Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Parchment |
ParchmentNoun1. A superior paper resembling sheepskin. 2. Skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "parchment" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1200. (references) |
Etymology: Parchment \Parch"ment\ (-ment), noun. [from Old English expression parchemin, perchemin, French parchemin, Late Latin expression pergamenum, from Latin expression pergamena, pergamina, from the Latin expression Pergamenus of or belonging to Pergamus an ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment was first used.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Industry | Parchment-dressed leather is prepared from raw hides or skins, not by a process of tanning, but by treating the raw hides and skins to ensure their preservation. Source: European Union. (references) |
Bible | Parchment a skin prepared for writing on; so called from Pergamos (q.v.), where this was first done (2 Tim. 4:13). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Food & Agriculture | Endocarp of coffee fruit. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Endocarp of coffee fruit(ISO 3509). Source: European Union. (references) | |
Literature | Parchment So called from Pergamon in Lesser Asia, where it was used for purposes of writing when Ptolemy prohibited the exportation of paper from Egypt. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Parchment is a material for the pages of a book or codex, made from fine calf skin, sheep skin or goat skin. Parchment is named after the city Pergamon where it was first invented. One sort of parchment is vellum.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Parchment."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Parchment is a city located in Kalamazoo County, Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 1,936.Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.3 km² (0.9 mi²). 2.2 km² (0.9 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 3.37% water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 1,936 people, 822 households, and 531 families residing in the city. The population density is 869.2/km² (2,263.6/mi²). There are 873 housing units at an average density of 391.9/km² (1,020.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 92.67% White, 4.18% African American, 0.31% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 1.81% from two or more races. 0.93% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 822 households out of which 34.1% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% are married couples living together, 16.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% are non-families. 31.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.34 and the average family size is 2.94. In the city the population is spread out with 27.2% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 81.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 80.9 males. The median income for a household in the city is $40,074, and the median income for a family is $46,957. Males have a median income of $36,415 versus $25,484 for females. The per capita income for the city is $18,911. 4.4% of the population and 2.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 2.4% are under the age of 18 and 2.8% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Parchment, Michigan."
Synonyms: ParchmentSynonyms: lambskin (n), sheepskin (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Security | Muniment, instrument; deed, deed poll; assurance, indenture; charter; (compact); charter poll; paper, parchment, settlement, will, testament, last will and testament, codicil. |
Writing | Stationery; pen, quill, goose quill; pencil, style; paper, foolscap, parchment, vellum, papyrus, tablet, slate, marble, pillar, table; blackboard; ink bottle, ink horn, ink pot, ink stand, ink well; typewriter. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Parchment |
| English words defined with "parchment": Bailpiece, Battledoor ♦ Charta, Chirograph, Clerk of the pells, Court of record ♦ Dry castor ♦ Engrossed bill, Escroll ♦ Forel, Forrill ♦ Membraniform, Mezuzoth ♦ palimpsest, Papyrine, Pell, Pergamentaceous ♦ Ragman's roll ♦ Size roll, Stamp act, stamp duty ♦ vellum. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "parchment": Alexandrian Codex ♦ CARTON-FORMING-MACHINE OPERATOR ♦ Door-posts ♦ FLY, forel forril ♦ grain forel, grain forril ♦ LAMP-SHADE ASSEMBLER, LAMP-SHADE JOINER ♦ needlepoint lace ♦ Paper or parchment, parchment paperboard, Pells, Peter, Second Epistle of ♦ Rolls ♦ SUPERVISOR, LAMP SHADES ♦ TAPER, MACHINE. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "parchment": Membraneous. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | The rats love parchment even more than scholars do. Let's follow him (Name der Rose, Der; writing credit: Andrew Birkin; Gérard Brach) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Sabellid worm in parchment tube. Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Thomas Carlyle | Aristocracy of feudal parchment has passed away with a mighty rushing; and now, by a natural course, we arrive at aristocracy of moneybag. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | It recognizes by the print of a finger nail upon a parchment the difference between the Jewry of the Judengasse and the Jewry of the Ghetto |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | FLY-:SPECK:, n. The prototype of punctuation. It is observed by Garvinus that the systems of punctuation in use by the various literary nations depended originally upon the social habits and general diet of the flies infesting the several countries. These creatures, which have always been distinguished for a neighborly and companionable familiarity with authors, liberally or niggardly embellish the manuscripts in process of growth under the pen, according to their bodily habit, bringing out the sense of the work by a species of interpretation superior to, and independent of, the writer's powers. The "old masters" of literature -- that is to say, the early writers whose work is so esteemed by later scribes and critics in the same language -- never punctuated at all, but worked right along free-handed, without that abruption of the thought which comes from the use of points. (We observe the same thing in children to-day, whose usage in this particular is a striking and beautiful instance of the law that the infancy of individuals reproduces the methods and stages of development characterizing the infancy of races.) In the work of these primitive scribes all the punctuation is found, by the modern investigator with his optical instruments and chemical tests, to have been inserted by the writers' ingenious and serviceable collaborator, the common house-fly -- Musca maledicta. In transcribing these ancient MSS, for the purpose of either making the work their own or preserving what they naturally regard as divine revelations, later writers reverently and accurately copy whatever marks they find upon the papyrus or parchment, to the unspeakable enhancement of the lucidity of the thought and value of the work. Writers contemporary with the copyists naturally avail themselves of the obvious advantages of these marks in their own work, and with such assistance as the flies of their own household may be willing to grant, frequently rival and sometimes surpass the older compositions, in respect at least of punctuation, which is no small glory. Fully to understand the important services that flies perform to literature it is only necessary to lay a page of some popular novelist alongside a saucer of cream-and-molasses in a sunny room and observe "how the wit brightens and the style refines" in accurate proportion to the duration of exposure. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Calvin Coolidge | 1923-1929 | Parchment will fail, the sword will fail, it is only the spiritual nature of man that can be triumphant. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Parchment" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.59% of the time. "Parchment" is used about 242 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.59% | 241 | 19,264 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.41% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 242 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "parchment" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Parchment | Last name | 170 | 50,095 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
1. Parchment, MI (city, FIPS 62340) |
Expressions using "parchment": genuine parchment ♦ imitation parchment paper ♦ parchment beaver ♦ parchment paper ♦ parchment paperboard ♦ parchment scroll ♦ vegetable parchment. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "parchment": parchment-coloured, parchment-dressed, parchment-knife, parchment-like, parchment-maker, parchment-makers, parchment-seller, parchment-sellers, parchment-shaded, parchment-skinned. | |
Ending with "parchment": pale-parchment. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "parchment"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | prej pergamene, pergamene, pergamenë (Basil, lambskin), dorëshkrim në pergamenë. (various references) | |
Arabic | مخطوطة رقية, ورق نفيس, جعله شبيه بالرق, البرشمان ورق نفيس, شهادة جامعية. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | пергаментов, пергамент (sheepskin), документ (act, certificate, document, exhibit, instrument, monument, muniment, paper, record). (various references) | |
Chinese | 羊皮纸, 羊皮紙 . (various references) | |
Czech | pergamen (vellum, vellum paper). (various references) | |
Danish | pergamentlag, pergamenthinde, pergament (forel forril, parchment-dressed leather). (various references) | |
Dutch | perkament (parchment-dressed leather, raw hide, rawhide, vellum). (various references) | |
Esperanto | pergameno. (various references) | |
Finnish | pergamentti (forel forril, grain forel, grain forril). (various references) | |
French | parchemin (parchment-dressed leather). (various references) | |
German | Pergament (vellum). (various references) | |
Greek | περγαμηνή (sheep's-skin, vellum), περγαμηνοειδές δέρμα (parchment-dressed leather, raw hide, rawhide). (various references) | |
Hebrew | קלף (card), "פתר (copybook, writing book), 'ויל (pergament, scroll, unhewn stone). (various references) | |
Hungarian | pergamen (vellum). (various references) | |
Indonesian | kertas perkamen. (various references) | |
Italian | pergamena (scroll, vellum). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 羊皮紙 , 羊皮紙 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ようひし. (various references) | |
Korean | 양"지. (various references) | |
Manx | pabyr craitnagh, crackan screeuee (vellum). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | archmentpay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | pergaminho (budge, sheepskin, vellum paper). (various references) | |
Romanian | pergament (panel, sheepskin, vellum), manuscris pe pergament, hârtie pergament (parched paper). (various references) | |
Russian | кожура кофейного боба, пергаментный (pergameneous), пергамент пергаментный, пергамент (vellum). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | pergamentski, pergament. (various references) | |
Spanish | pergamino (scroll, sheepskin). (various references) | |
Swedish | pergament (forel forril). (various references) | |
Turkish | parşömen kâğıdı (vegetable parchment, vellum), parşömen (sheepskin, vellum), tirşe (vellum). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | шкірка кавого бобу, перегаментний папір, перегамент. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | giấy da bản viết trên giấy da vật tựa da khô. (various references) | |
Welsh | memrwn (vellum). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | membrana. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "parchment": parchments. (additional references) | |
| |
"Parchment" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Marchment, pachent, parchement, Parchman, partement. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "parchment" (pronounced pÄ"rkhmunt) |
| 5 | -kh m u n t | attachment, impeachment, detachment, encroachment, enrichment, entrenchment, retrenchment. |
| 4 | -m u n t | aggrandizement, agreement, ailment, alignment, allotment, amazement, amendment, amusement, announcement, annulment, antigovernment, apartment, appeasement, appointment, apportionment, argument, armament, arraignment, arrangement, accompaniment, accomplishment, abandonment, abatement, accouterment, achievement, acknowledgement, acknowledgment, adamant, adjournment, adjustment, adornment, advancement, advertisement, advisement, assessment, assignment, assortment, astonishment, atonement, attainment, banishment, basement, battlement, bemusement, bereavement, betterment, bewilderment, blandishment, bombardment, claimant, Clement, commandment, commencement, commitment, compartment, complement, comportment, concealment, condiment, confinement, consignment, containment, contentment, copayment, curtailment, impairment, impediment, implement, impoundment, impoverishment, impressment, imprisonment, improvement, debarment, debasement, deferment, department, deployment, deportment, derailment, determent, detriment, development, diminishment, disagreement, disappointment, disarmament, disbarment, disbursement, discernment, discouragement, disenchantment, disenfranchisement, disengagement, disestablishment, disgruntlement, disillusionment, disinvestment, dismantlement, dismemberment, displacement, divestment, dormant, easement, element, embankment, embarrassment, embayment, embellishment, embezzlement, embodiment, emplacement, employment, empowerment, enactment, encampment, enchantment, encirclement, encouragement, endangerment, endearment, endorsement, endowment, enforcement, engagement, enhancement, enjoyment, enlargement, enlightenment, enlistment, enrollment, enslavement, entanglement, entertainment, enticement, entitlement, entombment, entrapment, environment, equipment, escapement, escarpment, establishment, estrangement, excitement, excrement, experiment, extinguishment, figment, filament, formant, fragment, fulfillment, garment, garnishment, government, harassment, incitement, inclement, increment, indictment, inducement, informant, infotainment, infringement, installment, instrument, integument, internment, intersegment, investment, involvement, judgement, judgment, ligament, maltreatment, management, measurement, micromanagement, misgovernment, misjudgment, mismanagement, misstatement, mistreatment, moment, monument, movement, nongovernment, nonmanagement, nonpayment, nourishment, ointment, ornament, orpiment, outplacement, overpayment, overstatement, parliament, pavement, payment, pigment, placement, postponement, postretirement, predicament, prejudgment, prepayment, presentment, procurement, pronouncement, punishment, puzzlement, readjustment, realignment, reappointment, reapportionment, rearmament, rearrangement, reassessment, reassignment, recruitment, redeployment, redevelopment, reemployment, reenactment, refinement, refreshment, refurbishment, regiment, reimbursement, reinforcement, reinstatement, reinvestment, repayment, replacement, replenishment, requirement, resentment, resettlement, restatement, retirement, rudiment, sacrament, sediment, segment, sentiment, settlement, shipment, statement, supplement, temperament, tenement, testament, tournament, treatment, underdevelopment, underemployment, undergarment, underpayment, understatement, unemployment, vehement, wonderment. |
| 3 | -u n t | agent, ambient, ambivalent, ancient, antecedent, antidepressant, antioxidant, apparent, applicant, ardent, argent, arrant, arrogant, absent, absorbent, abstinent, abundant, accelerant, accident, aberrant, abhorrent, abortifacient, accountant, adherent, adjacent, adjutant, adolescent, afferent, affiant, affluent, ascendant, aspirant, assailant, assistant, astringent, attendant, belligerent, beneficent, benevolent, blatant, brilliant, buoyant, celebrant, clairvoyant, client, coefficient, cogent, cognizant, coherent, coincident, combatant, competent, complacent, complainant, complaisant, compliant, component, concomitant, concurrent, confident, confluent, consequent, consistent, consonant, constant, constituent, consultant, contaminant, contestant, continent, contingent, convalescent, convenient, convent, convergent, conversant, coolant, corespondent, cormorant, correspondent, Courant, covenant, Crescent, crosscurrent, current, ignorant, immanent, immigrant, imminent, impatient, impertinent, important, impotent, imprudent, inadvertent, incandescent, decadent, decedent, decent, declarant, decongestant, defendant, defiant, deficient, defoliant, delinquent, deodorant, dependent, depressant, descendant, descendent, despondent, detergent, determinant, deterrent, deviant, different, diligent, discordant, disinfectant, disobedient, dispersant, dissident, dissonant, distant, divalent, divergent, docent, dominant, ebullient, efferent, effervescent, efficient, effluent, elegant, elephant, eloquent, emergent, emigrant, eminent, entrant, equivalent, errant, esculent, evanescent, evident, excellent, exigent, existent, exorbitant, expectant, expectorant, expedient, exponent, extant, extravagant, exuberant, exultant, Fabricant, fervent, flagrant, flamboyant, flatulent, flippant, fluent, fluorescent, fragrant, fraudulent, frequent, gallant, giant, grandiloquent, grandparent, hesitant, hydrant, incessant, incident, incipient, incoherent, incompetent, inconsistent, incontinent, inconvenient, incumbent, indecent, independent, indifferent, indigent, indignant, indolent, indulgent, inefficient, infant, infrequent, ingredient, inhabitant, inhalant, inherent, innocent, inpatient, insignificant, insistent, insolent, insolvent, instant, insufficient, insurgent, intelligent, intercurrent, interdependent, intermittent, intolerant, intransigent, invariant, iridescent, irrelevant, irreverent, irritant, itinerant, jubilant, latent, leant, lenient, lieutenant, litigant, lubricant, lucent, luminescent, luxuriant, magnificent, malevolent, malignant, merchant, migrant, militant, miscreant, monovalent, mordant, mutant, nascent, negligent, noncombatant, nonexistent, nonresident, nonviolent, nutrient, obedient, observant, obsolescent, occupant, odorant, omnipotent, omnipresent, omniscient, operant, opponent, opulent, outpatient, overconfident, oxidant, pageant, parent, participant, patent, patient, peasant, penchant, pendant, penitent, pennant, percipient, permanent, persistent, pertinent, petulant, pheasant, piquant, pleasant, pliant, poignant, pollutant, potent, preadolescent, precedent, predominant, preeminent, pregnant, prescient, present, prevalent, proficient, prominent, propellant, proponent, protestant, provident, prudent, prurient, pungent, pursuant, quadrant, quiescent, quotient, radiant, rampant, reagent, recalcitrant, recent, recipient, recombinant, recurrent, redundant, refrigerant, Regent, registrant, relevant, reliant, reluctant, reminiscent, remnant, repellent, repentant, repugnant, resident, resilient, resistant, resonant, resplendent, respondent, resultant, resurgent, retardant, reticent, reverent, rodent, ruminant, salient, seafront, sealant, semipermanent, Sequent, sergeant, serpent, servant, significant, silent, solvent, somnolent, stagnant, stimulant, strident, stringent, student, subcontinent, subsequent, subservient, succulent, sufficient, supergiant, superintendent, supplicant, suppressant, surfactant, talent, tangent, tenant, tetravalent, tolerant, torrent, transcendent, transient, translucent, transparent, trenchant, trident, triumphant, truant, truculent, tumescent, turbulent, tyrant, undercurrent, unimportant, unpleasant, unrepentant, urgent, vacant, vagrant, valiant, variant, verdant, vibrant, vigilant, violent, virulent, warrant. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-e-h-m-n-p-r-t" | |
-1 letter: merchant, pentarch. | |
-2 letters: champer, chanter, chapmen, chapter, manchet, marchen, matcher, panther, patcher, rematch, repatch, tranche. | |
-3 letters: anthem, anther, arpent, camper, canter, carmen, carnet, carpet, centra, encamp, enrapt, entrap, eparch, hamper, hapten, hepcat, hetman, manche, marten, nectar, parent, pechan, prance, preach, preact, preman, rachet, recant, tamper, tanrec, tephra, teraph, thenar, threap, trance, trench, trepan. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-e-h-m-n-p-r-t" | |
+1 letter: parchments, preachment. | |
+2 letters: metanephric, preachments. | |
+3 letters: parenchymata. | |
+4 letters: cinematograph, hyperromantic, rapprochement. | |
+5 letters: actinomorphies, anthropometric, cinematographs, cinematography, enantiomorphic, magnetospheric, parenchymatous, pneumothoraces, rapprochements. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Quotations: Speeches 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Names: Frequency 14. Cities 15. Expressions 16. Expressions: Internet | 17. Translations: Modern 18. Translations: Ancient 19. Derivations 20. Rhymes | 21. Anagrams 22. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
