Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Osteopathy |
OsteopathyNoun1. Therapy based on the assumption that restoring health is best accomplished by manipulating the skeleton and muscles. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "osteopathy" was first used: 1857. (references) |
Etymology: Osteopathy \Os`te*op"a*thy\, noun. [Osteo- Greek expression suffering.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Medicine | A disease of bone. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Osteopathy today is a body of medicine that originally strictly used manipulative techniques for correcting somatic abnormalities thought to cause disease and inhibit recovery. However, over the past century, osteopathy has embraced the full spectrum of medicine, including the use of prescription drugs and surgery as well as manipulative techniques.
The original osteopathic movement, today viewed by scientists as pseudoscience, was founded by doctor Andrew Taylor Still, who was born in 1828 in Virginia. Unhappy with the ways in which his peers prescribed medicines in excess, Still sought more holistic approaches. Observing that the human body had much in common with the machines he worked on earlier in life, Still approached the study of the human body as one would approach the study of a machine. He believed that by shaking a person, one could cure disease. He rejected the idea that germs cause disease.
Over time he and his followers developed a series of specialized physical treatments, for which he coined the name 'Osteopathy.' Dr. Still founded the American School of Osteopathy (now the Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine) in Kirksville, Missouri, for the teaching of osteopathy, on May 10, 1892, that being one of the only places where he wasn't effectively chased out of town by other doctors.
In the late 1800s Still believed that diseases were caused when bones moved out of place, and disrupted the flow of blood, or the flow of nervous impulses; he therefore concluded that one could cure diseases by manipulating bones to restore the supposedly interrupted flow. His critics point out that he never ran any controlled experiments to test his hypothesis. He wrote in his autobiography that he could "shake a child and stop scarlet fever, croup, diphtheria, and cure whooping cough in three days by a wring of its neck." (Andrew Taylor Still, Autobiography, New York, 1972, Arno Press)
"Still was antagonistic toward the drug practices of his day and regarded surgery as a last resort. Rejected as a cultist by organized medicine, he founded the first osteopathic medical school in Kirksville, Missouri, in 1892. As medical science developed, osteopathy gradually incorporated all its theories and practices. Today, except for additional emphasis on musculoskeletal diagnosis and treatment, the scope of osteopathy is identical to that of medicine. The percentage of practitioners who use osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) and the extent to which they use it have been falling steadily." (Source: Dubious Aspects of Osteopathy, Stephen Barrett)
When the state of Missouri was willing to grant him a charter for the awarding of the M.D. degree, he remained unhappy with the practices of his peers and chose instead to grant his own D.O. degree.
Today, osteopathy is taught at 19 different medical schools in the United States.
Today, an osteopath is sometimes described as a mix of an M.D. and a chiropractor. A doctor of osteopathy will follow his or her name with the initials D.O., in much the same way as a Medical Doctor follows his or her name with the initials M.D. (D.O.'s are termed osteopaths, but M.D.'s are not properly termed allopaths, which is a derisive term coined by Hahnemann). Medical students for both D.O. and M.D. follow essentially the same set of studies except for one course in manipulation and increased emphasis on primary care among the osteopathic community.
Osteopathy is a medical body that includes physicians practicing in all fields of medicine, and osteopaths are fully-licensed physicians in all fifty states of the United States.
Osteopaths tend to specialize less then M.D.s and there are, for example, fewer then 20 endocrinologists with D.O. degrees in the US and fewer still of those are in full time practice.
The osteopathic movement and chiropractic movements both started out in the midwest in the 1890s and had similar philosophies; however, osteopathy came to adopt the use of medicine and surgery, whereas chiropractors continue to strictly use manipulative techniques. In the 1960s in California, the differences between osteopathy and maintstream medicine blurred enough that the California Medical Association and the California Osteopathic Association merged, and D.O.s were granted an M.D. degree in exchange for paying $65 and attending a short seminar. The College of Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons became the University of California College of Medicine, Irvine.
History
Doctors of Osteopathy today
Osteopathy vs. Chiropractic vs. Mainstream Medicine
Osteopathic Schools
Further Reading
External Links
References
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Osteopathy."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Remedy | Pharmacy, pharmacology, pharmaceutics; pharmacopoeia, formulary; acology, Materia Medica, therapeutics, posology; homeopathy, allopathy, heteropathy, osteopathy, hydropathy; cold water cure; dietetics; surgery, chirurgery, chirurgy; healing art, leechcraft; |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Osteopathy |
| English words defined with "osteopathy": do, Doctor of Osteopathy. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "osteopathy": fluorine osteopathy. (references) |
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| "Osteopathy" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Osteopathy" is used about 14 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 14 | 93,893 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "osteopathy": Acupuncture Osteopathy ♦ doctor of Osteopathy ♦ fluorine osteopathy. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "osteopathy"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | остепатия. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | osteopati, knoglelidelse. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | osteopathie. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | انواع امراض استخوانی , درمان بوسیله مالش استخوان ومفاصل . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | fluoriosteopatia (fluorine osteopathy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | ostéopathie. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Chiropraxis (cheiropractic, cheiropraxis, chiropractic, chiropraxis). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | χειροπραξία, οστεοπαθητική. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | osteopatia. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | laue-lheeys (surgery). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | osteopathyay osteopatia. (various references) osteopatie. (various references) osteopatía. (various references) fluoros (chronic fluorine intoxication, fluorine osteopathy, fluorosis). (various references) การรักษาโรคกระ"ูก. (various references) kırıkçılık. (various references) остеопатія. (various references) thuật nắn xương. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Greek | 700 BCE-300 CE | osteon. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Misspellings | |
"Osteopathy" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: osteopthy, ostiopath. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| Words rhyming with "osteopathy" (pronounced 'Os`te*op"a*thy'): Adenopathy, Allopathy, Angiopathy, Antipathy, Apathy, Arthropathy, Blameworthy, Cenanthy, Cerebropathy, Chrestomathy, Cyanopathy, Echopathy, homeopathy, hydropathy, idiopathy, Lethy, Leucopathy, Monopathy, Motorpathy, Myopathy, Neuropathy, Noteworthy, Opsimathy, Otopathy, Painsworthy, Philomathy, Polymathy, Praiseworthy, Psychopathy, seaworthy, Somnipathy, Spiranthy, telepathy, trustworthy, Unsympathy, unworthy. (additional references) |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-h-o-o-p-s-t-t-y" | |
-1 letter: osteopath. | |
-2 letters: oophytes, photoset, postheat, potatoes. | |
-3 letters: hotspot, oophyte, potshot, teapots, teapoys, teashop, toyshop, typhose. | |
-4 letters: aptest, hooeys, pathos, phooey, photos, potash, potato, pottos, sapote, soothe, spathe, spotty, teapot, teapoy, tepoys, thetas, toasty, tooths, toothy, tootsy, tophes, tythes, yahoos. | |
-5 letters: atopy, ephas, estop, ethos, haets, haste, hasty, hates, heaps, heats, hooey, hoops, hoots, hooty, hopes. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-h-o-o-p-s-t-t-y" | |
+3 letters: hypothecators, photosynthate. | |
+4 letters: hypothecations, photosynthates, phytopathogens. | |
+5 letters: osteopathically. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)4F 73 74 65 6F 70 61 74 68 79 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)--- ... - . --- .--. .- - .... -.--. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001111 01110011 01110100 01100101 01101111 01110000 01100001 01110100 01101000 01111001 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)O s t e o p a t h y |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)004F 0073 0074 0065 006F 0070 0061 0074 0068 0079 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)49858671818267867491 |
| Language | Coverage | Language Translations |
Bulgarian | речник, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, транслация, превеждане, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, огъване, превод | български, български език, българин, bulgarer, bulgarialainen, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bulgaro, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri |
Danish | ordbog, deskriptordefinition, oversættelse | датски език, датски, tanskalainen, danois, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, danese, Danvargish, Danvargagh, dinamarquês, danez, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch |
Dutch | woordenboek, definitie, translatie | холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, hollandsk, hollantilainen, néerlandais, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, olandese, Ollanish, Germaanish, holandês, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, holandés, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã" |
Finnish | määritelmä, translaatio, taajuusmuutos | фински език, фински, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, finlandese, Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan |
French | dictionnaire, définition, traduction | френски език, френски, ranskalainen, français, französisch, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, γάλλοσ, francese, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, francês, francezii, franţuzesc, francezã, francez, franţuzeşte, francés, fransk, franska, fransızca, fransız, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький |
German | wörterbuch, Übersetzung | германски, немски език, немски, немец, роден, готически, германец, tysker, Duitse, saksalainen, allemand, deutsch, Deutsche, "ερμανός, tedesco, Germaanish, Germaanagh, Garmane, Carmane, alemão, neamţ, alemán, tysk, าษาเยอรมัน, เยอรมัน, alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister |
Greek | λεξικό, ορισμός, μετάφραση | гръцки език, гръцки, грък, græker, kreikkalainen, grec, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, greco, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, greacã, griego, grek, yunanistan'a ait, yunanca, yunan, Yunanli, yunanlı, Rumca, rum, грецький, гречанка, грецька мова, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, kẻ lừa đảo, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm |
Italian | dizionario, definizione, traduzione | италиански език, италиански, италианец, italiener, italialainen, italien, italienisch, Ιταλός, italiano, Iddaalish, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, italianã, italiensk, italienska, italienare, ชาวอิตาลี, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка |
Manx | fockleyr, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght | manx, Manninish, Manninagh, Gaelgagh, Yn Ghaelg, los habitantes de la isla de man, lengua de la isla de man, de la isla de man, från ön man, man adası, man dili, менський, менський діалект |
Portuguese | dicionário, definição, tradução | португалски, португалски език, португалец, portugiser, portugalilainen, portugais, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portoghese, Portiugish, Portiugagh, português, portughez, portugués, portugis, portekizce, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, португальський, португальська мова, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha |
Romanian | dicţionar, definiţie, determinare, definire, translaţie, traducere, tãlmãcire | румънски език, румънски, румънец, rumæner, Roemeens, romanialainen, Roumain, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, rumeno, Roomainagh, romeno, român, rumano, rumänsk, румунський, румунка, румунська мова, румун |
Spanish | diccionario, definición, traducción | испански език, испански, Spaans, espanjalainen, espagnol, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, spagnolo, Spaainish, Spaainagh, espanhol, spaniol, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyol, ispanyolca, іспанський, іспанська мова |
Swedish | ordbok, lexikon, definition, översättning | шведски, шведски език, швед, Zweeds, ruotsalainen, suédois, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svedese, Soolynish, Soolynagh, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển |
Thai | พจนานุกรม | thailænder, Thais, Thai, thaimaalainen, Thaïlandais, thailändisch, Thailänder, Ταϊλανδός· Ταϊλανδέζος, tailandese, tailandês, tailandés, thailändare, าษาไทย, เกี่ยวกับคนไทย, ที่เกี่ยวกับประเทศไทย, คนไทย, Tayland, Taylandlı, Tayland Dili, Tai Dili, Та"ць, Тайська Мова, Тайський |
Turkish | sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, tercüme | турски език, турски, turkkilainen, turque, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, turc, turco, turkisk, türkçe, türk, турецький, турецька мова, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ |
Ukranian | словник, довідник, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення | |
Vietnamese | có tính chất sách vở, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích | виетнамски език, виетнамски, vietnameser, vietnamilainen, vietnamien, vietnamesin, vietnamesisch, vietnamese, 'ιετναμέζος, vietnamita, vietnames, vietnamlı, vietnam dili, vietnam, в'"тнамець, в'"тнамський, người Việt nam tiếng Việt |
English | Dictionary, Definition, Translation | английски език, английски, англичаните, englantia, englantilainen, anglais, englisch, εγγλέζοσ, αγγλικόσ, inglese, Sostynagh, Sostnagh, Baarlagh, inglês, englezesc, inglés, engelsk, เกี่ยวกับประเทศอังกฤษ, ชาวอังกฤษ, าษาอังกฤษ, ingiltere, ingiliz, Íngílízce, ingilizce, Íngílíz, ýngilizce, англійський, англійці, англійська мова |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Usage Frequency | 5. Expressions 6. Expressions: Internet 7. Translations: Modern 8. Translations: Ancient | 9. Derivations 10. Rhymes 11. Anagrams 12. Orthography | 13. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
