Patronage

Definitions: Patronage

Patronage

Noun

1. The act of providing approval and support; "his vigorous backing of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives".

2. Customers collectively; "they have an upper class clientele".

3. A communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient.

4. (politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support.

5. The business given to a commercial establishment by its customers: "even before noon there was a considerable patronage".

Verb

1. Support by being a patron of.

2. Be a regular customer or client of; "We patronize this store"; "Our sponsor kept our art studio going for as long as he could".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "patronage" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references)

Business

Law

Statistics

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Synonyms: Patronage

Aid

Patronage, championship, countenance, favor, interest, advocacy.

Authority

Noun: authority; influence, patronage, power, preponderance, credit, prestige, prerogative, jurisdiction; right; (title); direction; government; a.

Influence

Tower of strength, host in himself; protection, patronage, auspices.

Crosswords: Patronage

French (patronage, protection, sponsorship), German (patronage).

Under Royal Patronage (1914)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Books

• Antonio Canova and the Politics of Patronage in Revolutionary and Napoleonic Europe (reference)

• Cultural Leadership in America: Art Matronage and Patronage (reference)

• Horace and the Gift Economy of Patronage (Classics and Contemporary Thought) (reference)

• Masters and Servants: Class and Patronage in the Making of a Labour Organization (reference)

• Patronage in Renaissance Italy: From 1400 to the Early Sixteenth Century (reference)

  (more book examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Business

Such seminars can be held under the patronage of the U.S. Embassy's Technical Sales Seminar (TSS). These programs are primarily product launches with the Embassy offering venue and client search support. (references)

Credit card companies do not like to handle small amount transactions (which will typically be 100-300 yen from consumers for this business); most high school students, the main patronage for music industries, do not have credit cards. (references)

Civil Liberties

Armenia

However, newspapers operate with extremely limited resources, and none are completely independent of patronage from economic or political interest groups or individuals. (references)

Ukraine

The dependence of some of the press on government patronage has inhibited criticism, particularly at the local level. (references)

Mauritius

While the Government is secular in both name and practice, for political reasons in the past it has favored the Hindu majority of the population with greater access to government patronage; however, there were no reports that this practice occurred during the year. (references)

Economic History

Indonesia

However, prior to the 1997-98 financial crisis, the Soeharto-era patronage system served as an informal but often predictable substitute for a properly functioning legal system. (references)

Nigeria

Some airline operators, in anticipation of increased patronage, are seeking serviceable but reliable aircraft to replenish their fleet and the U.S. aviation market will be the first choice. (references)

Ukraine

Local and regional governments, who view large state-controlled enterprises within their jurisdictions as an important tool for political influence and patronage, resist surrendering the control that privatization implies. (references)

Human Rights

Pakistan

New officers only receive 6 months of training, and many hires are the result of political patronage rather than merit. (references)

Honduras

Modest progress was made in previous years toward implementing a judicial career system to enhance the qualifications of sitting judges; depoliticize the appointment process; and address problems of corruption, clientism, patronage, and influence-peddling within the judiciary. (references)

Yemen

In June under the patronage of the new Minister of State for Human Rights and in association with the International Human Rights Legal Group and the Arab human rights forum al-Shakiq conducted a 3-day program on protecting female prisoners' rights. (references)

Minorities

Nigeria

Traditional linkages continued to impose considerable pressure on individual government officials to favor their own ethnic groups for important positions and patronage. (references)

Political Economy

Azerbaijan

The Government continues to affirm its commitment to development of a market economy, but widespread corruption and patronage reduce competition, and the absence of essential reforms has limited economic development outside the oil and gas sector, which accounts for over 90 percent of the country's export revenues. (references)

Azerbaijan

Severe disparities of income have emerged that are attributed partly to patronage and corruption. (references)

Political Rights

Seychelles

The opposition parties have been unable to match the SPPF's organization and patronage, in part because of financial limitations. (references)

Haiti

Increasingly, affiliation with the FL is considered necessary for employment by the Government, and political patronage is widespread. (references)

Singapore

The PAP also maintains its complete control of the political process by other means, including patronage, strong political influence over the press and reported influence over the courts, and restrictions on opposition political activities. (references)

Worker Rights

Guinea

Union officials are selected on the basis of nepotism and patronage, rather than through a hierarchy of competence; these individuals are not sensitized to the rights of workers, and often view unions as an enemy of the Government. (references)

Dominican Republic

Included in this number is a smaller, specialized corps (eight in Santo Domingo) of inspectors for the FTZ's. Inspector positions customarily are filled through political patronage, and bribes from businesses are common. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Expressions using "patronage": have the patronage ♦ have the patronage of ♦ under the patronage ♦ under the patronage of. Additional references.

Albanian

patronazh, përkrahje (abetment, advocacy, aliment, backing, backup, boost, buttress, championship, espousal, Favor, favour, furtherance, intercession, paternalism, promotion, prop, protection, push, support), mbrojtje (advocacy, aegis, apology, assertion, Buckler, championship, conservation, cover, defence, defense, keeping, protection, rampart, safeguard, security, tutelage, umbrella), klientelë (clientage, clientele, custom). (various references)

Arabic 

‏كفالة (bail, bond, custody, guarantee, guaranty, retainer, security, sponsorship, surety, warranty), ‏كنف (auspices, care, protection), ‏مناصرة (assistance), ‏محاباة الأقارب والأصدقاء, ‏حماية (defence, defense, guard, guardianship, insurance, preservation, protection, safeguard, security, sheltering), ‏تحت رعاية, ‏المحسوبية, ‏المحاباة في التوظيف, ‏المحاباة, ‏الزبائن (customers, patron), ‏رعاية (auspices, care, charge, cultivation, custody, favor, favour, inspection, nursing, protection, sponsor, sponsorship, tutorship, ward). (various references)

Bulgarian 

клиентела (clientage, clientele, connection, connexion, custom, practice, trade), протекция (protection, push, umbrella, ward), посетители (turnout), покровителство (aegis, auspices, favour, protection, protectorship, shadow), подкрепа от страна на клиенти, подкрепа (advocacy, aid, backing, championship, comfort, corroboration, help, maintenance, promotion, prop, support, sustentation, umbrella, yeoman service), подпомагане (aid, assistance, facilitation, furtherance, helping, lift, subvention), патронаж. (various references)

Chinese 

光顾 (Patronize, Patronized, Patronizing). (various references)

Czech

přízeò (Favor, favour, goodwill, grace, respect), patronát (auspices), ochrana (Buckler, condom, escort, guardianship, hedge, protection, shield, umbrella, ward), klientela (clientele, custom). (various references)

Danish

protektion, antal passagerer. (various references)

Dutch

patronaat, vervoerspatroon, bescherming (aegis, auspices, protection, safety precaution, shelter, shield, shielding, support), beschermheerschap, begunstiging (auspices, favor, favour, favourable treatment, protection, support), auspiciën (auspices, protection, support). (various references)

Esperanto

aŭspicio (auspices, protection, support). (various references)

Faeroese

vernd (auspices, protection, support). (various references)

Farsi 

پشتیبانی , قیمومت (Mandate, Protectorate, Tutelage), حمایت (Aid, Auspices, Lee, Shelter), سرپرستی (Protectorate, Supervision, Tutelage). (various references)

Finnish

matkustajamäärä. (various references)

French

patronage, népotisme. (various references)

German

Schirmherrschaft (auspices, protectorate, sponsorship), Gönnerschaft. (various references)

Greek 

προστασία (aegis, auspice, auspices, conservation, defence, internment, prevention, prophylaxis, protection, safeguard, segregation, shield, shielding, sponsorship), υποστήριξη (backing, countenance, frame, maintenance, propping, rib, staking, stay, stiffening, strutting, sturdy rib, subvention, support, yoke). (various references)

Hebrew 

פטרו� ות (guardianship), חסות (auspices, protection, refuge, sponsorship). (various references)

Hungarian

védnökség (sponsorship), pártfogás (advocacy, auspices, countenance, favor, favour, support). (various references)

Indonesian

perlindungan (aegis, armature, protection). (various references)

Italian

patrocinio (advocacy, defence, defense, pleading, sponsorship). (various references)

Japanese Kanji 

賛助 (support), 肩入れ (backing, support), �"�" (favour, partiality), 庇護 (protection), 恩顧 (favour), 愛顧 (favour), 取り立て (collection), 引き立て (favor), 保護 (care, favor, guardianship, protection, shelter). (various references)

Japanese Katakana 

お�"�" (favour), ひきたて (favor), ひいき (favour, partiality), ひ�" (baseless rumor, gossip, protection, rumour, slang, vulgar expression, vulgarism), さ�"じょ (cutting away, support, third daughter), ほ�" (care, complement, favor, guardianship, protection, scrap paper, shelter, wastepaper), かたいれ (backing, support), あい�" (draw, favour, tie), とりたて (collection). (various references)

Korean 

후원 (Boost, Seconding, sponsorship). (various references)

Manx

patroonys, jeih-aighney, custameyrys. (various references)

Pig Latin

atronagepay

Portuguese

patrocínio (sponsoring, sponsorship). (various references)

Romanian

protecţie (defence, pap, protection, push, safeguard, safety, saving, security, shelter, support), patronaj (auspice, protection, sponsorship), vizitatori (company), sprijin (aid, assistance, backing, comfort, furtherance, help, ministration, prop, reliance, reposal, saddle, service, staff, stay, strength, succor, succour, support, supporter), drept de patronaj, condescendenţã (condescension), clientelã (clientele, connection, constituency, custom, goodwill, patients), bunãvoinţã (amiability, amicableness, benevolence, charity, clemency, condescension, friendliness, good will, goodwill, grace, graciousness, humanity, kindness, readiness, stoop, willingness), auspicii (auspice), afaceri (business, dealing). (various references)

Russian 

протекция. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian

pokroviteljstvo (sponsorship), patronat (sponsership), patronaža, zaštita (advocacy, aegis, care, defence, lee, protection, safeguard). (various references)

Spanish

patrocinio (sponsoring, sponsorship). (various references)

Swedish

beskydd (auspices, protection). (various references)

Turkish

tenezzül (condescension), müşterisi olma (custom), koruma (aegis, asylum, auspices, bodyguard, conservancy, conservation, convoy, covering, custody, defending, defense, escort, Favor, favour, guard, guarding, indemnity, keeping, lifeguard, maintenance, preservation, protection, protective, retention, safeguard, safekeeping, shade, shadow, shield, tutelage, umbrella), himaye (asylum, auspices, care, defence, keep, keeping, protection, safeguard, shield, sponsorship), atama hakkı. (various references)

Turkmen 

howandarlyk (relationship). (various references)

Ukranian 

шефство, опікування (custody, guardianship, ward, wardship), заступництво (auspices, favour, pleading, protection, protectorate, protectorship, proxy, push, shelter). (various references)

Vietnamese 

vẻ hạ cố, vẻ bề trên, sự bảo trợ (ward, wardship), sự đỡ đầu sự lui tới của khách h� ng quen quyền ban chức cho giáo sĩ. (various references)

Welsh

nawddogaeth (protection), nawdd (auspices, protection). (various references)

ubara. (various references)

patrocinium. (various references)

Derivations

Words beginning with "patronage": patronages. (additional references)

Misspellings

"Patronage" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: partronage, Patonga, patrionage, Patronale, Petriaggi. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

-1 letter: tragopan.

-2 letters: apogean, negator, operant, pageant, paragon, portage, pronate, protean, tanager, trepang.

-3 letters: agnate, agorae, angora, aortae, apnoea, argent, arpent, atoner, enrapt, entrap, garnet, garote, onager, orange, organa, orgeat, ornate, parang, parent, parget, partan, parton, patron, potage, protea, ragtop, tarpan, tarpon, teopan, tonger, trapan, trepan.

-4 letters: agape, agate, agent, agone, agora, anear, anger, antae, antra, antre, aorta, apart, apnea, aport, apron, apter, arena, argon, argot, arpen, atone, ergot, gaper, gator, genoa, genro, goner, grana, grant, grape, grate, great, groan, groat, grope, netop, noter, oaten, oater, opera, orang, orate, organ, paean, paeon, pagan, pager, panga, panto, parae, pareo, parge, pargo, paten, pater, peart, pengo, prang, prate, prone, prong, range, ratan, reata, regna, repot, retag, tango, taper, targe, tenor, terga, togae, toner, tonga, toper, trona, trone, trope.

-5 letters: aeon, aero, agar, ager, agon, anga, anoa, anta, ante, aper, area, atap, atop, earn, ergo, etna, gaen, gane, gape, gate, gear, gent, geta, gnar, gnat, goat, goer, gone, gore, gorp, gran, grat, grot, nape, neap, near, neat, nope, nota, note, ogre, open, page, pane, pang, pant, para, pare, part, pate, peag, pean, pear, peat, pent, peon, pert, poet, pone, pong, pore, porn, port, prao, prat, proa, prog, raga, rage, rang, rant, rape, rapt, rate, rato, reap, rent, repo, roan, rope, rota, rote, tang, tapa, tape, tare, tarn, taro, tarp, tear, tepa, tern, toea, toga, tone, tong, tope, tora, tore, torn, trap, trop.

+1 letter: patronages.

+2 letters: evaporating, pomegranate.

+3 letters: magnetograph, pomegranates.

+4 letters: cinematograph, extrapolating, magnetographs, protolanguage, spermatogonia.

+5 letters: cinematographs, cinematography, ethnographical, progestational, protolanguages, spermatogonial.

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