Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Perturbation |
PerturbationNoun1. An unhappy and worried mental state; "there was too much anger and disturbance"; "she didn't realize the upset she caused me". 2. Activity that is an intrusion or interruption; "he looked around for the source of the disturbance"; "there was a disturbance of neural function". 3. A disposition that is confused or nervous and upset. 4. The act of causing disorder. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "perturbation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references) |
Etymology: Perturbation \Per`tur*ba"tion\, noun. [Latin expression perturbatio: compare to the French expression perturbation.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Aerospace | 1. Any departure introduced into an assumed steady state of a system, or a small departure from a nominal path such as a desired trajectory. Usually used as equivalent to small perturbation.2. Specifically, a disturbance in the regular motion of a celestial body, the result of a force additional to that which causes the regular motion, specifically, a gravitational force. (references) |
Physics | The wobbling of a space object off course in orbit, caused by gravitational and other effects(including a spacecraft's own manoeuvres, such as dumping excess water)and leading to small departures from a smooth orbit which has the shape of a conic section. Source: European Union. (references) |
Public Administration | Disclosure avoidance method for confidential data:data and output perturbation. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: PerturbationSynonyms: disruption (n), disturbance (n), fluster (n), upset (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Agitation | Turbulence, perturbation; commotion, turmoil, disquiet; tumult, tumultuation; hubbub, rout, bustle, fuss, racket, subsultus, staggers, megrims, epilepsy, fits; carphology, chorea, floccillation, the jerks, St. Vitus's dance, tilmus. |
Arrangement | Noun: derangement; Verb: disorder; evection, discomposure, disturbance; disorganization, deorganization; dislocation; perturbation, interruption; shuffling; Verb: inversion; corrugation; (fold); involvement. |
Care | Phrase: quis custodiet istos custodes?; "care will kill a cat"; ni bebas agua que no veas; "O polished perturbation! Golden care!"; "the incessant care and labor of his mind". |
Excitability | Trepidation, perturbation, ruffle, hurry, fuss, flurry; fluster, flutter; pother, stew, ferment; whirl; buck fever; hurry-skurry, thrill; (feeling); state of excitement, fever of excitement; transport. |
Excitation | Noun: excitation of feeling; mental excitement; suscitation, galvanism, stimulation, piquance, piquancy, provocation, inspiration, calling forth, infection; animation, agitation, perturbation; subjugation, fascination, intoxication; enravishment; entrancement; pressure, tension, high pressure. |
Fear | Nervousness, restlessness; Adjective: inquietude, disquietude, worry, concern; batophobia; heartquake; flutter, trepidation, fear and trembling, perturbation, tremor, quivering, shaking, trembling, throbbing heart, palpitation, ague fit, cold sweat; abject fear; (cowardice); mortal funk, heartsinking, despondency; despair. |
Feeling | Blush, suffusion, flush; hectic; tingling, thrill, turn, shock; agitation; (irregular motion); quiver, heaving, flutter, flurry, fluster, twitter, tremor; throb, throbbing; pulsation, palpitation, panting; trepidation, perturbation; ruffle, hurry of spirits, pother, stew, ferment; state of excitement. |
Physical Energy | Activity, agitation, effervescence; ferment, fermentation; ebullition, splutter, perturbation, stir, bustle; voluntary energy; quicksilver. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Perturbation |
| English words defined with "perturbation": Distemperature ♦ Perturbance, Perturbational, Perturbative, Perturber. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "perturbation": Electrostatic Wave, or Plasma ElectrostaticWave, electrostatic waves, Energy Principle, Ensemble Hydrologic Forecasting ♦ Flute Instability ♦ general perturbations ♦ Kink Mode ♦ Langmuir waves, lunar inequality ♦ method of small perturbation ♦ perturbation method, perturbation quantity, plasma oscillations ♦ range insensitive axis ♦ small perturbation, spontaneous emission, stellar perturbation, SUDDEN IMPULSE. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "perturbation": Disconcertion ♦ Perturbance. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Perturbation" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. French (disruption, distemper, disturbance, interference, perturbation, upheaval), Swedish (perturbation). |
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| "Perturbation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Perturbation" is used about 48 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 48 | 49,194 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "perturbation": stellar perturbation. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
perturbation | 8 |
perturbation theory | 4 |
canonical perturbation theory | 2 |
perturbation sncf | 2 |
cycle limit perturbation singular | 2 |
isère perturbation routières | 2 |
perturbation singular | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "perturbation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | turbullim (abashment, dimness, discomposure, disturbance, embarrassment, haziness, muddiness, obscuration, opacity), trazim (agitation, commotion, disquiet, disquietude, distemper, disturbance, dust, elaboration, fidget, flurry, fluster, flutter, immixture, kneading, melange, mixing, mixture, poke, turbidity, turbulence), shqetësim (affliction, agitation, anxiety, bother, care, concern, discomfort, discomposure, displeasure, disquiet, disquietude, distemper, distress, disturbance, fash, fear, feeling, fidget, flurry, fret, Fry, harassment, inconvenience, inquietude, moil, plague, preoccupation, qualm, restlessness, solicitude, trepidation, trouble, tumult, turmoil, uneasiness, unrest, vexation, worry). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | â€Ù‚لق (agitated, anxiety, anxious, apprehension, apprehensive, apprehensiveness, bother, concern, concerned, crankous, cranky, discomfort, disquiet, disquietude, disturbance, fearful, fidget, fidgety, freakish, fretful, ill at ease, inquietude, nervous, perturbed, restless, restlessness, solicitous, solicitude, stew, streaked, suspense, sweat, toss, troubled, troublous, uneasiness, uneasy, unquiet, unrest, upset, worried, worry), â€ØªØ´ÙˆÙŠØ´ (derangement, disarrangement, disarray, dislocation, disruption, disturbance, garble), â€ØªØ´ÙˆØ´ (addle, become confused, confusion, fog, fogginess, incoherence, mix up, morass, muddling, perplexity, pother, promiscuity, ramp, ravel, tangle), â€Ø¥Ù‚لاق (troubling), â€Ø¥Ø¶Ø·Ø±Ø§Ø¨ (coil, disorder, distraction, disturbance, dust, flurry, flutter, ill, nervousness, ramp, rout, ruction, ruffle, topsy turvy, topsy-turvydom, trouble, tumult, turbulence, turmoil, uneasiness, unrest, uproar), â€Ø¥Ø¶Ø±Ø§Ø¨Ø§Øª. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | Ñуматоха (bustle, commotion, flurry, helter-skelter, hurry, mix up, pother, rumpus, stirabout), Ñмущение (abashment, alarm, bewilderment, confusion, discomposure, disorder, disturbance, embarrassment, intimidation, muddle, perplexity, ruffle, uneasiness, upset), Ñмущаване (intrusion, violation), Ñмут (alarms and excursions, disturbance, pother, turmoil, unrest), размирица (convulsion, riot, trouble, tumult, turmoil, unrest), тревога (agitation, alarm, alert, anxiety, dismay, disquiet, disturbance, flurry, fluster, inquietude, trepidation, trouble, uneasiness, unrest, worriment, worry), вълнение (agitation, commotion, dither, emotion, excitement, ferment, flurry, gurgitation, heartbeat, lather, nervousness, pother, pulse, roughness, snit, stir, surge, tear, throb, to-do, trouble, tumult, turmoil, unrest, upset), пертурбациÑ. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 扰动. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | znepokojovánà (harassment), zmatek (anarchy, bewilderment, chaos, circus, clutter, confusion, disarray, disorder, disturbance, embroilment, fluster, hash, hodge-podge, jumble, maze, mess up, mix up, moil, muddle, Mull, nonplus, non-plus, pandemonium, perplexity, puzzlement, shambles, stew, tangle, tempest, tumble, tumult, turbulence, turmoil, turnup, upset, welter). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | perturbation, forvirring (amentia, confusion), forstyrrelse (disorder, disordering, disturbance, failure, incident, interference, jam, jamming, operating trouble, to disturb, trouble), afgivelse, afbrydelse (interruption). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | perturbatie, storing (disquiet, disturbance, hindrance, interference, trouble, unrest), stoornis (hindrance, trouble). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | häiriö (atmospherics, disorder, disturbance, inconvenience, interference). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | perturbation. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | beunruhigung (agitation, alarm, concern, disconcerting, disquiet, disturbance, harassment), Störung (derangement, disorder, disruption, disturbance, fault, hitch, hold up, interference, interruption, intrusion, jamming, malfunction, trouble, upset, violation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | διατάÏαξη (disturbance). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | תזזית (squall). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | zavarkeltés, izgatottság (chafing, commotion, discomposure, excitement, flurry, flutter, fret, jumpiness, ruffle, throes). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | kegelisahan (concern, discomfort, disquiet, nerve, nervousness, unrest, worry). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | perturbazione (disturbance). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | æ‘‚å‹• . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ã›ã¤ã©ã† (snow cave). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | ì„ë™. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | boirey (aggrieve, annoy, bother, care, confuse, confusion, disconcert, disrupt, disruption, distract, distraction, disturb, embarrass, embarrassment, heartache, madden, molestation, niggle, nuisance, perplex, perturb, pester, preoccupy, put upon, row, strife, trouble, vex, worrier, worry). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | erturbationpay perturbação (blankness, confusion, derangement, disarrangement, disconcert, disquiet, disturbance, embarrassment, flurry, fret, fuddle, gall, interference, ruffle, trepidation, turbidity, turbulence, turmoil, unrest, upheaval). (various references) perturbaÅ£ie (disturbance), tulburare (agitation, bewilderment, commotion, confusion, discomfort, disorder, disturbance, excitement, feeling, flap, flurry, fluster, interruption, invasion, revolt, trouble, unrest, vexation), neliniÅŸte (agitation, anxiety, apprehension, care, concern, discomfort, discomposure, disquiet, disquietude, disturbance, ferment, flurry, fret, inquietude, restlessness, trouble, uneasiness, unrest, worry), agitaÅ£ie (ado, agitation, bustle, clutter, commotion, dusty, emotion, excitement, ferment, fermentation, fever, flurry, flutter, fret, go, haste, inquietude, nervousness, restlessness, riotousness, roughness, squirm, stir, trepidation, unrest, vexation, working). (various references) пертурбациÑ. (various references) both. (various references) uznemirenje (disconcerting, disturbance, feeze, trouble, turn over, upset, vexation), smetnja (cumber, disturbance, drawback, encumbrance, handicap, hindrance, impediment, jam up, nuisance, set back, setback). (various references) perturbación (disturbance). (various references) störning (derangement, disruption, distraction, disturbance, interference, jamming). (various references) tedirginlik (doubtfulness, uneasiness), kaygı (anxiety, apprehension, care, discomposure, disquiet, disquietude, fear, fears, inquietude, preoccupation, solicitude, worry), karışıklık (bedlam, bungle, cataclysm, chaos, clamor, clamour, clutter, commotion, complexity, complication, confusion, disarrangement, disorder, disorderliness, disorganization, disturbance, dogs dinner, embroilment, ferment, fermentation, fray, frenzy, fuss, fuss and kerfufle, grab bag, havoc, helter-skelter, higgledy-piggledy, huddle, hugger mugger, huggermugger, hurly burly, imbroglio, indiscrimination, intricacy, involution, jungle, kerfufle, maziness, mess, mishmash, misrule, mix, mix up, muddle, muss, pie, pother, pretty kettle of fish, promiscuity, Ravel, riot, rough and tumble, ruckus, ruction, snafu, snarl, snarl up, stir, swirl, tangle, topsyturvy, topsyturvydom, tumble, turbidity, turbulence, unrest, upheaval, upset, wooliness, woolliness), endiÅŸe (agitation, angst, anxiety, apprehension, care, concern, disquiet, disquietude, disturbance, doubt, fear, fears, fret, inquietude, preoccupation, qualm, scruple, solicitude, stew, suspense, uneasiness, worry). (various references) уÑÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ (complication, sequela), Ñ…Ð²Ð¸Ð»ÑŽÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ (agitation, boil, bubble, care, disturbance, excitation, feeze, fermentation, fizzle, heartbeat, pother, pucker, stirring, swell, throb, uproar), пертурбаціÑ. (various references) sá»± xao xuyến, sá»± xôn xao (flurry, fluster, stir), sá»± xáo trá»™n sá»± là m xôn xao, sá»± lo sợ (alarm, searching), sá»± là m xao xuyến, sá»± là m lo sợ, sá»± đảo lá»™n (overturn, reversal, topsyturvy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | conturbatio, conturbatione, conturbationem. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "perturbation": perturbational, perturbations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Perturbation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: perterbation, pertubation, perturbatio, perturbeation, peturbation, preturbation. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "perturbation" (pronounced per'terbā"shun) |
| 7 | -t er b ā" sh u n | masturbation. |
| 6 | -er b ā" sh u n | exacerbation. |
| 5 | -b ā" sh u n | approbation, incubation, probation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-b-e-i-n-o-p-r-r-t-t-u" | |
-1 letter: protuberant. | |
-2 letters: parturient, reputation. | |
-3 letters: abruption, interrupt, pretorian, tribunate, turbinate. | |
-4 letters: abrupter, airborne, anterior, atropine, baritone, betatron, birretta, brattier, braunite, buttoner, eruption, intubate, nitrator, obtainer, obturate, outpaint, patentor, portrait, pretrain, printout, priorate, prurient, rebutton, reobtain, retirant, taborine, tabourer, tabouret, terrapin, trapunto, triptane, troutier, trueborn, unbitter, unrepair, urbanite. | |
-5 letters: abettor, aborter, abutter, airport, antipot, arbiter, atropin. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-b-e-i-n-o-p-r-r-t-t-u" | |
+1 letter: perturbations. | |
+2 letters: perturbational. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)50 65 72 74 75 72 62 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).--. . .-. - ..- .-. -... .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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| Amazon.com BOOKS: Search for: "perturbation" |
