Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Onerous

Definition: Onerous

Onerous

Adjective

1. Not easily borne; wearing; "the burdensome task of preparing the income tax return"; "my duties weren't onerous; I only had to greet the guests"; "a taxing schedule".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "onerous" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1615. (references)


Synonyms: Onerous

Synonyms: burdensome (adj), taxing (adj). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Onerous

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Difficulty

Adjective: difficult, not easy, hard, tough; troublesome, toilsome, irksome; operose, laborious, onerous, arduous, Herculean, formidable; sooner said than done; more easily said than done, easier said than done.

Hindrance

In the way of, unfavorable; onerous, burdensome; cumbrous, cumbersome; obtrusive.

Inexpedience

Oppressive, burdensome, onerous; malign; (malevolent).

Pain

Ruinous, disastrous, calamitous, tragical; desolating, withering; burdensome, onerous, oppressive; cumbrous, cumbersome.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Onerous

English words defined with "onerous": burden, burdensomeencumbranceincumbranceloadOnerous cause, onerously, onusquitridtaxing. (references)
Specialty definitions using "onerous": onerous bequest, onerous gift, onerous legacyTariff Act of 1930. (references)

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Historic Usage: Onerous

AuthorDateQuotation

Treaty of Versailles

1919

In particular the vessels of any one of the Allied or Associated Powers shall be entitled to transport goods of any description, and passengers, to or from any ports or places in German territory to which German vessels may have access, under conditions which shall not be more onerous than those applied in the case of national vessels; they shall be treated on a footing of equality with national vessels as regards port and harbour facilities and charges of every description, including facilities for stationing loading, and unloading, and duties and charges of tonnage, harbour, pilotage, light-house, quarantine, and all analogous duties and charges of whatsoever nature, levied in the name of or for the profit of the Government, public functionaries, private individuals, corporations or establishments of any kind. (reference)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Onerous

TitleAuthorQuote

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

A harmony required in the wrong way is often more onerous than a war.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Onerous

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

These characteristics of our service systems make the search for help an onerous journey and one beyond the capability of many older people. (references)

Business

Registration requirements are not onerous. (references)

Compliance with labeling requirements is not onerous. (references)

Provisions for maintaining essential services are not onerous. (references)

Civil Liberties

Cameroon

The conditions for government recognition of a political party, a prerequisite for many political activities, were not onerous. (references)

Ukraine

Crimean Tatar leaders have complained that their community has not received adequate assistance in resettling and that an onerous process of acquiring citizenship previously excluded many of them from participation in elections and from the right to take part in the privatization of land and state assets. (references)

Cameroon

In January 2000, two administrative orders banned all political activities in Buea and Limbe, Fako Division, Southwest Province, following a series of secessionist activities in December 1999. The conditions for government recognition of a political party, a prerequisite for many political activities, were not onerous. (references)

Economic History

Israel

Israel's visa and residency requirements are not onerous. (references)

Hong Kong

Reporting requirements are straightforward and not onerous. (references)

Ghana

Ghana has no discriminatory or excessively onerous visa requirements. (references)

Political Economy

ROMANIA

Capital requirements for foreign investors are not onerous, but local capital remains expensive. (references)

TAIWAN

The requirement on foreign pharmaceutical factories to submit pharmaceutical plant validation files has been criticized by industry as onerous. (references)

BELGIUM

The revision has incorporated some of the onerous provisions of EU legislation, while improving certain aspects of government procurement at the various governmental levels in Belgium. (references)

Political Rights

Guatemala

Lack of transport, onerous voter registration requirements, and elections scheduled during the harvest season prevent many poor, indigenous, and rural persons from voting. (references)

Trade

Venezuela

The banking law also lifted onerous operating restrictions on established foreign banks that prevented them from expanding or offering a competitive range of services. (references)

Burma

Despite sometimes onerous trade regulations, in actuality there is a tremendous amount of smuggling in and out of Burma, particularly across the long and often remote borders. (references)

Worker Rights

China

However, some refugees report that work requirements are more onerous than those set forth in the law. (references)

Panama

Employers commonly hire temporary workers to circumvent onerous labor code requirements for permanent workers. (references)

Kazakhstan

The minimum age for employment is 14 years, but only for part-time work (5 hours a day) that is not physically onerous. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Speeches: Onerous

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

Andrew Jackson

1829-1837Our commerce with the neighboring State of Peru, owing to the onerous duties levied on our principal articles of export, has been on the decline, and all endeavors to procure an alteration have hitherto proved fruitless.

Zachary Taylor

1849-1850The appointing power vested in the President imposes delicate and onerous duties.

Jimmy Carter

1977-1981This significant increase in aid has allowed States and localities to maintain services that are essential to their citizens without imposing onerous tax burdens.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Onerous

"Onerous" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 99.59% of the time. "Onerous" is used about 244 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Adjective (general or positive)99.59%24319,167
Noun (proper)0.41%1339,140
                    Total100.00%244N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expressions: Onerous

Expressions using "onerous": onerous bequest onerous cause onerous duties onerous gift onerous legacy. Additional references.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Onerous

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

onerous

5
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Onerous

Language Translations for "onerous"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Afrikaan

  

swaar (burdensome, heavy), benouend (airless, alarming, burdensome, grave, oppressive, serious, stiffling, sultry). (various references)

   

Albanian

  

i vështirë (awkward, convoluted, deep, difficult, exacting, formidable, hairy, hard, intractable, Kittle, labored, laborious, laboured, painful, parlous, recondite, rough, scabrous, stiff, ticklish, toilful, trying), i rëndë (arduous, artless, awkward, bad, bulky, burdensome, cubbish, cumbersome, cumbrous, dead, difficile, elephantine, grave, grievous, grinding, hard, heavy, hefty, incondite, knock about, leaden, lumping, massive, oafish, peremptory, plodding, ponderous, portly, serious, set up, severe, solemn, stertorous, stodgy, tricky, unwieldy, wakeless, weighty). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏متعب (annoying, arduous, bothersome, burdensome, disturbing, exhaustive, fatiguing, inconvenient, laborious, strenuous, tired, tiresome, tiring, toilsome, troublesome, trying, vexing, wearisome, weary), ‏مجهد (arduous, exhausting, fatiguing, laborious, overwrought, strenuous, tiring, toilsome, wearing), ‏مرهق (arduous, burdened, dog tired, exacting, exhausted, exhausting, fatigued, fatiguing, grueling, laborious, operose, oppressed, oppressive, overtaxed, overtired, overworked, run down, strained, strenuous, stressed, tired, tiring, toil-worn, trying, wearing, wearisome, weary, worn, worn out), ‏شاق (arduous, hard, laborious, malaise, painful, robust, stiff, strenuous, terrible, toilsome, troublesome, trying, uphill). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

тежък (cumbrous, dense, difficult, distressing, faint, grave, grievous, grinding, hammering, hard, heavy, hefty, high, hulking, labored, laborious, laboured, leaden, lumping, lumpish, lumpy, massive, massy, muggy, painful, plodding, ponderous, robust, rugged, sad, severe, shrewd, sledgehammer, slow, smart, smashing, soggy, solemn, sore, stiff, stodgy, taxing, thorny, tight, tough, traumatic, trying, unwieldy, uphill, weighty), обременителен (burdensome, cumbersome, cumbrous), затруднителен. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

苛烦. (various references)

   

Czech

  

obtížný (difficile, difficult, dodgy, hard, heavy, nagging, painful, tricky, troublesome). (various references)

   

Danish

  

tung (burdensome, heavy). (various references)

   

Dutch

  

zwaar (burdensome, deep, difficult, hard, hardly, heavy, important, inconvenient, not easily, serious, severe, strict, strong, vigorous, with difficulty), drukkend (airless, burdensome, heavy, oppressive, stiffling, sultry). (various references)

   

Esperanto

  

prema (burdensome), peza (burdensome, heavy). (various references)

   

Faeroese

  

tungur (academic, burdensome, heavy). (various references)

   

Farsi 

  

گران (Costly, Exclusive, Expensive, Heavy, High, Prohibitive, Sumptuous), سنگین (Burdensome, Cumbersome, Demure, Earnest, Grave, Heavy, Hefty, Laden, Lumpy, Ponderous, Sober, Staid, Stodgy, Unwieldy, Weighty), طاقت فرسا (Astringent, Cumbersome, Overbearing, Severe, Tiresome, Troublous), شاق (Astringent, Burdensome, Severe, Stark, Tall), دشوار (Arduous, Difficult, Hard, Inexplicable, Intolerable, Laborious, Slippery, Sore, Spiny, Sticky, Strait, Tough, Uphill). (various references)

   

Finnish

  

vaivalloinen (arduous, difficult, hard, laborious, troublesome, trying, wearisome). (various references)

   

French

  

lourd. (various references)

   

Frisian

  

swier (burdensome, heavy, pregnant, with young). (various references)

   

German

  

lästig (aggravating, annoying, bothersome, burdensome, burdensomely, cumbrous, importunate, importunately, incommodious, incommodiously, inconvenient, inconveniently, irksome, irritating, maddening, onerously, tiresome, troublesome, undesirable, vexatious, vexing, worrisome). (various references)

   

Greek 

  

βαρύσ (beefy, cumbrous, heavy, hefty, labored, laboured, leaden, logy, lumpish, massive, ponderous, pregnant, saturnine, stodgy, waterlogged, weighty). (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

מעיק (irksome, oppressive, sultry), מכבי". (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

terhes (arduous, big with child, burdensome, cumbersome, cumbrous, enceinte, encumbrance, expecting, gravid, impregnate, inconvenient, irksome, oppressive, pregnant, to be big with child, to be in the family way, to be pillowed, to be quick with child, to look pillowed, with calf, with young), súlyos (crass, cumbersome, cumbrous, grievous, heavy, heavy weight, massive, massy, oppressive, ponderous, serious, weighty), fárasztó (against the collar, burdensome, difficult, exhausting, fatiguing, grinding, grueling, gruelling, irking, irksome, pain in the neck, stiff, sweaty, tedious, tiresome, tiring, toilful, toilsome, trying, uphill, warm, weariful, wearing, wearisome). (various references)

   

Icelandic

  

þungur (burdensome, difficult, hard, heavy, inconvenient). (various references)

   

Italian

  

oneroso (taxing). (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

逃散 (farmers who abandoned their fields and fled to the cities or other districts to evade onerous taxes, fleeing in all directions), 有償契約 (an onerous contract, contract made for a consideration). (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

ゆうしょうけいやく (an onerous contract, contract made for a consideration), とうさ" (bankruptcy, farmers who abandoned their fields and fled to the cities or other districts to evade onerous taxes, father, fleeing in all directions, insolvency), ちょうさ" (farmers who abandoned their fields and fled to the cities or other districts to evade onerous taxes, fleeing in all directions). (various references)

   

Malay

  

berat (burdensome, heavy). (various references)

   

Manx

  

trome (bold, burdensome, close, close oppressive, crippling, crippling burden, deep, deep-drawn, dense, dense of smoke, difficult, emphatic, expectant, expecting, grave, grievous, gruelling, hard, harsh, heavy, heavyweight, high pressure, intense, laborious, ponderous, pregnant, rough of sea, severe, sledge-hammer, steep, stodgy, substantial, sweated, wearying, weighty, with child), laadagh (burdensome, heavy). (various references)

   

Norwegian

  

tung (burdensome, hard, heavy). (various references)

   

Papiamen

  

pisá (burdensome, heavy). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

onerousay

   

Portuguese

  

pesado (burdensome, cumbersome, cumbrous, drabbet, elephantine, gloomy forecast, gross, heavy, hefty, hulking, leaden, loin, lumbering, lumping, lumpish, massive, massy, muff, muggy, oppressive, plop, ponderous, rigourous, slowpoke, sodden, soggy, sound, stodgy, stringent, tubby, unwieldy, weighty), oneroso (burdensome, chargeable, heavy). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

oneros (burdensome, expensive, heavy, onerously, troublesome), greu (annoying, arduous, awkward, burden, burdensome, busy, clumsy, dangerously, difficult, difficulty, fatiguing, gravely, grievous, hard, hardly, heavily, heavy, inconvenient, labored, laborious, laboured, leaden, lot, massive, massy, near, oppressive, painful, parlous, precarious, punitive, reluctantly, scarcely, seriously, severe, solid, stiff, stodgy, stolid, strenuous, stuffy, ticklish, toilful, tough, troublesome, trying, uneasy, uphill, wearisome, weary, weight, weighty), apãsãtor (burdensome, hard, harsh, heavy, importunate, incumbent, oppressive, overwhelmingly, pressing, severe, tormenting, torturing, trying, unbearable), împovãrãtor (burdensome, cumbersome, cumbrous). (various references)

   

Russian 

  

тягостный. (various references)

   

Scottish

  

trom (burdensome, difficult, hard, heavy, oppressive, pregnant, sad, sleepy). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

tegoban (burdensome, difficult). (various references)

   

Spanish

  

pesado (awkward, boring, bulky, burdensome, cumbersome, difficult, dull, ghastly, grave, hard, heavy, heavyweight, hefty, hulking, importunate, irritating, labored, laboured, lacklustre, leaden, logy, nuisance, objectionable, pestiferous, pestilent, pestilential, ponderous, serious, sesquipedalian, slow, soupy, stodgy, unwieldy, valid, weary, weighty). (various references)

   

Sranan

  

ebi (burden, burdensome, charge, heavy, load). (various references)

   

Swahili

  

-zito (burdensome, heavy). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

viktig (bumptious, burdensome, essential, grave, heavy, important, key, material, operative, self-important, serious, significant, weighty), tyngd av pålagor, tung (burdensome, cumbersome, cumbrous, grievous, hard, heavy, hefty, ponderous, stodgy, weighty), betungande (burdensome, oppressive). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

zahmetli (demanding, drudging, exacting, exhausting, exhaustive, fatiguing, grueling, gruelling, incommodious, inconvenient, labored, laboring, laborious, laboured, labouring, lucubratory, painful, toilful, toilsome, troublesome, troublous, trying, uphill, with an effort), külfetli (burdensome, cumbersome, cumbrous, inconvenient, troublesome), ağır (arduous, back breaking, badly, bovine, burdensome, contemptuous, cumbersome, cumbrous, deep, deliberate, dignified, drudging, dull, fabian, foul, grave, grievous, hard, harsh, heavily, heavy, hefty, indigestible, languid, lazy, lumbering, massive, measured, muzzy, not fast, oppressive, plodding, ponderous, repressive, rich, scorching, scornful, serious, serious minded, seriously, severe, severely, sharp, slack, slashing, slow, slow moving, slowly, sluggish, smashing, stodgy, strenuous, strong, swingeing, toilful, toilsome, unwholesome, unwieldy, weighty). (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

скрутний (awkward, baffling, difficult, embarrassing, narrow, necessitous, spiny), обтяжливий (burdensome, exacting, heavy, oppressive, weighty). (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

phiền h , nặng nề (carking, clumpish, stodgy, thick), khó nhọc (painful, rugged, stiff, toiful, toilsome, troublesome). (various references)

   

Yucatec

  

aal (burdensome, finger, heavy, toe). (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Ancestral Language Translations: Onerous

LanguagePeriodTranslations
Latin500 BCE-Modern

onerosa, onerosi, onerosus. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Onerous

Derivations

Words beginning with "onerous": onerously, onerousness, onerousnesses. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Onerous" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Bonnafous, bonnefous, cneorum, donarius, enarques, Irnerius, longerons, nerous, oderous, oneous, oneris, onerosus, onerrous, onerus, onorous, onymous. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Onerous"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "onerous" (pronounced ō"nerus)
4-n er u sgenerous, overgenerous, sonorous.
3-er u sadulterous, adventurous, amorous, avarice, barbarous, boisterous, cancerous, cantankerous, carboniferous, carnivorous, coniferous, dangerous, decorous, fossiliferous, glamorous, herbivorous, heterosporous, homosporous, humerus, humorous, insectivorous, lecherous, murderous, numerous, odorous, omnivorous, oviparous, ovoviviparous, phosphorous, phosphorus, ponderous, precancerous, preposterous, prosperous, rancorous, rapturous, rhinoceros, rigorous, slanderous, tetramerous, thunderous, timorous, traitorous, treacherous, unglamorous, uterus, vigorous, viviparous, vociferous.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Onerous

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "e-n-o-o-r-s-u"

-1 letter: nooser, rouens, sooner.

-2 letters: euros, noose, nurse, roose, rouen, roues, rouse, runes, senor, snore.

-3 letters: eons, erns, eros, euro, noes, nose, nous, ones, onus, ores, ours, roes, rose, roue, rues, rune, runs, ruse, sone, soon, sore, sorn, sour, suer, sure, urns, user.

-4 letters: ens, eon, ern, ers, noo, nor, nos, nus, oes, one, ons.

 Words containing the letters "e-n-o-o-r-s-u"
 

+1 letter: burnoose, corneous, enormous, outsnore.

 

+2 letters: bourgeons, burnoosed, burnooses, concourse, counselor, erogenous, erroneous, honourers, onerously, outsnored, outsnores, ponderous, sojourned, sojourner, tournedos.

 

+3 letters: censorious, cofounders, concourses, coniferous, conquerors, counsellor, counselors, courantoes, enormously, horehounds, horrendous, housefront, indecorous, monestrous, neurospora, nonferrous, nonserious, outscorned, overcounts, porousness, portentous, pronounces, recontours, resolution, roundhouse, serotinous, sojourners, treasonous, undercools, undershoot, understood, underwoods, underwools.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

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Alternative Orthography: Onerous


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

4F 6E 65 72 6F 75 73

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

---    -.    .    .-.    ---    ..-    ...

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001111 01101110 01100101 01110010 01101111 01110101 01110011

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#79 &#110 &#101 &#114 &#111 &#117 &#115

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

004F 006E 0065 0072 006F 0075 0073

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

49807184818785

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INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Quotations: Historic
5. Quotations: Fiction
6. Quotations: Non-fiction
7. Quotations: Speeches
8. Usage Frequency
9. Expressions
10. Expressions: Internet
11. Translations: Modern
12. Translations: Ancient
13. Derivations
14. Rhymes
15. Anagrams
16. Orthography
17. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

 

 

 

 

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definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, ‏الألبانية, ‏الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian;
Arabies, arabishte, ‏العربية, ‏عربي, ‏اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic;
Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, ‏البلغارية, ‏بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian;
Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, ‏الصينية, ‏لغة الصين, ‏صيني, ‏الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese;
Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, ‏تشيكي, ‏اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, ‏التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech;
Deens, danisht, danishte, ‏لغة الدانمركية, ‏نوع كعك, ‏دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish;
Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, ‏هولندي, ‏اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch;
‏الاسبرانتو لغة دولية, Esperantu, есперанто, 世界语, esperanton, espéranto, εσπεράντο, אספר טו, eszperanto, eszperantó, エスキモー犬 , エスペラント , эсперанто, Eseperano, esperanto, Kiesperanto, าษาที่ประ"ิษฐ์ขึ้นเพื่อใช้เป็น าษากลางในการสื่อสารระหว่างประเทศ ซึ่งรากศัพท์ส่วนใหญ่, esperanto dili, tiếng etperantô, for esperanto;
费罗族, føroyskur, färöisk, färöbo, for Faeroese;
Farsi, Parsi, persiskt, Fasi, for Farsi;
Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, ‏اللغة الفنلندية, ‏فنلندية, ‏فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish;
Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, ‏فرنسي, ‏اللغة الفرنسية, ‏الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French;
Fries, фризийски, фризиец, Frison, Frysk, Friese, fríz, frisone, Freeshlannish, Freeshlannagh, frisão, frizian, фризский, фриз, frizijac, frizijski, frisio, fris, frizye'li kimse, frizye'li, frizye dili, frizye ile ilgili, фризький, фризька мова, for Frisian;
Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ‏ضرب من الرقص, ‏جرماني, ‏المانية, ‏الماني, ‏اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German;
Grieks, Griek, ‏الإغريقي, ‏يوناني, ‏اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek;
Jood, Hebreeus, Israeliet, hebraishte, ‏يهودي, ‏عبري, ‏اليهودية, ‏اللغة العبرية, ‏العبرية, Hebréu, иврит, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, староеврейски език, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejka, hebrejec, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, hebraiskt, juutalainen, hébreu, Hebrieusk, hebräisch, hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברית, עברי, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebraico, ebreo, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ew, Ewnish, hudiu, hebraico, hebreu, ebrèu, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврейский, еврей, древнееврейский, древнееврейский язык, Eperu, hibru, hebreo, dyu, Myahudi, Yahudi, hebreiska, hebreisk, jude, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, іврит, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ, Hebraeg, Hebreaidd, for Hebrew;
Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, ‏الهنغاري, ‏مجري, ‏هنغاري, ‏المجري, ‏اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian;
Yslands, islandez, ‏إيسلندي, исландски, 冰岛, islandský, islandsk, Ýslands, islandais, isländisch, ισλανδικόσ, izlandi nyelv, izlandi, íslensku, íslenskar, íslenskur, íslenskan, islandese, Eeslynnish, Eeslynnagh, islandês, islândes, исландский, islandski, islandés, isländsk, izlanda'ya ait, izlandaca, izlanda, ісландська мова, ісландський, tiếng băng đảo, for Icelandic;
Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, ‏شخص إيطالي, ‏اللغة الإيطالية, ‏الإيطالي, ‏إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian;
Slams, Maleis, malajas, малайски, малайски език, 馬來 , malais, malaiisch, malaie, Malaye, malaiin, maláj, malese, Yn Valay, malaio, malaxar, malaiez, малайский, малаец, malajski jezik, malajski, malajac, malayo, malajisk, malayalı, malaya, malaya dili, мала"ць, малайська мова, малайський, малайка, người Mã lai tiếng Mã lai, for Malay;
gjuha e popullsisë së ishullit men, manský, manština, manx, mann-szigeti nyelv, Gaelgagh, Yn Ghaelg, Manninish, Manninagh, язык жителей о-ва мэн, с о-ва мэн, s ostrva mana, los habitantes de la isla de man, lengua de la isla de man, de la isla de man, från ön man, man dili, man adası, менський діалект, менський, for manx;
Noorweegs, Noor, Noors, ‏نرويجى, ‏النرويجية, ‏النرويجى, ‏اللغة النروجية, Noruegu, норвежки, норвежка, норвежки език, Norwedyan, 挪威语, norský, nordmand, norskur, norskt, norjalainen, Norvégien, Noarsk, Noar, Noarweechsk, Norweger, Νορβηγός, νορβηγόσ, νορβηγικόσ, norvegjez, norvég, Norðmaður, norvegese, 노르웨이, Norlannish, Loghlynish, Loghlynagh, Norlannagh, norsk, noruechi, Norweg, norueguês, norvegian, norvegianã, норвежец, норвежский, norveški jezik, norvežanin, norveški, noruego, norrman, Norveçce, norveççe, norveç, norveçli, Norveçlí, норвезька мова, норвезький, норвежці, норвежець, người Na-uy tiếng Na-uy, Norwyeg, for Norwegian;
Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, ‏اللغة البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese;
Roemeen, rumun, Rumanu, румънски език, румънски, румънец, Romanyan, 罗马尼亚语, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, rumenskt, romanialainen, roumain, Roemeensk, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, romanés, român, румын, румынский, rumunski, rumunski jezik, rumano, rumänsk, румунська мова, румун, румунський, румунка, for Romanian;
Russies, Rus, ‏الروسية, ‏روسي, ‏اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian;
Skots, skocez, шотландски, 苏 兰, skotský, Schots, skotskur, skotlantilainen, écossais, schottisch, σκωτσέζικο, σκωτικόσ, skót, skozur, scozzese, 스"틀랜", Albinagh, escocês, scoţian, шотландский, škotski jezik, škotski, škotlanđani, escocés, skotsk, iskoçyalı, шотланський, шотландці, шотландський діалект, for Scottish;
塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian;
Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, ‏اللغة الأسبانية, ‏الأسبانية, ‏أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish;
斯"希裡語 , 斯"希裡 , Swahili-, Swahili, szuahéli nyelv, szuahéli, スワ'リ語 , スワ'リ", suaíli, soahili, Siuahili, suajili, kiswahili, ชาวแอฟริกาตะวันออก, суахілі, for Swahili;
Sweeds, suedez, ‏اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish;
Turks, turk, ‏تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, ‏اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土耳其, 土耳其語 , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ, for Turkish;
乌克兰, for Ukranian;
Vietnamees, vietnamez, vietnamisht, виетнамски език, виетнамски, Vietnamis, 越南語 , 越南 , 越南语, vietnamský, vietnamka, vietnamec, vietnamština, vietnameser, vjetmanskt, vietnamilainen, vietnamien, Fjetnameesk, vietnamese, vietnamesisch, Vietnamesin, 'ιετναμέζος, vietnami, vietnámi, ベトナ 人 , ベトナ じ", 트남, vietnamita, вьетнамский, vijetnamski jezik, vijetnamski, vijetnamac, vietnames, vietnam, vietnamlı, vietnam dili, в'"тнамець, в'"тнамський, người Việt nam tiếng Việt, for Vietnamese;