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Definition: Municipal |
MunicipalAdjective1. Relating or belonging to or characteristic of a municipality; "municipal government"; "municipal bonds"; "a municipal park"; "municipal transportation". 2. Of or relating to the government of a municipality; "international law...only authorizes a belligerant to punish a spy under its municipal law"- J.L.kuntz. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "municipal" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1321. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
As a general term, Municipal government refers to local government operating at the level of a town or city level."Municipalities" consist of a group of people living in a defined area. Usually this will be an urban area, but surrounding rural areas may also be included. In most countries, municipalities of various sorts are special corporations defined under state law, and have specific rights and responsibilities.
A "government" (see also politics) consists of a set of people that have legal power over an area of land and the people that inhabit that land.
In the United States, "Municipal government" is the technical term used to describe local government at the level of the city. The remainder of this article gives details of these arrangements.
Municipal Government in the United States
In the United States, cities are the level of local government below that of the county. U.S. cities are governed in one of 2 ways, Council-Manager government and Mayor-Council government.
The rights of a city include:
etc.
- the ability to require payment of taxes by all those in the city limits;
- the ability to create debt on behalf of the citizens, who are responsible for repayment of those debts;
- the responsibility to enforce various state laws with a police force;
- the responsibility to provide for civil defense and other special needs;
Municipal (another word for 'city') governments are usually administratively divided into several departments, depending on the size of the city. Though cities differ in the division of responsibility, the typical arrangement is to have the following departments handle the following roles:
For more information on city government, the following organizations might be of interest:
- City Planning and zoning:
- Public Works: construction and maintenance of all city-owned or operated assets, including the water supply system, sewer, streets, snow removal, street signs, vehicles, buildings, land, etc.
- Parks and Recreation: (construction and maintenance of) city parks, common areas, parkways, publically owned lands, etc. Also, operation of various recreation programs and facilities. Note: often this department operates as a regional entity with its own tax authority and governmental structure.
- Police
- Fire
- Accounting / Finance: collects taxes owed by the city, incorporates human resources department for city workers,
- Legal: handles all legal matters including writing municpal bonds, verifying the city is in compliance with state and federal mandates, responding to citizen lawsuits like lawsuits allegedly stemming from city actions or inactions. Typical legal actions include someone falling on city-owned sidewalks suing the city for negligence, a city annexing land, etc.
- Transportation (varies widely): If the city has a municipal bus or light rail service, this function may be its own department or it may be folded into the another of the above departments.
- The National League of Cities: http://www.nlc.org
- National Association of Counties
- National League of Cities
- American Public Works Association
- National Association of County Engineers
- National Association of Development Organizations
- National Association of Towns and Townships
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Municipal government."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Municipalities (Kunta in Finnish, Kommun in Swedish) represent the local level of self government in Finland and also act as the basic regional administrative units of the country.In 2003 there are 446 Municipalities in Finland. Of these 111 are towns, 44 are bilingual and 19 are unilingually Finland-Swedish. Until 1977 municipalities were divided into towns (kaupunki/stad), market towns (kauppala/köping) and country municipalities (maalaiskunta/landskommun). The market towns were abolished and renamed to towns. The rest of the municipalities were classed as "other municipalities". From 1995 onwards only "municipality" is recogniced by law and any municipality that wishes so can call itself a town.
See also: Regions of Finland, List of towns in Finland
- List of Finnish municipalities
- List of Finnish municipalities by population
- List of Finnish municipalities by area
- List of Finnish municipalities by the Provinces of Finland
- Municipalities of Southern Finland
- Municipalities of Western Finland
- Municipalities of Eastern Finland
- Municipalities of Oulu
- Municipalities of Lapland
- Municipalities of Åland
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Municipalities of Finland."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Many of the municipalities of Portugal are older than the country itself. Some cities, towns and villages have twice the age of Portugal, or even more. Portugal is one of the oldest countries in Europe and in the world. The country was formed as a dependent county of the former Kingdom of Leon in the1090's, in 1128 became an independent county with the support of many portuguese(to be) cities, and turned into a kingdom by the year 1139.
Municipalities in Early Portugal
Therefore the municipalities in Portugual held a great importance in medieval independent Portugal. The Portuguese capital has changed places from Guimaraes, Lamego, Coimbra, Evora and, finally, Lisbon.
Oporto never reached the status of capital of Portugal, but mantained the status of the most important city of the newly formed nation for some centuries, as Capital of Merchants. A similar status was given to Braga, as Capital of the Archibishops (or the Church). Before the invasion of the Moors, Braga was the Capital of the former kingdom of the Suevi. These two cities were a major loss to the Leonese kingdom. As the country grows in the south, the portuguese capital also moved southwards. But excepting for Coimbra and Lisbon, the other cities where capital for a very short period of time. The moving capital was a very important strategy for the Portuguese reconquista of the south, where important Moorish kingdoms where established.
The Emanicipation of the Portuguese Municipalities
By the 19th century, the republicans promised a federal organization for the Portuguese territory -- that the country would become a municipal republic. When the Republic was formed, however, they didn't adopt what they promised for almost half a century.
Later in the end of the 20th century, democracy has granted more independence to municipalities. And, the formation of two super municipalities, known as áreas metropolitanas (meaning "metropolitan areas") for the two major cities of the country (Lisbon and Oporto). Altought, there has been discussions of the creation of three new metropolitan areas for the cities around Aveiro, Leiria and Viseu.
The municipalities in Portugal are known as concelhos ("councils"), but the word município("municipality") is used and also official.
The Captured Municipality
Map of Portugal with the invaded municipality of Olivença shown in orange.In 1801, Spain and France decides to invade Portugal because of Portugal's alliance with Britain and to make Portugal stops trading with Britain. A block was made europe-wide by the pressure of Napoleon, but Portugal didn't join this. By this, Spain declares war on Portugal, invading and forcing the country to sign the Triety of Badajoz where Olivença is given to Spain amoung other premisses. In the spanish view, this territory isolates, in some manner, some spanish territories and, because of this, has a strategical position in southern Iberia and all of Portugal should be part of Spain. Portugal signs with the commitment that Spain won't invade the rest of Portugal.
By the year 1807, Spain and France invades the country and the Portuguese Royal Family escapes to Brazil, a portuguese colony that by this will be turned into an associated kingdom of Portugal and, in fact, Rio de Janeiro turned into Capital of Portugal (Officialy, capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal and Brazil) during the invasion of metropolitan Portugal.
When the war was over and won, Portugal tried to regain it's lost territory. Spain signs with Portugal among other nations the Congress of Vienna, where, by its honor and will, promisses to return the Municipality of Olivença to Portugal and the Triety of Badajoz was declared, officially, null. Until today, Spain didn't make what it has promissed. Portugal has tried during these two centuries to regain Olivença, sometimes by force. But withdraws by fears of a new Peninsular War. In that region, till today there is no official border between the two countries.
Current Municipalities
These are the Portuguese municipalities:
- Abrantes
- Agueda
- Aguiar da Beira
- Alandroal
- Albergaria-A-Velha
- Albufeira
- Alcacer do Sal
- Alcanena
- Alcobaça
- Alcochete
- Alcoutim
- Alenquer
- Alfandega da Fe
- Aligo
- Aljesur
- Algestrel
- Almada
- Almeida
- Almeirim
- Almodovar
- Alpiarça
- Alter do Chao
- Alvaiazere
- Alvito
- Amadora
- Amarante
- Amares
- Anadia
- Angra do Heroismo
- Ansiao
- Arcos de Valdevez
- Arganil
- Armamar
- Arouca
- Arraiolos
- Arronches
- Arruda dos Vinhos
- Aveiro
- Avis
- Azambuja
- Baiao
- Barcelos
- Barrancos
- Barreiro
- Batalha
- Beja
- Belmonte
- benavente
- Bombarral
- Borba
- Boticas
- Braga
- Bragança
- Cabeceiras de basto
- Cadaval
- Caldas da Rainha
- Calheta (Azores Islands)
- Calheta (Madeira Islands)
- Camara de Lobos
- Caminha
- Campo maior
- Cantanhede
- Carrazeda de Ansiaes
- Carregal do Sal
- Cartaxo
- Cascais
- Castanheira de Pera
- Castelo Branco
- Castelo de Paiva
- Castelo de Vide
- Castro Daire
- Castro Marim
- Castro verde
- Celorico da Beira
- Celorico de Basto
- Chamusca
- Chaves
- Cinfaes
- Coimbra
- Condeixa-A-Nova
- Constancia
- Coruche
- Corvo
- Covilha
- Crato
- Cuba
- Elvas
- Entroncamento
- Espinho
- Espodende
- Estarreja
- Estremoz
- Evora
- Fafe
- Faro
- Felgueiras
- Ferreira do Alentejo
- Ferreira do Zezere
- Figueira da Foz
- Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo
- Figueiro dos Vinhos
- Fornos de Algodres
- Freixo de Espada A Cinta
- Fronteira
- Funchal
- Fundao
- Gaviao
- Gois
- Golega
- Gondomar
- Gouveia
- Grandola
- Guarda
- Guimaraes
- Horta
- Idanha-A-Nova
- Ilhavo
- Lagoa (Azores Islands)
- Lagoa (Algarve)
- Lagos
- Lajes das Flores
- Lajes do Pico
- Lamego
- Leiria
- Lisbon
- Loule
- Loures
- Lourinha
- Lousa
- Lousada
- Maçao
- Macedo de Cavaleiros
- Machico
- Madalena
- Mafra
- Maia
- Mangualde
- Manteigas
- Marco de Canavezes
- Marinha Grande
- Marvao
- Matosinhos
- Mealhada
- Meda
- Melgaço
- Mertola
- Mesao Frio
- Mira
- Miranda do Corvo
- Miranda do Douro
- Mirandela
- Mogadouro
- Moimenta da Beira
- Moita
- Monçao
- Monchique
- Moncorvo
- Mondim de Basto
- Monforte
- Montalegre
- Montemor-O-Novo
- Montemor-O-Velho
- Montijo
- Mora
- Mortagua
- Moura
- Mourao
- Murça
- Murtosa
- Nazare
- Nelas
- Niza
- Nordeste
- Obidos
- Odemira
- Odivelas
- Oeiras
- Oleiros
- Olhao
- Oliveira de Azemeis
- Oliveira de Frades
- Oliveira do Bairro
- Oliveira do Hospital
- Olivença (Occupied by Spain)
- Oporto
- Ourem
- Ourique
- Ovar
- Paços de Ferreira
- Palmela
- Pampilhosa da Serra
- Paredes
- Paredes de Coura
- Pedrogao Grande
- Penacova
- Penafiel
- Penalva do Castelo
- Penamacor
- Penedono
- Penela
- Peniche
- Peso da Regua
- Pinhel
- Pombal
- Ponta Delgada
- Ponta do Sol
- Ponte da Barca
- Ponte de Lima
- Ponte de Sor
- Portalegre
- Portel
- Portimao
- Porto de Mos
- Porto Moniz
- Porto Santo
- Povoa de Lanhoso
- Povoa de Varzim
- Povoaçao
- Praia da Vitoria
- Prença-A-Nova
- Redondo
- Reguengos de Monsaraz
- Resende
- Ribeira brava
- Ribeira de Pena
- Ribeira Grande
- Rio Maior
- Sabrosa
- Sabugal
- Salvaterra de Magos
- Santa Comba Dao
- Santa Cruz
- Santa Cruz da Graciosa
- Santa Cruz das Flores
- Santa Maria da Feira
- Santa Marta de Penaguiao
- Santana
- Santarem
- Santiago do Cacem
- Santo Tirso
- Sao Bras de Alportel
- Sao Joao da Madeira
- Sao joao da Pesqueira
- Sao Pedro do Sul
- Sao Roque do Pico
- Sao Vicente
- Sardoal
- Satao
- Seia
- Seixal
- Sernancelhe
- Serpa
- Serta
- Sesimbra
- Setubal
- Sever do Vouga
- Silves
- Sines
- Sintra
- Sobral de Monte Agraço
- Soure
- Sousel
- Tabua
- Tabuaço
- Tarouca
- Tavira
- Terras de Bouro
- Tomar
- Tondela
- Torres Novas
- Torres Vedras
- Trancoso
- Trofa
- Vagos
- Vale de Cambra
- Valença
- Valongo
- Valpaços
- Velas
- Vendas Novas
- Viana do Alentejo
- Viana do Castelo
- Vidigueira
- Vieira do Minho
- Vila de Rei
- Vila do Bispo
- Vila do Conde
- Vila do Porto
- Vila Flor
- Vila Franca de Xira
- Vila Franca do Campo
- Vila Nova da Barquinha
- Vila Nova de Cerveira
- Vila Nova de Famalicao
- Vila Nova de Foz Coa
- Vila Nova de Gaia
- Vila Nova de Paiva
- Vila Nova de Poiares
- Vila Pouca de Aguiar
- Vila Real
- Vila Real de Santo Antonio
- Vila Velha de Rodao
- Vila Verde
- Vila Viçosa
- Vimioso
- Vinhais
- Viseu
- Vizela
- Vouzela
External Links
A.N.M.P. (Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses)Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Municipalities of Portugal."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Municipalities or Kommuner represent the local level of self government in Sweden. Each municipality also belong to one of the 21 Counties of Sweden or Län.Municipalities can be further divided into boroughs or stadsdelsnämnder. The existence of such divisions are at the discretion of the municipality itself which also can decide to hold local referendum on whether a borough or part of the municipality should secede and form a separate municipality. However the question of whether a new municipality will at all be created is at the discretion of the Swedish Government.
In the middle of the 20th century several municipal reforms were implemented, which successively and drastically reduced their numbers, to the current 289 municipalities. The last major reform in 1971 abolished the Cities of Sweden as separate administrative entities and made them centers of the new larger municipalities. The cities, most of them with centuries old and in some cases more than 1000 year old traditions, are inspite of this still percieved as cities even if they are no longer in the formal sense, cities as such. Also metropolitan areas, such as Stockholm, are formally municipalities.
Municipal government in Sweden belong to the council-manager government variety.
See also: List of Swedish municipalities, List of Swedish municipalities by county, List of Swedish municipalities by population
External links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Municipalities of Sweden."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A municipality or general-purpose district (see also: special-purpose district) is an administrative region generally composed of a clearly defined area and commonly referring to a city, town, or village government. Municipalities are not necessarily the same as townships. In most countries, this is the smallest administrative subdivision that has its own democratically elected representative leadership.
See also: Council-manager government, Mayor, Mayor-council government, muni, Political science, Special-purpose district, Subnational entity
- In the People's Republic of China, a municipality (直辖市 in pinyin: zhíxiéshì) is a city with equal status to a province: Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing
- In Belgium, a municipality (gemeente/commune) is part of a province (provincie/province)
- In Brazil, a municipality (município) is part of a state (estado)
- In Denmark, a municipality (kommune) is part of a county (amt)
- In Finland, a municipality (kunta/kommun) is part of a province (lääni/län)
- In France, a municipality (commune) is part of a department (département)
- In Germany, a municipality (Gemeinde) is part of a district (Kreis). Larger entities of the same level are named city (Stadt).
- In the Netherlands, a municipality (gemeente) is part of a province (provincie).
- In Japan, any government other than the Japanese national government is called a municipality.
- In Mexico, a municipality (municipio) is subdivision of a state (estado).
- In Norway, a municipality (kommune) is part of a county (fylke)
- In the Philippines, a municipality (bayan) is part of a province (lalawigan) and is composed of barangays.
- In Puerto Rico, a municipality (municipio) serves as a second-order administrative division.
- In Serbia and Montenegro, a municipality (opština) is the topmost regional division in Montenegro but part of a county (okrug) in Serbia.
- In Spain, the english terms is equivalent to comarca. A comarca is composed by some cityhalls (the cityhall´s territory in Spains is the ) and is smaller than a province.
- In Sweden, a municipality (kommun) is part of a county (län).
- In Switzerland, a municipality (commune/Gemeinde/comune) is part of a canton (canton/Kanton/cantone) and defined by cantonal law.
- In the Republic of China on Taiwan, a municipality (直轄市 in Wade-Giles: chi-hsia-shih) is a city with equal status to a province: Taipei and Kaohsiung.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Municipality."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Jurisdiction | Executive, administrative, municipal; inquisitorial, causidical; judicatory, judiciary, judicial; juridical. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | State County Municipal Offender Data System (The Blues Brothers; writing credit: Dan Aykroyd ; John Landis) | |
Movie/TV Titles | La Presidenta municipal (1974) Parque Municipal de Campismo (1961) Homenagem ao Presidente da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (1960) Municipal Elections (1924) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Municipal workers pick up old tires to remove potential mosquito breeding sites, Laredo, Texas. Credit: CDC. |  | A yacht basin with a municipal vessel assistance craft. Credit: Fisheries. |
 | Three shrimp boats at the Municipal Pier. Credit: Fisheries. |  | The Army Creek landfill that was capped is in the upper-left hand corner of the image. The white pipe sticking up in the rear is a vent placed in the ground when the landfill was capped. The landfill contained both municipal and industrial wastes. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
 | Albert Einstein College of Medicine : Bronx Municipal Hospital Center. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Municipal Sanatorium, Otisville, N.Y. : Exterior view- Women's Unit. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | Ox as "ye oppressed tax-payer" pulling cart of municipal, county, poor, state, courthouse, road, school, and local taxes. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Municipal theatre and stand for "malabars," the oriental hansom cab, Saigon. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Engineering force of the Panama Section of the Division of Municipal Engineering, taken in the ruins of the old Flat Arch Church, city of Panama, about August 1907. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | A Municipal ferry, New York, N.Y. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Theatro Municipal do Rio de Ja" by Felipe Bordalo Commentary: "It's was in a chill night in Rio, I was playng some pool, and when i was leaving, walking to the bus stop, suddenly I realize that I was in front of one of the finnest old buildings of my city, at night, with good light and my camera in my backpack! There" | "Park crossing" by Paul Fris Commentary: "Detail of the municipal park in Arhus, denmark. Taken from the tower of the city hall." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | These two powers, executive and federative, though they be really distinct in themselves, yet one comprehending the execution of the municipal laws of the society within its self, upon all that are parts of it; the other the management of the security and interest of the public without, with all those that it may receive benefit or damage from, yet they are always almost united. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The number of gendarmes and employees or officials of the local or municipal police may only be increased to an extent corresponding to the increase of population since 1913 in the districts or municipalities in which they are employed. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Several Municipal Guards, wounded in the Rue des Lombards, turned back |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Drink municipal water that has been treated with chlorine or other effective disinfectants. (references) | |
Several community-wide outbreaks of giardiasis have been linked to drinking municipal water or recreational water contaminated with Giardia. (references) | ||
Kool JL, Carpenter, JC, Fields BS. Effect of monochloramine disinfection of municipal drinking water on risk of nosocomial legionnaires’ disease. (references) | ||
Business | China needs to develop municipal wastewater treatment plants. (references) | |
Solid municipal waste can be deposited at about 150 secured sites. (references) | ||
The Chengdu municipal government purchases the 400,000 tons of water. (references) | ||
Children | Greece | Athens has two municipal shelters for battered children. (references) |
India | A coalition of about 50 NGO's conducted a detailed survey in the Calcutta municipal area and identified 145,000 children who were not attending school. (references) | |
Panama | The 1998 municipal building code for Panama City requires that all new construction projects be accessible to persons with disabilities with fines from $100 to $500 for noncompliance. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Burkina Faso | Permits must be obtained from municipal authorities for political marches. (references) |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | On December 6, the two escaped prisoners surrendered to the Stolac Municipal Court. (references) | |
Ukraine | In March Kiev municipal authorities also granted land for the building of Babyn Yar Jewish Community. (references) | |
Economic History | Nicaragua | In November 2000, Nicaragua held municipal elections. (references) |
Ukraine | Only two airports (Kyiv-Zhuliany, and Odessa) are municipal. (references) | |
Luxembourg | Land is also available in municipal or regional business parks. (references) | |
Human Rights | Cuba | Civilian courts exist at the municipal, provincial, and supreme court levels. (references) |
Kyrgyz Republic | Decisions of elders' courts may be appealed to the corresponding municipal court. (references) | |
Moldova | The Chisinau municipal Prosecutor's Office was investigating the incident at year's end. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Colombia | These boards administer their territories as municipal entities, with officials elected or otherwise chosen according to tradition. (references) |
Mexico | The EZLN opposed the revised bill's subjection of indigenous rights and autonomy to existing federal, state, and municipal laws and jurisdictions, provisions that were not contained in the original COCOPA bill. (references) | |
South Africa | Traditional leaders and government representatives met several times during the year to discuss the relative roles of traditional leaders and municipal structures with the aim of drafting a legislative amendment setting out these roles. (references) | |
Minorities | Yugoslavia | Very few ethnic Albanians are employed by municipal governments in the region. (references) |
Mexico | In 2000 CEDEH claimed that municipal authorities had expelled 30,000 persons in the 30 years. (references) | |
Cote d'Ivoire | The March 25 municipal elections were canceled in Zouan-Hounien, and the authorities gradually restored calm. (references) | |
Political Economy | Eq. Guinea | The ruling PDGE party swept municipal elections in 2000. (references) |
Canada | Elected civilian officials control the federal, provincial, and municipal police forces. (references) | |
Bahrain | The Amir has also promised municipal elections in the latter part of 2001 or early 2002. (references) | |
Political Rights | Qatar | In 1999 citizens elected a 29-member Central Municipal Council. (references) |
Qatar | Its role is to advise the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Agriculture. (references) | |
Croatia | In May nationwide elections were held for local offices (town, municipal, and county level). (references) | |
Trade | Panama | Also, CFZ companies are not subject to any type of national or municipal tax. (references) |
Lebanon | The Bank also agreed to provide another loan of US$80 million for a municipal development project. (references) | |
Uruguay | Labeling and marking requirements are set and controlled by two federal and several municipal agencies. (references) | |
Travel | Netherlands | A municipal housing permit is required to occupy certain houses and apartments, and the landlord can advise you on this. (references) |
Panama | All private, government, municipal and U.S. Embassy offices are closed during local holidays, . In addition the U.S. Mission observes all U.S. holidays. (references) | |
Japan | Foreign residents in Japan longer than 90 days must obtain an Alien Registration Card, available free of charge from the municipal office of the city or ward of residence in Japan. (references) | |
Women | Morocco | She noted that only 3 of 600 members of Parliament were female, and only 85 of 22,600 municipal councilors. (references) |
Argentina | The Buenos Aires municipal government operates a small shelter for battered women and a 24-hour hot line offering support and guidance to victims of violence, but few other shelters exist. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Cameroon | In early June, employees of the Douala II municipal council went on strike for unpaid back wages. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Municipal" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 91.46% of the time. "Municipal" is used about 912 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 91.46% | 834 | 8,427 |
| Noun (proper) | 8.54% | 78 | 37,656 |
| Total | 100.00% | 912 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Canada | Municipal Bankers Corporation | China | Shanghai Municipal Raw Water Co., Ltd. |
| France | Societe Fermiere du Casino Municipal de Cannes | USA | Charter Municipal Mortgage Acceptance Co |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "municipal": municipal area ♦ Municipal Assistance Corporation ♦ municipal authorities ♦ municipal bond ♦ municipal building ♦ municipal bylaw ♦ municipal center ♦ municipal corporation ♦ municipal council ♦ municipal counsil ♦ municipal district ♦ municipal elections ♦ municipal government ♦ municipal law ♦ municipal note ♦ municipal sewage system ♦ municipal waste ♦ municipal water ♦ rate municipal taxes. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "municipal": municipal-bond, municipal-tiled. | |
Ending with "municipal": ex-municipal. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "municipal"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | komunal (communal, public), bashkiak. (various references) | |
Arabic | محلي (domestic, home, local, native, regional, territorial, topical), متمتع باستقلال ذاتي, بلدي (domestic, indigenous, native). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | самоуправляващ се (self-governing), комунален (communal), градски (city, civic, town, urban), общински (parish, parochial), муниципален. (various references) | |
Chinese | 市政 . (various references) | |
Czech | mìstský (oppidan, urban), obecní (communal, parochial). (various references) | |
Danish | Magistrat (communal administration, municipal adminstration), kommunalt anlæg (municipal park), bymæssigt kloakanlæg (municipal sewage system, sewage disposal, urban sewerage system, wastewater disposal), bypark (city park, municipal park), byraadssekretariat (municipal secretariat), bysygehus (municipal hospital), folkeregister (marriages and deaths, municipal registry of births), husholdningsaffald og lignende handels-,industri-og institutionsaffald,herunder separat indsamlede fraktioner (industrial and institutional wastes including separately collected fractions, municipal wastes and similar commercial), kommunal landejendom (municipal farm), kommunal vandforsyning (municipal water), kommunal vej (borough road, municipal road), kommunalbestyrelse (local authorities, local government, municipal board), byaffald (municipal waste, urban refuse), kommunalt affald (municipal waste, urban refuse), sognevej (municipal road, municipal street, parish road, rural road, village road), kommunalt forbrændingsanlæg (municipal waste incinerator), kommunalt kloaknet (municipal sewage system, sewage disposal, urban sewerage system, wastewater disposal), kommunalt sygehus (municipal hospital), kommunalt valgt (elected municipal officer), kommunebibliotek (city library, municipal library), kommuneforvaltning (local government, municipal administration), kommuneobligation (local authority negotiable bond, municipal bond), kommunevej (borough road, municipal road, municipal street, parish road, rural road, village road), offentlige anlæg og kontorer (collective facilities, community equipment, community facilities, municipal facilities, public facilities), renselse (municipal sewage system, sewage disposal, urban sewerage system, wastewater disposal), kommunale love (local code, municipal code). (various references) | |
Dutch | municipal bond (local authority negotiable bond, municipal bond), gemeentelijke afvalverbrander (municipal waste incinerator), gemeentepark (municipal park), gemeentelijke weg (municipal road, municipal street, parish road), gemeentelijke vuilverbrandingsoven (municipal waste incinerator), gemeentelijke vuilverbrandingsinstallatie (municipal waste incinerator), gemeentelijke vuilverbranding (municipal waste incinerator), gemeentelijke vuilverbrander (municipal waste incinerator), gemeentelijke verordening (bylaw, municipal ordinance), gemeentelijke verbrandingsinstallatie voor stadsvuil (municipal waste incinerator), gemeentelijke obligatie (local authority negotiable bond, municipal bond), gemeentelijke huisvestingstoelagen op het basispensioen (Municipal Housing Supplements to basic pensions), afvallozing (municipal sewage system, sewage disposal, urban sewerage system, wastewater disposal), gemeentelijke afvalverbrandingsoven (municipal waste incinerator), gemeentesecretarie (municipal secretariat), gemeentelijk verkozene (elected municipal officer), Gemeentelijk Havenbedrijf Rotterdam (Municipal Port Management, Port of Rotterdam), gemeentebestuur (local government, municipal administration), gemeentebelasting (local tax, municipal tax), gemeenschapsvoorzieningen (collective facilities, collective services, community equipment, community facilities, community services, municipal facilities, public facilities), Directeur van Gemeentewerken (Director of the Municipal Public Works Department), buurtweg (municipal road, municipal street, parish road, rural road, village road), burgerlijke stand (marriages and deaths, municipal registry of births, vital records), bureau van de burgerlijke stand (marriages and deaths, municipal registry of births), Broederschap van gemeente-secretarissen (Fraternity of Municipal Secretaries), afvalverwijdering (garbage disposal, municipal sewage system, rubbish removal, sewage disposal, urban sewerage system, waste disposal, waste removal, wastewater disposal), gemeentelijke belasting op onroerend goed (municipal tax on immovable property), raadsbesluit (act adopted by the Council, bye-law, municipal bylaw, ordinance), voorzieningen (accrued liabilities, collective facilities, community equipment, community facilities, municipal facilities, provisions, provisions for liabilities and charges, public facilities, reserves), uitrusting (accoutrement, accoutrements, equipment), stedelijke afvalstoffen (municipal waste, urban refuse), stedelijk afval (municipal refuse, municipal waste, urban refuse), stadsziekenhuis (municipal hospital), stadsvuil (municipal waste, urban refuse), stadsriolering (municipal sewage system, sewage disposal, urban sewerage system, wastewater disposal), stadspolitie (Municipal Police, Municipal Police Force), stadspark (city park, municipal park), stadsboerderij (municipal farm), stadsbibliotheek (city library, municipal library), Gemeentepolitie (Municipal Police, Municipal Police Force), sanering (clean up, cleanup, municipal sewage system, rationalization, reconstruction, redevelopment, rehabilitation, remediation, reorganization, sanitation, sanitization, sanitizing, scrubbing, sewage disposal, urban renewal, urban sewerage system, wastewater disposal), gemeenterecht (local code, municipal code), Raad v.d. Gemeentefinancien (Council on Municipal Finances), polyvalente uitvoering (collective facilities, community equipment, community facilities, municipal facilities, public facilities), openbare weg (municipal road, municipal street, parish road, public road, public thoroughfare), huishoudelijk afval en soortgelijk bedrijfsafval,inclusief gescheiden ingezamelde fracties (industrial and institutional wastes including separately collected fractions, municipal wastes and similar commercial), Havenbedrijf der Gemeente Rotterdam (Municipal Port Management, Port of Rotterdam), Haven van Rotterdam (Municipal Port Management, Port of Rotterdam), GHR (Municipal Port Management, Port of Rotterdam), gemeenteziekenhuis (municipal hospital), gemeenteweg (borough road, municipal road, municipal street, parish road). (various references) | |
Finnish | kunnallinen (corporation, council). (various references) | |
French | municipal, citadin. (various references) | |
German | städtisch (city, civic, municipally, town, urban), kommunal (communal, local). (various references) | |
Greek | του δήμου, δημοτικόσ (demotic), δημοτικός, δήμοσ (borough, commune, county, municipality, town ship, township). (various references) | |
Hebrew | עירוני (civic, metropolitan, urban). (various references) | |
Hungarian | városi (aldermanate, aldermanity, aldermanry, burgher, civic, town, urban), községi (communal, rating). (various references) | |
Italian | municipale (parish), urbano (city, civic, local, town, urban), comunale (city-, communal, public, town-). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 都立 (metro), 都市 (city, town, urban), 都市 (city, town, urban), 都 (capital, metropolitan), 内政 (domestic affairs, internal administration), 局地 (limited area, locality), 市立 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ないせい (domestic affairs, internal administration, introspection, reflection on one's self), しりつ (private), きょくち (culmination, farthest land, limited area, locality, perfection, polar regions), とりつ (metro), とし (age, city, dying in vain, town, urban, year), と (10, 18 litres, door, gang, metropolitan, party, person, set, ten, way). (various references) | |
Korean | 도시 (Cities, City, urban). (various references) | |
Manx | baljagh (civic, townsman). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | unicipalmay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | municipal (civic, town). (various references) | |
Romanian | municipal, orãşenesc (city, town, townlike, urban), de autoguvernare, cu autoguvernare. (various references) | |
Russian | муниципальный. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | opštinski (township), gradski (city, oppidan, town, urban). (various references) | |
Spanish | municipal (city, civic, parochial, town, urban). (various references) | |
Swedish | kommunal (civic, communal). (various references) | |
Thai | เกี่ยวกับเทศบาล. (various references) | |
Turkish | belediyeye ait. (various references) | |
Turkmen | kommunal (r) (public). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | самоврядний (autonomous, self-governing), міський (civic, oppidan, urban), муніципальний. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | municipalis. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "municipal": municipalities, municipality, municipalization, municipalizations, municipalize, municipalized, municipalizes, municipalizing, municipally, municipals. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "municipal": nonmunicipal. (additional references) | |
| |
"Municipal" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: mancipia, municipaly, municipes, municipia, Municipio, municiple, municpal. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "municipal" (pronounced myuwni"supul) |
| 5 | -s u p u l | subprincipal, principal, principle. |
| 4 | -u p u l | episcopal, multiple, oedipal. |
| 3 | -p u l | ample, Appel, apple, archetypal, businesspeople, carpal, chapel, congresspeople, couple, craftspeople, cripple, crumple, decouple, dimple, disciple, example, fipple, gospel, grapple, hopple, spokespeople, staple, steeple, supple, temple, laypeople, maple, metacarpal, newspeople, nipple, opal, papal, people, pimple, pineapple, Popple, pupil, purple, quadruple, quintuple, ripple, rumple, salespeople, sample, scalpel, scruple, Semple, simple, tipple, topple, townspeople, trample, triple, uncouple. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-i-i-l-m-n-p-u" | |
-1 letter: aluminic. | |
-2 letters: apiculi, nauplii, panicum, ulpanim, unclamp. | |
-3 letters: alumin, alumni, aminic, caplin, cilium, inclip, limina, limnic, lumina, paulin, pianic, uncial, unclip. | |
-4 letters: acini, amici, amnic, ampul, animi, aulic, campi, cilia, claim, clamp, clump, culpa, cumin, iliac, ilium, lapin, liman, limpa, linac, linum, lipin, lupin, malic, manic, miaul, milia, milpa, mucin, panic, pical, picul, pilau. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-i-i-l-m-n-p-u" | |
+1 letter: municipals. | |
+2 letters: municipally, unempirical. | |
+3 letters: multiplicand, municipality, municipalize, nonmunicipal, undiplomatic. | |
+4 letters: callithumpian, multiplicands, municipalized, municipalizes, republicanism, supercriminal, uncomplaining. | |
+5 letters: micropulsation, multiplication, municipalities, municipalizing, republicanisms, supercriminals. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Quotations: Historic | 9. Quotations: Fiction 10. Quotations: Non-fiction 11. Usage Frequency 12. Names: Company Usage | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Translations: Ancient | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Bibliography |
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