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Definitions: Naturalization |
NaturalizationNoun1. The quality of being brought into conformity with nature. 2. The proceeding whereby a foreigner is granted citizenship. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "naturalization" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1601. (references) |
Etymology: Naturalization \Nat`u*ral*i*za"tion\, noun. [Compare to the French expression naturalisation.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Immigration | The conferring, by any means, of citizenship upon a person after birth. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Naturalization is also, in biology, the process when foreign or cultivated plants have spread into the wild, where they multiply by natural regeneration. In the United States of America, naturalization is mentioned in the Constitution.
Naturalization is mentioned in the Constitution proper. Congress is given the power to prescribe a uniform rule of naturalization, which was administered by state courts. There was some confusion about which courts could naturalize; the final ruling was that it could be done by any "court of record having common-law jurisdiction and a clerk (prothonotary) and seal."
The Constitution also mentions "natural born citizen". The first naturalization Act (drafted by Thomas Jefferson) used the phrases "natural born" and "native born" interchangeably. To be "naturalized" therefore means to become as if "natural born" -- i.e. a citizen.
Naturalization is also mentioned in the Fourteenth Amendment. Before that Amendment, only white persons could be citizens of the United States. The Amendment states that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof shall be citizens of the United States and of the State in which they reside." Therefore, all persons born in the U.S. are citizens regardless of race.
There is an interesting loophole here in that the Constitution does not madate race-neutral naturalization. Up until 1954, the Naturalization Acts written by Congress still allowed only white persons to become naturalized as citizens (except for two years in the 1870's which the Supreme Court declared to be a mistake.)
Note also that the Amendment is ambiguous on the issue of singular or plural United States. In the early days the phrase "United States" was used as a singular or a plural according to the meaning. After the Civil War, it was generally always a singular. The Amendment does not say "its jurisdiction" or "their jurisdiction" but "the jurisdiction thereof".
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Naturalization."
Synonym: NaturalizationSynonym: naturalisation (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Conformity | Noun: {opp. } conformity, conformance; observance; habituation. naturalization; conventionality; (custom); agreement. |
Continuance in action | Noun: conversion, reduction, transmutation, resolution, assimilation; evolution, sea change; change of state; assumption; naturalization; transportation; development, developing. |
Location | Plantation, colony, settlement, cantonment; colonization, domestication, situation; habitation; (abode); cohabitation; "a local habitation and a name"; endenization, naturalization. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Naturalization |
| English words defined with "naturalization": Denization ♦ Know-nothing ♦ nationality. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "naturalization": Application Support Centers ♦ Border Patrol Sector ♦ Central Processing System ♦ Departure Under Safeguards, Derivative Citizenship ♦ EMPLOYMENT CLERK ♦ Files Control Office ♦ General Naturalization Provisions ♦ Immigrants, Immigration Act of 1990, Immigration and Nationality Act, Immigration Marriage Fraud Amendments of 1986, INS ♦ Naturalization Application ♦ People who indicate that they were born in the United States, Puerto Rico, a U.S. Island Area, or abroad of a U.S. citizen parent ♦ reception interviewer. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Kiss my Naturalization papers. (Laughter on the 23rd Floor; writing credit: Neil Simon;) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
US Declaration of Independence | 1776 | He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands. (reference) |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 1: The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; Clause 2: To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; Clause 3: To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; Clause 4: To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; Clause 5: To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; Clause 6: To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; Clause 7: To establish Post Offices and post Roads; Clause 8: To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; Clause 9: To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; Clause 10: To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; Clause 11: To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; Clause 12: To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; Clause 13: To provide and maintain a Navy; Clause 14: To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; Clause 15: To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; Clause 16: To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; Clause 17: To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, byCession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;--And Clause 18: To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Children | Sierra Leone | Legal requirements for naturalization, such as continuous residence in the country for 15 years or the past 12 months and 15 of the previous 20 years, effectively deny citizenship to many long-term residents, notably the Lebanese community. (references) |
Civil Liberties | Peru | Refugees are allowed to live and work without restrictions and can apply for naturalization. (references) |
Kuwait | Although there is a small community of Christian citizens, a law passed in 1980 prohibits the naturalization of non-Muslims. (references) | |
Economic History | Solomon Islands | The law provides that resident expatriates, such as the Chinese and Kiribati, may obtain citizenship through naturalization. (references) |
Australia | The only practical advantage of naturalization is relief from the requirement that the FIRB be notified of proposed investment activities. (references) | |
Estonia | Most non-citizen ethnic Slavs (35% of the populace) became eligible for naturalization in March 1993. The government funds Estonian language training. (references) | |
Minorities | Switzerland | Cantons have discretion regarding the naturalization of foreigners. (references) |
Estonia | During the year, 2,805 persons received citizenship by naturalization. (references) | |
Croatia | Non-Croats must satisfy more stringent requirements through naturalization to obtain citizenship. (references) | |
Political Economy | Latvia | Another major success has been the impressive naturalization rate for non-citizens, easily the best of all of the Baltic States. (references) |
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES | The Ministry of Interior Naturalization and Immigration Administration is responsible for reviewing the contracts of domestic employees as part of residency permit processing. (references) | |
Political Rights | Estonia | Approximately 1.1 million of the total population of 1.43 million are citizens, of whom approximately 116,000 received their citizenship through the naturalization process. (references) |
Travel | Canada | Naturalized American citizens should carry either a passport, or a naturalization certificate as well as a photo ID. Legal permanent residents of the United States are advised to carry their alien registration card. (references) |
Liberia | For persons who are traveling from countries that do not have a Liberian embassy or consulate, an airport entry visa may be obtained, but the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization must authorize the visa in advance of arrival. (references) | |
Women | San Marino | The new law provides that both men and women can transmit citizenship either through birth or naturalization. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Rush Limbaugh | Ashcroft's problem is that the Immigration and Naturalization Service and the FBI have been unable to effectively track aliens who have violated their visas, have criminal records, or have links to terrorist networks. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | Various considerations also render it expedient that the terms on which foreigners may be admitted to the rights of citizens should be speedily ascertained by a uniform rule of naturalization. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | I can not omit recommending a revisal of the laws on the subject of naturalization. |
Benjamin Harrison | 1889-1893 | Our naturalization laws should be so amended as to make the inquiry into the character and good disposition of persons applying for citizenship more careful and searching. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Naturalization" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Naturalization" is used about 27 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 27 | 66,962 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
immigration naturalization | 1,978 |
naturalization | 348 |
us immigration naturalization | 125 |
department of immigration and naturalization | 80 |
naturalization record | 53 |
application for naturalization | 30 |
naturalization certificate | 30 |
united state immigration and naturalization | 25 |
naturalization test | 24 |
naturalization and citizenship | 22 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "naturalization"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | natyralizim, përshtatje (accordance, adaptation, adjustment, appropriateness, aptness, concord, conformation, conformity, fit, fitness, readjustment), aklimatizim. (various references) | |
Arabic | الحقوق الوطنية, التجنس, التبني للوطن. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | натурализация, аклиматизиране (seasoning). (various references) | |
Chinese | '化 (naturalisation, naturalise, naturalised, Naturalize, Naturalized, Naturalizing). (various references) | |
Czech | naturalizace, udìlení obèanství. (various references) | |
Dutch | een naturalisatietoezegging ontvangen (to have been promised naturalization). (various references) | |
Farsi | قبول تابعیت , خوگیری . (various references) | |
French | naturalisation. (various references) | |
German | Naturalisierung. (various references) | |
Greek | πολιτογράφηση (naturalisation), εγκλιματισμόσ (acclimatization, acclimatizing). (various references) | |
Hebrew | אזרחות (citizenship, civics), "תאזרחות. (various references) | |
Hungarian | honosítás (nationalization). (various references) | |
Indonesian | pewarganegaraan. (various references) | |
Italian | naturalizzazione (investing aliens with all the privileges and obligations of the citizens, naturalisation). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | ナイル鰐 (being interested only in the here and now without any regard for the future, knapsack, knuckle, knuckle ball, knuckle four, knuckle part, NASA, NASA fashion, NASDAQ, NASTAR ski, national, national ad, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, national atlas, national bank, national brand, National Center of Trade Unions, national chain, national character, national consensus, national convention, national costume, national game, national holiday, national identity, national interest, National League, national minimum, national park, national prestige, national product, national project, national security, National Standard Race ski, National Trust, nationalism, nationalist, nationality, nationalization, Nationalsozialist, NATO, Natrium lamp, natural, natural cheese, natural color, natural foods, natural grip, natural science, natural selection, natural turn, natural wave, naturalism, naturalist, naturalistic, naturalize, Nazi, Nazism, Nile crocodile, nine, no, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, nothing, now, now-now-ism, nugget, nut, nuts, nylon, sodium, trendy, up-to-date), 帰化 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ナチュラリゼーション , きか (curiosity, geometry, mechanization, sunflower, troops under one's command, under ones command, under the banner, vaporization, word of respect added to the adressee's name on a letter, you, your home). (various references) | |
Korean | 귀" (naturalisation). (various references) | |
Manx | jannoo dooie (naturalize), dooghyssaght (innateness). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | aturalizationnay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | naturista, naturalização (acclimate, acclimation, investing aliens with all the privileges and obligations of the citizens, nationalize), aclimatação (acclimate, acclimation, acclimatization, domesticity). (various references) | |
Romanian | naturalizare. (various references) | |
Russian | натурализация. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | naturalizacija, primanje u državljanstvo, odomaćivanje. (various references) | |
Spanish | naturalización. (various references) | |
Swedish | naturalisering. (various references) | |
Turkish | yurttaşlığa kabul, vatandaş olma. (various references) | |
Ukranian | натуралізація (nationalization), запозичення слова, акліматизація (acclimation, acclimatization, domestication), проникнення нових звичаїв. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự tự nhiên hoá sự nhập quốc tịch. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "naturalization": naturalizations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "naturalization": denaturalization. (additional references) | |
Words containing "naturalization": denaturalizations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Naturalization" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: lateralization, laterilisation, naturakization, naturilization, naturlization. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "naturalization" (pronounced na"kheruluzā"shun or na"khruluzā"shun) |
| 9 | -er u l u z ā" sh u n | generalization, mineralization. |
| 8 | -u l u z ā" sh u n | cannibalization, capitalization, centralization, civilization, commercialization, criminalization, decentralization, decriminalization, deinstitutionalization, demoralization, denationalization, destabilization, equalization, fertilization, globalization, hospitalization, industrialization, institutionalization, internationalization, legalization, liberalization, localization, marginalization, mobilization, monopolization, nationalization, neutralization, normalization, personalization, radicalization, rationalization, recapitalization, renationalization, revitalization, socialization, specialization, stabilization, sterilization, utilization, visualization. |
| 7 | -l u z ā" sh u n | realization. |
| 6 | -u z ā" sh u n | accusation, alphabetization, amortization, authorization, balkanization, categorization, characterization, collectivization, colonization, colorization, communization, computerization, dehumanization, demilitarization, democratization, demonization, denuclearization, desalinization, disorganization, dramatization, harmonization, hybridization, immunization, improvisation, ionization, magnetization, maximization, mechanization, miniaturization, mischaracterization, modernization, optimization, organisation, organization, pasteurization, polarization, politicization, popularization, pressurization, privatization, reauthorization, reorganization, securitization, standardization, subsidization, suburbanization, unionization, urbanization, vaporization, victimization, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 5 | -z ā" sh u n | causation, demobilization. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, automation, aviation, avocation, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, capitulation, carnation, castration, celebration, certification, cessation, cetacean, citation, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, coloration, combination, commemoration, commendation, communication, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehydration, deification, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demodulation, demonstration, denomination, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, hesitation, hibernation, humiliation, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legislation, levitation, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, location, lubrication, machination, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, masturbation, maturation, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, moderation, modification, modulation, molestation, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, navigation, negation, negotiation, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, oration, orchestration, ordination, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, pollination, pontification, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, privation, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, ramification, ratification, reaffirmation, reallocation, recalculation, recantation, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, solicitation, sophistication, specification, speculation, stagflation, stagnation, starvation, station, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, substantiation, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, usurpation, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, vocation. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
| 9 | -r u l u z ā" sh u n | centralization, decentralization, demoralization, liberalization, neutralization, sterilization. |
| 8 | -u l u z ā" sh u n | cannibalization, capitalization, civilization, commercialization, criminalization, decriminalization, deinstitutionalization, denationalization, destabilization, equalization, fertilization, generalization, globalization, hospitalization, industrialization, institutionalization, internationalization, legalization, localization, marginalization, mineralization, mobilization, monopolization, nationalization, normalization, personalization, radicalization, rationalization, recapitalization, renationalization, revitalization, socialization, specialization, stabilization, utilization, visualization. |
| 7 | -l u z ā" sh u n | realization. |
| 6 | -u z ā" sh u n | accusation, alphabetization, amortization, authorization, balkanization, categorization, characterization, collectivization, colonization, colorization, communization, computerization, dehumanization, demilitarization, democratization, demonization, denuclearization, desalinization, disorganization, dramatization, harmonization, hybridization, immunization, improvisation, ionization, magnetization, maximization, mechanization, miniaturization, mischaracterization, modernization, optimization, organisation, organization, pasteurization, polarization, politicization, popularization, pressurization, privatization, reauthorization, reorganization, securitization, standardization, subsidization, suburbanization, unionization, urbanization, vaporization, victimization, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 5 | -z ā" sh u n | causation, demobilization. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, automation, aviation, avocation, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, capitulation, carnation, castration, celebration, certification, cessation, cetacean, citation, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, coloration, combination, commemoration, commendation, communication, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehydration, deification, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demodulation, demonstration, denomination, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, hesitation, hibernation, humiliation, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legislation, levitation, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, location, lubrication, machination, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, masturbation, maturation, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, moderation, modification, modulation, molestation, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, navigation, negation, negotiation, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, oration, orchestration, ordination, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, pollination, pontification, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, privation, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, ramification, ratification, reaffirmation, reallocation, recalculation, recantation, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, solicitation, sophistication, specification, speculation, stagflation, stagnation, starvation, station, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, substantiation, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, usurpation, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, vocation. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-a-i-i-l-n-n-o-r-t-t-u-z" | |
-2 letters: antirational. | |
-3 letters: antinatural, nutritional. | |
-4 letters: intrazonal, natatorial, nutational. | |
-5 letters: natatoria, nitration, nutrition, ruination, tarantula, tarnation, tuitional, unitarian, urination. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-a-i-i-l-n-n-o-r-t-t-u-z" | |
+1 letter: naturalizations. | |
+2 letters: denaturalization. | |
+3 letters: denaturalizations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)4E 61 74 75 72 61 6C 69 7A 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)-. .- - ..- .-. .- .-.. .. --.. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001110 01100001 01110100 01110101 01110010 01100001 01101100 01101001 01111010 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)N a t u r a l i z a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)004E 0061 0074 0075 0072 0061 006C 0069 007A 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)4867868784677875926786758180 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Quotations: Historic 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Quotations: Spoken | 9. Quotations: Speeches 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions: Internet 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Derivations 14. Rhymes 15. Anagrams 16. Orthography | 17. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.