Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Multinational |
MultinationalAdjective1. Involving or operating in several countries; "multinational corporations". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Globalization is a social change, an increase in connections among societies and their elements. The term is applied to many social, commercial and economic activities. Depending on the context it can mean closer contact between different parts of the world (globalization of the world), or increasing relations among members of an industry in different parts of the world (globalization of an industry). It shares a number of characteristics with internationalization and is used interchangeably, although some prefer to use globalization to emphasize the erosion of the nation or national boundaries.
Globalization has become identified with a number of trends, most of which have developed since World War II. These include greater international movement of commodities, money, information, and people; and the development of technology, organizations, legal systems, and infrastructures to allow this movement. More specifically, globalization refers to:
Many of these trends are seen as positive by supporters of various forms of globalization, and in many cases globalization has been actively promoted by governments and other institutions. For example, there are economic arguments supporting globalisation, such as the theory of comparative advantage suggesting that free trade leads to a more efficient allocation of resources, with all those involved in the trade benefitting.
- An increase in international trade at a faster rate than the growth in the world economy
- Increase in international flow of capital including foreign direct investment
- Greater transborder data flow, using such technologies such as the Internet, Communication satellites and telephones
- Greater international cultural exchange, for example through the export of Hollywood and Bollywood movies
- Reduction in global cultural diversity through hybridization, Westernization, Americanization or Sinosization of cultures
- Erosion of national sovereignty and national borders through international agreements leading to organizations like the WTO
- Greater international travel and tourism
- Greater immigration, including illegal immigration
- Development of global telecommunications infrastructure
- Development of a global financial systems
- Increase in the share of the world economy controlled by multinational corporations
- Increased role of international organizations such as WTO, WIPO, IMF that deal with international transactions
- An increase in the number of standards applied globally; e.g. copyright laws
Barriers to international trade have been considerably lowered since World War II through international agreements such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT). Particular initiatives carried out as a result of GATT and the World Trade Organisation, for which GATT is the foundation, have included:
- Promotion of free trade
- Of goods: reduction or elimination of tariffs; construction of free trade zones with small or no tariffs
- Of capital: reduction or elimination of capital controls
- Reduction, elimination, or harmonization of subsidies for local businesses
- Intellectual Property Restrictions
- Harmonization of intellectual property laws across nations (generally speaking, with more restrictions)
- Supranational recognition of intellectual property restrictions (e.g. patents granted by China would be recognized in the US)
Anti-globalization
Various aspects of globalization are seen as harmful by anti-globalization, public-interest activists.See also: Anti-globalization movement.
Globalization in question
There is much academic discussion about whether globalization is a real phenomenon or only a myth. Although the term is widespread, many authors argue that the characteristics of the phenomenon have already been seen at other moments in history. Also, many note that those features that make people believe we are in the process of globalization, including the increase in international trade and the greater role of multinational corporations, are not as deeply established as they may appear. Thus, many authors prefer the use of the term internationalization rather than globalization. To put it simply, the role of the state and the importance of nations are greater in internationalization, while globalization in its complete form eliminates nation states. So, these authors see that the frontiers of countries, in a broad sense, are far from being dissolved, and therefore this radical globalization process is not yet happening, and probably won't happen, considering that in world history, internationalization never turned into globalization.
See also
- Anti-globalization
- Continental trading bloc
- Free trade zone
- GATT
- G11n
- Trade bloc
- International law
- Internationalization
- Internet
- Localization
- Mundialization
- World Intellectual Property Organization
- Cultural imperialism
- No Border Network
References
- Hirst & Thompson, Globalization in question (1991), ISBN 0-7456-2164-3
- Philippe Legrain, Open World:/ The Truth About Globalization (2002) ISBN 034911644X - A largely pro-globalization book which responds to many of the complaints of the anti-globalization movement, written by a former Special Adviser to the World Trade Organisation Director-General.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Globalization."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A multinational corporation (MNC) is one that spans multiple nations; these corporations are often very large. Such companies have offices and/or factories in different countries. They usually have a centralised head office where they coordinate global management.Very large multinationals have a budget that exceeds that of many countries.
Multinationals often make use of subcontractors to produce certain goods for them.
The category includes:
See also
- AOL
- AT&T
- BP
- Coca-Cola
- Disney
- Enron
- IBM
- McDonalds
- Microsoft
- Nestlé
- Nike, Inc
- Globalization
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Multinational corporation."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| MULTIBANK | English | London Multinational Bank | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Crosswords: Multinational |
| English words defined with "multinational": GATT, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, gigantic ♦ mammoth ♦ operation. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "multinational": Bull Information Systems ♦ deemed interest, direct method of allocation of costs ♦ Inter-American Development Bank, International Federation for Information Processing ♦ Latin American Economic System ♦ military strategy ♦ Philips ♦ strategic level of war ♦ USER REPRESENTATIVE, INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Multinational" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. French (multinational), German (multinational). |
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
 |
| "C&A @ Mallorca" by Martijn Beks Commentary: "How the Sign of a Dutch multinational can destroy an old building. Made October 2003, Palma de Mallorca." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Data from the World Health Organization's Multinational Project for Childhood Diabetes indicate that type 1 diabetes is rare in most African, American Indian, and Asian populations. (references) | |
Business | In fact, many multinational companies have established an office in Italy. (references) | |
Merck KGaA, the German multinational, is the U.K. market leader with a 23 percent share. (references) | ||
These national firms coexist with large multinational firms that are also active in the market. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Germany | In response to concerns expressed by foreign governments and multinational firms, in 2000 the Economics Ministry limited the scope of the sect filter to consulting and training contracts. (references) |
Economic History | Switzerland | Switzerland is also a base for many multinational corporations. (references) |
Ireland | The program allots 50 percent of the grant funding to multinational companies. (references) | |
Human Rights | Congo | On October 11, three citizens filed a complaint in a Belgian national court in Brussels against President Denis Sassou-Nguesso and a multinational oil company, alleging they had committed crimes against humanity by ordering or permitting targeted extrajudicial mass killings of civilian members of ethnic groups in late 1998 and early 1999. The charges included kidnaping, torture, and arbitrary arrest, and were based in part on a book of memoirs published in Europe. (references) |
Political Economy | Haiti | A U.S.-led Multinational Force restored government three years later. (references) |
New Zealand | New Zealand and the United States cooperate closely on advancing free trade interests in multinational fora. (references) | |
Trade | Ukraine | Foreign banks service both their multinational clients and Ukrainian blue chips. (references) |
El Salvador | Many multinational firms adhere to ISO 9000 standards, but they are not widely used among local companies. (references) | |
Morocco | However most multinational firms operating in Morocco currently use the ISO, primarily as a marketing tool. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Finland | The Government has a leading role in promoting the EU's antitrafficking "STOP" project, which is an effort to create a multinational network to monitor, analyze, and combat trafficking in persons. (references) |
Cote d'Ivoire | In most instances, the legal minimum working age is 14; however, the Ministry of Employment and Civil Service enforces this provision effectively only in the civil service and in large multinational companies. (references) | |
United Arab Emirates | Compensation depends on occupation and employer and ranges from $109 (400 dirhams) per month) for domestic or agricultural workers working for local individual employers to $164 (600 dirhams per month) for construction workers working for companies to much higher salaries for highly skilled employees working for multinational companies. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Now the multinational peacekeeping force and our marines are helping them break their cycle of despair. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Multinational" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Multinational" is used about 573 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 100% | 573 | 11,009 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "multinational": multinational character ♦ multinational character set ♦ multinational company ♦ multinational enterprise ♦ multinational force ♦ multinational forces ♦ multinational state. Additional references. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "multinational"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | shumëkombësh. (various references) | |
Arabic | متعدد الجنسيات. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | многонационален. (various references) | |
Chinese | 跨國 (transnational), 多民族. (various references) | |
Czech | mnohonárodnostní, nadnárodní (supra-national). (various references) | |
Danish | multinationalt selskab (multinational company, multinational enterprise), internationalt tegnsæt (international character set, multinational character set), internationalt tegn (international character, multinational character). (various references) | |
Dutch | multinationaal. (various references) | |
Esperanto | multnacia, plurnacia. (various references) | |
Finnish | monikansallinen (multilateral). (various references) | |
French | multinational. (various references) | |
German | multinational. (various references) | |
Greek | πολυεθνικόσ, πολυεθνικός. (various references) | |
Hungarian | többnemzetiségû. (various references) | |
Italian | multinazionale. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | マルサス主義 (Japanese ship, maltase, Maltese, Malthusianism, Mars, Marseilles, Maru-ship, multi talent, multi-agent, multicast, multichannel amp system, multi-channel amplification, multichanneler, multi-chip, multiclient, multicoordination, multiflash, multilevel marketing, multimedia, multiple, multiple-choice, multipurpose car, multiscreen, multispecialist, multiway speaker system), 多国籍 . (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | たこくせき, マルチナショナル . (various references) | |
Korean | 다국. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ultinationalmay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | multinacional (multinational company). (various references) | |
Romanian | multinaţional. (various references) | |
Russian | многонациональный (multiracial). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | višenacionalan. (various references) | |
Spanish | multinacional (multinational enterprise). (various references) | |
Swedish | multinationell. (various references) | |
Turkish | çok uluslu (multilateral). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | багатонаціональний (cosmopolitan, cosmopolite). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "multinational": multinationals. (additional references) | |
| |
"Multinational" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Multlnational. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "multinational" (pronounced mu'ltī'na"shunul or mu'ltē'na"shunul) |
| 7 | -n a" sh u n u l | binational, supranational, international, national, transnational. |
| 6 | -a" sh u n u l | irrational, rational. |
| 5 | -sh u n u l | aberrational, additional, coeducational, compositional, computational, concessional, conditional, confessional, conformational, confrontational, congregational, congressional, connotational, constitutional, conventional, conversational, correctional, denominational, depositional, devotional, dimensional, directional, dysfunctional, educational, emotional, exceptional, factional, fictional, fluxional, foundational, fractional, functional, generational, gravitational, improvisational, informational, inspirational, institutional, instructional, intentional, intergenerational, investigational, Invitational, jurisdictional, motivational, navigational, nonprofessional, nontraditional, nutritional, obsessional, occupational, operational, optional, organizational, processional, professional, promotional, proportional, recreational, relational, representational, rotational, sectional, sensational, situational, traditional, transformational, transitional, unconditional, unconstitutional, unconventional, unemotional, unintentional, unprofessional, untraditional, vocational. |
| 4 | -u n u l | abdominal, aboriginal, Arsenal, attitudinal, biphenyl, cantonal, Cardinal, collisional, criminal, delusional, diagonal, divisional, doctrinal, duodenal, erosional, gastrointestinal, hexagonal, impersonal, subliminal, superregional, terminal, interpersonal, intestinal, juvenile, latitudinal, longitudinal, luminal, marginal, medicinal, nominal, noncriminal, occasional, octagonal, original, personal, phenomenal, polygonal, provisional, regional, retinal, seasonal, seminal, sentinel, virginal. |
| 3 | -n u l | infernal, adrenal, anal, annal, annul, atonal, autumnal, carnal, channel, Colonel, communal, cornel, Darnel, departmental, diurnal, empanel, eternal, external, faunal, fennel, final, flannel, fraternal, funnel, hormonal, Hymnal, impanel, spinal, internal, journal, kennel, kernel, maternal, monoclonal, monsoonal, morainal, nocturnal, panel, paternal, penal, polyvinyl, renal, semifinal, shrapnel, signal, tonal, tribunal, tunnel, vaginal, venal, vernal, Vinal, vinyl. |
| 7 | -n a" sh u n u l | binational, supranational, international, national, transnational. |
| 6 | -a" sh u n u l | irrational, rational. |
| 5 | -sh u n u l | aberrational, additional, coeducational, compositional, computational, concessional, conditional, confessional, conformational, confrontational, congregational, congressional, connotational, constitutional, conventional, conversational, correctional, denominational, depositional, devotional, dimensional, directional, dysfunctional, educational, emotional, exceptional, factional, fictional, fluxional, foundational, fractional, functional, generational, gravitational, improvisational, informational, inspirational, institutional, instructional, intentional, intergenerational, investigational, Invitational, jurisdictional, motivational, navigational, nonprofessional, nontraditional, nutritional, obsessional, occupational, operational, optional, organizational, processional, professional, promotional, proportional, recreational, relational, representational, rotational, sectional, sensational, situational, traditional, transformational, transitional, unconditional, unconstitutional, unconventional, unemotional, unintentional, unprofessional, untraditional, vocational. |
| 4 | -u n u l | abdominal, aboriginal, Arsenal, attitudinal, biphenyl, cantonal, Cardinal, collisional, criminal, delusional, diagonal, divisional, doctrinal, duodenal, erosional, gastrointestinal, hexagonal, impersonal, subliminal, superregional, terminal, interpersonal, intestinal, juvenile, latitudinal, longitudinal, luminal, marginal, medicinal, nominal, noncriminal, occasional, octagonal, original, personal, phenomenal, polygonal, provisional, regional, retinal, seasonal, seminal, sentinel, virginal. |
| 3 | -n u l | infernal, adrenal, anal, annal, annul, atonal, autumnal, carnal, channel, Colonel, communal, cornel, Darnel, departmental, diurnal, empanel, eternal, external, faunal, fennel, final, flannel, fraternal, funnel, hormonal, Hymnal, impanel, spinal, internal, journal, kennel, kernel, maternal, monoclonal, monsoonal, morainal, nocturnal, panel, paternal, penal, polyvinyl, renal, semifinal, shrapnel, signal, tonal, tribunal, tunnel, vaginal, venal, vernal, Vinal, vinyl. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-i-i-l-l-m-n-n-o-t-t-u" | |
-2 letters: multination. | |
-3 letters: antimonial, illuminant, lamination, mutational, mutilation, nutational. | |
-4 letters: allantoin, animation, matutinal, tuitional. | |
-5 letters: amanitin, antiatom, illation, lunation, maintain, mannitol, mantilla, militant, minutial, mountain, multiton, munition, mutation, natation, national, nutation, tallitim, tantalum, titanium, ultimata. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-i-i-l-l-m-n-n-o-t-t-u" | |
+1 letter: multinationals. | |
+3 letters: transilluminator, ultranationalism. | |
+4 letters: multigenerational, transillumination, transilluminators, ultranationalisms. | |
+5 letters: transilluminations. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Commercial 4. Images: Slideshow | 5. Images: Digital Art 6. Quotations: Non-fiction 7. Quotations: Speeches 8. Usage Frequency | 9. Expressions 10. Expressions: Internet 11. Translations: Modern 12. Abbreviations | 13. Acronyms 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
