Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Pacer |
PacerNoun1. A horse used to set the pace in racing. 2. A horse trained to a special gait in which both feet on one side leave the ground together. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definitions |
Food & Agriculture | A horse which moves with the same legs on each side. Source: European Union. (references) |
Labor | Applied to a worker who takes head in a construction or labouring crew and is selected to expedite the work of the crew. . . Regularly performs all duties of workers of his crew. Source: European Union. (references) |
Medicine | Device that delivers battery-supplied electrical stimuli over leads with electrodes in contact with the heart. Virtually all leads are inserted transvenously. Electronic circuitry regulates the timing and characteristics of the stimuli. The expected life ranges between 4 to 12 years, depending on pacemaker function. Source: European Union. (references) |
Sports & Leisure | A horse which instead of trotting with a diagonal action, moves like a camel, near-force and hind together followed by off-fore and hind. Pacers are sometimes referred to as side-wheelers. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Pacer series was the result of an experiment to see whether the possibilty of using bus parts to create a train was viable. The original two-car prototype class 140 was built in 1984 at the British Rail Engineering (BREL) Derby works using a BREL underframe and a Leyland Motors bus body. The initial prototype was joined by another 18 cars to form the class 141 fleet. The units were used mainly in the North East of England, operating mainly suburban services. They had a capacity of 94 passengers per two-car set and the two Leyland T11 motors gave a total of 410bhp - resulting in a top speed of 75mph (121km/h). The entire class underwent a techincal upgrade in 1988 at the Barclay works in Kilmarnock, and were withdrawn from use in the mid-1990's.
The next and largest pacer class was class 142. Again built by Leyland and BREL in 1985. The train chassis was based on that of Leyland's National bus and many fixtures and fittings of the bus could be found on the train. The new improved class had a greater capacity of 106 passengers per two-car set, but the same motors were used as per class 141 so the speed of the train did not increase. The first sets were used initially on the Devon and Cornwall branch lines and on suburban commuter services around the Manchester PTE area. The units from Cornwall were eventually moved to Manchester and the class 142 has become a common sight on services around the North West of England. The class was upgraded in the early 1990s to include more powerful motors - 460bhp per two-car set - and a number of trains were modified for use on the Merseyside PTE City Lines around Liverpool which included dot-matrix route indicators, improved seating and Mersey PTE paintwork. The class moved into the control of First North Western at privatisation and the majority of the units are still in use.
Around the same time, a Pacer railbus was being developed by the Kilmarnock-based Barclay works, using a Walter Alexander bus body. The first of the new class, class 143, was first used in 1985. Again with 2x205bhp motors and a top speed of 75mph the class originally had a capacity of 122 passengers. The class was used in the North East of England, before transferring to the Welsh lines. The class moved over to Wales & West Trains contol at privatisation. The interior of the class was completely changed in 2000 when the Valley Line service was introduced, with full back, coach-type seating installed throughout along with improved fittings. This reduced capacity down to 106 per set, but improved comfort on the trains. A similar class 144 train, this time a Walter Alexander body on BREL underframe, was introduced in 1987 which as well as the standard two-car sets of 122 seats also saw five three-car sets with a total capacity of 195 passengers and 690bhp of motor force (It could still only do 75mph though!). The 144 class were used in the North East lines, passing over to MTL Trains (now Arriva Northern) at privatisation.
The Pacer railbuses are still in use today and are considered successful by the railway companies. However, there were some limitations to using bus parts for railway use. Instead of the more-usual bogies, the Pacers used basic four wheel wagon axles which, along with the basic bus bench seating lead to an uncomfortable ride. The drivers cab is a lot smaller on Pacers than other multiple units and they lack an area for guards, who usually end up sharing the cab. The two-step entrance makes loading slower especially for the elderly and those in wheelchairs. No more Pacer railbuses have since been produced.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Pacer."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
PACER | English | Public Access to Court Electronic Records | Computer - Computer - (3Com, ethernet) |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: PacerSynonyms: pacemaker (n), pacesetter (n). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: side-wheeler (sports & leisure). |
Crosswords: Pacer |
| Specialty definitions using "pacer": demand inhibited ♦ pacer dependency, pacer patient, pacer rate. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Pacer" is also a word in the following language with English translations in parentheses. Spanish (browse, eat, gnaw, graze, live up, pasture, run). |
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| "Pacer" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 93.33% of the time. "Pacer" is used about 15 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 93.33% | 14 | 93,893 |
| Noun (proper) | 6.67% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 15 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "pacer" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Pacer | Last name | 170 | 42,597 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| Country | Name |
| USA | Pacer Technology |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "pacer": pacer dependency ♦ pacer patient ♦ pacer rate. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "pacer": medium-pacer, Tri-pacer. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
pacer | 1,082 |
indiana pacer | 287 |
pacer wheels | 189 |
amc pacer | 101 |
pacer court | 80 |
bankruptcy pacer | 64 |
pacer rim | 57 |
pacer pump | 39 |
piper tri pacer | 34 |
pacer international | 30 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "pacer"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | stimulues kardiak (pacemaker), mbajtës i ritmit (pacemaker). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | рахванлия кон (ambler), водач (commander, conductor, fugleman, guide, leader, pathfinder, pilot), изкуствен водач на сърцето (pacemaker). (various references) | |
French | locomotive, entraîneur (pace maker, pacemaker), cheval ambleur, chef d'équipe (chief of party), ambleur. (various references) | |
German | schrittmacher (clock, pace maker, pacemaker, pace-maker, pacesetter, sinoatrial node, sinus node), Schreitende. (various references) | |
Greek | βηματιστήσ. (various references) | |
Hungarian | iramot diktáló versenyzõ. (various references) | |
Italian | PM (M.wt., mol.wt, molecular weight, pacemaker system, pacemaker unit, pacing system, pulse generator, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Territorial collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon), pacemaker (pacemaker, pace-maker, pacemaker system, pacemaker unit, pacing system, pulse generator), stimolatore cardiaco (pacemaker, pace-maker, pacemaker system, pacemaker unit, pacing system, pulse generator), generatore di impulsi (pacemaker system, pacemaker unit, pacing system, pulse generator), generatore (boiler, breeder, electric generator, generating program, generator, pacemaker system, pacemaker unit, pacing system, program generator, pulse generator), elettrostimolatore (pacemaker system, pacemaker unit, pacing system, pulse generator), cardiostimolatore (pacemaker system, pacemaker unit, pacing system, pulse generator), battistrada (bearing surface, contact area, contact surface, outrider, pacemaker, running surface, tire tread, track, tread, tyre tread). (various references) | |
Manx | cabbyl keimyragh. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | acerpay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | marcapasso cardíaco. (various references) | |
Romanian | antrenor (coach, mentor, trainer). (various references) | |
Russian | иноходец (ambler). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | konj (equine, hippo, horse, knight, stalking horse, steed, troop-horse, vaulting horse). (various references) | |
Spanish | entrenador (coach, pacemaker, trainer, trainers), el que marca el paso (pacemaker). (various references) | |
Swedish | pendeltåg (commuter train, shuttle, suburban train), passgångare (ambler), hare (coward, hare, pace-maker, pacesetter, rabbit). (various references) | |
Turkish | yarışta hızı ayarlayan kimse (pacemaker), rahvan giden at. (various references) | |
Ukranian | іноходець (ambler), лідер (center, centre, chief, coryphaeus, leader, pacemaker, pace-setter). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "pacer": pacers. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "pacer": spacer. (additional references) | |
Words containing "pacer": spacers. (additional references) | |
| |
"Pacer" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Pacare, pacel, pacem, pacen, pacet, pacey, pache, Paci, pacier, pader, pajero, paker, pakir, pakora, pamer, parcer, pasar, paschero, paser, pawer, paxer, pce, pcr, Peaker, pecheur, phace, Piacore, picar, picor, picter, Pucara, Pukar, pyacrc, Pyac-rc. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "pacer" (pronounced pā"ser) |
| 4 | p ā" s er | spacer. |
| 3 | -ā" s er | bracer, chaser, eraser, facer, lacer, racer, tracer. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: caper, crape, recap. | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-e-p-r" | |
-1 letter: acre, aper, cape, care, carp, crap, pace, pare, pear, race, rape, reap. | |
-2 letters: ace, ape, arc, are, cap, car, cep, ear, era, pac, par, pea, pec, per, rap, rec, rep. | |
-3 letters: ae, ar, er, pa, pe, re. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-e-p-r" | |
+1 letter: apercu, camper, capers, capper, carped, carpel, carper, carpet, craped, crapes, eparch, escarp, pacers, packer, parcel, parsec, placer, prance, preach, preact, recaps, redcap, repack, scrape, secpar, spacer. | |
+2 letters: apercus, caliper, campers, campier, capered, caperer, cappers, caprice, caprine, capture, carpale, carpels, carpers, carpets, champer, chapter, cheaper, clamper, clapper, clasper, compare, cramped, crapped, crapper, crappie, eparchs, eparchy, epicarp, escaper, escarps, exocarp, packers, parcels, parched, parches, paretic, parsecs, patcher, peacher, peccary, peracid, percale, picrate, placers, plectra, poacher, pranced, prancer, prances, preachy, preacts, precast, precava, preface, prelacy, prepack, prerace, reclasp, redcaps, repacks, repatch, replace, replica, respace, scalper, scamper, scarped, scarper, scauper, scraped, scraper, scrapes, scrapie, secpars, spacers, spacier, spectra, upreach. | |
+3 letters: accepter, acceptor, airscape, airspace, apocrine, apyretic, aspheric, becarpet, calipers, calliper, calypter, campfire, camphire, camporee, canephor, capabler, caperers, capering, capework, capmaker, caponier, caprices, capriole, capsomer, captured, capturer, captures, carapace, carpeted, catnaper, champers, chaperon, chapiter, chapters, clampers, clappers, claspers, coappear, compadre, compared, comparer, compares, coparent, copperah, copperas, copremia, copyread, crappers, crappier, crappies, creepage, crispate, earpiece, endocarp, epicarps, escapers, escarped, exocarps, heptarch, impacter, kreplach, mercapto, mesocarp, operatic, opercula, outcaper, pacifier, packager, pancreas, parceled, parcener, parchesi, parecism, paretics, parhelic, parlance, particle, patchers, patchier, peachers, peachier, pectoral, peculiar, pentarch, peracids, percales, perfecta, pericarp, perisarc, phreatic, picrated, picrates, piracies, placater, poachers, poachier, portance, postrace, practice, practise, praecipe, praefect, praelect, prancers, preached, preacher, preaches, preacted, precasts, precavae, precaval, preclean, preclear, precrash, preenact, prefaced, prefacer, prefaces, prelatic, prepacks, preplace, procaine, purchase, reaccept, recapped, recarpet, reclasps, repacify, repacked, replaced, replacer, replaces, replicas, reproach, respaced, respaces, sapremic, scalpers, scampers, scarpers, scarphed, scaupers, sceptral, scorepad, scrapers, scrapies, scrapped, scrapper, scrapple, seraphic, spectral, specular, spiracle, supercar, unpacker. | |
+4 letters: accepters, acceptors, accipiter, acropetal, acrophobe, aerospace, afterclap, airscapes, airspaces, ametropic, aperiodic, applecart, archetype, aruspices, ascospore, becarpets, calipered, callipers, calypters, campfires, camphires, camporees, canephors, capeworks, capmakers, caponiers, caprioled, caprioles, capsomers, capturers, carapaces, carapaxes, carpenter, carpentry, carpetbag, carpeting, carpooled, carpooler, cartopper, caryopses, catnapers, catnapper, champerty, chaperone, chaperons, chapiters, chaptered, clepsydra, coappears, compacter, compadres, comparers, comparted, cooperage, cooperate, coparents, copartner, copperahs, copremias, copyreads, corporate, corporeal, coryphaei, crappiest, creamcups, creampuff, creepages, crepitant, crepitate, cupbearer, curlpaper, deprecate, earpieces, empirical, endocarps, eparchies, epicardia, epicurean, escarping, esperance, fireplace, graphemic, hairpiece, heptarchs, heptarchy, hyperacid, impacters, imprecate, marchpane, mercaptan, mesocarps, metacarpi, operatics, opercular, outcapers, outpreach, pacemaker, pachyderm, pacifiers, packagers, packhorse, panegyric, panickier, paperback, parachute, paramecia, paramedic, parbuckle, parceling, parcelled, parcenary, parceners, parchesis, parchment, parecisms, paregoric, parfleche, parlances, parricide, particles, patricide, paunchier, pearlitic, peccaries, pectorals, peculator, peculiars, pecuniary, pediatric, pentarchs, pentarchy, percaline, perchance, percolate, perfectas, pericarps, pericopae, perisarcs, picadores, piscaries, placarded, placaters, porcelain, portances, practiced, practicer, practices, practised, practises, praecipes, praefects, praelects, preachers, preachier, preachify, preachily, preaching, preacting, preatomic, precancel, precatory, precisian, precleans, preclears, precocial, precoital, precrease, predacity, predicate, preenacts, prefacers, prefacing, pregnancy, prelacies, prelaunch, prepacked, preplaced, preplaces, primacies, privacies, proactive, procaines, procreant, procreate, proscenia, purchased, purchaser, purchases, pursuance, ragpicker, reaccepts, recapping, recapture, recarpets, reclasped, repackage, repacking, repatched, repatches, repechage, replacers, replacing, replicase, replicate, respacing, retropack, sapsucker, scalloper, scampered, scarpered, scorepads, scrapheap, scrappage, scrappers, scrappier, scrapples, sharecrop, spaceport, spaceward, specialer, spectator, spermatic, spherical, spiracles, supercars, superrace, supremacy, unpackers, uppercase, upreached, upreaches, workplace. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)50 61 63 65 72 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).--. .- -.-. . .-. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01010000 01100001 01100011 01100101 01110010 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)P a c e r |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0050 0061 0063 0065 0072 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)5067697184 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Names: Frequency 7. Names: Company Usage 8. Expressions | 9. Expressions: Internet 10. Translations: Modern 11. Abbreviations 12. Acronyms | 13. Derivations 14. Rhymes 15. Anagrams 16. Orthography | 17. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
