Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Oxygen |
OxygenNoun1. A nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "oxygen" was first used: 1790. (references) |
Etymology: Oxygen \Ox"y*gen\, noun. [French expression oxyg[`e]ne, from the Greek expression sharp, acid root of to be born. So called because originally supposed to be an essential part of every acid.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Chemistry | Chemical element:atomic number 8. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A nonmetallic element, normally colorless, odorless, tasteless, nonflammable diatomic gas. Symbol, O. Occurs uncombined in the air to the extent of about 21% by volume and is combined in water, in most rocks and minerals, and in a great variety of organic compounds. Oxygen is very reactive and capable of combining with most elements. Essential for respiration in all plants and animals and for practically all combustion. Oxygen enrichment of steel blast furnaces accounts for the greatest use of the gas. Used in manufacturing ammonia, methanol, and ethylene oxide. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
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| General | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Name, Symbol, Number | Oxygen, O, 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical series | nonmetals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group, Period, Block | 16 (VIA), 2 , p | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density, Hardness | 1.429 kg/m3 (273K), NA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | colorless | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic weight | 15.9994 amu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic radius (calc.) | 60 (48) pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 73 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| van der Waals radius | 152 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [He]2s2s22p4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| e- 's per energy level | 2, 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states (Oxide) | -2,-1 (neutral) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | cubic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical Properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State of matter | gas (paramagnetic) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 50.35 K (-368.77 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | 90.18 K (-297.08 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar volume | 17.36 ×1010-3 m3/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 3.4099 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | 0.22259 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vapor pressure | __ Pa at __ K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Speed of sound | 317.5 m/s at 293 K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | 3.44 (Pauling scale) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific heat capacity | 920 J/(kg*K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical conductivity | __ 106/m ohm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 0.02674 W/(m*K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st ionization potential | 1313.9 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd ionization potential | 3388.3 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd ionization potential | 5300.5 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4th ionization potential | 7469.2 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Most Stable Isotopes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| SI units & STP are used except where noted. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
At standard temperature and pressure, oxygen is found as a gas consisting of two oxygen atoms, chemical formula O2. This oxygen is an important component of air, produced by plants during photosynthesis and is necessary for animals' respiration. The word oxygen derives from two words in Greek, the Greek oxus (acid) and gennan (generate).
Liquid oxygen and solid oxygen have a light blue color and both are highly paramagnetic. Liquid oxygen is usually obtained by the fractional distillation of liquid air.
Oxygen finds considerable use as an oxidizer, with only fluorine having a higher electronegativity. Liquid oxygen finds use as an oxidizer in rocket propulsion. Oxygen is essential to respiration, so oxygen supplementation has found use in medicine. People who climb mountains or fly in airplanes generally have supplemental oxygen supplies. Oxygen is used in welding, and in the making of steel and methanol.
Oxygen, as a mild euphoric, has a history of recreational use that extends into modern times. Oxygen bars can be seen at parties to this day. In the 19th century, oxygen was often mixed with nitrous oxide to promote a kind of analgesic effect.
Oxygen was discovered by the Swedish pharmacist Karl Wilhelm Scheele in 1771, but this discovery was not immediately recognized, and the independent discovery by Joseph Priestley was more widely known. It was named by Antoine Laurent Lavoisier in 1774.
Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust, estimated to comprise 46.7% of the crust. Oxygen comprises about 87% of the oceans (as H2O, water) and 20% of the atmosphere of Earth (as O2, molecular oxygen, or O3, ozone). Oxygen compounds, particularly metal oxides, silicates (SiO44-) and carbonates (CO32-), are commonly found in rocks and soil. Frozen water is a common solid on the outer planets and comets. The ice caps of Mars are made of frozen carbon dioxide. Oxygen compounds are found throughout the universe and the spectrum of oxygen is often seen in stars. In fact stars wouldn't produce light without oxygen.
Due to its electronegativity, oxygen forms chemical bonds with almost all other elements (which is the origin of the original definition of oxidation). The only elements to escape the possibility of oxidation are a few of the noble gases. The most famous of these oxides is of course hydrogen oxide, or water (H2O). Other well known examples include compounds of carbon and oxygen, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), alcohols (R-OH), aldehydes, (R-CHO), and carboxylic acids (R-COOH). Oxygenated radicals such as chlorates (ClO3-), perchlorates (ClO4-), chromates (CrO42-), dichromates (Cr2O72-), permanganates (MnO4-), and nitrates (NO3-)are strong oxidizing agents in and of themselves. Many metals such as Iron bond with oxygen atoms, Ferric Oxide (Fe2O3). Ozone (O3) is formed by electrostatic discharge in the presence of molecular oxygen. A double oxygen molecule (O2)2 is known, found as a minor component of liquid oxygen. Epoxides are ethers in which the oxygen atom is part of a ring of three atoms.
Oxygen has three stable isotopes and ten known radioactive isotopes. The radioisotopes all have half lives of less than three minutes.
Prolonged exposure to pure oxygen at higher pressures can be toxic, having both pulmonary and neurological effects. Pulmonary effects include edema, loss of lung capacity and damage to lung tissues. Neurological effects can include loss of vision, convulsions and coma.
Certain derivatives of oxygen, such as ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide, are also highly toxic. The body has developed mechanisms to protect against these toxic species. For instance, the naturally-occurring glutathione can act as an antioxidant as can bilirubin which is normally a breakdown product of hemoglobin. Highly concentrated sources of oxygen promote rapid combustion and therefore are fire and explosion hazards in the presence of fuels. This is true as well of compounds of oxygen such as chlorates, perchlorates, dichromates, etc. Compounds with a high oxidative potential can often cause chemical burns.
The fire that killed the Apollo 1 crew on a test lauchpad spread so rapidly because the pure oxygen atmosphere was at normal atmospheric pressure instead of the one third pressure that would be used during an actual launch. (see partial pressure)
Oxygen is also the name of a Cable TV channel in the US. Its programming targets women audience.Notable Characteristics
Applications
History
Occurrence
Compounds
Isotopes
Precautions
See also
External Links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Oxygen."
Synonym: OxygenSynonym: atomic number 8 (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Fuel | Oil, petroleum, gasoline, high octane gasoline, nitromethane, petrol, gas, juice, gasohol, alcohol, ethanol, methanol, fuel oil, kerosene, jet fuel, heating oil, number oil, number oil, naphtha; rocket fuel, high specific impulse fuel, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen, lox. |
Life | Respiration, wind; breath of life, breath of one's nostrils; oxygen, air. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | If anyone needs me, I'll be in the Roosevelt Room, giving Lewis oxygen. (The American President; writing credit: Aaron Sorkin) Get out of my way son, you're usin' my oxygen. (One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest; writing credit: Bo Goldman; Lawrence Hauben) Now that you boys have holes in your heads, maybe your brains will get more oxygen! (Digimon: Digital Monsters; writing credit: Dayna Barron) I pretended your jockstrap was an oxygen mask all day today. (Will & Grace; writing credit: Evan Weinstein) Carlton, I think you've been deprived of oxygen at birth. (The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air; writing credit: Hisao Ohkawa; Kaoru Umeno) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Oxygen (1970) | |
Song Titles | LOVE IS LIKE OXYGEN (performing artist: SWEET) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | This is a scanning electron microscope image from normal circulating human blood. One can see red blood cells, several white blood cells including lymphocytes, a monocyte, a neutrophil, and many small disc-shaped platelets. Red cells are nonnucleated, and contain hemoglobin, containing iron an important protein which allows the cell to carry oxygen to other parts of the body. They also carry away carbon dioxide from the lungs. The infection-fighting white blood cells, are classified in 2 main groups: granular and agranular. Granulocytes are formed in bone marrow, agranulocytes are produced by lymph nodes and spleen. There are two types of agranulocytes: lymphocytes, fight disease by producing antibodies and thus destroying foreign material, and monocytes. Platelets are tiny cells formed in bone marrow and are necessary for blood clotting. Credit: Bruce Wetzel (photographer). Harry Schaefer (phot. |  | B. cereus is a Gram-positive beta hemolytic bacteria, which may live in an environment with or without the presence of oxygen, i.e. facultative aerobe. Credit: CDC. |
 | NASA Tugboat Ferries Liquid Oxygen. Credit: NASA. |  | Photographer Byron Hale dressed in flight gear Oxygen mask in use as operating at 24,000 feet Temperatures commonly approached -30 Celsius in camera compartment. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Demonstrating oxygen mask. After arriving at 11,000 feet altitude fresh from sea level, one often feels the need to perk up a little with oxygen before starting the day's work. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Scientists monitor the gravel composition and levels of dissolved oxygen in the creek. The process requires the insertion of plastic pipes into the streambed at a depth where fish eggs are found. The scientists use an oxygen probe to measure the levels of dissolved oxygen and measure the cleanliness of the gravel to determine suitability of the riverbed as spawning habitat. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | A scientist prepares to do sampling for gravel cleanliness and dissolved oxygen levels. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | Narragansett Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve A volunteer performing a Winkler titration to determine the amount of dissolved oxygen in the waters of the estuary. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |
 | Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Fiddler crabs inhabit mudflats. They help provide nutrients and oxygen to the soil with their constant burrowing in the sediments. Credit: National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERR). |  | Small dead crab in hypoxic (no oxygen) sediments off Louisiana. Credit: National Undersea Research Program (NURP). |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Play | Caption |
 | Respirator; assisted breathing; oxygen; lung; lungs; breath; breathing. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Doc Sane | Opportunity is as scarce as oxygen; men fairly breathe it and do not know it. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Free radicals -- see oxygen free radicals. (references) | |
It cannot tolerate drying and can be killed by oxygen. (references) | ||
Reduced blood flow decreases the brain's supply of oxygen. (references) | ||
Business | One such example is the Medozones company from Nizhny Novgorod which specializes in production of medical oxygen generators. (references) | |
Russia has only recently started to develop advanced respiratory equipment such as oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, and air compressors. (references) | ||
U.S. products sold in Russia include motorized wheelchairs, hydro lifts, walking and bathing aids, tread mills, orthopedic products, oxygen concentrators and other respiratory equipment. (references) | ||
Economic History | Hungary | Note there is a reduced VAT of 12 percent for food, books, hotel accommodations, electricity, gas, heating and water supply services, and a zero VAT for some goods such as registered medicine, vitamins, oxygen, and text books. (references) |
Tanzania | These are four ordinary shares companies Tanzania Oxygen Limited (TOL), Tanzania Breweries Limited (TBL), Tanzania Cigarette Company (TCC) Tanzania Tea Packers Limited (TATEPA) and also an East African Development Bank (EADB) Bond. (references) | |
Brazil | Approximately 81% of the Brazilian crude steel production is made in integrated steelworks, whereas 19% are made in non-integrated mills; 88% of it is made in continuous casting process and 12% in conventional casting; 76% are made in oxygen (BOF) process, 22% using electric process. (references) | |
Human Rights | Ukraine | Another abuse is the "baby elephant," in which a gas mask is placed on the prisoner's head and the flow of oxygen slowly reduced. (references) |
Worker Rights | Namibia | For example, in 1999 workers at the Navachab gold mine near Karibib occupied the control room at the Ore Mill and shut down production to protest the extreme heat and shortage of oxygen in the mine's metallurgy plant. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Oxygen" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.67% of the time. "Oxygen" is used about 1,821 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.67% | 1,815 | 4,665 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.33% | 6 | 143,867 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,821 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Japan | Kyodo Oxygen Co., Ltd. | Malaysia | Malaysian Oxygen Berhad |
| South Africa | African Oxygen Ltd | USA | Advanced Oxygen Technologies, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "oxygen": arterial oxygen saturation ♦ biochemical oxygen demand ♦ chemical oxygen demand ♦ chemical oxygen iodine laser ♦ dissolved oxygen ♦ hyperbaric oxygen ♦ lack of oxygen ♦ liquid oxygen ♦ oxygen acid ♦ oxygen acids ♦ oxygen blow ♦ oxygen bottle ♦ Oxygen Compounds ♦ Oxygen Consumption ♦ oxygen cylinder ♦ oxygen debt ♦ oxygen deficiency ♦ oxygen deficit ♦ oxygen ear ♦ Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ♦ Oxygen Isotopes ♦ oxygen mask ♦ oxygen paradox ♦ Oxygen Partnership Alliance ♦ Oxygen Radioisotopes ♦ oxygen saturation of hemoglobin ♦ oxygen supply ♦ oxygen tank ♦ oxygen tent ♦ oxygen therapy ♦ oxygen uptake ♦ oxygen weld ♦ Reactive Oxygen Species. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "oxygen": oxygen-based, oxygen-bearing, oxygen-binding, oxygen-breathing, oxygen-carrying, oxygen-concentration, oxygen-depleted, oxygen-derived, oxygen-free, oxygen-hating, oxygen-hemoglobin, oxygen-intake, oxygen-isotope, oxygen-loving, oxygen-making, oxygen-mediating, oxygen-oriented, oxygen-poor, oxygen-producing, oxygen-rich, oxygen-starved. | |
Ending with "oxygen": free-oxygen. | |
Containing "oxygen": Carbon-Oxygen Ligases, Carbon-Oxygen Lyases, Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
oxygen | 1,748 | hyperbaric oxygen | 75 |
oxygen sensor | 455 | oxygen generator | 73 |
oxygen bar | 308 | dissolved oxygen | 67 |
oxygen network | 296 | love is like oxygen | 62 |
oxygen therapy | 282 | oh oxygen | 57 |
channel oxygen | 273 | chlorite hepatitis immune oxygen virus | 57 |
oxygen magazine | 216 | oxygen cycle | 50 |
manager oxygen phone | 214 | element oxygen | 48 |
oxygen concentrator | 145 | portable oxygen | 46 |
liquid oxygen | 130 | bosch oxygen sensor | 44 |
oxygen mask | 124 | oxygen phone | 41 |
oxygen tv | 118 | oxygen cylinder | 40 |
oxygen media | 114 | bliss oxygen | 40 |
oxygen equipment | 110 | oxygen bleach | 39 |
hyperbaric oxygen therapy | 108 | medical oxygen | 38 |
oxygen concentrators | 108 | aerobic oxygen | 36 |
oxygen tank | 97 | portable oxygen concentrators | 34 |
oxygen analyzer | 87 | chemical oxygen demand | 33 |
dissolved oxygen meter | 85 | oxygen monitor | 31 |
ii manager oxygen phone | 81 | club oxygen | 31 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "oxygen"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | oksigjen. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | أكسجين. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | кислород. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 氧氣 , 氧", 氧 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | kyslík. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | oxygen, oxigen, ilt. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | zuurstof. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | oksigeno. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | اکسیژن(ش.), اکسیژن دار. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | happi (O 2). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | oxygène. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Sauerstoff (O 2). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | οξυγόνο. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | חמצן. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | oxigén. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | zat asam. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Irish | ocsaigin. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | ossigeno (E948, O 2). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 酸 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | さ"そ. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 산소. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | ocsajeen. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Papiamen | zürstòf. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | oxygenay oxigênio (oxygen cylinder), oxigénio. (various references) oxigen. (various references) кислород. (various references) kiseonik (o). (various references) oxígeno. (various references) syre. (various references) ก๊าซออกซิเจน, ออกซิเจน. (various references) oksijen, oksíjen. (various references) kislorod (r). (various references) кисень. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | oxys. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "oxygen": oxygenate, oxygenated, oxygenates, oxygenating, oxygenation, oxygenations, oxygenator, oxygenators, oxygenic, oxygenless, oxygens. (additional references) | |
Words containing "oxygen": deoxygenate, deoxygenated, deoxygenates, deoxygenating, deoxygenation, deoxygenations, unoxygenated. (additional references) | |
| |
"Oxygen" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Coygen, oxegen, oxigen, oxtgen, oxygan, oxygem, oxygene, oxygens, oxygin, oygen, xygen. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "oxygen" (pronounced Ä"ksujun) |
| 4 | -u j u n | antigen, carcinogen, estrogen, glycogen, halogen, hydrogen, nitrogen, origin, pathogen, plasminogen. |
| 3 | -j u n | allergen, bludgeon, burgeon, collegian, contagion, curmudgeon, dudgeon, dungeon, engine, gudgeon, imagine, legion, margin, neurosurgeon, pigeon, region, religion, smidgen, sturgeon, surgeon, trudgen, virgin. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "e-g-n-o-x-y" | |
-2 letters: exon, gone, onyx, oxen. | |
-3 letters: ego, eng, eon, gen, gey, gox, goy, nog, one, oxy, yen, yon. | |
-4 letters: en, ex, go, ne, no, oe, on, ox, oy, ye, yo. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-g-n-o-x-y" | |
+1 letter: oxygens. | |
+2 letters: epoxying, oxygenic, xenogamy, xenogeny. | |
+3 letters: oxygenate. | |
+4 letters: oxygenated, oxygenates, oxygenator, oxygenless. | |
+5 letters: deoxygenate, detoxifying, exogenously, hexagonally, oxygenating, oxygenation, oxygenators, oxyhydrogen. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)4F 78 79 67 65 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)--- -..- -.--. --. . -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001111 01111000 01111001 01100111 01100101 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)O x y g e n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)004F 0078 0079 0067 0065 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)499091737180 |
| Language | Coverage | Language Translations |
Albanian | fjalor, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, transmetim, transferim | shqip, الألبانية, الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanialainen, Albanais, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, albán, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець |
Arabic | معجم, قاموس, الوضوحية في الشيء, حد, تحديد, تعريف, التحديد, الإيضاحية, ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ترجمة, إفتتان | arabishte, العربية, عربي, اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arabialainen, arabe, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський |
Bulgarian | речник, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, транслация, превеждане, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, огъване, превод | bulgr, البلغارية, بلغاري, български, български език, българин, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarialainen, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський |
Chinese | 字典 , 定義 , 定义, 翻译 | kinez, الصينية, لغة الصين, صيني, الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, китайски, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kiinalainen, Chinois, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Sheenish, Sheenagh, chines, chinês, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць |
Czech | slovník, definice, překlad | çek, تشيكي, اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, чешки, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка |
Danish | ordbog, deskriptordefinition, oversættelse | danisht, danishte, لغة الدانمركية, نوع كعك, دانماركي, датски език, датски, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, tanskalainen, danois, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова |
Dutch | woordenboek, definitie, translatie | holandez, هولندي, اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollantilainen, néerlandais, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, "ול "י, holland, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Ollanish, Germaanish, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський |
Esperanto | vortaro, difino, traduko | الاسبرانتو لغة دولية, есперанто, 世界语, esperanton, espéranto, εσπεράντο, אספר טו, eszperanto, eszperantó, エスキモー犬 , エスペラント , эсперанто, esperanto, าษาที่ประ"ิษฐ์ขึ้นเพื่อใช้เป็น าษากลางในการสื่อสารระหว่างประเทศ ซึ่งรากศัพท์ส่วนใหญ่, esperanto dili |
Finnish | määritelmä, translaatio, taajuusmuutos | finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, اللغة الفنلندية, فنلندية, فنلندي, фински език, фински, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський |
French | dictionnaire, définition, traduction | frëngjishte, frëng, franceze, اللغة الفرنسية, فرنسي, الشعب الفرنسي, френски език, френски, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzský, francouzština, ranskalainen, français, französisch, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, γάλλοσ, צרפתית, צרפתי, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , 仏文 , フランス" , 仏 , ふつぶ", ふつ, フレンチ , フランセ , "랑스, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, franses, frances, francês, francezii, franţuzesc, francezã, francez, franţuzeşte, французский, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, fransk, franska, fransızca, fransız, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький |
German | Übersetzung, Wörterbuch, Definition | gjerman, ضرب من الرقص, جرماني, الماني, اللغة الألمانية, المانية, германски, немски език, немски, немец, роден, готически, германец, 德语, 德國 , 德文 , 德語 , nìmec, nìmecký, tysker, Duitse, saksalainen, allemand, "ερμανός, 'רמ ית, 'רמ י, német, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, Germaanish, Germaanagh, Garmane, Carmane, alemão, neamţ, немецкий, germanski, alemán, tysk, าษาเยอรมัน, เยอรมัน, alman, німкеня, німецький, німець |
Greek | λεξικό, ορισμός, μετάφραση | يوناني, اللغة اليونانية, الإغريقي, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, 希腊语, 希臘語 , řek, řecký, řeètina, græker, kreikkalainen, grec, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, greacã, греческий, грек, grčki, grk, grčki jezik, griego, grek, yunanistan'a ait, yunanca, yunan, Yunanli, yunanlı, Rumca, rum, грецький, гречанка, грецька мова |
Hebrew | אוצר מילים, "'"ר", "'בל", תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק | hebraishte, اليهودية, اللغة العبرية, يهودي, عبري, العبرية, иврит, староеврейски език, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejec, hebrejka, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, juutalainen, hébreu, hebräisch, Hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברי, עברית, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebreo, ebraico, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ewnish, Ew, hudiu, hebreu, hebraico, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврей, древнееврейский язык, древнееврейский, еврейский, hibru, hebreo, jude, hebreiska, hebreisk, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, іврит, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, "врейський, "врей |
Hungarian | szótár, meghatározás, definíció, fordítás | مجري, المجري, الهنغاري, هنغاري, اللغة الهنغارية, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, 匈牙利语, 匈牙利語 , maïarský, maïarština, maïar, ungarer, Hongaarse, unkarilainen, hongrois, Ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, unguresc, limba ungarã, limba maghiarã, ungureşte, ungur, maghiar, венгр, венгерский, mađarski jezik, mađarski, mađar, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорський, угорка, угорець |
Indonesian | indonezian, الماليزي أحد أبناء ماليزيا, اللغة الأندونيسية, индонезийски език, индонезийски, 印度尼西亞語 , 印度尼西亚语, indonéština, indonéský, indonésan, indoneser, Indonesisch, Indisch, Indonesiër, indonesialainen, indonésien, Indonesier, Ινδονήσιος, indonéz, indonesiano, インドネシア語 , インドネシア", 인도네시아, Indoneesagh, indones, indonésio, indonésia, индонезийский, индонезиец, indonezijski, indonežanin, indonesio, endonezya'ya ait, endonezyalı, endonezya dili, endonezya, індонезі"ць, індонезійська мова, індонезійський, індонезійка | |
Irish | irlandez, اللغة الأيرلندية, الأيرلنديون, إيرلندي, ирландска стока, сприхавост, келтски език, ирландски език, ирландски, ирландец, 爱"兰, irský, irština, irlantilainen, irlandais, irisch, ιρλανδόσ, ιρλανδικόσ, אירל "י, אירי, ír, gaelach, irlandese, Yernagh, Erinagh, irlandês, irisação, irlandezi, ирландский, irski jezik, irski, irci, irlandés, irländsk, เกี่ยวกับชนชาติ าษาและวั'นธรรมไอร์แลน"์, ชาวไอร์แลน"์, าษาไอร์แลน"์, irlandaca, irlandalı, ірландська мова, ірландський народ, ірландський | |
Italian | dizionario, definizione, traduzione | الإيطالي, اللغة الإيطالية, إيطالي, شخص إيطالي, италиански език, италиански, италианец, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italský, italština, ital, italiener, italialainen, italien, italienisch, Ιταλός, איטלקית, איטלקי, olasz, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, italianã, итальянский язык, итальянец, итальянский, italijan, italijanski jezik, italijanski, italiensk, italienska, italienare, ชาวอิตาลี, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка |
Japanese Kanji | 辭典 , 辞典 , 字引 , 辞林 , 字書 , ディーゼル電気車 , 言海 , 辞彙 , 辞書 , 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , 翻訳 | japonez, يابانية, ياباني, اليابانية, اللغة اليابانية, японски език, японци, японски, 日語 , 日语, 日本 , 日文 , 倭 , japonský, japanilainen, Japonais, japaner, japanisch, ιαπωνικόσ, Ιάπωνας· "ιαπωνέζος, ιάπωνεσ, ιάπων, ιαπωνικά, יפ י, japán, giapponese, 邦語 , 邦人 , ジャスミン茶 , ほう", ジャパニーズ , ほうじ", 일본, Shapaanagh, Shapaanish, hapones, japonês, japonezã, японский, японец, japanski, japanski jezik, japanac, japonés, japansk, คนญี่ปุ่น, าษาญี่ปุ่น, เกี่ยวกับญี่ปุ่น, Japonca, японська мова, японський, японка, японець |
Japanese Katakana | じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, へい"ういどう, やくじゅつ, トランスレーション , やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, ほ"やくしょ | japonez, يابانية, ياباني, اليابانية, اللغة اليابانية, японски език, японци, японски, 日語 , 日语, 日本 , 日文 , 倭 , japonský, japanilainen, Japonais, japaner, japanisch, ιαπωνικόσ, Ιάπωνας· "ιαπωνέζος, ιάπωνεσ, ιάπων, ιαπωνικά, יפ י, japán, giapponese, 邦語 , 邦人 , ジャスミン茶 , ほう", ジャパニーズ , ほうじ", 일본, Shapaanagh, Shapaanish, hapones, japonês, japonezã, японский, японец, japanski, japanski jezik, japanac, japonés, japansk, คนญี่ปุ่น, าษาญี่ปุ่น, เกี่ยวกับญี่ปุ่น, Japonca, японська мова, японський, японка, японець |
Korean | 사 , 의, 번역 | korean, اللغة الكورية, كوري جنوبي, كوري شمالي, كوري, корейски език, корейски, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejec, korejština, korejský, Koreaans, coréen, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτικοσ, κορεάτησ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, limba coreeanã, coreean, кореец, корейский, korejski, korejski jezik, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський |
Manx | fockleyr, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght | gjuha e popullsisë së ishullit men, manština, manský, manx, mann-szigeti nyelv, Manninish, Manninagh, Gaelgagh, Yn Ghaelg, язык жителей о-ва мэн, с о-ва мэн, s ostrva mana, los habitantes de la isla de man, lengua de la isla de man, de la isla de man, från ön man, man adası, man dili, менський, менський діалект |
Papiamen | dikshonario, definishon, tradukshon | |
Portuguese | dicionário, definição, tradução | portugez, portugalisht, اللغة البرتغالية, البرتغالية, البرتغالي, португалски, португалски език, португалец, 葡萄牙語 , 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙语, portugalský, portugiser, portugalilainen, portugais, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalac, portugalski, portugués, portugis, portekizce, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, португальський, португальська мова, португалець |
Romanian | dicţionar, definiţie, determinare, definire, translaţie, traducere, tãlmãcire | rumun, румънски език, румънски, румънец, 罗马尼亚语, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, romanialainen, Roumain, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, român, румынский, румын, rumunski jezik, rumunski, rumano, rumänsk, румунський, румунка, румунська мова, румун |
Russian | словарь, определение, трансляция, сдвиг, перевод, перемещение | روسي, اللغة الروسية, الروسية, руски език, руски, руснак, 俄語 , 俄文 , 俄语, ruština, ruský, russer, venäläinen, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, русский, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, Rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський |
Serbo-Croatian | leksikon, rečnik, definicija, tumačenje | 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, 塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, srpsko-hrvatski, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย |
Spanish | diccionario, definición, traducción | spanjoll, اللغة الأسبانية, الأسبانية, أسباني, испански език, испански, 西班牙語 , 西班牙文 , 西班牙语, španìlský, španìlština, Spaans, espanjalainen, espagnol, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainish, Spaainagh, spañó, espanhol, spaniol, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, испанский, španski, španski jezik, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyol, ispanyolca, іспанський, іспанська мова |
Swedish | ordbok, lexikon, översättning | suedez, اللغة السويدية, шведски, шведски език, швед, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, ruotsalainen, suédois, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський |
Thai | พจนานุกรม | 泰國 , 泰文 , 泰 , 泰語 , 泰国, thailænder, Thais, Thai, thaimaalainen, Thaïlandais, thailändisch, Thailänder, Ταϊλανδός· Ταϊλανδέζος, tailandese, たい", 타이 말, tailandês, tailandés, thailändare, าษาไทย, เกี่ยวกับคนไทย, ที่เกี่ยวกับประเทศไทย, คนไทย, Tayland, Taylandlı, Tayland Dili, Tai Dili, Та"ць, Тайська Мова, Тайський |
Turkish | sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, tercüme | turk, تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, اللغة التركية, турски език, турски, 土耳其語 , 土耳其, turecký, tureètina, turkkilainen, turque, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, turc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türkçe, türk, турецький, турецька мова |
Turkmen | Тюркменски Език, turkmener, Turkmeense, Turkmeen, turkmenistanilainen, Turkmène, Turkmenin, Turkmene, Τουρκομάνος, turkmeno, turcomano, turquemeno, turquemene, turkmenistanier | |
Ukrainian | словник, довідник, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення | ukrainisht, ukrainas, أوكراني أحد أبناء أوكرانيا, الأوكراني, украинец, украински език, 乌克兰, ukrajinec, ukrajinština, ukrajinský, ukrajinka, Oekraïens, ukraino, ukraina, اهل اوکرانی درکشورشوروی , ukrainalainen, ukrainien, ukrainisch, ukrainerin, Ukrainer, ουκρανικόσ, Ουκρανός, ουκρανόσ, ukrán, ucraino, Ookraanagh, Ookraanish, ucraniano, ucrainean, украинский язык, украинский, украинец украинский, ukrajinski, ukrajina, ucranio, ukrainare, ukraynalı, ukrayna, ukraynaca, український, українець |
English | Dictionary, Definition, Translation | anglezët, anglez, gjuhë zngleze, anglishte, anglisht, الإنجليزية, الأنكليزي, إنكليزي, ترجمة إنكليزية, اللغة الإنكليزية, английски език, английски, англичаните, 英语, 英國 , 英文 , 英 , 英語 , anglicky, anglan, englantia, englantilainen, anglais, englisch, εγγλέζοσ, αγγλικόσ, א 'לית, angol, Béarla, inglese, 영국, Sostynagh, Sostnagh, Baarlagh, inglês, englezesc, английский, engleski, englez, engleski jezik, inglés, engelsk, เกี่ยวกับประเทศอังกฤษ, ชาวอังกฤษ, าษาอังกฤษ, ingiltere, ingiliz, Íngílízce, ingilizce, Íngílíz, ýngilizce, англійський, англійці, англійська мова |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Sounds | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Usage Frequency 12. Names: Company Usage | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Translations: Ancient | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Orthography | 21. Bibliography |
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