Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Pattern |
PatternNoun1. A perceptual structure; "the composition presents problems for students of musical form"; "a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them". 2. A customary way of operation or behavior; "it is their practice to give annual raises"; "they changed their dietary pattern". 3. A decorative or artistic work; "the coach had a design on the doors". 4. Something regarded as a normative example; "the convention of not naming the main character"; "violence is the rule not the exception"; "his formula for impressing visitors". 5. A model considered worthy of imitation; "the American constitution has provided a pattern for many republics". 6. Something intended as a guide for making something else; "a blueprint for a house"; "a pattern for a skirt". 7. The path that is prescribed for an airplane that is preparing to land at an airport; "the traffic patterns around O'Hare are very crowded"; "they stayed in the pattern until the fog lifted". 8. Graphical representation (in polar or cartesian coordinates) of the spatial distribution of radiation from an antenna as a function of angle. Verb1. Plan or create according to a model or models. 2. Form a pattern; "These sentences pattern like the ones we studied before". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "pattern" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Note: Pattern \Pat"tern\, transitive verb. [imperfect & past participle. Patterned; Patterning.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Avian | A statement about relationships among several observations of nature. It connotes a particular configuration of properties of the system under investigation (Wiens 1989a:18). (references) |
Computing | Triggering expression of a production rule, i. e. a rule either of a forward production system(F-rule)or backward production system(B-rule). Source: European Union. (references) |
Economics | Long-term technological programming model developed by Honeywell. Source: European Union. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | Example, model, design. Source: European Union. (references) |
Finance | A chart formation made by price movements on a chart representing an important argument in the market place. Certain such formations are easily recognisable, such as heads and shoulders, double bottoms, etc. , others less so. But most give an experienced analyst the ability to gauge the likely extent of the next major move once the price has moved outside the pattern. Source: European Union. (references) |
Industry | A sheet of paper or board which the manufacturing process shall strive to copy. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Pattern A corruption of patron. As a patron is a guide, and ought to be an example, so the word has come to signify an artistic model. (French, patron Latin, Patronus.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Math | A finite number of strings that are searched for in texts. (references) |
Mechanical Engineering | A part whose contours serve as guide for a cutting tool during copy-machining. It is either a plate or a body of revolution. The tool is guided either mechanically or by a tracer control. Source: European Union. (references) |
Medicine | Example, model design. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A compound or a mold made of the compound for holding some forms of graft in place. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Mining | A. As applied to diamond bits, the design formed by spacing and distributing the diamonds in conformance with a predetermined geometric arrangement on the crown of a bit. See also:concentric pattern; eccentric pattern b. The system followed in spacing boreholes. See also:checkerboarded;pattern shooting. (references) |
Post & Telecom | In hyperbolic navigation systems:the system of hyperbolic position lines associated with a single pair of stations, usually the master station and a slave station. Source: European Union. (references) |
Transportation | The horizontal configuration or form of the flight path flown by an aircraft, or prescribed to be flown by an aircraft, as in making the approach to a landing. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Design patterns represent the accumulated knowledge of the community of software developers of standardised solutions to recurring problems.
They allow software developers to make use of the knowledge of past designers. Many design projects are confronted with similar problems that demand similar solutions. A design pattern is an abstraction of a solution for a particular class of problems. MVC or model view controller triad is a classical example of design pattern. It was introduced 1980 in the Smalltalk system.
The book that introduced the term design pattern to software development is Design Patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software (commonly shortened to GoF) says:
In computer programming, the incredible gap in productivity between amateurs and experts is partly a difference in experience. Experts have weathered a variety of problems repeatedly. Typically experts end up with the same pattern to solve the problems as each other's. That is a design pattern. (GoF)
- [Design patterns] solve specific design problems and make object-oriented designs more flexible and elegant, and ultimately reusable. They help designers reuse successful designs by basing new designs on prior experience. A designer who is familiar with such patterns can apply them immediately to design problems without having to rediscover them.
Each pattern comes up with the problem that happens again and again among programmers. Then it shows a typical solution for such a problem, if not the best solution, along with the trade-off, which is a convenient assessment to make prior to applying a potentially costly solution. It is important that patterns accompany a name because it makes possible to describe problems, solutions and talk about them with other folks.
For example the classical MVC pattern is actually a combination of three patterns listed below - Observer, Composite and Strategy. It is broadly used today.
Frequent problems that occur in programming are sometimes less commonly called anti-pattern.
See also amelioration pattern
Fundamental patterns
Creational patterns
- Delegation pattern
- Interface pattern
- Proxy pattern
- Immutable pattern
- Marker Interface pattern
Structural patterns
- Abstract factory pattern
- Anonymous subroutine objects pattern
- Builder pattern
- Factory method pattern
- Prototype pattern
- Singleton pattern - an object which is unique in its kind in the whole system
Behavioral patterns
- Adapter pattern
- Bridge pattern
- Composite pattern - a pattern to build large structures
- Container pattern
- Decorator pattern
- Extensibility pattern
- Facade pattern
- Flyweight pattern
- Pipes and filters
- Proxy pattern
Concurrency patterns
- Breadth first recursion
- Chain of responsibility pattern
- Command pattern
- Currying concept
- Event listener
- Interpreter pattern
- Iterator pattern
- Mediator pattern
- Memento pattern
- Observer pattern - one object acts when some value of another objects changes
- State pattern
- Strategy pattern - make an algorithm pluggable
- Template method pattern
- Visitor pattern
- Hierarchical visitor pattern
RealTime patterns
- Action at a distance pattern
- Balking pattern
- Guarded suspension
- Scheduler pattern
- Read write lock pattern
- Double checked locking pattern
- Disable job requests while running job pattern
Life cycle patterns
- Scheduled task pattern
- User interface pattern
- Disable job requests while running job pattern
Social / other
- Compatible suite upgrade pattern
- Incompatible suite upgrade pattern
- Community life cycle
- Democracy pattern
- Melting pot
- Constraint system
Related Topics
- Pattern Mining
- Programming practice
Further reading
- Design Patterns, Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides, Addison-Wesley, 1995, hardcover, 395 pages, ISBN 0201633612 Design Patterns CD, 1997 ISBN 0201634988
Reference and External Links
- Java J2EE pattern catalog
- The list of design patterns is entirely based on a wiki page http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?CategoryPattern.
- The definition of design pattern is based on the definition in Design Patterns.
- Many design patterns are described in mgrand's book
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Design pattern (computer science)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A DNA motif is a nucleic acid or amino acid sequence pattern that has, or is conjectured to have, some biological significance. Normally, the pattern is fairly short and is known to recur in different genes or several times within a gene. DNA motifs are often associated with structural motifs found in proteins.An example is the N-glycosylation site motif:
where the three-letter abbreviations are the conventional designations for amino acids (see Genetic code).
- Asn, followed by anything but Pro, followed by either Ser or Thr, followed by anything but Pro
This pattern may be written as N{P}[ST]{P}
where N=Asn, P=Pro, S=Ser, T=Thr
and {X} means any amino acid except X; and [XY] means either X or Y.
The notation [XY] does not give any indication of the probability of X or Y occurring in the pattern. Sometimes patterns are defined in terms of a probabilistic model such as a hidden Markov model.
Motifs and consensus sequences
The notation [XYZ] means X or Y or Z, but does not indicate the likelihood of any particular match. For this reason, two or more patterns are often associated with a single DNA motif - the defining pattern, and various typical patterns.
For example, the defining sequence for the IQ motif may be taken to be:
where x signifies any amino acid, and the square brackets indicate an alternative (see below for further details about notation).
- [FILV]Qxxx[RK]Gxxx[RK]xx[FILVWY]
Usually, however, the first letter is I, and both [RK] choices resolve to R. Since the last choice is so wide, the pattern IQxxxRGxxxR is sometimes equated with the IQ motif itself, but a more accurate description would be a consensus sequence for the IQ motif.
Discovery of DNA motifs
Software
There are software programs which, given multiple input sequences, attempt to identify one or more candidate motifs. One example is MEME (see References below), which generates statistical information for each candidate.
Discovery through evolutionary conservation
DNA motifs have been discovered by studying similar genes in different species. For example, by aligning the amino acid sequences specified by the GCM (glial cells missing) gene in man, mouse and D. melanogaster, Akiyama and others discovered a pattern which they called the GCM motif. It spans about 150 amino acid residues, and begins as follows:
Here each . signifies a single amino acid or a gap, and each * indicates one member of a closely-related family of amino acids.
- WDIND*.*P..*...D.F.*W***.**.IYS**...A.*H*S*WAMRNTNNHN
The authors were able to show that the motif has DNA binding activity.
Pattern Description Notations
Several notations for describing motifs are in use but most of them are variants of standard notations for regular expressions and use these conventions:
The fundamental idea behind all these notations is the matching principle, which assigns a meaning to a sequence of elements of the pattern notation:
- there is an alphabet of single characters, each denoting a specific amino acid or a set of amino acids;
- a string of characters drawn from the alphabet denotes a sequence of the corresponding amino acids;
- any string of characters drawn from the alphabet enclosed in square brackets matches any one of the corresponding amino acids; e.g. [abc] matches any of the amino acids represented by a or b or c.
Thus the pattern [AB] [CDE] F matches the six amino acid sequences corresponding to ACF, ADF, AEF, BCF, BDF, and BEF.
- a sequence of elements of the pattern notation matches a sequence of amino acids if and only if the latter sequence can be partitioned into subsequences in such a way that each pattern element matches the corresponding subsequence in turn.
Different pattern description notations have other ways of forming pattern elements. One of these notations is the PROSITE notation, described in the following subsection.
PROSITE Pattern Notation
The PROSITE notation uses the IUPAC one-letter codes and conforms to the above description with the exception that a concatenation symbol, '-', is used between pattern elements, but it is often dropped between letters of the pattern alphabet.
PROSITE allows the following pattern elements in addition to those described previously:
Some examples:
- The lower case letter 'x' can be used as a pattern element to denote any amino acid.
- A string of characters drawn from the alphabet and enclosed in braces (curly brackets) denotes any amino acid except for those in the string. For example, {ST} denotes any amino acid other than S or T.
- If a pattern is restricted to the N-terminal of a sequence, the pattern is prefixed with '<'.
- If a pattern is restricted to the C-terminal of a sequence, the pattern is suffixed with '>'.
- The character '>' can also occur inside a terminating square bracket pattern, so that S[T>] matches both "ST" and "S>".
- If e is a pattern element, and m and n are two decimal integers with m <= n, then:
- e(m) is equivalent to the repetition of e exactly m times;
- e(m,n) is equivalent to the repetition of e exactly k times for any integer k satisfying: m <= k <= n.
The signature of the C2H2-type zinc finger domain is:
- x(3) is equivalent to x-x-x
- x(2,4) matches any sequence that matches x-x or x-x-x or x-x-x-x
- C-x(2,4)-C-x(3)-[LIVMFYWC]-x(8)-H-x(3,5)-H
See also
- DNA
References
- Akiyama, Y. et al. The gcm-motif: a novel DNA-binding motif conserved in Drosophila and mammals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1996) 93:14912-14916.
- PROSITE Database of protein families and domains
- The MEME/MAST System for Motif Discovery and Search
- MEME Documentation
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "DNA motif."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Paisley is a droplet-shaped vegetal motif, similar to half of the yin and yang symbol or the Indian bodhi tree leaf. The design originated in India and spread to Scotland when British soldiers brought home cashmere shawls. From roughly 1800 to 1850, using Jacquard looms, the women of the town of Paisley, Scotland adapted the design and wove woolen shawls, hence the design is popularly known as the Paisley Pattern. Changes in fashion led to the demise of the shawl bringing hardship to the weavers in Scotland and the originators in Kashmir.
The shape has been widely adopted since then. Although the influence is not clear, the Turkish tughra calligraphic seal strongly resembles the paisley shape. Some design scholars call the distinct shape boteh and believe it is the convergence of a stylized floral spray and a cypress tree--a Zoroastrian symbol of death and eternity.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Paisley (design)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A '\pattern' is anything characterized by repetition. The repetition can either have identical subpatterns or subpatterns that are modified according to some simple rule.
Generally speaking, patterns can be detected or recognized by people (or in some cases, by computers).
Patterns may be observable through the senses.
Some patterns are named. Examples include the regular tiling of a plane, echoes, and balanced binary branching.
Fractals are mathematical patterns. Naturally occurring patterns obey certain principles also found in fractals, for example self-similarity. Even though self-similarity in nature is only approximate and stochastic, integral measures describing fractal properties can also be applied to natural "fractals" like coastal lines, tree shapes, etc. (see fractal geometry). While the outer appearance of self-similar patterns can be quite complex, the rules needed to describe or produce their formation can be extremely simple (e.g. Lindenmayer systems for the description of tree shapes).
In addition to static patterns there may be patterns of movement such as oscillation.
Patterns In Nature
- Sea shells, Sand Dollars, etc.
- Sand dunes, Grand Canyon, etc.
- Tree branches, ferns, coastal lines, clouds, etc.
Patterns In Art
- Modern art: Mondrian, Op Art
- Impressionism: Pointillism
- Performance Art: Crop circles
Patterns In Science And Mathematics
- Fractals
- Crystals
- Penrose tilings
Other senses of "pattern"
- often "pattern" means a template, or a cookie cutter-like template. See, e.g. design pattern (architecture) and design pattern (computer science).
See also
- Pattern recognition
- Regular expressions
- DNA motifs
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pattern."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
PATTERN | English | Planning Assistance through Technical Evaluation of Relevance Numbers | Engineering & Technology |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: PatternSynonyms: approach pattern (n), blueprint (n), convention (n), design (n), figure (n), form (n), formula (n), normal (n), practice (n), radiation diagram (n), radiation pattern (n), rule (n), shape (n), traffic pattern (n), model (v). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: draughted (industry). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Conformity | Standard, model, pattern; (prototype). |
Good Man | Model, paragon; (perfection); good example; hero, heroine, demigod, seraph, angel; innocent; saint; (piety); benefactor; philanthropist; Aristides; noble liver, pattern. |
Imitation | Follow in the steps of, tread in the steps, follow in the footsteps of, follow in the wake of; take pattern by; follow suit, follow the example of; walk in the shoes of, take a leaf out of another's book, strike in with, follow suit; take after, model after; emulate. |
Indication | Exposition; (explanation), proof; (evidence); pattern; (prototype). |
Normality | Noun: normality, normalcy, normalness; familiarity, naturalness; commonness (frequency); rule, standard (conformity); customary (habit); standard, pattern (prototype). |
Ornament | Pattern, diaper, powdering, paneling, graining, pargeting; detail; repousse (convexity); texture; richness; tracery, molding, fillet, listel, strapwork, coquillage, flourish, fleur-de-lis, arabesque, fret, anthemion; egg and tongue, egg and dart; astragal, zigzag, acanthus, cartouche; pilaster; (projection); bead, beading; champleve ware, cloisonne ware; frost work, Moresque, Morisco, tooling. |
Perfection | Model, standard, pattern, mirror, admirable Crichton; trump, very prince of. |
Prototype | Noun: prototype, original, model, pattern, precedent, standard, ideal, reference, scantling, type; archetype, protoplast, module, exemplar, example, ensample, paradigm; lay-figure. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | There is another organism on this planet that follows the same pattern. A virus (The Matrix; writing credit: Andy Wachowski and Larry Wachowski.) Do you know the pattern of this cloth (The Ten Commandments; writing credit: Charles Chaplin) You see a pattern emerging here Scully (The X Files; writing credit: Chris Carter; Frank Spotnitz) His pattern of behavior (The Emperor's New Groove; writing credit: Chris Williams; Mark Dindal) You'll end up hating him in three weeks because, I don't know, he has a weird chest hair pattern, or he doesn't like watching E (Will & Grace; writing credit: Evan Weinstein) | |
Lyrics | The pattern juggler lifts his hand; (THE COURT OF THE CRIMSON KING; performing artist: King Crimson) They Follow The Pattern Of (Man In The Mirror; performing artist: Michael Jackson; writing credit: Siedah Garrett and Glen Ballard) I move across the earth in my new pattern shirt (Bittersweet Me; performing artist: R.E.M.) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Pattern of Evil (1967) The Pattern of the Bank (1964) Introduction: A Pattern for Staying Alive (1958) The Pattern of Cooperation (1952) Pattern for Smartness (1948) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Shows photo of Dr. E. C. MacDowell and associates at the Carnegie Institute of Washington, Department of Genetics studying hereditary pattern of leukemia in 1935. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | PET scans at the level of the basal ganglia of a normal control (1) case 1 at the start (2) and after treatment with AZT (3). In (1) there is a homogeneous pattern of glucose metabolism in the frontal, temporal and occipital cortex and in the subcortical grey matter. At the onset of treatment with AZT (2) there is a heterogeneous pattern of glucose metabolism with a relative reduction in the posterior temporal and occipital regions and the thalamus. Thirteen weeks after treatment with AZT, the abnormal pattern has partly resolved (3). All images are scaled from zero to 100% of the maximum activity within the slice (scale shown on right of figure). Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | Laboratory worker reviewing DNA band pattern. Credit: CDC. |  | Note the shingle-like pattern of the wing, which promotes heightened aerodynamic lift during the insect's flight. Credit: CDC. |
 | These Hubble telescope pictures of comet Hale-Bopp show a remarkable "pinwheel" pattern and a ... Credit: NASA. |  | Early magnetic profiles from PIONEER surveys Shows repeating pattern and offset at Mendocino Fracture Zone Serendipitous that survey lines primarily east-west Otherwise magnetic striping would not have showed clearly. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Strange wave refraction pattern apparent in aerial photograph as swells encounter large merchant vessel. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Penobscot River mudflat at low tide showing pattern of tidal streams. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | The spilt of a tributary channel shows the beginning of a delta lobe. The restoration work is intended to create a delta pattern. This image illustrates the success of the project as demonstrated by the formation of the delta lobe. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Actinoform, radial or semi-radial , cloud pattern over the tropical central Pacific near 17.5N, 155W. Cloud pattern is roughly 200 miles in diameter. Picture of the Month, "Monthly Weather Review," April 1965. TIROS V, Pass 838/837, Camera 1, Frame 20. Credit: NOAA in Space. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Underwater Pattern" by Ruben Rodriguez Commentary: "Underwatter pattern with bubbles and reflections." | "Dome pattern" by Henry Yao Commentary: "Interior pattern on a dome on the mall in central park." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
 | A very 1960's style folk guitar strumming pattern. | | Electric and lap steel guitar techniques featuring muted notes and glissandi with constant percussion pattern. |
| Ascending piano pattern modulating through different keys with strings. | | Gassy and spacy sounds accompanying a repetitive keyboard pattern. |
| Metallic and low drums playing an ostinato pattern for a synthesized flute melody. | | Gamelan orchestra playing a repetitive melodic pattern. |
| A synthesized ascending sustained chordal pattern. | | A quick drum pattern played on a drum machine. |
| A combination of percussion, hollering, and stamping performed in a rhythmic pattern. | | A high-pitched African drum playing a fast rhythmic pattern. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Doris Lessing | If a fish is the movement of water embodied, given shape, then cat is a diagram and pattern of subtle air. |
Henry Ward Beecher | We sleep, but the loom of life never stops, and the pattern which was weaving when the sun went down is weaving when it comes up in the morning. |
Sir Philip Sidney | Alexander received more bravery of mind by the pattern of Achilles, than by hearing the definition of fortitude. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | VVho would not think it an admirable peace betwix the mighty and the mean, when the lamb, without resistance, yielded his throat to be torn by the imperious wolf? Polyphemus's den gives us a perfect pattern of such a peace, and such a government, wherein Ulysses and his companions had nothing to do, but quietly to suffer themselves to be devoured. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | They might be more safely held up as a pattern. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The checked pattern of that suspender came continually before his mind |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | If thou delight to view thy heinous deeds, Behold this pattern of thy butcheries |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Develop a regular pattern of bowel movements. (references) | |
In children, the pattern is somewhat different. (references) | ||
Some PIs have more than one pattern of inheritance. (references) | ||
Business | This consumption pattern is not expected to change much over the next few years. (references) | |
The following graphs show the general pattern of the construction service sector. (references) | ||
This skewed pattern of marketing efforts seems to apply to retailers as much as to vendors. (references) | ||
Children | Gambia | Authorities generally intervened when cases of child abuse or mistreatment were brought to their attention; however, there was no societal pattern of abuse against children. (references) |
Yugoslavia | Traditionally there has been no societal pattern of abuse of children; reportedly there has been an increase in the incidence of child abuse. (references) | |
Spain | There appears to be no societal pattern of abuse of children. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Laos | In the southern part of the country, the authorities generally tolerated diverse religious practices; however, a pattern of petty local harassment persists in some areas. (references) |
Burma | The riots followed the same pattern as those in Sittwe. (references) | |
Laos | Such cards tend to reinforce a pattern of societal discrimination against the refugees. (references) | |
Discrimination | Mexico | Gay rights groups claim that the police in Monterrey demonstrated a pattern of abuse of gay men, lesbians and transvestites. (references) |
Economic History | Romania | Foreign investors are entitled to establish wholly foreign-owned enterprises in Romania (although joint ventures are the normal pattern) and to convert and repatriate 100 percent of after-tax profits. (references) |
Samoa | The 1960 constitution (which formally came into force with independence) is based on the British pattern of parliamentary democracy, modified to take account of Samoan customs. (references) | |
Human Rights | Zambia | The report detailed a pattern of widespread torture during the coup investigation and highlighted systemic problems that created a climate of impunity for torture. (references) |
Congo | Reports from former detainees indicate a systematic pattern of beatings, undernourishment, and deliberate killings in these houses. (references) | |
Ecuador | In some instances, there was insufficient evidence to reach a conclusion as to what occurred; however, the killings sometimes exhibited a suspicious pattern, especially with respect to a number of unidentified bodies found along the highway around the perimeter of Guayaquil. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Australia | Human rights groups have alleged a pattern of mistreatment and arbitrary arrests occurring against a backdrop of systematic discrimination. (references) |
Minorities | Croatia | Ethnic minorities enjoy the same constitutional protections as other self-identified ethnic and religious groups; however, in practice a pattern of open and sometimes severe discrimination continued against ethnic Serbs in several areas, including in the administration of justice, employment, housing, and freedom of movement. (references) |
India | An official inquiry by the National Commission for Minorities into the roughly 400 attacks on Christians between December 1998 and December 2000, found only random acts of unconnected violence, not a pattern of religiously motivated hate crimes. (references) | |
Political Economy | Kuwait | Overcrowding in the prisons continued to be a problem; however, the Government neared completion on two new buildings for the Central Prison, which were expected to open by May 2002, and finalized plans for three additional buildings scheduled to be built between February and December 2002. The judiciary is subject to government influence, and a pattern of bias against foreign residents exists. (references) |
Ecuador | Since civilian rule was re-established, a pattern has emerged in which administrations of the center-left alternate with those of the center-right as the electorate searches for ways to make necessary economic changes at minimal social cost. (references) | |
FINLAND | Its government procurement practices have been consistent with EU policies and there has been no pattern of discrimination against U.S. businesses. (references) | |
Political Rights | Kyrgyz Republic | A pattern emerged whereby local Coalition representatives were denied admittance to polling places when the polls opened, then were allowed to enter later in the day after they sought relief through the courts, then again were denied access on technical grounds at the end of the voting day. (references) |
Belarus | As the OSCE/ODIHR noted, "The majority of those who voted could vote in an orderly fashion...however, the pattern of incidents that occurred in early voting continued on election day, obstructing monitoring and observation efforts, and calling into question the integrity of the voting process." OSCE/ODIHR noted widespread violations including presigned ballot papers, group voting, and the influence of unauthorized persons (such as police) assisting or directing the work of the polling station. (references) | |
Trade | Norway | Samples carried by a commercial traveler, as well as pattern books and pattern cards, must be declared immediately upon arrival in the country. (references) |
Travel | Eq. Guinea | Equatorial Guinea has a poorly developed private sector, and its business community closely follows a Spanish colonial pattern of behavior. (references) |
Korea | These names usually follow the Chinese pattern of a surname followed by two given names. (references) | |
Vietnam | Generally, the farther one is from the center of the table, the less important one is. Sometimes the meeting will take place in a formal meeting room where there are chairs arranged in a 'U' pattern. (references) | |
Worker Rights | India | There is a growing pattern of trafficking in child prostitutes from Nepal. (references) |
Cyprus | A similar pattern existed in the recruitment and hiring of Eastern European women to work in the Turkish Cypriot community, and reports persisted regarding the coercion of nightclub workers, such as the confiscation of victims' passports. (references) | |
Mali | These negotiations usually set the pattern for unions outside the UNTM. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Michael J. Fox | Right. Well, you know, in a way, what I was really saying was that, when something enters your life, that your life is kind of in a set pattern, and this pattern may or may not be working. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Its work must be amplified to fill in the whole pattern that has been outlined. |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | By continuing to revitalize our traditional friendships, and by our missions to Peking and to Moscow, we were able to establish the base for a new and more durable pattern of relationships among the nations of the world. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | A pattern of overspending has been in place for half a century. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Pattern" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.98% of the time. "Pattern" is used about 9,088 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.98% | 9,086 | 1,048 |
| Total | 100.00% | 9,088 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "pattern": aerial search pattern ♦ air traffic pattern ♦ approach pattern ♦ behavior pattern ♦ behaviour pattern ♦ bit pattern ♦ checked pattern ♦ design pattern ♦ diamond pattern ♦ diamond pattern knurling ♦ diaper pattern ♦ dim pattern ♦ dispersed movement pattern ♦ dispersion pattern ♦ display pattern ♦ disruptive pattern ♦ dress pattern ♦ eye pattern ♦ Fiddle pattern ♦ field work pattern ♦ flat pattern ♦ grapevine pattern ♦ height pattern ♦ hereditary pattern ♦ herringbone pattern ♦ holding pattern ♦ identical pattern ♦ intonation pattern ♦ landing pattern ♦ linear pattern ♦ Linen pattern ♦ moiré pattern ♦ napkin pattern ♦ nonconductive pattern ♦ oscilloscope eye pattern ♦ pattern after ♦ pattern bombing ♦ pattern book ♦ pattern box ♦ pattern card ♦ pattern chain ♦ pattern cylinder ♦ pattern directed invocation ♦ pattern laying ♦ pattern maker ♦ pattern matching ♦ pattern of employment ♦ pattern painting ♦ pattern prototype ♦ pattern reader ♦ Pattern Recognition ♦ pattern repeat ♦ pattern sheet ♦ pattern wheel ♦ pressure pattern flying ♦ racetrack holding pattern ♦ radiated field pattern ♦ radiation pattern ♦ replacing pattern in the mould ♦ rhythmic pattern ♦ sand sticking to pattern ♦ speech pattern ♦ standard pattern ♦ straight line pattern ♦ Stress Pattern Processing ♦ tailored to the same pattern ♦ test pattern ♦ To pattern after ♦ tonal pattern ♦ traffic pattern ♦ trellis drainage pattern ♦ Unitary Pattern Appreciation ♦ v.Helmholtz checkerboard pattern ♦ varying pattern ♦ wage pattern ♦ wax pattern dyeing ♦ willow pattern. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "pattern": pattern-bomb, pattern-book, pattern-books, pattern-borders, pattern-controlling, pattern-creating, pattern-cutter, pattern-cutting, pattern-directed, pattern-forming, pattern-maker, pattern-makers, pattern-making, pattern-matching, pattern-note, pattern-notes, pattern-plate, pattern-race, pattern-recognition, pattern-recognizing, pattern-searching, pattern-shop, pattern-stuff, pattern-watching. | |
Ending with "pattern": bit-pattern, field-pattern, willow-pattern. | |
Containing "pattern": background-pattern-pattern-background. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
free crochet pattern | 3,148 | dress pattern | 501 |
sewing pattern | 2,311 | free craft pattern | 451 |
quilt pattern | 2,023 | butterick pattern | 427 |
pattern | 1,858 | wood working pattern | 396 |
free quilt pattern | 1,800 | scroll saw pattern | 389 |
stained glass pattern | 1,599 | kitting free pattern | 371 |
crochet pattern | 1,581 | free quilting pattern | 365 |
free cross stitch pattern | 1,581 | male pattern baldness | 309 |
cross stitch pattern | 1,110 | plastic canvas pattern | 294 |
simplicity pattern | 966 | tattoo pattern | 288 |
mccalls pattern | 903 | clothing pattern | 283 |
knitting pattern | 864 | wood pattern | 279 |
free pattern | 854 | embroidery pattern | 273 |
craft pattern | 729 | free scroll saw pattern | 269 |
free sewing pattern | 720 | bead pattern | 253 |
quilting pattern | 681 | wedding dress pattern | 242 |
free knitting pattern | 679 | wood craft pattern | 242 |
free stained glass pattern | 628 | china pattern | 237 |
free pattern for plastic canvas | 561 | curtain pattern | 235 |
vogue pattern | 510 | free wood working pattern | 207 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "pattern"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | skema (model, scheme), patroon (banality, platitude, stencil, template, templet). (various references) | |
Albanian | përngjaj (look like, resemble), zbukuroj me lajle, yrnek (model), strukturë (conformation, construction, contexture, fabric, frame, framework, grain, make up, set, set up, skeleton, state, structure), stil (class, cut, fashion, genre, hand, make, manner, panache, style), sistem (framework, method, model, scheme, system), motiv (course, motif, motive, persuasive, reason, spring, theme), mostër (model, prill, sample, sampling, snip, specimen), modeloj (frame, model, shape), model (cast, classic, classical, copybook, example, exemplar, fashion, figure, make, model, Mold, mould, norm, paradigm, paragon, pilot, sample, sampler, shape, style, type), kopjoj (calk, copy, crib, duplicate, facsimile, imitate, replicate, transcribe, transfer, write out), kampion (champ, champion, sample, whiz, whizz), kallëp (bar, block, cake, form, frame, ingot, last, Mold, mould, shape, stamp), dizenjo, bëj sipas modelit. (various references) | |
Arabic | مثال (copy, epitome, example, exemplar, ideal, image, model, paradigm, picture, quintessence, specimen, symbol, type), نموذج (byword, copy, example, exemplar, instance, layout, mock up, model, norm, paradigm, piece, run, sample, specimen, standard, token, type), نمط (fashion, manner, modality, style, type), نحت (boast, carving, chisel, erode, gouge, incise, scratch, sculpt, sculpture), قولب (press, stereotype), قالب سبك, قدوة (example, model), حاكى (burlesque, copy, emulate, imitate, mimic, simulate, take off), زين (apparel, bedeck, deck, dress, enhance, figure, gem, grace, hang, invest, ornament, paint, pipe, plate, prettify, prink, smarten, trick, trim, varnish), عينة (piece, sample, snip, specimen, specious, swab, taking), صمم (block out, deafness, design, devise, engineer, mold, mould, plan, premeditate, project, promise, resolve, rough, sketch, will), إقتدى (model), أسلوب (archaism, character, diction, flair, genre, language, manner, method, mode, phraseology, regimen, sort, strain, style, stylization, technique, tone), رسم (block, charge, daub, depict, depiction, describe, description, design, draft, draught, draw, drawing, etch, etching, exhibit, figure to oneself, formalize, image, impost, lay, lay out, limn, line, mark out, pencil, picture, plotter, portray, portrayal, protract, scrawl, sketch, tableau, trace, trace over, weave). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | образец (copy, epitome, example, exemplar, form, ideal, mirror, model, mould, norm, paradigm, paragon, piece, sample, sampling, scantling, shape, specimen, swatch, type), десен (figure, forehand, forehanded, off, right, right hand, right handed, rightward), десенирам (figure), парче плат, подражавам на (mimi |
