems (reference) Joy in Mudville; being a complete account of the unparalleled history of the New York Mets from their most perturbed beginnings to their amazing rise to glory and renown (reference) Numerical Methods for Singularly Perturbed Differential Equations: Convection-Diffusion and Flow Problems (Springer Series in Computational mathemati (reference) (more book examples)

Theater & Movies	Perturbed Girl (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Title	Author	Quote
Les Miserables	Hugo, Victor	His reason, more mature, and, at the same time, perturbed more than formerly, would revolt.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Agrin knockout mice died before birth or were stillborn because of defective NMJs. Interestingly, inactivating the agrin gene not only affected muscle, but also the perturbed axons. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

"Perturbed" is generally used as a lexical verb (past participle) -- approximately 70.97% of the time. "Perturbed" is used about 93 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Lexical Verb (past participle)	70.97%	66	41,290
Lexical Verb (past tense)	16.13%	15	90,616
Adjective (general or positive)	11.83%	11	106,044
Noun (proper)	1.08%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	93	N/A

Hypenated Usage
	Ending with "perturbed": non-perturbed.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Language		Translations for "perturbed"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Arabic		‏مرتبك (agitated, baffled, bemused, bewildered, confounded, confused, discomfited, disconcerted, disquieted, disturbed, embarrassed, lummox, perplexed, puzzled, uneasy, upset), ‏قلق (agitated, anxiety, anxious, apprehension, apprehensive, apprehensiveness, bother, concern, concerned, crankous, cranky, discomfort, disquiet, disquietude, disturbance, fearful, fidget, fidgety, freakish, fretful, ill at ease, inquietude, nervous, perturbation, restless, restlessness, solicitous, solicitude, stew, streaked, suspense, sweat, toss, troubled, troublous, uneasiness, uneasy, unquiet, unrest, upset, worried, worry). (various references)

Bulgarian		смутен (abashed, confused, constrained, disconcerted, distraught, embarrassed, muddle-headed, muzzy, perplexed, raddle, self conscious, sheepish, uneasy, unrestful), разтревожен (all shook-up, shook-up, streaky, unglued, upset, worried), развълнуван (aflutter, agitated, astir, choppy, overwrought, streaked, thrilled, touched, turbulent, upset), разбъркан (deranged, farraginous, higgledy-piggledy, hugger mugger, jumbled, mixing up, out of order, pell mell, promiscuous, tumultuary, turbid, untidy), в безпорядък. (various references)

Chinese		心绪不宁 (Perturb, perturbing). (various references)

French		troublai, troublés, troublé, troublâmes, troubla. (various references)

German		gestörte, beunruhigte (disquieted, disturbed, fazed, flurried, harassed, unsettled). (various references)

Greek		ανταριασμένος. (various references)

Hebrew		נבוך (bemused, bewildered, confused, embarrassed, foxed, hot under the collar, ill at ease, in a stew, perplexed, self conscious, sheepish). (various references)

Indonesian		bingung (confused, disoriented, distrait, mixed up, panicky, perplexed, puzzled, rattled, wool-gathering). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		動ずる (to be agitated, to be perturbed), 動じる (to be agitated, to be perturbed). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		どうずる (to agree, to be agitated, to be perturbed), どうじる (to agree, to be agitated, to be perturbed). (various references)

Pig Latin		erturbedpay

Serbo-Croatian		uznemiren (disconcerted, disquieted, disturbed, queasy, troubled, uneasy, unsettled, upset, vexed). (various references)

Swedish		förvirrad (baffled, bemused, besotted, confused, dazed, disconcerted, distracted, dizzy, mixed up, muddle-headed, perplexed, upset, woolly minded, woozy). (various references)

Turkish		tedirgin (agitated, bothersome, doubtful, in a lather, irritated, obsessed, solicitous, uneasy), kaygılı (anxious, apprehensive, concerned, disconcerting, fearful, worried), endişeli (anxious, apprehensive, concerned, distressed, doubting, fearful, ill at ease, obsessed, on edge, on the downbeat, overcast, preoccupied, solicitous, suspenseful, uneasy, weighty, windy, worried). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Derivations
	Words ending with "perturbed": unperturbed. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Perturbed" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: pertubed, perturbe, peturbed, preturbed, purturbed. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "perturbed" (pronounced perter"bd)
6	p er t er" b d	unperturbed.
4	-t er" b d	disturbed, undisturbed.
3	-er" b d	curbed, reverbed.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "b-d-e-e-p-r-r-t-u"
	-1 letter: purebred, truebred.
	-2 letters: erupted, perdure, perturb, reputed.
	-3 letters: bruted, burped, burred, depute, perdue, perter, pureed, purred, rebred, repute, ureter.
	-4 letters: beret, brede, breed, brute, buret, debut, deter, drupe, duper, erred, erupt, etude, perdu, peter, preed, prude, puree, purer, rebut, redub, ruder, rupee, treed, trued, truer, tubed, tuber.
	-5 letters: bedu, beep, beer, beet, bred, bree, brut.
	Words containing the letters "b-d-e-e-p-r-r-t-u"
	+2 letters: unperturbed.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.