Peripheral

Definitions: Peripheral

Peripheral

Adjective

1. On or near an edge or constituting an outer boundary; the outer area; "Russia's peripheral provinces"; "peripheral suburbs".

2. Related to the key issue but not of central importance; "a peripheral interest"; "energy is far from a peripheral issue in the economy"; "peripheral issues".

Noun

1. (computer science) electronic equipment connected by cable to the CPU of a computer; "disk drives and printers are important peripherals".

Date "peripheral" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references)

Specialty Definitions: Peripheral

Domain	Definitions
Computing	Peripheral (Or "peripheral device", "device") Any part of a computer other than the CPU or working memory, i.e. disks, keyboards, monitors, mice, printers, scanners, tape drives, microphones, speakers, cameras, to list just the less exotic ones. High speed working memory, such as RAM, ROM or, in the old days, core would not normally be referred to as peripherals. The more modern term "device" is also more general in that it is used for things such as a pseudo-tty, a RAM drive or a network adaptor. (1999-02-10). Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Specialty Definition: Peripheral

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

A peripheral is a type of computer hardware that is added to the computer, in order to expand its abilities. More specifically the term is used to describe those devices that are optional in nature, as opposed to hardware that is either demanded, or always required in principle. The term also tends to be applied to devices that are hooked up externally, typically though some form of computer bus like USB.

Typical examples include joysticks, printers and scanners. Devices such as monitorss and disk drives are not considered peripherals because they are not truly optional, and video capture cards are typically not referred to as peripheral because they are internal devices.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Peripheral."

Top

Synonyms: Peripheral

Synonyms: computer peripheral (n), peripheral device (n). (additional references)

Antonym: central (adj). (additional references)

Top

Crosswords: Peripheral

English words defined with "peripheral": causalgia, chronic glaucoma, computer peripheral ♦ device driver, driver, dysarthria ♦ Ectolecithal, end organ ♦ Guillain-Barre syndrome ♦ hole-and-corner, hole-in-corner ♦ Indirect vision, infectious polyneuritis, Intercentral nerves, ischemic anoxia, ischemic hypoxia ♦ Landry's paralysis ♦ multiple neuritis ♦ Nervous system, neurilemoma, neurofibroma, neuropathy, neurosurgery ♦ offload, open-angle glaucoma ♦ Parablast, paraesthesia, paresthesia, peripheral device, peripheral nervous system, peripheral vision, peripherally, Peripherical, polyneuritis ♦ ray floret, ray flower, reflex epilepsy ♦ Saprolegnia ferax, Schwann cell, spinal cord, spool, stagnant anoxia, stagnant hypoxia ♦ thermotherapy, tolazoline, tunnel vision ♦ white fungus. (references)

Specialty definitions using "peripheral": Advanced SCSI Peripheral Interface ♦ Catheterization, Peripheral, COMPUTER PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT OPERATOR ♦ Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ♦ peripheral bus, Peripheral Component Interconnect, peripheral jet cushion system, Peripheral Nerves, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, peripheral stem cell support, peripheral stem cell transplantation, peripheral stem cells, Peripheral Technology Group, peripheral unit, Peripheral Vascular Diseases ♦ serial communications interface peripheral card, Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On-Line. (references)

Etymologies containing "peripheral": Entoperipheral, Epiperipheral. (references)

Top

Modern Usage: Peripheral

Domain

Usage

Lyrics

And I'm beyond your peripheral vision so you might want to turn your head (32 Flavors; performing artist: Alana Davis)

I am beyond your peripheral vision so you might want to turn your head (32 Flavors; performing artist: Alana Davis)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Commercial Usage: Peripheral

Domain	Title
References	The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Peripheral Neuropathy (reference) Multimedia Computer Peripheral in Singapore: A Strategic Entry Report, 1998 (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	Light and electron microscopic studies on pulmonary adenocarcinoma and peripheral epithelial changes in the lung (reference) Numb Toes and Aching Soles: Coping with Peripheral Neuropathy (reference) Search performance and peripheral visual acuity (reference) Atlas of the Peripheral Ocular Fundus (reference) Optimum Fitness: How to Use Your Muscles As Peripheral Hearts to Achieve Optimum Muscular and Aerobic Fitness (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Journal Of The Peripheral Nervous System (reference) (more periodical examples)

Music	A Peripheral Blur (reference) Peripheral Vision (reference) Still Life With Peripheral Gray ( [IMPORT] (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

High Tech	Peripheral Enhancements APLPM00032MG3 Edge 32MB Apple PowerMac G3 Beige Gossamer (reference) Belkin 6FT EXT SCSI Peripheral Cent50M/Cent50M 38 Cond DBl Sh (reference) Peripheral Enhancements ATI 100-433001 Radeon 9000 Pro 64MB with TV Out Controller (reference) (more camera examples; more video game examples; more computer examples; more electronic examples; more software examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Image Slideshow: Peripheral

Top

Photo Album: Peripheral

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	A. Peripheral blood leukocyte from an AIDS patient producing HIV. There are several particles budding from the periphery of the cell. Other virus particles cluster outside the cell membrane. (x30) b. Enlargement of far right center area of top photo showing mature HIV particles. (x90) c. HIV particle budding from cell membrane. (x200) d. Mature hiv particle with characteristic core. (x200). See artwork: GR-07.Credit: Matt Gonda (photographer).		Granuloma with peripheral necrosis. Brucellosis.Credit: CDC.
	Peripheral blood smear showing blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia.Credit: CDC.		Note the herpetic lesions on the palmar surface of the left ring finger. Living in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, under stressful conditions, the herpes viruses migrate along the pathways of peripheral nerve distribution.Credit: CDC.
	Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite showing atypical nucleus with uneven peripheral chromatin. Parasite, ameba.Credit: CDC.		Children check their peripheral vision at the National Eye Institute's traveling exhibit, VISION.Credit: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Non-Fiction Usage: Peripheral

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Therapy for peripheral neuropathy differs depending on the cause. (references)
		In fact, diabetes is one of the most common causes of peripheral neuropathy. (references)
		Surgical blocks are performed on cranial, peripheral, or sympathetic nerves. (references)
Business		These PCs are often more powerful than the portables, and have a more extensive array of associated peripheral devices. (references)
		There are no special requirements, nor non-tariff barriers for importing irrigation equipment and peripheral components into Brazil. (references)
		Robot and peripheral equipment manufacturers now face severe business competition and pressure to upgrade performance and further cut costs. (references)
Economic History	Indonesia	In 2000, with a total import value of $24 million -- representing a 15.06% market share - the United States was the third largest Indonesian computer and peripheral supplier. (references)
	Canada	American companies with competitively priced products, effective distribution channels, and strong customer service programs can expect to profit from the growth in computer hardware and peripheral sales in Canada. (references)
	Canada	US manufacturers account for 64 percent of the total Canadian computer hardware and peripheral equipment market. (references)
Political Economy	Israel and the occupied territories	Israel has an advanced industrial economy, and citizens enjoy a relatively high standard of living, with a per capita income of more than $17,000. Unemployment averaged approximately 9 percent during the year, but was substantially higher in the country's peripheral regions and among lower-skilled workers. (references)
Worker Rights	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	The Labor Commissioner was forced to intervene, but several disputes in court arose from peripheral matters. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Top

Spoken Usage: Peripheral

Speaker	Phrase(s)
Bob Barker	Well I got up one morning and I realized that there was something wrong with my peripheral vision, and I got up very early and I thought, well, I'm going to call the doctor. I thought, he's not going to be open yet. I'll go work out.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Usage Frequency: Peripheral

"Peripheral" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 95.87% of the time. "Peripheral" is used about 653 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Adjective (general or positive)	95.87%	626	10,355
Noun (singular)	2.91%	19	80,337
Noun (proper)	1.22%	8	124,375
Total	100.00%	653	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Top

Expression: Peripheral

Expressions using "peripheral": advanced SCSI Peripheral Interface ♦ archival tape peripheral ♦ computer peripheral ♦ dumb peripheral ♦ peripheral blood ♦ peripheral blood lymphocyte therapy ♦ peripheral bus ♦ peripheral cam ♦ peripheral Component Interconnect ♦ peripheral device ♦ peripheral equipment ♦ peripheral hardware ♦ peripheral hem ♦ peripheral interface adapter ♦ peripheral jet cushion system ♦ Peripheral Nerves ♦ peripheral nervous system ♦ Peripheral Nervous System Agents ♦ Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ♦ Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms ♦ Peripheral Neuropathy ♦ peripheral node ♦ peripheral polyneuropathy ♦ peripheral processor ♦ peripheral pump ♦ Peripheral regions ♦ peripheral stem cell support ♦ peripheral stem cell transplantation ♦ peripheral stem cells ♦ peripheral Technology Group ♦ peripheral unit ♦ Peripheral Vascular Disease ♦ Peripheral Vascular Diseases ♦ Peripheral vision ♦ Peripheral vision loss ♦ serial communications interface peripheral card ♦ simultaneous peripheral operation on line. Additional references.
Hyphenated Usage
	Beginning with "peripheral": peripheral-to-peripheral.
	Ending with "peripheral": central-peripheral.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Peripheral

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
peripheral neuropathy	747	diabetic peripheral neuropathy	17
peripheral	603	serial peripheral interface	16
computer peripheral	350	internet peripheral	15
peripheral vascular disease	179	cause neuropathy peripheral	14
hewlett packard peripheral	70	peripheral nerves	12
peripheral arterial disease	62	info peripheral	11
practical peripheral	54	computer exporter peripheral	11
peripheral nervous system	54	computer distributor peripheral	11
peripheral edema	43	peripheral t cell lymphoma	10
peripheral artery disease	43	computer peripheral wholesaler	10
cms peripheral	42	loss of peripheral vision	10
peripheral product	42	pc peripheral	10
acer peripheral	41	peripheral vascular	10
peripheral neuropathy treatment	34	computer peripheral retailer	10
peripheral vision	32	computer peripheral liquidator	10
peripheral neuropathy symptom	30	peripheral neuritis	10
peripheral nerve	25	peripheral neuropathies	9
envision peripheral	20	network peripheral	9
peripheral device	18	neurophy peripheral	9
peripheral unix	17	peripheral spectrum	9
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top

Modern Translations: Peripheral

Language		Translations for "peripheral"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		periferik (circumferential, out, outer, outlying, suburban), margjinal, i vogël (baby, diminutive, exiguous, Ling, little, one horse, paltry, petit, petty, pimping, pocket-size, poky, reckling, scant, scanty, scarce, scrimpy, small, trivial, undersized), anësor (collateral, fringe, lateral, marginal, secondary, side, sidelong, sideways, wing, winger). (various references)

Arabic		‏محيطي (circumferential, environmental), ‏هامشي (marginal, misfit), ‏سطحي (cursory, exterior, external, facile, frothy, perfunctory, primary, shallow-minded, sketchy, skin deep, slight, superficial, surface, unexperienced, unintelligent), ‏خارجي (ecto-, exterior, extern, external, extraneous, extrinsic, foreign, incident, outer, outermost, outward). (various references)

Bulgarian		периферен (circumferential, marginal, suburban, tangential), периферичен. (various references)

Chinese		周边. (various references)

Czech		periferní, okrajový (marginal, secondary), obvodový (circumferential). (various references)

Danish		perifert udstyr (peripheral device, peripheral equipment), perifer enhed, perifer, ydre enhed (peripheral device, peripheral equipment, satellite). (various references)

Dutch		rand-, buiten- (external, outer, outside). (various references)

Esperanto		periferia. (various references)

Farsi		پیرامونی , وابسته به محیط, ثانوی (Sec, Second, Secondary), دوره ای (Periodic). (various references)

Finnish		oheislaitteisto (peripheral device, peripheral equipment), oheislaite (peripheral device, peripheral equipment), oheis- (slave), lisä- (add-on). (various references)

French		périphérique (peripheral device, peripheral equipment, peripheral unit). (various references)

German		peripher, Peripheriegerät (peripheral device, peripheral equipment). (various references)

Greek		περιμετρικόσ (perimetric, perimetrical), περιφερειακόσ (district, regional), περιφερειακό (peripheral device, peripheral equipment, physical unit, the hardware of a node in an SNA-addressable unit), περιφερειακή συσκευή (peripheral device, peripheral equipment), περιθωριακόσ (fringe, marginal). (various references)

Hebrew		שולי (marginal), �"קפי (circumferential). (various references)

Hungarian		kerületi (circumferential, provincial, regional), periferikus, periférikus, perifériás, külső (aerial, appearance, barbican, exterior, external, extrinsic, facade, get-up, husk, look, outside, to externalize, to weather-board), környéki, felszíni (above ground, aboveground, overground). (various references)

Indonesian		sekeliling. (various references)

Italian		periferico (suburban), periferica (peripheral device, peripheral equipment). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		周辺 (circumference, environs, outskirts). (various references)

Japanese Katakana		しゅうへ�" (circumference, environs, outskirts). (various references)

Korean		주변. (various references)

Manx		ymmyllagh. (various references)

Pig Latin		eripheralpay

Portuguese		periférico (peripheral device, peripheral equipment, peripheral hardware, periphery). (various references)

Romanian		periferic (marginal, outer, outlying, peripherally, secondary), mãrginaş (adjacent, remote). (various references)

Russian		окружной (circumferential), периферический (circumferential, distal), периферийный. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		periferni (circumferential). (various references)

Spanish		periférico (outlying, peripheral device, peripheral equipment, peripheral hardware, periphery, ringroad, ringway). (various references)

Swedish		kringutrustning (peripheral device, peripheral equipment, peripherals). (various references)

Turkish		periferik, dış kenara ait, çevresel (environmental). (various references)

Ukranian		периферійний прилад, периферійний (provincial). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Top

Derivations & Misspellings: Peripheral

Derivations
	Words beginning with "peripheral": peripherally, peripherals. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Peripheral" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: epiphora, paraptera, periferal, periferral, perifferal, perifra, periheral, periperhap, peripheal, periphera, peripherial, periphral, periphreal, peripteral, perpheral, perriferal, pomifera. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Top

Rhyming with "Peripheral"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "peripheral" (pronounced peri"ferul or peri"frul)
3	-er u l	admiral, agricultural, architectural, behavioral, bilateral, collateral, Corporal, countercultural, cultural, doctoral, doggerel, electoral, ephemeral, federal, femoral, funeral, Gen, general, guttural, horticultural, humoral, inaugural, intercultural, lateral, liberal, literal, littoral, mackerel, mayoral, mineral, multicultural, multilateral, natural, neoliberal, nomenclatural, nonagricultural, numeral, pastoral, pectoral, pickerel, postdoctoral, prefectural, procedural, scriptural, sculptural, sectoral, structural, supernatural, temporal, trilateral, unilateral, unnatural, visceral.
3	-r u l	amoral, ancestral, antiviral, apparel, astral, aural, auroral, austral, Balmoral, barrel, Beryl, boral, Carle, Carol, carrel, cathedral, central, cerebral, choral, coral, feral, floral, gambrel, goral, immoral, imperil, integral, intramural, laurel, Loral, minstrel, mistral, mitral, moral, mural, neural, neutral, nostril, octahedral, oral, orchestral, peril, plural, quarrel, rural, scoundrel, several, Sorel, Sorrel, spiral, sterile, tetrahedral, ventral, vertebral, viral, virile.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Top

Anagrams: Peripheral

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-e-e-h-i-l-p-p-r-r"
	-2 letters: pearlier.
	-3 letters: applier, earlier, happier, harelip, learier, paperer, pearler, prepare, repaper, replier, rippler.
	-4 letters: aerier, hailer, harper, healer, hearer, helper, hipper, hirple, irreal, lapper, leaper, lipper, palier, parrel, pereia, railer, rapier, rappee, rappel, rapper, realer, reaper, rehear, rehire, relier, repair, repeal, ripper, ripple, riprap.
	-5 letters: aerie, airer, aleph, appel, apple, ariel, haler, hilar, hirer.
	Words containing the letters "a-e-e-h-i-l-p-p-r-r"
	+1 letter: peripherals.
	+2 letters: peripherally.
	+3 letters: hyperpolarize.
	+4 letters: hyperpolarized, hyperpolarizes.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.