Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Parasitism |
ParasitismNoun1. The relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it (usually not fatal damage). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "parasitism" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1862. (references) |
Etymology: Parasitism \Par"a*si`tism\, noun. [Compare to the French expression parasitisme.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Health | A) The mode of life of a parasite; b) The relationship between an organism (parasite) that derives benefits from, and at the expense of, another organism (host). (references) |
Medicine | A)the mode of life of a parasite; b)the relationship between an organism(parasite)that derives benefits from, and at the expense of, another organism(host). Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Many endoparasites acquire hosts by passive mechanisms, such as the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides, an endoparasite of the human intestine. Ascaris lumbricoides produces large numbers of eggs which are passed from the host's digestive tract into the external environment, relying on other humans to inadvertantly ingest them in places without good sanitation. Ectoparasites, on the other hand, often have elabourate mechanisms and strategies for finding hosts. Some aquatic leeches, for example, locate hosts by sensing movement and then confirm their identity through skin temperature and chemical cues before attaching.
The hosts of parasites often evolve elaborate defensive mechanisms as well. Plants often produce toxins, for example, which deter both parasitic fungi and bacteria as well as herbivores. Vertebrate immune systems can target most parasites through contact with bodily fluids. Many parasites, particularly microorganisms, evolve adaptations to a particular host species; in such specific interactions the two species generally coevolve into a relatively stable relationship that does not kill the host quickly (since this would be detrimental for the parasite as well).
Sometimes, taxonomy of parasites can elucidate how their hosts are similar or related. For instance, there has been a dispute about whether Phoenicopteriformes are closer to Ciconiiformes or to Anseriformes. They share parasites with ducks and geese, but not storks. One of these parasites is a louse named Anaticola phoenicopteri, which means "They live on ducks, but this one belongs to the flamingo". So they are closer to Anseriformes.
See also: mutualism
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Parasitism."
Crosswords: Parasitism |
| Specialty definitions using "parasitism": Brood parasitism. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Parasitism" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Swedish (parasitism). |
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Add the suppression of parasitism, it will be solved. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Parasitism" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Parasitism" is used about 20 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 20 | 78,262 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
parasitism | 30 |
example parasitism | 5 |
parasitism picture | 5 |
commensalism mutualism parasitism | 4 |
brood parasitism | 2 |
definition parasitism | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "parasitism"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | parazitizëm. (various references) | |
Arabic | عالة عليه, التطفل, الطفيلية. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | паразитизъм. (various references) | |
Chinese | 寄" (Parasitic, Parasitical). (various references) | |
Czech | příživnictví. (various references) | |
Danish | parasitisme (parasitic, parasitic infestation, parasitic oscillation, parasitisation, parasitization), parasitinfektion (parasitisation, parasitization), snylteangreb (parasitisation, parasitization). (various references) | |
Dutch | parasitisme (parasitisation, parasitization). (various references) | |
Finnish | parasitismi (parasitisation, parasitization), loisinta (parasitisation, parasitization). (various references) | |
French | parasitisme (parasitisation, parasitization). (various references) | |
German | schmarotzertum, Parasitismus (parasitisation, parasitization). (various references) | |
Greek | παρασιτισμόσ, παρασιτισμός. (various references) | |
Hebrew | טפילות. (various references) | |
Hungarian | élősködés (sponging). (various references) | |
Italian | parassitismo (parasitisation, parasitization). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 寄食 (dependency), 寄" (parasite). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | きしょく (countenance, dependency, glad countenance, humor, joyful look, looks, mood), きせい (ardour, completed, correction, death, entreaty, established, existing, fervour, great master of go, homecoming, oath, parasite, pledge, prayer, rare, ready-made, realization of an objective, regulation, returning home, spirit, strange voice, uncommon, vigour, vow). (various references) | |
Manx | sheadanys. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | arasitismpay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | parasitismo (parasitisation, parasitization, parasitize), parasítico (parasitical). (various references) | |
Romanian | parazitism, caracter parazitar. (various references) | |
Russian | паразитизм. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | parazitizam. (various references) | |
Spanish | parasitismo (parasitisation, parasitization). (various references) | |
Swedish | parasitism. (various references) | |
Turkish | parazitlik, parazitlerden kaynaklanan hastalık, asalaklık. (various references) | |
Ukranian | зараження паразитами, паразитизм, дармоїдство (cadge). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tính chất ăn bám, sự ký sinh. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "parasitism": parasitisms. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "parasitism": endoparasitism, hyperparasitism, superparasitism. (additional references) | |
Words containing "parasitism": endoparasitisms, hyperparasitisms, superparasitisms. (additional references) | |
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"Parasitism" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: parasitics, parasitise, parasitize, parasitus, parastism, parasytism, Parysatis. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| Words rhyming with "parasitism" (pronounced 'Par"a*si`tism'): Absolutism, Dynamitism, Ebionitism. (additional references) |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-i-i-m-p-r-s-s-t" | |
-1 letter: apiarists, pastramis. | |
-2 letters: apiarist, misparts, pastrami, simitars. | |
-3 letters: amritas, aristas, armpits, impairs, imparts, matrass, mispart, rapists, satraps, simitar, spirits, stasima, tamaris, tarsias, tsarism. | |
-4 letters: amrita, arista, armpit, impair, impart, maists, paisas, passim, pastas, pastis, praams, primas, prisms, rapist, riatas, satrap, simars, sistra, sitars, smarts, spaits, spirit, spirts, sprats, sprits, stairs, stamps, stirps, straps, strips, tamari, tapirs, tarsia, tiaras, tramps. | |
-5 letters: airts, amass, amias, amirs, amiss, apart, apsis, arias, arsis, aspis, assai, astir, ataps, atmas, atria, atrip, impis, maars, mairs, maist, maria, marts, massa, masts, mists, mitis, pairs, paisa, paras, paris, parts, pasta, pasts, pimas, pitas, praam, prams, prats, prima, primi, prims, prism, priss, raias, ramps, rasps, riata, samps, saris, satis, simar, simas, simps, sitar, smart, spait, spams, spars, spasm, spats, spirt, spits, sprat, sprit, stair, stamp, stars, stirp, stirs, strap, stria, strip, tamis, tamps, tapas, tapir, tapis, tarps, tarsi, tiara, tipis, tramp, trams, traps, trass, trims, trips, tsars. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-i-i-m-p-r-s-s-t" | |
+1 letter: parasitisms. | |
+2 letters: semiparasite. | |
+3 letters: bipartisanism, expatriatisms, pragmaticisms, pragmaticists, semiparasites, semiparasitic. | |
+4 letters: anisometropias, bipartisanisms, comparativists, endoparasitism, epigrammatisms, epigrammatists, particularisms, patresfamilias. | |
+5 letters: endoparasitisms, hyperparasitism, misappropriates, operationalisms, superparasitism, trypanosomiasis. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)50 61 72 61 73 69 74 69 73 6D |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).--. .- .-. .- ... .. - .. ... -- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010000 01100001 01110010 01100001 01110011 01101001 01110100 01101001 01110011 01101101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)P a r a s i t i s m |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0050 0061 0072 0061 0073 0069 0074 0069 0073 006D |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)50678467857586758579 |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Quotations: Fiction | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Expressions: Internet 7. Translations: Modern 8. Derivations | 9. Rhymes 10. Anagrams 11. Orthography 12. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
