Nephrotic Syndrome

Definition: Nephrotic Syndrome

Nephrotic Syndrome

Noun

1. A syndrome characterized by edema and large amounts of protein in the urine and usually increased blood cholesterol; usually associated with glomerulonephritis or with a complication of various systemic diseases.

Specialty Definitions: Nephrotic Syndrome

Domain	Definitions
Health	Clinical association of heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and generalized edema. (references)
Medicine	A form of chronic kidney disease beginning in early childhood. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Specialty Definition: Nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome is a disorder where the kidneys have been damaged, causing them to leak protein from the blood into the urine.

The glomerulus of the kidneys are the parts that normally filter the blood. They consist of fenestrated (leaky) capillaries, that allows fluid, salts and other small solutes to flow through, but normally not proteins.

In nephrotic syndrome, the glomerulus has been damaged by diabetes, glomerulonephritis or even prolonged hypertension (high blood pressure). This means that small proteins, such as albumin can pass through the kidneys into urine.

Nephrotic syndrome is characterised by proteinuria (detectable protein in the urine), and low albumin levels in blood plasma. As a compensation, the liver begins to make more of all its proteins, and levels of large proteins (such as alpha-2 macroglobulin) increase.

Lack of albumin will cause oedema (swelling), as water moves from the blood into the tissues. Cholesterol levels are also increased, and though the mechanism isn't fully understood, it is thought to be a result of cholesterol processing enzymes being lost into urine.

When treating nephrotic syndrome, if the underlying problem is apparent, (e.g. hypertension, diabetes) then this should be addressed.

Nephrotic syndrome can lead to renal failure.

Commercial Usage: Nephrotic Syndrome

Domain	Title
References	The Official Patient's Sourcebook on Nephrotic Syndrome (reference) (more reference examples)

Books	Nephrotic Syndrome (reference) Nephrotic syndrome : current concepts in diagnosis and management (reference) Nephrotic syndrome of quartan malaria (reference) Optimal use of Sandimmun in nephrotic syndrome (reference) Proteinuria and the Nephrotic Syndrome (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Non-Fiction Usage: Nephrotic Syndrome

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		The nephrotic syndrome is a set of symptoms, not a disease in itself. (references)
		Prevention of nephrotic syndrome relies on controlling these diseases. (references)
		But most children with the nephrotic syndrome do not have permanent kidney damage. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Expression: Nephrotic Syndrome

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Nephrotic Syndrome

Modern Translations: Nephrotic Syndrome

Language		Translations for "nephrotic syndrome"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Danish		nefritisk syndrom hos børn (infantile nephrosis, infantile nephrotic syndrome, nephrosis). (various references)

Dutch		nefrotisch syndroom bij kinderen (infantile nephrosis, infantile nephrotic syndrome, nephrosis), nefrotisch syndroom (infantile nephrosis, infantile nephrotic syndrome, nephrosis). (various references)

Finnish		nefroottinen oireyhtymä (infantile nephrosis, infantile nephrotic syndrome, nephrosis). (various references)

French		syndrome néphrotique de l'enfant (infantile nephrosis, infantile nephrotic syndrome, nephrosis). (various references)

Greek		νεφρωσικό σύνδρομο του παιδιού (infantile nephrosis, infantile nephrotic syndrome, nephrosis). (various references)

Italian		sindrome nefrosica del bambino (infantile nephrosis, infantile nephrotic syndrome, nephrosis). (various references)

Pig Latin		ephroticnay yndromesay

Spanish		síndrome nefrótico infantil (infantile nephrosis, infantile nephrotic syndrome, nephrosis), síndrome nefrótico del niño (infantile nephrosis, infantile nephrotic syndrome, nephrosis). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Anagrams: Nephrotic Syndrome

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "c-d-e-e-h-i-m-n-n-o-o-p-r-r-s-t-y"
	-3 letters: hypermodernist.
	-4 letters: chronometries, comprehension, correspondent, dysmenorrheic, hymenopterons.
	-5 letters: chronometers, corespondent, cyproterones, endomorphies, hemoproteins, hydrometeors, hydrotropism, hymenopteron, hypertension, nonsecretory, omnipotences, psychrometer, reconnoiters, reconnoitred, reconnoitres, stereophonic.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Alternative Orthography: Nephrotic Syndrome

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

4E 65 70 68 72 6F 74 69 63 53 79 6E 64 72 6F 6D 65

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001110 01100101 01110000 01101000 01110010 01101111 01110100 01101001 01100011 00100000 01010011 01111001 01101110 01100100 01110010 01101111 01101101 01100101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#78 &#101 &#112 &#104 &#114 &#111 &#116 &#105 &#99 &#32 &#83 &#121 &#110 &#100 &#114 &#111 &#109 &#101

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

004E 0065 0070 0068 0072 006F 0074 0069 0063 0053 0079 006E 0064 0072 006F 006D 0065

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Expression	Frequency per Day
nephrotic syndrome	171
nephrotic syndrome child	4
nephrotic syndrome treatment	4
congenital nephrotic syndrome	4
childhood nephrotic syndrome	3
child in nephrotic syndrome	3
change minimal nephrotic syndrome	3
cause nephrotic syndrome	2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Expression using "nephrotic syndrome": infantile nephrotic syndrome. Additional references.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Nephrotic Syndrome

Definition: Nephrotic Syndrome