Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Neodymium |
NeodymiumNoun1. A yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs in monazite and bastnasite in association with cerium and lanthanum and praseodymium. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
| Domain | Definitions |
Chemistry | Chemical element:atomic number 60. Source: European Union. (references) |
Health | Neodymium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
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| Name, Symbol, Number | Neodymium, Nd, 60 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical series | Lanthanides | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group, Period, Block | _ , 6 , f | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density, Hardness | 6800 kg/m3, no data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | silvery white, yellowish tinge | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic weight | 144.24(3) amu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic radius (calc.) | 185 (206) pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | no data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| van der Waals radius | no data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [Xe]4f4f46s² | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| e- 's per energy level | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states (Oxide) | 3 (mildly basic) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | Hexagonal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| State of matter | solid (__) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 1297 K (1875 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | 3373 K (5612 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar volume | 20.59 ×1010-3 m3/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 273 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | 7.14 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vapor pressure | 6.03E-3 Pa at 2890 K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Velocity of sound | 2330 m/s at 293.15 K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | 1.14 (Pauling scale) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific heat capacity | 190 J/(kg*K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical conductivity | 1.57 106/m ohm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 16.5 W/(m*K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st ionization potential | 533.1 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd ionization potential | 1040 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd ionization potential | 2130 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4th ionization potential | 3900 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Most stable isotopes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| SI units & STP are used except where noted. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Neodymium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Nd and atomic number 60.
Neodymium, a rare earth metal, is present in misch metal to the extent of about 18%. The metal has a bright silvery metallic luster; however, being one of the more reactive rare-earth metals, Neodymium quickly tarnishes in air, forming an oxide that spalls off and exposes the metal to further oxidation.
Uses of Neodymium include:
Neodymium was discovered by Baron Carl F. Auer von Welsbach, an austrian chemist, in Vienna in 1885. He separated neodymium, as well as the element Praseodymium, from a material known as didymium; however, it was not isolated in relatively pure form until 1925. The name Neodymium is derived from the greek words neos, new, and didymos, twin.
Today, Neodymium is primarily obtained from through an ion exchange process of monazite sand ((Ce,La,Th,Nd,Y)PO4), a material rich in rare earth elements, and through electrolysis of its halide salts.
Neodymium has no known biological role.
Neodymium is never found in nature as the free element; rather, it occurs in ores such as monazite sand ((Ce,La,Th,Nd,Y)PO4) and bastnosite ((Ce,La,Th,Nd,Y)(CO3)F) that contain small amounts of all the rare earth metals. Neodymium can also be found in Misch metal; it is difficult to separate from other rare earth elements.
Neodymium compounds include:
Naturally occurring Neodymium is composed of 5 stable isotopes, 142-Nd, 143-Nd, 145-Nd, 146-Nd and 148-Nd, with 142-Nd being the most abundant (27.2% natural abundance), and 2 radioisotopes, 144-Nd and 150-Nd. 31 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 150-Nd with a half-life of 1.1E19 years, 144-Nd with a half-life of 2.29E15 years, and 147-Nd with a half-life of 10.98 days. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lifes that are less than 3.38 days, and the majority of these have half lifes that are less than 71 seconds. This element also has 4 meta states with the most stable being 139m-Nd (t½ 5.5 hours), 135m-Nd (t½ 5.5 minutes) and 141m-Nd (t½ 62.0 seconds).
The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 142-Nd, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta minus decay. The primary decay products before 142-Nd are element Pr (Praseodymium) isotopes and the primary products after are element Pm (Lead) isotopes. Notable characteristics
Applications
History
Biological role
Occurrence
Compounds
Isotopes
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Neodymium."
Synonym: NeodymiumSynonym: atomic number 60 (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Neodymium |
| English words defined with "neodymium": Didymium. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Neodymium" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Dutch (neodymium). |
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Books |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| "Neodymium" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Neodymium" is used about 12 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 12 | 101,599 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "neodymium": neodymium-iron-boron. | |
Ending with "neodymium": samarium-neodymium. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
neodymium magnet | 92 |
neodymium | 61 |
neodymium iron boron | 12 |
boron motor neodymium | 6 |
gasoline magnet neodymium | 4 |
neodymium iron boron magnet | 4 |
gas magnet neodymium | 3 |
neodymium speaker | 2 |
alloy neodymium | 2 |
neodymium bulb | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "neodymium"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Chinese | 釹 , '. (various references) | |
Danish | neodym. (various references) | |
Dutch | neodymium. (various references) | |
Esperanto | neodimo. (various references) | |
Finnish | Nd:YAG-laser (Nd:YAG laser, neodymium YAG laser). (various references) | |
French | néodymium, néodyme. (various references) | |
German | Neodym, neodim. (various references) | |
Greek | νεοδύμιο. (various references) | |
Italian | neodimio. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | ヌ行 (Classification for Japanese verb with the dictionary form ending in "nu", established reputation, nail enamel, nail file, nail polish, naked, name, nameplate, name-server, name-space, name-value, naming, native, native speaker, nature trail, navel, navel orange, navy, navy look, Neanderthal, neo, neoclassicism, neocolonialism, neoidealism, neoimpressionism, neoliberal, neologism, neologist, neology, neon, neon lamp, neon sign, Neo-Nazi, neophilia, neopolis, neorealism, neoromanticism, neosugar, style of motorcycle having the engine exposed and visible). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ネオジ . (various references) | |
Pig Latin | eodymiumnay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | neodímio. (various references) | |
Russian | неодимий. (various references) | |
Spanish | neodimio. (various references) | |
Swedish | Neodymium-YAG-laser (Nd:YAG laser, neodymium YAG laser). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "neodymium": neodymiums. (additional references) | |
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"Neodymium" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: neodynium. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-e-i-m-m-n-o-u-y" | |
-3 letters: domine, emodin, immune, medium, monied, nimmed. | |
-4 letters: demon, denim, doyen, dummy, duomi, indue, meiny, mimed, mimeo, mined, modem, monde, money, monie, mound, myoid, nudie, odeum, odium, onium, yomim. | |
-5 letters: demo, demy, deni, deny, dime, dine, dome, done, doum, dune, dyne, emyd, idem, immy, memo, mend, meno, menu, meou, mien, mime, mind, mine, mode, modi, mome, momi, mony, moue, muni, muon, neum, nide, node, nodi, nome, nude, omen, unde, undo, undy, yond, yoni. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-e-i-m-m-n-o-u-y" | |
+1 letter: neodymiums. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)4E 65 6F 64 79 6D 69 75 6D |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)-. . --- -.. -.--. -- .. ..- -- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001110 01100101 01101111 01100100 01111001 01101101 01101001 01110101 01101101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)N e o d y m i u m |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)004E 0065 006F 0064 0079 006D 0069 0075 006D |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)487181709179758779 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Usage Frequency 6. Expressions 7. Expressions: Internet 8. Translations: Modern | 9. Derivations 10. Anagrams 11. Orthography 12. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
