Perturb

Definitions: Perturb

Perturb

Verb

1. Disturb in mind or make uneasy or cause to be worried or alarmed; "She was rather perturbed by the news that her father was seriously ill".

2. Disturb or interfere with the usual path of an electron or atom; "The electrons were perturbed by the passing ion".

3. Cause a celestial body to deviate from a theoretically regular orbital motion, esp. as a result of interposed or extraordinary gravitational pull; "The orbits of these stars were perturbed by the passings of a comet".

4. Throw into great confusion or disorder; "Fundamental Islamicists threaten to perturb the social order in Algeria and Egypt".

Date "perturb" was first used: sometime around 1385. (references)

Etymology: Perturb \Per*turb"\, transitive verb. [Latin expression perturbare, perturbatum; per turbare to disturb, from turba disorder: compare to Old French expression perturber. See Per-, and Turbid.]. (Websters 1913)

Domain	Definitions
Physics	To cause a planet or satellite to deviate from a theoretically regular orbital motion. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Synonyms: Perturb

Synonyms: cark (v), derange (v), disorder (v), disquiet (v), distract (v), throw out of kilter (v), trouble (v), unhinge (v). (additional references)

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Arrangement	Verb: derange; disarrange, misarrange; displace, misplace; mislay, discompose, disorder; deorganize, discombobulate, disorganize; embroil, unsettle, disturb, confuse, trouble, perturb, jumble, tumble; shuffle, randomize; huddle, muddle, toss, hustle, fumble, riot; bring into disorder, put into disorder, throw into disorder; muss; break the ranks, disconcert, convulse; break in upon.
Excitation	Agitate, perturb, ruffle, fluster, shake, disturb, startle, shock, stagger; give one a shock, give one a turn; strike all of a heap; stun, astound, electrify, galvanize, petrify.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

Crosswords: Perturb

English words defined with "perturb": derange ♦ passage, passing, Perturbate ♦ throw out of kilter. (references)

Etymologies containing "perturb": turbid. (references)

"Perturb" is generally used as a lexical verb (infinitive) -- approximately 75.00% of the time. "Perturb" is used about 16 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Lexical Verb (infinitive)	75%	12	101,599
Lexical Verb (base form)	25%	4	175,879
Total	100.00%	16	N/A

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Language		Translations for "perturb"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		turbulloj (abash, addle, alarm, confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, disquiet, embarrass, fog, muddy, obfuscate, obscure, rile, roil, trouble, unhinge, unsettle), trazoj (agitate, break up, commingle, dash, dismay, distemper, disturb, fidget, flitter, flurry, fluster, flutter, harass, Harry, incommode, intermix, jumble, knead, poke, pother, ruffle, shuffle, stir, turn, vex), shqetësoj (agitate, ail, alarm, bother, break up, concern, denationalize, discommode, discompose, disquiet, distemper, distress, disturb, eat, embarrass, fash, flurry, fret, Harrow, Harry, incommode, move, peeve, plague, pother, preoccupy, ruffle, trouble, vex, worry). (various references)

Arabic		‏سبب إنفعال, ‏أقلق (agitate, beset, concern, disconcert, disquiet, distress, disturb, ferret, fret, fuss, hop, molest, obsess, peck, rile, shake up, spook, torment, trouble, undo, unhinge, unsettle, upset, worry), ‏أزعج (ail, annoy, beset, bother, burn, discompose, disquiet, disrupt, distress, disturb, get in the way, get on smb.'s nerves, gig, gnaw, grate, hamper, harass, importune, incommode, inconvenience, infest, intrude, irk, irritate, jolt, molest, nag, niggle, obsess, offend, pain, peck, peeve, pester, plague, possess, prickle, put out, rasp, rattle, ruffle, saddle, torment, trouble, upset, vex), ‏شوش (bedevil, befuddle, blanket, confuse, demoralize, derange, disarrange, dislocate, disorganize, disrupt, disturb, dizzy, embroil, fog, fuddle, garble, gum up, hamper, jam, jumble, mire, mix up, muddle, muddy, obfuscate, obscure, outface, parasite, perplex, rattle, ravel, scramble, smudge, unhinge, unsettle). (various references)

Bulgarian		смущавам (become confused, confound, confuse, discompose, disconcert, discountenance, disturb, flurry, gravel, incommode, muddle, mystify, obfuscate, perplex, put off, put out, rattle, ruffle, throw out, unbalance, violate, wake, wilder), тревожа (ail, alarm, disturb, exercise, fuss, put about, weigh on, worrit, worry), вълнувам (affect, agitate, excite, ripple, stir, trouble, vex, work up), внасям смут (disorder), отклонявам от орбитата, обезпокоявам (disturb, put out, trouble, upset), причинявам безредици в. (various references)

Chinese		心绪不宁 (Perturbed, perturbing). (various references)

Czech		znepokojovat (annoy, disturb, harass, trouble, worry), rušit (butt in, disturb, jam, unsettle). (various references)

Dutch		storing veroorzaken (disquiet, interfere with). (various references)

Esperanto		perturbi (disquiet, interfere with). (various references)

Farsi		مزاحم شدن (Annoy, Buttonhole, Disturb, Obtrude), ناراحت کردن (Discomfit, Discomfort, Disquiet, Distemper, Unsettle), اشفتن (Agitate, Disquiet, Disturb, Shake, Trouble, Upset). (various references)

French		perturber. (various references)

German		verwirren (befog, befuddle, bewilder, confound, confuse, dazzle, disarrange, disorient, entangle, fluster, fuddle, jumble, muddle, muddle up, mystify, obfuscate, obscure, perplex, puzzle, Ravel, ruffle, ruffle up, tangle, tangle up, to confuse, to derange, to disarrange, to discombobulate, to disconcert, to dishevel, to disorient, to distract, to embarrass, to fluster, tousle, unsettle), stören (annoy, bar, be disturbing, bother, bug, bust up, disrupt, disturb, get in the way, harass, heckle, hinder, incommode, inhibit, interfere with, interrupt, invade, jam, mutilate, prevent, spoil, spoil the effect, stick out, to derange, to disturb, to incommode, to interrupt, to mutilate, to perturb, to trouble, torment, trouble, upset, violate, worry), beunruhigen (agitate, alarm, disconcert, disquiet, disturb, faze, harass, to agitate, to alarm, to disquiet, to disturb, to faze, to trouble, trouble, unsettle, worry), ängstigen (alarm, frighten, to alarm, to frighten, worry). (various references)

Greek		διαταράσσω (derange, scramble, unsettle). (various references)

Hebrew		להדאיג (concern, trouble, upset, worry), לגרום התרגשות (fluster), לבלבל (bedevil, confound, confuse, disarrange, disconcert, disturb, flummox, mix up, muddle). (various references)

Hungarian		háborgat (bother, disturb, incommode, pester, to bother, to incommode, to perturb, to pester, to queer), összezavar (befuddle, disarrange, disarray, disorder, embroil, entangle, mess, mess about, mess up, mix up, muddle, obfuscate, to addle, to baffle, to ball up, to confound, to confuse, to darken, to disarray, to dislocate, to disorder, to elf, to ensnarl, to entangle, to foul up, to involve, to mess up, to mix up, to muddle up, to muss, to obfuscate, to perturb, to play the devil with sg, to play the very devil with sg, to scramble, to snarl, to unsettle). (various references)

Indonesian		menggelisah (worry about). (various references)

Italian		perturbare (disturb), turbare (become agitated, disconcert, distract, disturb, get upset, ruffle, trouble, upset), sconvolgere (derange, disconcert, disturb, fluster, throw into confusion, unsettle, upset). (various references)

Manx		cur fud y cheilley (bemuse, confuse, derange, disarray, disorganization, disorganize, embarrass, jumble, litter, maze, puzzle, subvert; dislocation, tangle). (various references)

Pig Latin		erturbpay

Portuguese		perturbar (agitate, break, cloud, commove, confound, confuse, depolarise, derange, disarray, disquiet, disquieting, disturb, fear, flush, fluster, harass, incommode, mess, overturn, pothole, pull down, puzzle, ruffle, shake, throw out, toss, trouble, unbalance, unhinge, unsettle, upset). (various references)

Romanian		perturba (disturb), tulbura (agitate, bewilder, cloud, confuse, disconcert, distract, disturb, flurry, flutter, fret, incommode, indispose, interrupt, intrude upon, Mar, muddle, muddy, puddle, ripple, stir, trouble, upset, vex, worry), nelinişti (discomfort, discompose, disquiet, flutter, fret, pother, worry), mişca (advance, agitate, budge, draw, endeavor, endeavour, excite, hit, jump, live, melt, move, pan, quicken, remove, stir, touch, transport, wag, whirl, work), decumpãni. (various references)

Russian		волновать (agitate, alarm, fluster, flutter, hype up, move, overexcite, pother). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		zbuniti (abash, addle, baffle, befuddle, bemuse, bepuzzle, bewilder, confound, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, distract, embarrass, faze, maze, nonplus, perplex, pose, puzzle, rattle, stick, stump), uznemiriti (acerbate, alarm, bother, discompose, disconcert, disturb, hound, intrude, pester, put out, put smb. out, trouble, unsettle, upset, vex). (various references)

Spanish		perturbar (agitate, bewilder, distract, disturb, faze, mess up, scramble, throw out, upset). (various references)

Swedish		störa (derange, disrupt, disturb, faze, fuss about, interfere with, interrupt, intrude, jam, molest, pervert, worry), oroa (alarm, annoy, concern, discomfort, discommode, discompose, disquiet, distress, disturb, fret, irritate, niggle, perturbate, trouble, unsettle, upset, worry). (various references)

Turkish		kaygılandırmak (cause anxiety, concern), kafasını karıştırmak (bedevil, befog, bemuse, confound, confuse, derange, disorient, mix up, obfuscate, puzzle), huzursuz etmek (annoy, disquieten, disturb, fidget, give smb. the hump, give the hump, hump, prey on), endişelendirmek (concern, disquiet, distress, disturb, fret, keep in suspense, preoccupy, put the wind up smb., worry). (various references)

Ukranian		турбувати (afflict, ail, annoy, commove, concern, derange, disoblige, embarrass, faze, gnaw, harass, importune, incommode, inconvenience, put about, work, worry), бентежити (abash, affront, bewilder, confound, confuse, damp, dank, daunt, disarray, discomfit, disconcert, discourage, dismay, disorder, embarrass, embrangle, flummox, muddle, overset, perplex, puddle, puzzle, upturn). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Language	Period	Translations
Latin	500 BCE-Modern	perturbabant, perturbabat, perturbare, perturbatus, perturbo. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Derivations
	Words beginning with "perturb": perturbable, perturbation, perturbational, perturbations, perturbed, perturbing, perturbs. (additional references)
	Words containing "perturb": imperturbabilities, imperturbability, imperturbable, imperturbably, unperturbed. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Perturb" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Perstorp, perter, perterb, pertub, perturbe, perturv, perurb, preturb, purturb. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "perturb" (pronounced perter"b)
3	-t er" b	disturb.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "b-e-p-r-r-t-u"
	-2 letters: brute, buret, erupt, purer, rebut, truer, tuber.
	-3 letters: brut, burp, burr, bute, pert, pure, purr, rube, ruer, true, tube.
	-4 letters: bet, brr, bur, but, err, per, pet, pub, pur, put, reb, rep, ret, rub, rue, rut, tub, tup, urb.
	-5 letters: be, er, et, pe, re, up, ut.
	Words containing the letters "b-e-p-r-r-t-u"
	+1 letter: abrupter, perturbs.
	+2 letters: perturbed.
	+3 letters: perturbing, prepuberty.
	+4 letters: corruptible, perturbable, prepubertal, protrusible, protuberant, superbright, unperturbed.
	+5 letters: obstreperous, perambulator, perturbation, prepuberties, protuberance.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.