Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Orientation |
OrientationNoun1. The act of orienting. 2. An integrated set of attitudes and beliefs. 3. Position or alignment relative to points of the compass or other specific directions. 4. A predisposition in favor of something; "a predilection for expensive cars"; "his sexual preferences"; "showed a Marxist orientation". 5. A person's awareness of self with regard to position and time and place and personal relationships. 6. A course introducing a new situation or environment. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "orientation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1870. (references) |
Etymology: Orientation \O`ri*en*ta"tion\, noun. [Compare to the French expression orientation.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Chemistry | A proton. . . will be able to assume. . . one of two possible --. . Source: European Union. (references) |
| The alignment of a crystal structure in a required manner, described by reference to fundamental crystal planes. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Electrical Engineering | A system providing alternative polarisation to prevent cross-mating of similar components when, for instance, used on the same equipment. Source: European Union. (references) |
Energy | The alignment of a building along a given axis to face a specific geographical direction. The alignment of a solar collector, in number of degrees east or west of true south. (references) |
| The position of a building relativeto the points of a compass. (references) | |
Fine Arts | In the manufacture of plastic films and sheets, the stretching by cold drawing or other means so that the molecules are rearranged into an orderly structure. . . increasing the strength of th e material. . Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Orientation The placing of the east window of a church due east, that is, so that the rising sun may at noon shine on the altar. Anciently, churches were built with their axes pointing to the rising sun on the saint's day; so that a church dedicated to St. John was not parallel to one dedicated to St. Peter. The same practice prevailed both in Egypt and ancient Greece. Modern churches are built as nearly due east and west as circumstances will allow, quite regardless of the saint's day. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Mining | A. Arrangement in space of the axes of a crystal with respect to a chosen reference or coordinate system. See also:preferred orientatio b. In surveying, the rotation of a map (or instrument) until the line of direction between any two of its points is parallel to the corresponding direction in nature. c. In structural petrology, refers to the arrangement in space of particles (grains or atoms) of which a rock is composed d. The act or process of setting a diamond in the crown of a bit in such an attitude that one of its hard vector planes will contact the rock and be the surface that cuts or abrades it. e. As used in borehole surveying and directional drilling practice, orientation refers to the method and procedure used in placing an instrument or tool, such as a deflection wedge, in a drilled hole so that its directional position, bearing, or azimuth is known f. The position of important sets of planes in a crystal in relation to any fixed system of planes g. The spatial relationship between crystallographic axes and principle optic directions in anisotropic minerals.h. The characteristic sheen or iridescence displayed by pearl. (references) |
Post & Telecom | Angular rotation of the rest position of the camsleeve of a receiving instrument, with the object of improving its receiving margin. Source: European Union. (references) |
Public Administration | As applied to a teletypewriter, an adjustment of the time the receiving apparatus starts selection. Source: European Union. (references) |
Solar | The direction that a solar energy collector faces. The two components of orientation are thetilt angle (the angle the collector makes from the horizontal) and theaspect angle (the angle the collector makes from North). (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In geometry and topology, a surface in is called orientable, if, roughly speaking, it is possible to consistently distinguish between the two sides of the surface. Take for instance a sphere: we can distinguish between the inside and the outside, and therefore the sphere is orientable. The whole two-dimensional x-y plane, thought of as a subset of three-dimensional space, is also orientable: we can distinguish between "above" and "below". The Möbius strip is not orientable: it really has only one side. Similarly, the Klein bottle is not orientable, because one cannot distinguish between the inside and the outside.In general, the property of being orientable is not equivalent to being two-sided; however, this holds when the ambient space (such as above) is orientable.
Orientability, for surfaces, is easily defined, regardless of whether the surface is embedded in an ambient space or not. Any surface has a triangulation: a decomposition into triangles such that each edge on a triangle is glued to at most one other edge. We can orient each triangle, by choosing a direction for each edge (think of this as drawing an arrow on each edge) so that the arrows go from head to tail as we go around the boundary of the triangle. If we can do this so that in addition triangles sharing an edge have arrows on that edge going in opposite directions, then we call what we've done an orientation for the surface. Note that whether the surface is orientable is indpendent of triangulation; this fact is not obvious, but a standard exercise.
This rather precise definition is based on intuition gathered from observing the following phenomenon:
Imagine a capital "R" written on the surface, that can freely slide along the surface but cannot be lifted off the surface (that letter is chosen because of its asymmetry). If the surface is a Möbius band, and the letter slides all the way around the band and returns to its starting point, then it will look like a mirror-image of an "R" rather than the "R" it looked like originally. If the surface is a sphere, on the other hand, that cannot happen.
The relation to the definition above is that sliding the "R" around from triangle to triangle in a triangulation gives an orientation for each triangle; the "R" in a triangle induces an obvious choice of arrow for each edge. The only obstruction to consistently orienting all the triangles is that when the "R" returns to its original starting triangle, it may induce choices of arrows going opposite to the original choice. Clearly, if this never happens, then we want the surface to be orientable, whereas if this does happen, then we want to call the surface non-orientable.
The definition above can be generalized to an n-manifold that has a triangulation, but there are problems with that approach: some four manifolds do not have a triangulation, and some 5-manifolds (and some n-manifolds in general) have triangulations that are inequivalent.
Another way of thinking about orientability is thinking of it as a choice of "right handedness" vs. "left handedness" at each point in the manifold.
Formally, a -dimensional differentiable manifold is called orientable if it posesses a differential form of degree which is nonzero at every point on the manifold. Conversely, given such a form , we say that the manifold is oriented by . The crucial point to observe here is that such a differential form gives a choice of "right handed" basis at each point. A traveler in an orientable manifold will never change his/her handedness by going on a round trip.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Orientability."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Sexual orientation, sexual preference or sexual inclination describes the object of a person's erotic desires, fantasies and feelings, which is usually another person:
They are used too the abbreviations m. for male (or man ) and f. or w. for female ( or woman), specially in chats and SMS. Ephebephiles are those men who are attracted to boys between the ages of 14 and 18 whereas pederasts are typically attracted to pre-prebuscent boys. Erotic objects may be also be inanimate (see fetish) or non-human (see bestiality). A few people claim to be asexual, with no sexual interest in any person or object.
- heterosexual (opposite sex/gender); abbr : het.
- homosexual (same sex); abbr. hom.
- bisexual (both sexes); abbr. bi.
- asexual (neither sex)
Most people distinguish between sexual orientation and sexual behaviour. In this view, sexual abstinence does not have an effect on a person's sexual orientation. Thus we may speak of a heterosexual virgin or a homosexual celibate. Some advocates insist that a heterosexual who engages in homosexual activity (as in prison) should not be considered bisexual.
There have been different views in the past. In some cases, a person was considered homosexual, for example, if and only if they had homosexual sex; in other cases, a person could have homosexual sex on occasion, but still be considered to be heterosexual in orientation.
The term sexual preference was used in the late 20th century by gay rights advocates promoting the view that each person should have the right to seek out the partner they prefer, whether of the opposite sex or the same sex. The term sexual orientation is now prefered by most gay rights advocates for its emphasis on fixed sexual identity, although both terms still see use.
Psychological and Sociological Viewpoints
For many years the common assumption, shared by many scientists and religious communities, was that the natural and normal human sexual orientation is exclusively for the opposite sex (heterosexual). Sexual studies carried out during and after the 1950s lead psychologists and doctors to recognize homosexuality as a second exclusive orientation. Since then similar acceptance has grown for non-exclusive orientations, such as bisexuality.
Sigmund Freud famously characterized humans as naturally "polymorphously perverse," meaning either that practically any object can be a source of erotic fulfillment, or that babies are relatively indifferent to the object of erotic fulfillment. Freud argued that as the child grows, the objects of erotic fulfillment become more clearly defined and limited (whether this is the result of a biological or a social process is a matter of debate). Anthropologists have observed that around the world many people, including people within the same culture, may be oriented towards a variety of objects. Nevertheless, most scholars assume that in any given society what is considered an appropriate object of desire is highly regulated and limited. Moreover, some cultural traditions (especially religious) assert that people should have only one class of objects of desire.
According to two controversial studies, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953) by Dr. Alfred C. Kinsey, when asked to rate themselves on a continuum from completely heterosexual to completely homosexual, and when the individuals behavior as well as their identify is analyzed, the majority of people appear to be at least somewhat bisexual, i.e., most people have some attraction to either sex, although usually one sex is preferred. According to Kinsey, only a minority (5-10%) can be considered fully heterosexual or homosexual. Conversely, only an even smaller minority can be considered fully bisexual. This led Kinsey to propose the what has since become known as the Kinsey scale.
Most modern scientific surveys find that the majority of people report a mostly heterosexual orientation. However the relative percentage of the population that reports a homosexual orientation varies with differing methodologies and selection criteria. Most of these statistical findings are in the range of 2.8 to 9 percent of males, and 1 to 5 percent of females for the United States (source: [1], page 24 -- this figure can be as high as 12% for some large cities and as low as 1% percent for rural areas). Almost all of these studies have found that homosexual males occur roughly at twice the rate as homosexual females. Estimates for the percentage of the population that identify as bisexual vary widely based on the type of questions asked. Some studies only consider a person bisexual if they are nearly equally attracted to both sexes, and others consider a person bisexual if they are at all attracted to the same sex (for otherwise mostly heterosexual persons) or to the opposite sex (for otherwise mostly homosexual persons). (need to find the current estimates and ranges for the percent of the population that identifies as bisexual)
A very small percentage of people are not sexually attracted to anyone (asexuality).
For more see: Anthropological classification of homosexuality
Religious and Moral Viewpoints
Much religious teaching maintains that sexual behavior should conform to moral and religious codes. For example, Christianity has traditionally considered homosexuality to be morally wrong. Recently, the level of acceptance of homosexuality within christianity has, in general, increased.
Wider issues of sexual morality are also considered by many religions. Some religions advocate chastity or celibacy for some members, and many religions condemn incest and bestiality. Often religious views of sexual orientation are based on considerations of what seems natural.
For more see: Religion and homosexuality, Homosexuality and morality, Buddhist views of homosexuality, Christian views of homosexuality, Islamic views of homosexuality, Jewish views of homosexuality, Neopagan views of homosexuality, Unification Church views of sexuality, sexual morality
Sexual orientation as a "construction"
Many people in Western societies today speak of sexual orientation as a unified and actual thing. Over the past thirty years some anthropologists, historians, and literary critics have pointed out that it in fact comprises a variety of different things, including a specific object of erotic desire, and forms of erotic fulfilment (i.e. sexual behaviors). Some scholars have argued that "sexual orientation" and specific sexual orientations are historical and social constructions. In 1976 the historian Michel Foucault argued that homosexuality as a concept did not exist as such in the 18th century; that people instead spoke of "sodomy" (which involved specific sexual acts regardless of the sex of the actors) as a crime that was often ignored but sometimes punished severely (see sodomy law). He further argued that it was in the 19th century that homosexuality came into existence as practitioners of emerging sciences as well as arts sought to classify and analyze different forms of sexual perversion. Finally, Foucault argues that it was this emerging discourse that allowed some to claim that homosexuality is natural, and therefore a legitimate sexual orientation.
Foucault's suggestions about Western sexuality led other historians and anthropologists to abandon the 19th century project of classifying different forms of sexual behavior or sexual orientation to a new project that asks "what is sexuality and how do people in different places and at different times understand their bodies and desires?" For example, they have argued that the famous case of some Melanesian societies in which adult men and pre-pubescent and adolescent boys engage in oral sex is not comparable to similar acts in the United States or Europe; that Melanesians do not understand or explain such acts in terms of sexual desire or as a sexual behavior, and that it in fact reflects a culture with a very different notion of sex, sexuality, and gender. Some historians have made similar claims about so-called homosexuality in ancient Greece; that behaviors that appear to be homosexual in modern Western societies may have been understood by ancient Greeks in entirely different ways.
At stake in these new views are two different points. One is the claim that human sexuality is extraordinarily plastic, and that specific notions about the body and sexuality are socially constructed. The other is the fundamentally anthropological claim of cultural relativism: that human behavior should be interpreted in the context of its cultural environment, and that the language of one culture is often inappropriate for describing practices or beliefs in another culture. A number of contemporary scholars who have come to reject Foucault's specific arguments about Western sexuality nevertheless have accepted these basic theoretical and methodological points.
Factors affecting sexual orientation
The causes of sexual orientation are controversial. Various factors have been advocated, including genetic factors, non-genetic biological factors, psychological and societal factors, and conscious choice. The morality of different sexual orientations is also hotly debated: see sexual morality, religion and homosexuality.
Research and the expererience of non-heterosexuals, is now opening another viewpoint that sexual orientation is set in early childhood and perhaps even earlier. Studies of homosexual identical twins suggest that when one twin is homosexual that there is a 40 to 60 percent chance that the other twin will also be homosexual. In fraternal twins the figure is 15 to 30 percent. For same sex non-twin siblings the figure is 5 to 10 percent, or roughly the background level (ranges are from a combination of [1] & [1]).
For many, these data strongly indicate a significant biological influence on sexual orientation. For many others, including 2 of the 3 authors (Bailey and Pollard) of the studies cited above, there is a worry that recruiting subjects from readers of gay advocacy magazines may skew the results.
In Western cultures, in the last quarter of the 20th century, various advocates began espousing the view that the sexual orientation of adults is impossible to change, regardless of a person's actions or decisions. A minority continues to believe that re-orientation from homosexuality to heterosexuality is possible, for those who choose to change (see reparative therapy, International Healing Foundation). This view is especially held by religious groups or groups connected to them.
For more see: causes of sexual orientation, Genetic basis for homosexuality
See also: affectional orientation, sexual behavior, reparative therapy, queer, lesbigay.
External links
- American Psychological Association:Answers to Your Questions About Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Sexual orientation."
Synonyms: OrientationSynonyms: orientation course (n), predilection (n), preference (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Laterality | Points of the compass; East, Orient, Levant; West; orientation. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | But seriously, that'll all be covered in the orientation. (Being John Malkovich; writing credit: Charlie Kaufman) Vodka, rum, gin, gay, bi, straightthis party was a veritable pu pu platter of sexual orientation. (Sex and the City; writing credit: Mark Leiren-Young) | |
Movie/TV Titles | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The "face" on Mars. Taken from image 035A72. The image wasclipped, inverted (to produce the usual orientation which has been published),magnified by a factor of three, and contrast enhanced again, all usingColor It!™. (Note: Much of the "blocky" nature of the image is causedby the lossy compression scheme used in JPEG files.). Credit: NASA. |  | Charles Kearse Pondering the orientation problems of a multi-beam sounding system During acceptance trials of Sea Beam system. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | A winter sunset over the North Slope - note the parallel ridges in the snow. They always lay ENE-WSW in this area. The orientation of the ridges was used to navigate away from camp. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Orientation Gallery of the NHOTIC. Credit: BLM Staff. |
 | Rogue River - Wild section. Raft/Scenery. BLM Orientation trip. Credit: Becky Brown. |  | [Members of the 16th orientation course outside Building 1]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Chart showing the positions of ships inside Pearl Harbor at the time of the Japanese Attack, at about 0800 on 7 December. The orientation of the compass direction arrow in the chart's center is turned approximately 45 degrees too far in a counterclockwise direction. Some of the ships moored in "nests" in the northern part of the harbor are listed in incorrect order. Credit: NAVY. |  | Hands her hat to another WAVE officer, as she boards a training plane for an orientation flight, at Naval Air Station, Squantum, Massachusetts, October 1943. The plane appears to be an N3N. Credit: NAVY. |
 | Climbs out of the after cockpit of a Stearman N2S training plane, following an orientation flight at Naval Air Station, Ottumwa, Iowa, circa 1944-45. The pilot is Lieutenant (Junior Grade) Keith W. Sharer, USNR, a flight instructor at the Station. Credit: NAVY. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | When balance is impaired, an individual has difficulty maintaining orientation. (references) | |
Participants receive one-on-one orientation from FDA scientists and attend division drug review meetings. (references) | ||
The semicircular canals and the visual and skeletal systems have specific functions that determine an individual's orientation. (references) | ||
Business | At the same time, with the development of local commercial banks, there may be a change of orientation of banks and financial institutions. (references) | |
Pakistan's airline industry is in the early stages of market orientation, whereby the Pakistan International Airlines, the national flag carrier no longer enjoys an absolute monopoly position. (references) | ||
CE&T growth segments include platform-specific certifications and orientation training, and customer-specific training targeted to corporate, government and Small Office Home Office (SOHO) users. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Macau | The dominant newspapers have a pro-China orientation. (references) |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | His successor, Frano Ljubic, has allowed activities in West Mostar University to revert to their previous Croat nationalist orientation. (references) | |
Discrimination | Namibia | Although the Constitution prohibits discrimination, it does not mention specifically sexual orientation. (references) |
Economic History | Lebanon | Lebanon has a classic free market orientation. (references) |
Romania | The 1996 local elections realized a major shift in the political orientation of the Romanian electorate. (references) | |
Lesotho | Distinctions and differences in political orientation between the major parties have blurred in recent years. (references) | |
Human Rights | Guatemala | The Secretariat for Social Welfare runs four Centers for the Treatment and Orientation of Minors: one for girls and three for boys. (references) |
Romania | In January, a police officer admitted on Romanian television that Georgescu had been detained solely because of his sexual orientation. (references) | |
Guatemala | On November 10, inmates of the Orientation Center for Women in Fraijanes rioted after the director restricted the visitation policy to permit family members (and not friends or boyfriends) to enter. (references) | |
Minorities | Belgium | In 2000 the Government expanded the mandate of the center to fight discrimination on the basis of gender, sexual orientation, birth, civil status, ill health, age, and disability. (references) |
Political Economy | Romania | The Democratic Party (PD) has a social democratic orientation. (references) |
Finland | It is generally center-right in orientation and supportive of EU membership. (references) | |
Trade | West Bank | TDA also organized and financed orientation visits to the U.S. for power and telecommunications officials from WB/G. (references) |
Ukraine | Defense Conversion-TDA is providing funding ($150,000) for an Orientation Visit for representatives of Kharkiv-based defense enterprises. (references) | |
Azerbaijan | Activities funded by TDA include: full or partial financing of feasibility studies, orientation visits, training grants and various forms of technical assistance. (references) | |
Travel | West Bank | Although business orientation has been toward Europe and the Gulf, local entrepreneurs seek American partners because of their technical expertise and know-how. (references) |
Women | Paraguay | Under the plan, an office of care and orientation receives reports on violence against women and coordinates responses with the National Police, primary health care units, the Attorney General's office, and NGO's. (references) |
Czech Republic | Amendments to the law in 1999 and 2000 explicitly prohibit employment discrimination based on a variety of factors, including sex, race, skin color, sexual orientation, language, faith, health and family status, and repeated offenses are punishable by fines of up to 1 million Czech crowns. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Dominican Republic | One NGO, the Center for Integral Orientation and Investigation (COIN), counsels women planning to accept job offers in Europe and the eastern Caribbean about immigration, health, and other issues including the dangers of trafficking, forced prostitution, and domestic servitude. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Recent tensions, the restrictions on the press and political activity, an inordinate Cuban presence in the country and the tragic killing by the security forces of a businessman well known for his democratic orientation, cause us considerable concern. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Discrimination or violence because of race or religion, ancestry or gender, disability or sexual orientation, is wrong, and it ought to be illegal. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Orientation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.90% of the time. "Orientation" is used about 1,038 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.9% | 1,037 | 7,167 |
| Noun (common) | 0.1% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 1,038 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "orientation": change orientation ♦ channel orientation ♦ font orientation ♦ orientation course ♦ orientation point ♦ political orientation ♦ religious orientation ♦ sexual orientation ♦ typeface orientation ♦ value orientation. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "orientation": orientation-a. | |
Ending with "orientation": customer-orientation, male-orientation, object-orientation, re-orientation, value-orientation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "orientation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | orientim (aspect, course, denotation, direction, steer), koordinim (consentaneity, liaison, matching, timing), drejtim (accost, administration, conduct, course, direction, directorship, disposal, drift, guide, headship, helm, lead, leadership, lie, line, management, manual, operation, quarter, rectification, regimen, resort, run, set, steerage, supervision, tenor, trend, vector, way). (various references) | |
Arabic | تكيف وفقا للظروف, توجيه نحو الشرق, توجيه (control, directing, direction, guidance, leading, steering, training), توجهات, توجه (go to), إتجاه (bearing, course, direction, drift, movement, persuasion, quarter, range, sense, temper, tendency, tenor, trend). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | ориентация, ориентировка (bearing), ориентиране, насочване (homing, specialization, steering). (various references) | |
Chinese | 方向 (direction, path to follow), 取向. (various references) | |
Czech | orientace. (various references) | |
Danish | orientering (aspect, attitude, attitude (of strata), position). (various references) | |
Dutch | oriëntatie (attitude, bias, pose), oriëntatie, tijdvaststelling, ligging (site). (various references) | |
Finnish | orientointi, orientaatio, suunnistautuminen. (various references) | |
French | orientation. (various references) | |
German | Orientierung (alignment, bearings, information), ausrichtung (alignment, bias, justification, lining up). (various references) | |
Greek | σύστημα προσανατολισμού, πρασανατολισμός, προσανατολισμόσ, προσανατολισμός (bearings). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מכוו ות, אורי טצי", כוון (aim, course, direction, intention, intonation, lead, tack, tendency, tenor, way), "תמצאות. (various references) | |
Hungarian | tájékozódás (bearing, Mark), eligazodás, tájékoztatás (back tell, brief, information, line, public information, reference), politikai irány, orientáció, keletelés, kelet felé fordulás, eligazítás (brief, briefing, despatch, detail, dispatch). (various references) | |
Indonesian | orientasi. (various references) | |
Italian | orientamento (directing, leanings, positioning, tendencies). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 標定 (standardization), 定位 (position), オリーヴ色 (olive brown, olive colour, oriental, orientalism), オリエンテーション教育 (Orient, oriented, orienteering). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ひょうてい (assessing, standardization), オリエンテーションきょういく, オリエンテーション , ていい (imperial majesty, lower position, position, the crown, the throne). (various references) | |
Korean | 오리"테이션. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | orientationay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | orientação (bearings, conduct, departure, exposure, leading, superintendence). (various references) | |
Romanian | orientare (aspect, management, orientalist, trend). (various references) | |
Russian | ориентация, ориентировка, ориентирование. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | orijentisanje, orijentacija, snalaženje u prostoru. (various references) | |
Spanish | orientación (orienteering, training, trim). (various references) | |
Swedish | orientering (alignment, briefing, guidance, orienteering). (various references) | |
Thai | การกำหน"เป้าหมาย, ความเชื่อ (belief). (various references) | |
Turkish | oryantasyon, yönlendirme (guidance, inducement, processing), yöneltme, yön belirleme, uyum sağlama (conformance), doğuya doğru inşa etme. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | спрямування в певний бік, розташування відносно чогось, координування, визначення міста судна, орі"нтування (declination), орі"нтація (bearing, finding), напрям на схід. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự định hướng. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "orientation": orientational, orientationally, orientations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "orientation": disorientation, misorientation, reorientation. (additional references) | |
Words containing "orientation": disorientations, misorientations, reorientations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Orientation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: oriantation, Orientacion, oriention. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "orientation" (pronounced ô'rēentā"shun) |
| 7 | -e n t ā" sh u n | argumentation, augmentation, documentation, implementation, misrepresentation, ornamentation, ostentation, regimentation, representation. |
| 6 | -n t ā" sh u n | fermentation, confrontation, disorientation, experimentation, fragmentation, implantation, incantation, indentation, instrumentation, pigmentation, plantation, presentation, recantation, sedimentation, segmentation, transplantation. |
| 5 | -t ā" sh u n | facilitation, accreditation, adaptation, affectation, agitation, amputation, annotation, cetacean, citation, cogitation, cohabitation, computation, connotation, consultation, crustacean, decapitation, deforestation, deportation, devastation, dictation, dilatation, disputation, dissertation, equitation, excitation, exhortation, expectation, exploitation, flirtation, flotation, gestation, gravitation, habitation, hesitation, imitation, importation, imputation, incapacitation, incrustation, infestation, inhabitation, interpretation, invitation, irritation, lactation, levitation, limitation, manifestation, meditation, misinterpretation, molestation, mutation, notation, palpitation, permutation, precipitation, premeditation, protestation, quotation, recitation, reforestation, refutation, rehabilitation, reinterpretation, reputation, resuscitation, rotation, sanitation, solicitation, station, superstation, temptation, transportation, vegetation, visitation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | falsification, fascination, federation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, animation, annexation, annihilation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, characterization, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, deviation, differentiation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, dispensation, disqualification, dissemination, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, fixation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gyration, hallucination, harmonization, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implication, impregnation, improvisation, inactivation, inauguration, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incubation, indemnification, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, legalization, legislation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, origination, oscillation, ossification, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, predestination, prefabrication, preoccupation, preparation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recapitalization, recertification, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reformation, refrigeration, regeneration, registration, regulation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, repudiation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | faction, fashion, fiction, fission, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, abduction, abolition, abortion, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-i-i-n-n-o-o-r-t-t" | |
-2 letters: iteration, itinerant, nitration, tretinoin. | |
-3 letters: anointer, antiriot, intonate, intranet, notation, reanoint, rotation, triennia. | |
-4 letters: arnotto, enation, entrain, entrant, inertia, intoner, intrant, intreat, introit, iterant, nattier, nitrate, nitrite, nittier, oration, rattoon, ternion, tertian, tinnier, tontine, tortoni, tritone. | |
-5 letters: anoint, aroint, atoner, attire, attorn, enroot, eonian, inaner, innate, intent, intern, intine, intone, intort, intron, ionone, narine. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-i-i-n-n-o-o-r-t-t" | |
+1 letter: orientations. | |
+2 letters: interpolation, interrogation, orientational, renegotiation, reorientation. | |
+3 letters: concretization, disorientation, ethnohistorian, interpolations, interrogations, misorientation, remonetization, renegotiations, reorientations. | |
+4 letters: codetermination, concretizations, conservationist, disorientations, ethnohistorians, interiorization, intermodulation, interpopulation, interrogational, introspectional, misorientations, nonstationaries, orientationally, prenotification, recontamination, remonetizations. | |
+5 letters: anticonservation, antievolutionary, codeterminations, conservationists, containerisation, containerization, counterinflation, countertradition, interassociation, intercorrelation, interiorizations, intermodulations, magnetostriction, prenotifications, recontaminations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition |
