Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Pascal |
PascalNoun1. A unit of pressure equal to one newton per square meter. 2. French mathematician and philosopher; invented an adding machine; contributed (with Fermat) to the theory of probability (1623-1662). 3. A programing language designed to teach programming through a top-down modular approach. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
"Pascal" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "having to do with Easter or Passover". |
Date "pascal" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1660. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Pascal n. An Algol-descended language designed by Niklaus Wirth on the CDC 6600 around 1967-68 as an instructional tool for elementary programming. This language, designed primarily to keep students from shooting themselves in the foot and thus extremely restrictive from a general-purpose-programming point of view, was later promoted as a general-purpose tool and, in fact, became the ancestor of a large family of languages including Modula-2 and {Ada (see also bondage-and-discipline language). The hackish point of view on Pascal was probably best summed up by a devastating (and, in its deadpan way, screamingly funny) 1981 paper by Brian Kernighan (of K&R fame) entitled "Why Pascal is Not My Favorite Programming Language", which was turned down by the technical journals but circulated widely via photocopies. It was eventually published in "Comparing and Assessing Programming Languages", edited by Alan Feuer and Narain Gehani (Prentice-Hall, 1984). Part of his discussion is worth repeating here, because its criticisms are still apposite to Pascal itself after many years of improvement and could also stand as an indictment of many other bondage-and-discipline languages. (The entire essay is available at `http://www.lysator.liu.se/c/bwk-on-pascal.html'.) At the end of a summary of the case against Pascal, Kernighan wrote: 9. There is no escape This last point is perhaps the most important. The language is inadequate but circumscribed, because there is no way to escape its limitations. There are no casts to disable the type-checking when necessary. There is no way to replace the defective run-time environment with a sensible one, unless one controls the compiler that defines the "standard procedures". The language is closed. People who use Pascal for serious programming fall into a fatal trap. Because the language is impotent, it must be extended. But each group extends Pascal in its own direction, to make it look like whatever language they really want. Extensions for separate compilation, FORTRAN-like COMMON, string data types, internal static variables, initialization, octal numbers, bit operators, etc., all add to the utility of the language for one group but destroy its portability to others. I feel that it is a mistake to use Pascal for anything much beyond its original target. In its pure form, Pascal is a toy language, suitable for teaching but not for real programming. Pascal has since been entirely displaced (mainly by C) from the niches it had acquired in serious applications and systems programming, and from its role as a teaching language by Java. Source: Jargon File. |
Chemistry | A unit of stress, 1 pascal equals 10 dynes per square cm, equals 1 newton per square m. Source: European Union. (references) |
Medicine | Unit of sound pressure, which is the same as a Newton per square metre. Source: European Union. (references) |
Public Administration | The unit of pressure;1 Pa is equal to 1 newton per m2; At sea level the mean atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa(1 kPa is 1. 000 Pa). Source: European Union. (references) |
Science | Unit of atmospheric pressure named in honor of Blaise Pascal (1632-1662), whose experiments greatly increased knowledge of the atmosphere. A pascal is the force of one newton acting on a surface area of one square meter. It is the unit of pressure designated by the International System. 100,000 Pa = 1000 mb = 1 bar. See atmospheric pressure, millibar. (Pa). (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
See also: Pascal's wager, Pascal (unit), Pascal programming language
Blaise Pascal (June 19, 1623 - August 19, 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist and religious philosopher. His contributions to the natural sciences include the construction of mechanical calculators, considerations on probability theory, studies of fluids, and clarification of concepts such as pressure and vacuum. Following a profound religious experience in 1654, Pascal abandoned mathematics and physics for philosophy and theology.
Born in Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme, France, Blaise Pascal lost his mother at the age of three. His mathematician father, Étienne Pascal (1588 - 1651), brought him up. Blaise Pascal was the brother of Jacqueline Pascal (1625 - 1661).
Computer historians recognize his contribution to their field as his construction at the age of 18 of a mechanical calculator capable of addition and subtraction (the Zwinger museum, in Dresden, Germany exhibits one of his original mechanical calculators). He also produced a treatise on conic sections as a young man. In 1654, prompted by a friend interested in gambling problems, he corresponded with Fermat and laid out a simple account of probabilities.
He later formulated Pascal's wager, an argument for the belief in God based on probabilities. Pascal's triangle, a way to present binomial coefficients, also bears his name, though mathematicians knew binomial coefficients long before his time.
His notable contributions to the fields of the study of fluids (hydrodynamics and hydrostatics) centered around the principles of hydraulic fluids. His inventions include the hydraulic press (using hydraulic pressure to multiply force) and the syringe. He clarified concepts such as pressure (the unit of which bears his name) and vacuum.
In 1650, suffering from frail health, Pascal retired from mathematics. However, in 1653, his health recovered and he wrote Traité du triangle arithmétique in which he described the "arithmetical triangle" that bears his name.
Following an accident at the Neuilly bridge where the horses plunged over the parapet but the carriage miraculously survived in 1654, Pascal abandoned mathematics and physics for philosophy and theology. In 1660, King Louis XIV of France ordered the shredding and burning of Pascal's The Provincial Letters, a defense of the Jansenist Antoine Arnauld.
Pascal never completed his most influential work, the Pensées, but a version of his notes for that book appeared in print in 1670, eight years after his death, and it soon became a classic of devotional literature.
Pascal also attained fame for his attack on casuistry, a popular ethical method used by Catholic thinkers in the early modern period, (especially the Jesuits). Pascal denounced casuistry as the mere use of complex reasoning to justify moral laxity. His writings on this subject appeared as the Lettres provinciales, or "Provincial Letters."
Pascal died in Paris on August 19, 1662 and is buried there in the St. Étienne-du-Mont cemetery.
External links and references
- Etext of Pascal's Pensées (English)
- Etext of Pascal's Lettres Provinciales (English)
- Pascal by J H Broome ISBN 0713150211
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Blaise Pascal."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
- This article is about the unit of pressure. For other uses see Pascal (disambiguation)
The pascal (symbol Pa) is the SI unit of pressure. It is equivalent to one newton per square metre. The unit is named after Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician, physicist and philosopher.
Since 1 Pa is a small pressure, the unit hectopascal (symbol hPa) is more widely used, especially in meteorology. The unit kilopascal (symbol kPa) is also in common use.
The same unit is used to measure stress, Young's modulus and tensile strength.
- 1 hectopascal = 100 pascal = 1 millibar.
- 1 kilopascal = 1000 pascal
Examples of various values (approximately)
0.5 Pa Atmospheric pressure on Pluto (1988 figure; very roughly) 10 (really 9,81) Pa The pressure at a depth of 1 mm of water 1 kPa Atmospheric pressure on Mars 10 kPa The pressure at a depth of 1 m of water, or
the drop in air pressure when going from sea level to 1000 m elevation100 kPa Atmospheric pressure at sea level 10 MPa Pressure washer forces out water at this pressure 100 MPa Pressure at bottom of Marianas Trench, about 10 km under ocean 10 GPa Diamond forms 100 GPa Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
Comparison to other units of pressure
1 bar 100,000 Pa 1 millibar 100 Pa 1 atmosphere 101,325 Pa 1 mm Hg* 133 Pa 1 inch Hg* 3,386 Pa *rounded
External links
[http://www.ex.ac.uk/cimt/dictunit/ccpress.htm Conversion Calculator for Units of PRESSURE & STRESS]
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pascal."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Pascal is the surname of the French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal.
In context, Pascal can also be:
- A unit of pressure
- The Pascal programming language
See also
- Pascal's triangle in binomial coefficient
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pascal (disambiguation)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In computer science, Pascal is one of the landmark programming languages on which generations of students cut their teeth and variants of which are still widely used today. TeX and much of the original Macintosh operating system were written in Pascal.Niklaus Wirth developed it in 1970 to enable structured programming that would be easier for a compiler to process. Pascal is based on the Algol programming language and is named in honor of mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal. Wirth also developed Modula-2 and Oberon, languages similar to Pascal which also support object-oriented programming.
Basic Syntax
A common example of a language's syntax is the Hello world program.
program HelloWorld; begin WriteLn('Hello World!'); end.All programs start with the "Program" keyword, and a block of code is indicated with the "Begin" / "End" keywords. Case is ignored in the Pascal language. Semicolons separate statements, and the period ends the program (or unit). For some compilers the Program line is optional.
Pascal, in its original form, is a purely procedural language with the standard array of if, while, for, and related constructs.
Pascal and C
Pascal was developed around the same time as C, and there are important similarities between the two. Original Pascal and straight C are both small, procedural languages implementing structured programming concepts. Both have functionality for the dynamic allocation of memory and some form of pointer manipulation. But the languages have a distinctly different appearance, with C being much more terse.One difference that is a source of holy wars is Pascal's use of := for assignment, with = used for comparison. This contrasts with C's use of = for assignment and for comparison. Because = effectively serves both purposes in mathematics, people often use that shorter symbol when the other one (either := in Pascal or in C) is really what is wanted. The designers of C argued that assignment is much more common than comparison, so that it should have the shorter symbol. Pascal supporters argue that accidentally making an assignment can be much more harmful than accidentally performing a comparison, which is certainly true if, as in C, an assignment is perfectly legal inside the test of an if statement.
This debate reflects the differences in design philosophy of the two languages. Pascal was designed, in part, as a teaching language. Error-prone constructs were carefully avoided, and an effort was made to make the syntax easy to understand. The authors of C placed more of an emphasis on brevity.
Another major difference is that Pascal is strongly typed. This means that all variables must be defined with a specific type before they can be used. Also, incompatible variable assignments are not allowed without an explicit type-cast. This prevents common errors where variables are used incorrectly because the type is unknown. It also alleviates the need for Hungarian notation - the practice of prefixing variable names with type-identifying letters.
Unlike C, Pascal permits nested function definitions. In its original form, Pascal lacked a mechanism for separate compilation or for handling arrays with a size unknown at compile time, but for decades versions of the language have been used that had alleviated or eliminated these problems.
Implementations
Early approaches (most notably the UCSD p-System) translated Pascal code into a machine-independent p-Code representation. This intermediate code was then interpreted by a program specific to each architecture. As a consequence, only the small interpreter part had to be ported to many architectures.In the 1980s Anders Hejlsberg wrote the Blue Label Pascal compiler for the Nascom-2. Later he went to work for Borland and rewrote his compiler to become Turbo Pascal for the IBM PC. This new compiler sold for $49, which was much less than the price Hejlsberg originally asked for the Blue Label Pascal compiler.
The inexpensive Borland compiler had a large influence on the Pascal community that began concentrating mainly on the IBM PC in the late 1980s. Many PC hobbyists in search of a structured replacement for BASIC used this product. Turbo Pascal, being available only on one architecture, translated directly to Intel 8088 machine code, making it much faster than interpreted schemes.
During the 1990s compilers that could be re-targeted to different hardware architectures became more prevalent. This allowed for Pascal translation to native machine code that was at the same time easily ported to new hardware.
With Turbo Pascal version 5 Borland added object orientation to Pascal.
However, Borland later decided it wanted more elaborate object-oriented features, and started over in Delphi using the Object Pascal draft standard proposed by Apple as a basis. (This Apple draft isn't a formal standard yet.) Borland also called this Object Pascal in the first Delphi versions, but changed the name to Delphi programming language in later versions. The main changes compared to the older OOP extensions were a reference-based object model, virtual constructors and destructors, and properties. There are several other compilers implementing this dialect: see Delphi programming language.
Publicly available compilers
Several Pascal compilers are available for the use of general public:
- FreePascal is written in Pascal (so that it compiles itself), and is aimed at providing a convenient and powerful compiler, able both to compile legacy applications and to be the means of develop new ones. Also distributed freely under the GNU GPL. It can mix Turbo Pascal with Delphi code, and supports a lot of platforms and operating systems.
- Turbo Pascal was the dominant Pascal compiler for PCs during the 80s and early 90s, popular both because of its powerful extensions and extremely low compilation times. Currently, older versions of Turbo Pascal (up to 5.5) are available for free download from Borland's site (registration required).
- GNU Pascal Compiler (GPC) is an additional front-end to the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), and is written in C. Distributed freely under the GNU General Public License. The Borland/Turbo Pascal support is somewhat limited though.
- Delphi is Borland's flagship RAD (Rapid Application Development) product. It uses the Delphi programming language, descended from Pascal, to create applications for the windows platform. The latest version also supports compiling to the .NET platform
- Kylix is Borland's newest reiteration of the Pascal branch of their products. It is the descendant of Delphi, with support for the Linux operating system and an improved object library. The compiler and the IDE are available now for non-commercial use. The compiler (but not the library or the IDE) is supposed to become Open Source software some time soon.
Past Criticism
While very popular (although more so in the 1980s and early 1990s than at the time of writing), early versions of Pascal have been widely criticised for being unsuitable for "serious" use outside of teaching. Brian Kernighan, co-creator of the C programming language, outlined his most notable criticisms of Pascal as early as 1981, in his paper Why Pascal Is Not My Favorite Programming Language. Since that time Pascal has continued to evolve and most of his points do not apply to current implementations.
Many uninformed people still subscribe to the old belief that Pascal is not for "serious" programming and do not realize the benefits it currently offers. This stigma, more than any actual deficiency, is Pascal's biggest liability.
Further reading
- Brian W. Kernighan, Why Pascal is Not My Favorite Programming Language http://www.lysator.liu.se/c/bwk-on-pascal.html
- How To Code: Pascal http://www.allegro.com/papers/htpp.html
See also
- Algol programming language
- C programming language
- Ada programming language
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pascal programming language."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| Pa | Dutch | Pascal | Medicine, Physics |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: PascalSynonyms: Blaise Pascal (n), Pa (n). (additional references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Clever | Those we call the ancients were really new in everything. (references; author: Pascal) If the nose of Cleopatra had been a little shorter, it would have changed the history of the world. (references; author: Pascal) To repose our confidence in forms and ceremonies, is superstition; but not to submit to them is pride or self-conceit. (references; author: Pascal) We are fools to depend upon the society of our fellowmen. Wretched as we are, powerless as we are, they will not aid us; we shall die alone. (references; author: Pascal) I know UNIX, PASCAL, C, FORTRAN, COBOL, and nineteen other high-tech words. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Blaise Pascal (1971) La Línea (Ferdinand Pascal) (1970) Entretien sur Pascal (1965) Feu Mathias Pascal (1926) Pascal - Gödel (1986) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Music |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
 |
| "Amphiter/Pascal - La Sorbonne" by Emmanuel Rivet Commentary: "Wall of amphitheater in the University of La Sorbonne / Painting of Blaise Pascal. 2000." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Author | Quotation |
Blaise Pascal | We like to be deceived. |
| Law, without force, is impotent. | |
| Continued eloquence is wearisome. | |
| By thought I embrace the universal. | |
| The property of power is to protect. | |
| Evil is easy, and has infinite forms. | |
| The gospel to me is simply irresistible. | |
| Ugly deeds are most estimable when hidden. | |
| Earnestness is enthusiasm tempered by reason. | |
| Man's greatness lies in his power of thought. | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | He would have dreaded those sublimities from which some very great men even, like Swedenborg and Pascal, have glided into insanity |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Economic History | Republic of Congo | Then-presidential candidate Pascal Lissouba traveled to Washington in 1992, meeting with a variety of officials, including Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Herman J. Cohen. (references) |
Republic of Congo | Pascal Lissouba, was inaugurated on August 31, 1992. (references) | |
Republic of Congo | Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Debat was elected President for a 5-year term and named Pascal Lissouba to serve as Prime Minister. (references) | |
Human Rights | Congo | There reportedly was no known action taken against members of the security forces responsible for torturing, beating, or otherwise abusing the persons in the following 1999 cases: The October case of Pascal Kusehuka, secretary general of the PALU opposition party for Bandundu Province; the September case of human rights NGO activist Wetemwani Katembo Merikas; the September case of Francois Mpoyi Mukandu, the legal advisor of the governor of Eastern Kasai Province, Marcel Mpuanga Mindu, who also was an attorney, and Ditutu bin Bwebwe, a court clerk; the July case of Professor Kambaj Wa Kambaji; the July case of Jean Marie Kashils of the Agence Congolaise de Presse and Bienvenu Tshiela of Kasai Horizon Radio Television; the June case of the owner of a dugout canoe known as Motinga; the June case of journalists for the daily newspaper Tempete des Tropiques; the May case of Colonel Ndoma Moteke; the May case of Christian Badibangi, president of the opposition party Union Socialist Congolaise; the May case of eight members of the opposition Parti Lumumbiste Unifie (PALU) party; the April case of Lambert Edimba; the March case of a journalist; the March case of two female money changers; the February case of Professor Tshibangu Kalala; the February case of Luyinumu Lelo Koko and Jonas Ndoko; the February case of Toussaint Muhavu Shankulu; the January case of newspaper publisher Thierry Kyalumba; and the January case of human rights activists Christophe Bintu and Bienvenu Kasole. (references) |
Political Economy | Congo | With the help of Angolan troops and other forces, Sassou-Nguesso, a northerner, defeated the forces of former President Pascal Lissouba, a southerner, elected in 1992. Soon after taking power in 1997, President Sassou-Nguesso's Government replaced the country's 1992 Constitution with a new Fundamental Act, which established a strong and highly centralized presidential system of government. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Pascal" is generally used as a noun (proper) -- approximately 80.38% of the time. "Pascal" is used about 209 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (proper) | 80.38% | 168 | 24,050 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 18.66% | 39 | 55,036 |
| Noun (common) | 0.96% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 209 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "pascal" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Pascal | Last name | 1,000 | 10,440 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| "Pascal" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "having to do with Easter or Passover". | |||
| The following table summarizes names related to "Pascal." | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Related Name |
| Pasco | Male | Cornish | Pascal |
| Pace | Male | English | Pascal |
| Pascal | Male | French | N/A |
| Pascale | Female | French | Pascal |
| Pascaline | Female | French | Pascal |
| Paschal | Male | French | Pascal |
| Pasquale | Male | Italian | Pascal |
| Pasqualina | Female | Italian | Pascal |
| Pascual | Male | Spanish | Pascal |
| Pascuala | Female | Spanish | Pascal |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "pascal": bivariate Pascal distribution ♦ Blaise Pascal ♦ BNR Pascal ♦ compas Pascal ♦ concurrent Pascal ♦ Coroutine Pascal ♦ extended Pascal ♦ iso Pascal ♦ object Pascal ♦ objective PASCAL ♦ parallel Pascal ♦ pascal celery ♦ Pascal compiler ♦ Pascal computer systems ♦ Pascal P4 ♦ Pascal Plus ♦ path Pascal ♦ real Programmers Don't Use Pascal ♦ super Pascal ♦ turbo Pascal ♦ UCSD Pascal. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "pascal": Pascal-80, Pascal-F, Pascal-FC, Pascal-Linda, Pascal-m, Pascal-P, Pascal-S, Pascal-SC, Pascal-trouillot. | |
Ending with "pascal": jean-pascal. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
pascal | 987 | turbo pascal 7 download | 24 |
turbo pascal | 567 | pascal 7.0 | 23 |
blaise pascal | 392 | pascal download | 23 |
pascal sauvignon | 291 | de pascal triangulo | 22 |
pascal obispo | 103 | fearless francine pascal | 21 |
turbo pascal 7.0 | 91 | olivia pascal | 20 |
adam pascal | 78 | blas pascal | 19 |
francine pascal | 63 | c pascal | 19 |
turbo pascal download | 60 | pascal rheaume | 18 |
de pascal principio | 49 | lyrics obispo pascal | 18 |
en pascal programas | 41 | turbo pascal for window | 17 |
pascal programming | 38 | lenguaje pascal | 17 |
pascal triangle | 34 | borland turbo pascal | 16 |
pascal tutorial | 34 | object pascal | 16 |
pascal compiler | 34 | pascal source code | 16 |
borland pascal | 33 | blaise pascal picture | 15 |
jean pascal | 32 | borland pascal 7.0 | 14 |
pascal program | 30 | turbo pascal for window download | 14 |
free pascal | 30 | en pascal programacion | 14 |
dev pascal | 25 | mp3 obispo pascal | 14 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "pascal"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | Paskal. (various references) | |
Arabic | محدة ضغط. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | Паскал. (various references) | |
Chinese | 菲利浦自动时序计算机 (Pascal-, Pascal-S). (various references) | |
Danish | Pascal, Pa (Panama, Republic of Panama). (various references) | |
Dutch | Pascal. (various references) | |
Finnish | Pascal, Pa (paging area, Panama, Republic of Panama). (various references) | |
French | Pascal (Paschal). (various references) | |
German | Pascal. (various references) | |
Greek | Pascal(Πασκάλ)Pa, γλώσσα προγραμματισμού Pascal, πασκάλ, Ρa. (various references) | |
Hungarian | paszkál. (various references) | |
Italian | Pascal, Pa (ARMA, National Focal Point, Pa, Panama, Personnel, protactinium, Republic of Panama). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | パクパク人形 (late-night phone call, Pacific, Pacific League, packet, pagoda, pajamas, pass, path, puppet with a moving mouth, pyjamas, state of being dried out). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | パスカル . (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ascalpay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | Pascal (paschal), Pa (Panama, Republic of Panama). (various references) | |
Russian | Паскаль. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | paskal. (various references) | |
Spanish | Pascal. (various references) | |
Swedish | Pascal. (various references) | |
Turkish | Paskal. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "pascal": pascals. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "pascal": kilopascal. (additional references) | |
Words containing "pascal": kilopascals. (additional references) | |
| |
"Pascal" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Apsac, Laskill, Pacal, Paeca, pasal, pascals, pascial, Pascin, Pasdar, Paskar, Paspalj, Pauca, Pelsall, Pessoal, Piasecka, Pusca. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "pascal" (pronounced paska"l) |
| 3 | -k a" l | locale. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-c-l-p-s" | |
-1 letter: claps, clasp, pacas, salpa, scalp. | |
-2 letters: aals, alas, alps, caps, casa, clap, lacs, laps, paca, pacs, pals, salp, slap. | |
-3 letters: aal, aas, ala, alp, als, asp, cap, lac, lap, las, pac, pal, pas, sac, sal, sap, spa. | |
-4 letters: aa, al, as, la, pa. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-c-l-p-s" | |
+1 letter: alpacas, apicals, calpacs, carpals, palaces, pascals, paschal, scapula, spacial. | |
+2 letters: acalephs, aplastic, backslap, calcspar, calipash, calpacks, caltraps, capelans, capitals, caporals, capsidal, capsular, catalpas, claypans, flatcaps, paschals, pashalic, placards, placates, playacts, scalepan, scapulae, scapular, scapulas, slapjack. | |
+3 letters: acalephes, alopecias, asclepiad, aspectual, asphaltic, backslaps, blackcaps, calcspars, calyptras, capablest, catalepsy, cataplasm, catapults, chaplains, claptraps, eclampsia, flapjacks, handclasp, landscape, pachalics, palefaces, parlances, pashalics, placaters, placentas, plasmatic, playbacks, pleasance, postcaval, scalepans, scapulars, slapjacks, spacewalk, subapical. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Usage Frequency 12. Names: Frequency | 13. Names: Derived from 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Abbreviations 18. Acronyms 19. Derivations 20. Rhymes | 21. Anagrams 22. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
