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Moon

Definition: Moon

Moon

Noun

1. The natural satellite of the Earth; "the average distance to the moon is 384,400 kilometers"; "men first stepped on the moon in 1969".

2. Any object resembling a moon; "he made a moon lamp that he used as a night light"; "the clock had a moon that showed various phases".

3. The period between successive new moons (29.531 days).

4. The light of the moon; "moonlight is the smuggler's enemy"; "the moon was bright enough to read by".

5. Any natural satellite of a planet; "Jupiter has sixteen moons".

Verb

1. Have dreamlike musings or fantasies while awake; "She looked out the window, daydreaming".

2. Be idle in a listless or dreamy way.

3. Expose one's buttocks to; "moon the audience".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "moon" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references)

 

Specialty Definition: Moon

DomainDefinition

19th Century Satire

The only lighting monopoly that never made money. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904.

Aerospace

1. The natural satellite of the earth.2. A natural satellite of any planet. See planet table. (references)

Bible

Moon heb. yareah, from its paleness (Ezra 6:15), and lebanah, the "white" (Cant. 6:10; Isa. 24:23), was appointed by the Creator to be with the sun "for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years" (Gen. 1:14-16). A lunation was among the Jews the period of a month, and several of their festivals were held on the day of the new moon. It is frequently referred to along with the sun (Josh. 10:12; Ps. 72:5, 7, 17; 89:36, 37; Eccl. 12:2; Isa. 24:23, etc.), and also by itself (Ps. 8:3; 121:6). The great brilliance of the moon in Eastern countries led to its being early an object of idolatrous worship (Deut. 4:19; 17:3; Job 31:26), a form of idolatry against which the Jews were warned (Deut. 4:19; 17:3). They, however, fell into this idolatry, and offered incense (2 Kings 23:5; Jer. 8:2), and also cakes of honey, to the moon (Jer. 7:18; 44:17-19, 25). Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary.

Dream Interpretation

To dream of seeing the moon with the aspect of the heavens remaining normal, prognosticates success in love and business affairs.
A weird and uncanny moon, denotes unpropitious lovemaking, domestic infelicities and disappointing enterprises of a business character.
The moon in eclipse, denotes that contagion will ravage your community.
To see the new moon, denotes an increase in wealth and congenial partners in marriage.
For a young woman to dream that she appeals to the moon to know her fate, denotes that she will soon be rewarded with marriage to the one of her choice. If she sees two moons, she will lose her lover by being mercenary. If she sees the moon grow dim, she will let the supreme happiness of her life slip for want of womanly tact.
To see a blood red moon, indicates war and strife, and she will see her lover march away in defence of his country. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted ....

Literature

Moon means "measurer" of time (Anglo-Saxon, móna, masc. gen.). It is masculine in all the Teutonic languages; in the Edda the son of Mundilfori is Mâni (moon), and daughter Sôl (sun); so it is still with the Lithuanians and Arabians, and so was it with the ancient Mexicans, Slavi, Hindus, etc.; so that it was a most unlucky dictum of Harris, in his Hermes, that all nations ascribe to the Sun a masculine, and to the Moon a feminine gender. (Gothic, mena, masc.; Sanskrit, mâs, masc., from mâ, to measure.) The Sanskrit mâtram is an instrument for measuring; hence Greek metron; French, metre; English, meter.
The Germans have Frau Sonne (Mrs. Sun) and Herr Mond (Mr. Moon).
Moon, represented in five different phases: (1) new; (2) full; (3) crescent or decrescent; (4) half; and (5) gibbous, or more than half.
Moon, in pictures of the Assumption of the Virgin, is represented as a crescent under her feet; in the Crucifixion it is eclipsed, and placed on one side of the cross, the sun being on the other; in the Creation and Last Judgment it is also introduced by artists.
Hecate, The moon before she has risen and after she has set.
Astarte. The crescent moon, "the moon with crescent horns."
Diana. The moon in the open vault of heaven, who "hunts the clouds."
Cynthia. Same as Diana.
Selene or Luna. The moon personified, properly the full moon, who loved the sleeping Endymion.
Endymion. Moonlight on a bank, field, or garden.
"How sweet the moonlight sleeps upon this bank!"
Shakespeare: Merchant of Venice, v. 1.
Phoebe. The moon as the sister of the sun. (See Astarte, Ashtaroth, etc.).
Moon. Astolpho found treasured in the moon everything wasted on this earth, such as misspent time and wealth, broken vows, unanswered prayers, fruitless tears, abortive attempts, unfulfilled desires and intentions, etc. All bribes were hung on gold and silver hooks; prince's favours were kept in bellows; wasted talent was kept in vases, each marked with the proper name; etc. Orlando Furioso, bk. xviii. (See Rape of the Lock, c. v.)
Moon. (See under Mahomet.)
The moon is called "triform," because it presents itself to us either round, or waxing with horns towards the east, or waning with horns towards the west.
Island of the moon. Madagascar is so named by the natives.
Minions of the moon. Thieves who rob by night. (See 1 Henry IV., i. 2.)
Mountains of the Moon means simply White Mountains. The Arabs call a white horse "moon-coloured." (Jackson.)
He cries for the moon. He craves to have what is wholly beyond his reach. The allusion is to foolish children who want the moon for a plaything. The French say "He wants to take the moon between his teeth" ("Il veut prendre la lune avec les dents"), alluding to the old proverb about "the moon," and a "green cheese."
To cast beyond the moon. To make extravagant conjectures; to cast your thoughts or guesses beyond all reason.
To level at the moon. To be very ambitious; to aim in shooting at the moon.
You have found an elephant in the moon - found a mare's nest. Sir Paul Neal, a conceited virtuoso of the seventeenth century, gave out that he had discovered "an elephant in the moon." It turned out that a mouse had crept into his telescope, which had been mistaken for an elephant in the moon. Samuel Butler has a satirical poem on the subject called The Elephant in the Moon.
You would have me believe, I suppose, that the moon is a green cheese- i.e. the most absurd thing possible. A green cheese is a cream cheese which is eaten green or fresh, and is not kept to mature like other cheeses.
Man in the moon. (See Man.)
Hares sacred to the moon, not because Diana was a great huntress, but because the Hindus affirm that the outline of a hare is distinctly visible on the moon.
Once in a blue moon. (See Blue.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary.

Space

A small natural body which orbits a larger one. A natural satellite. Capitalized, the Earth's natural satellite. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Full Moon

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

See:

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Full Moon."

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Full moon

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)


The Galileo spacecraft took this composite image on December 7, 1992 on its way to explore the Jupiter system in 1995-97. The color is 'enhanced' in the sense that the CCD camera is sensitive to near infrared wavelengths of light beyond human vision. (Larger image)

The full moon is the phase of the moon that occurs when the Moon lies on the opposite side of Earth from the Sun. The moon as seen from the surface of the earth is fully illuminated by the sun at this time, presenting a "full" round disc to viewers on earth. As always, only half the total surface of the moon is illuminated.

A full moon is the only time when a lunar eclipse is possible; at that time the moon may move through the shadow cast by the earth. However, because of the tilt of the moon's orbit around the earth relative to the earth's orbit around the sun, the moon may pass above or below the shadow, so a lunar eclipse does not occur at every full moon. Full moons are generally a poor time to conduct astronomical observations, since the bright reflected sunlight from the moon overwhelms the dimmer light from stars.

An approximate formula for the average time of full moon N is:

D = 20.362954 + 29.5305888531 × N + 102.19 × 10-12 × N 2

where D is the number of days (and fractions) since 1 January 2000 00:00:00 TT, and N is an integer.

To obtain this day expressed in UTC (world clock time) for future events (N > 0), apply the following approximate correction:

-0.000739 - 235 × 10-12 × N 2

The true full moon may differ from this by more than 14 hours, due to periodic perturbations. The long-term error of the formula is approximately 1 × cy2 seconds in TT, and 11 × cy2 seconds in UT (cy is centuries since 2000); see the new moon page for a detailed explanation.

Full moons are traditionally associated with insanity (hence the terms lunacy and lunatic) and with various unusual phenomena such as lycanthropy.

Neopagans hold a monthly ritual called an Esbat at each full moon.

The traditional Chinese calendar is based on the phases of the moon. The full moon is always the middle of a month. The mid-autumn festival falls on the full moon of the eighth month. The Lantern festival falls on the first full moon of the year. Many religious Chinese people prepare their ritualistic offerings to their ancestors and deities on every full moon and new moon.

Full Moon Names
MonthNamesOther Names Used
JanuaryWolf MoonOld Moon
FebruarySnow MoonHunger Moon
MarchWorm MoonCrow Moon, Crust Moon, Sugar Moon, Sap Moon
AprilPink MoonSprouting Grass Moon, Egg Moon, Fish Moon
MayFlower MoonCorn Planting Moon, Milk Moon
JuneStrawberry MoonRose Moon, Hot Moon
JulyBuck MoonThunder Moon, Hay Moon
AugustSturgeon MoonRed Moon, Green Corn Moon
SeptemberHarvest MoonCorn Moon, Barley Moon
OctoberHunter's MoonTravel Moon, Dying Grass Moon
NovemberBeaver MoonFrost Moon
DecemberCold MoonLong Nights Moon
These are the traditional names given to each month's Full Moon by Native Americans in the northern and eastern United States. The Moon was used to track the seasons. (From Farmer's Almanac)

The Blue Moon

The origin of the term "Blue Moon" is steeped in folklore, and its meaning has changed and acquired new and interesting meanings and nuances over time. The earliest known recorded usage was in 1528, in a pamphlet entitled Rede Me and Be Not Wrothe: "Yf they say the mone is belewe, we must believe that it is true". This implies the expression had a meaning of something that was absurd, and bears close resemblance to another moon-related adage first recorded in the following year "They woulde make men beleue ... that ye Moone is made of grene chese".

In modern terms, the event known as a blue moon is related to the western calendar system. A blue moon is the second of two full moons to occur in the same calendar month. Blue moons occur infrequently (thus the saying once in a blue moon to denote a rare event), because the length of the calendar month in this system is close to the length of the period of the moon's phases (synodic month). They are not impossible, because every month except February is longer that this period by 1 or 2 days. The next blue moons (based on UTC) will be on July 31, 2004; June 30, 2007; and December 31, 2009.

The original meaning of blue moon was the third full moon in a season when there were four full moons in that season: this had to do with church holy days related to the last or first full moon of a season (like Easter). This usage had been almost entirely forgotten, and the original meaning was uncovered only when researchers for Sky & Telescope magazine noticed that the Maine Farmer's Alamanac from 1829 to 1937 reported blue moons that did not fit the first meaning of the term above. (See What's a Blue Moon?)

Visibly blue moons are rare events. They can be caused by smoke or dust particles in the atmosphere, such as happened after forest fires in Sweden in 1950 and Canada in 1951 and, notably, after the eruption of Krakatoa in 1883, which caused blue moons for nearly two years.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Full moon."

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Keith Moon

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Keith Moon (August 23, 1946 - September 7, 1978) was the drummer of the rock group The Who. He was born in London in 1946, although he would later claim to have been born a year later.

He is considered one of the most unusual and yet original drummers of all rock and roll history.

Early in the Who's career, the band acquired a reputation for destroying their equipment at the end of each show. Moon showed a particular zeal for this activity, wildly kicking and smashing his drums, and on one occasion loading a drum with fireworks which he detonated at the finale of My Generation. His antics earned him the nickname "Moon the Loon".

Moon quickly gained a reputation as being highly destructive. He was known to lay waste to hotel rooms, the homes of friends, and even his own domicile, often throwing furniture out of high windows and destroying the plumbing with firecrackers. While he never actually drove a car into a swimming pool, it's not hard to imagine how such a story originated.

Moon had a style all his own and laid down some of the tightest drum tracks in rock and roll. Contemporary drummers such as Mitch Mitchell, Ginger Baker, and John Bonham could all point to him as a major influence, and Moon's anarchic, out-of-control style remains an influence on popular music today.

Although his work with the Who dominated Moon's career, he participated in a few minor side projects. In 1966, he teamed up with Yardbirds guitarist Jeff Beck and future Led Zeppelin members Jimmy Page and John Paul Jones to record an instrumental, Beck's Bolero, released as a single later that year. Moon is also said to have named Led Zeppelin, remarking that the supergroup would "go over like a lead balloon". In 1974 he released his first and only solo album, a collection of pop covers entitled Two Sides of the Moon. In 1976 he covered the Beatles tune When I'm Sixty-Four for the soundtrack of the documentary All This And World War II.

Moon died in his sleep at the age of 32, having overdosed on anti-seizure medication. He was replaced by Faces drummer Kenney Jones, and in recent tours by Zak Starkey.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Keith Moon."

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Moon

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

This page refers to Earth's moon. For other moons in the solar system, please see natural satellite. See also: the Luna program of unmanned space missions. For other things named Moon see Moon (disambiguation).

Luna

Orbital characteristics
Mean radius384,400 km
Eccentricity0.0549
Revolution period27d 7h 43.7m
Inclination5.1454°
Is a satellite ofEarth
Physical characteristics
Equatorial diameter3,474.8 km
Surface area38 million km2
Mass7.349 × 1022 kg
Mean density3.34 g/cm3
Surface gravity1.62 m/s2
Rotation period27d 7h 43.7m
Axial tilt1.5424°
Albedo0.12
Surface temp
minmeanmax
K250 KK
Atmospheric characteristics
Atmospheric pressure3 × 10-13kPa
Helium25%
Neon25%
Hydrogen23%
Argon20%
Methane
Ammonia
Carbon dioxide
trace
Crust composition
Oxygen43%
Silicon21%
Aluminium10%
Calcium9%
Iron9%
Magnesium5%
Titanium2%
Nickel0.6%
Sodium0.3%
Chromium0.2%
Potassium0.1%
Manganese0.1%
Sulfur0.1%
Phosphorus500ppm
Carbon100ppm
Nitrogen100ppm
Hydrogen50ppm
Helium20ppm

The Moon is the largest satellite of the Earth. It has no formal name other than "The Moon" although it is occasionally called Luna (Latin for moon) to distinguish it from the generic "moon." The words moon and month come from the same Old English root word.

The color image of the Moon to the right was taken by the Galileo spacecraft at 9:35 a.m. PST December 9, 1990, at a range of about 350,000 miles.

The side of Luna that faces away from the Earth is properly called "the far side." It is sometimes referred to as the "dark side" of the Moon. In this case "dark" means unknown and hidden; it also refers to the "communications black out" which occurs as a spacecraft travels on the far side; this black out is a result of the moon's mass blocking radio signals. This term, "dark side", is often erroneously interperted as referring to a lack of solar radiation. The Sun can be seen from the far side. Most of the far side cannot be seen from the Earth, because the planet and its moon have a synchronic relationship; a small portion of the far side can be seen, from Earth, due to libration.

The near side of Luna is covered with ~30,000 craters having a diameter of at least 1 kilometer. The largest crater on Luna, and indeed the largest known crater within the solar system, forms the South Pole-Aitken basin. This crater is located on the far side, near the south pole, and is some 2,240km in diameter, and 13km in depth.

The Moon and the Celestial Sphere

The Moon makes a complete orbit of the celestial sphere about every four weeks. Each hour the moon moves in the sky a distance close to its perceived angular size, or by about 0.5º. The Moon always remains within a path, called the Zodiac, which extends about 8º on either side of the ecliptic. Luna crosses the ecliptic about once every 2 weeks.

Brief History of Lunar Understanding

During the ancient period, it was not uncommon for cultures to believe that Luna died each night, thus descending into the underworld; other cultures believed that the moon chased Sol (and vice-versa). By the medieval period, some believed that Luna was a "perfectly smooth" sphere; and some believed that there were oceans there (see: maria). As late as the 1920s (or so), it was believed that Luna might have a breatheable atmosphere (or so science fiction of the period seems to indicate). In 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to land on the moon.

Physical characteristics

Since the Moon's rotational period is exactly the same as its orbital period, we always see the same face of the Moon pointed towards the Earth. This synchronicity is a result of friction having slowed down the Moon's rotation in its early history, a process known as tidal locking. As a result of tidal locking, the Earth's rotation is also gradually being slowed down by the Moon, and the Moon is slowly receding from the Earth as the Earth's rotational momentum is transferred to the Moon's orbital momentum. The gravitional attraction that the Moon exerts on the Earth is the cause of tides in the sea. Tidal flow is synchronised to the Moon's orbit around the Earth.

The Earth and Moon orbit about a common center of mass, which lies about 4700 km from the Earth's center. Since the common center of mass of the Earth-Moon system (the barycenter) is located within Earth, Earth's motion is more commonly described as a "wobble." When viewed from Earth's North pole, the Earth and Moon rotate counter clockwise about their axes, Moon orbits Earth counter-clockwise and Earth orbits the Sun counter-clockwise.

The Moon's orbital plane about the Earth is inclined by 5 degrees with respect to the Earth's orbital plane about the Sun (the ecliptic plane). The Moon's orbital plane along with its spin axis rotates clockwise with a period of 18.6 years, always maintaining the 5 degree inclination. The points where the Moon's orbit crosses the ecliptic are called the lunar "nodes": the North (or ascending) node is where the Moon crosses to the North of the ecliptic; the South (or descending ) node where it crosses to the South. Solar eclipses occur when a node coincides with the new Moon; lunar eclipses when a node coincides with the full Moon.

The inclination of the Moon's orbit makes it rather unlikely that the Moon formed along with the Earth or was captured later; its origin is the subject of strong scientific debate. The most accepted theory states that the Moon originated from the collision between the young Earth and an impactor the size of Mars (sometimes called Theia) and was formed from material ejected from Earth as a result of the collision. This is called the Giant Impact theory. New simulations published in August 2001 support this theory . This theory is also corroborated by the fact that the Moon has all the same minerals as the Earth, albeit in different proportions.

The geological epochs of the Moon are defined based on the dating of various significant impact events in the Moon's history.

Tidal forces deformed the once molten Moon into an ellipsoid, with the major axis pointed towards the Earth.

Composition

More than 4.5 billion years ago, the surface of the Moon was a liquid magma ocean. Scientists think that one component of lunar rocks, KREEP (K-potassium, Rare Earth Elements, and P-phosphorus), represents the last chemical remnant of that magma ocean. KREEP is actually a composite of what scientists term "incompatible elements": those which cannot fit into a crystal structure and thus were left behind, floating to the surface of the magma. For researchers, KREEP is a convenient tracer, useful for reporting the story of the volcanic history of the lunar crust and chronicling the frequency of impacts by comets and other celestial bodies.

The lunar crust is composed of a variety of primary elements, including uranium, thorium, potassium, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, iron, titanium, calcium, aluminum and hydrogen. When bombarded by cosmic rays, each element bounces back into space its own radiation, in the form of gamma rays. Some elements, such as uranium, thorium and potassium, are radioactive and emit gamma rays on their own. However, regardless of what causes them, gamma rays for each element are all different from one another -- each produces a unique spectral "signature," detectable by a spectrometer. A complete global mapping of the Moon for the abundance of these elements has never been performed.

Presence of water


Moon craters (magnify)
Over time, comets and meteorites continually bombard the Moon. Many of these objects are water-rich. Energy from sunlight splits much of this water into its constituent elements hydrogen and oxygen, both of which usually fly off into space immediately. However, it has been hypothesized that significant traces of water remain on the moon, either on the surface, or embedded within the crust. The results of the Clementine mission suggested that small, frozen pockets of water ice (remnants of water-rich comet impacts) may be embedded unmelted in the permanently shadowed regions of the lunar crust. Although the pockets are thought to be small, the overall amount of water was suggested to be quite significant - one billion cubic meters, or an amount the size of Lake Erie.

Some water molecules, however, may have literally hopped along the surface and gotten trapped inside craters at the lunar poles. Due to the very slight "tilt" of the Moon's axis, only 1.5°, some of these deep craters never receive any light from the Sun - they are permanently shadowed. It is in such craters that scientists expect to find frozen water if it is there at all. If found, water ice could be mined and then split into hydrogen and oxygen by solar panel-equipped electric power stations or a nuclear generator. The presence of usable quantities of water on the Moon would be an important factor in rendering lunar habitation cost-effective, since transporting water (or hydrogen and oxygen) from Earth would be prohibitively expensive.

The equatorial Moon rock collected by Apollo astronauts contained no traces of water. Neither the Lunar Prospector nor more recent surveys, such as those of the Smithsonian Institution, have found any evidence of lunar water, ice, or water vapour.

Magnetic field

Compared to that of the Earth, the Moon has a very small magnetic field. While some of the Moon's magnetism is thought to be intrinsic (such as a strip of the lunar crust called the Rima Sirsalis), collision with other celestial bodies might have imparted some of the Moon's magnetic properties. Indeed, a long-standing question in planetary science is whether an airless solar system body, such as the Moon, can obtain magnetism from impact processes such as comets and asteroids. Magnetic measurements can also supply information about the size and electrical conductivity of the lunar core -- evidence that will help scientists better understand the Moon's origins. For instance, if the core contains more magnetic elements (such as iron) than the Earth, then the impact theory loses some credibility (although there are alternate explanations for why the lunar core might contain less iron).

Blanketed atop the Moon's crust is a dusty outer rock layer called regolith. Both the crust and regolith are unevenly distributed over the entire Moon. The crust ranges from 38 miles (60 km) on the near side to 63 miles (100 km) on the far side. The regolith varies from 10 to 16 feet (3 to 5 meters) in the maria to 33 to 66 feet (10 to 20 meters) in the highlands. Scientists think that such asymmetry of the lunar crust most likely accounts for the Moon's off-set center of mass. Crustal asymmetry may also explain differences in lunar terrain, such as the dominance of smooth rock (maria) on the near side of the Moon.

Atmosphere

The Moon has a relatively insignificant and tenuous atmosphere. One source of this atmosphere is outgassing - the release of gases, for instance radon, which originate deep within the Moon's interior. Another important source of gases is the solar wind, which is briefly captured by the Moon's gravity.

Observation of the Moon

By what can only be a truly extraordinary coincidence, the apparent size of the Moon as seen from the Earth is almost exactly the same as the apparent size of the Sun, so that total solar eclipses are possible where the Moon almost completely covers the Sun and the solar corona becomes visible to the naked eye.


Moon surface (magnify)
The Moon (and also the Sun) appear larger when close to the horizon. This is a purely psychological effect (atmospheric refraction and its larger distance actually causes the image of the Moon near the horizon to be slightly smaller); it is assumed that size judgments for overhead objects were not important during evolution of the cognitive apparatus and are therefore inaccurate. [1]

Various lighter and darker colored areas create the patterns seen by different cultures as the Man in the Moon, the rabbit and the buffalo, amongst others. Craters and mountain chains are also prominent lunar features. The dark and relatively featureless lunar plains are called maria, latin for seas, since they were believed by ancient astronomers to be water-filled seas. The lighter-colored highlands are called terrae.

During the brightest full moons, the Moon can have an apparent magnitude of about -12.6. For comparison, the Sun has an apparent magnitude of -26.8.

See also: Lunar phase.

The exploration of the Moon


Apollo 17 astronaut Harrison Schmitt standing next to boulder at Taurus-Littrow during third EVA. (magnify)
The far side of the Moon was first seen on September 15, 1959 when the unmanned Soviet probe Luna 2 was launched into an orbit over it.

Humans first landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969 as the culmination of a Cold War-inspired space race between Russia and America. The first astronaut on the Moon was Neil Armstrong, captain of Apollo 11. The last man to stand on the Moon was Eugene Cernan, who as part of Apollo 17 walked on the Moon in December 1972. A full list of lunar astronauts

The Apollo 11 crew left a 9 by 7 inch stainless steel plaque on the moon, to commemorate the landing and provide basic information of the visit to any other beings who may eventually see it. The plaque reads:

Here men from the Planet Earth first set foot upon the moon, July 1969, A.D.
We came in peace for all mankind.'

The plaque depicts the two sides of planet Earth, and is signed by the three astronauts, as well as US President Richard Nixon.

The European Space Agency and People's Republic of China both have plans to launch probes to explore the Moon in the near future. European spacecraft Smart 1 was launched September 27, 2003 and is expected to reach lunar orbit in early 2005. It will survey the lunar environment and create an X-ray map of the Moon. [1] The PRC has expressed ambitious plans for exploring the Moon and is investigating the prospect of lunar mining, specifically looking for the isotope Helium-3 for use as an energy source on Earth. [1]

In 2001 Philippe Lheureux published his claim that photographs taken by NASA astronauts on the Moon were actually faked on Earth.

The Moon in myth and folk culture

The Moon has figured prominently in various mythologies and folk beliefs. The numerous lunar deities are often female such as the Greek goddesses Selene and Artemis, their Roman equivalents Luna and Diana or the Thracian Bendis. However males are also found, such as Nanna or Sin of the Mesopotamians, Thoth of the Egyptians and the Japanese god Susanowo, along with Isil in J. R. R. Tolkien's invented Middle-earth mythology.

The words lunacy, lunatic and loony are derived from Luna because of the folk belief in the Moon as a cause of periodic insanity. Folklore also stated that lycanthropes such as werewolves and weretigers, mythical creatures capable of changing form between human and beast, drew their power from the Moon and would change into their bestial form during the full Moon.

Related articles

External links

Scientific

Myth and folklore others

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Moon (disambiguation)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

The term Moon refers, among other things, to:
  1. The Earth's only natural satellite, the Moon.
  2. Some important people:
    • Sun Myung Moon, founder of the Unification Church.
    • Dr. William Moon, the inventor of Moon type (see below).
  3. Moon type, a writing system for the blind.
  4. Moon Township, Pennsylvania.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Moon (disambiguation)."

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Natural satellite

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

   

The term moon (never capitalized) is used to mean any natural satellite of the other planets. There are, at least, 102 moons within Earth's solar system, and presumably many others orbiting the planets of other stars. Typically the larger gas giants have extensive systems of moons. Mercury and Venus have no moons at all, Earth has one large moon, Mars has two tiny moons, and Pluto a large companion called Charon (sometimes considered to be a double planet).

Most moons are assumed to have been formed out of the same collapsing region of protoplanetary disk that gave rise to its primary. However, there are many exceptions and variations to this standard model of moon formation that are known or theorized. Several moons are thought to be captured foreign objects, fragments of larger moons shattered by large impacts, or (in the case of Earth's moon) a portion of the planet itself blasted into orbit by a large impact. As most moons are known only through a few distant observations through probes or telescopes, most theories about them are still uncertain.

Most moons in the solar system are tidally locked to their primaries; an exception is Saturn's moon Hyperion, which rotates chaotically due to a variety of external influences. No moons have moons of their own; the tidal effects of their primaries make orbits around them unstable. However, several moons have companions in their Lagrangian points (eg, Saturn's moons Tethys and Dione).

The recent discovery of Ida's moon Dactyl confirms that some asteroids also have moons.

The largest moons in the solar system (those bigger than about 3000 km across) are Earth's Moon, Jupiter's Galilean moons Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, Saturn's moon Titan, and Neptune's captured moon Triton. For smaller moons see the appropriate planets.

A comparative table classifying the moons of the solar system by diameter, also including a column for some notable asteroids:

Diameter(km) Earth Mars Asteroids Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto
5000+


Ganymede Titan


4000-5000


Callisto



3000-4000 Luna

Europa
Io




2000-3000





Triton
1000-2000

1 Ceres
Iapetus
Rhea
Dione
Tethys
Ariel
Umbriel
Titania
Oberon

Charon
500-1000

4 Vesta
2 Pallas





100-500

(Too many to list) Amalthea Phoebe
Hyperion
Enceladus
Mimas
Janus
Epimetheus
Sycorax
Miranda
Puck
Portia
Proteus
Nereid
Larissa
Galatea
Despina

50-100

(Too many to list) Himalia
Thebe
Pandora
Prometheus
Setebos
Prospero
Stephano
Caliban
1986U10
Belinda
Rosalind
Juliet
Desdemona
Cressida
Bianca
Cordelia
Ophelia
Thalassa
Naiad

10-50
Phobos
Deimos
(Too many to list) Sinope
Pasiphae
Carme
Ananke
Elara
Lysithea
Leda
Adrastea
Metis
Helene
Calypso
Telesto
Atlas
Pan
Trinculo

less than 10 Cruithne¹

S/2000 J11
S/2000 J1
Iocaste
Praxidike
Harpalyke
Isonoe
Erinome
Taygete
Chaldene
S/2002 J1
Kalyke
Megaclite
Callirrhoe
Euporie
Kale
Orthosie
Thyone
Euanthe
Hermippe
Pasithee
Eurydome
Aitne
Sponde
Autonoe
S/2001 J11
S/2003 J2
S/2003 J3
S/2003 J4
S/2003 J5
S/2003 J6
S/2003 J7
S/2003 J8
S/2003 J9
S/2003 J10
S/2003 J11
S/2003 J12
S/2003 J13
S/2003 J14
S/2003 J15
S/2003 J16
S/2003 J17
S/2003 J18
S/2003 J19
S/2003 J20
S/2003 J21




unknown


Themisto
Ymir
Paaliaq
Siarnaq
Tarvos
Kiviuq
Ijiraq
Thrym
Skadi
Mundilfari
Erriapo
Albiorix
Suttung
S/2003 S1
S/2002 N1
S/2002 N2
S/2002 N3


¹ It is debatable whether Cruithne counts as a real moon; it is mainly placed here for comparison's sake.

External links

Jupiter's moons

Saturn's moons

Neptune's moons

Solar system:
Sun - Mercury - Venus - Earth - Mars - Asteroids - Jupiter - Saturn - Uranus - Neptune - Pluto - Comets

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Natural satellite."

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Abbreviations & Acronyms: Moon

The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted.
EntrySourceExpressionField

MOON

EnglishManagement of Optical NetworksComputing

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Synonyms: Moon

Synonyms: lunar month (n), lunation (n), moonlight (n), moonshine (n), synodic month (n), daydream (v), moon around (v), moon on (v). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Moon

ContextSynonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).

Changeableness

Verb: fluctuate, vary, waver, flounder, flicker, flitter, flit, flutter, shift, shuffle, shake, totter, tremble, vacillate, wamble, turn and turn about, ring the changes; sway to and fro, shift to and fro; change and change about; waffle, blow with the wind (irresolute); oscillate; vibrate between, two extremes, oscillate between, two extremes; alternate; have as man phases as the moon.

Moon, Proteus, chameleon, quicksilver, shifting sands, harlequin, Cynthia of the minute, April showers; wheel of Fortune; transientness.

Contempt

Phrase: "a dismal universal hiss, the sound of public scorn"; "I had rather be a dog and bay the moon than such a Roman".

Credulity

Verb: be credulous; Adjective: jurare in verba magistri; follow implicitly; swallow, gulp down; take on trust; take for granted, take for gospel; run away with a notion, run away with an idea; jump to a conclusion, rush to a conclusion; think the moon is made of green cheese; take for granted, grasp the shadow for the substance; catch at straws, grasp at straws.

Curvature

Adjective: curved; Verb: curviform, curvilineal, curvilinear; devex, devious; recurved, recurvous; crump; bowed; Verb: vaulted, hooked; falciform, falcated; semicircular, crescentic; sinusoid, parabolic, paraboloid; luniform, lunular; semilunar, conchoidal; helical, double helical, spiral; kinky; cordiform, cordated; cardioid; heart shaped, bell shaped, boat shaped, crescent shaped, lens shaped, moon shaped, oar shaped, shield shaped, sickle shaped, tongue shaped, pear shaped, fig shaped; kidney-shaped, reniform; lentiform, lenticular; bow-legged; (distorted); oblique; circular.

Diuturnity

Noun: diuturnity; a long time, a length of time; an age, a century, an eternity; slowness; perpetuity; blue moon, coon's age, dog's age.

Imagination

Flying Dutchman, great sea serpent, man in the moon, castle in the air, pipe dream, pie-in-the-sky, chateau en Espagne; Utopia, Atlantis, happy valley, millennium, fairyland; land of Prester John, kindgom of Micomicon; work of fiction; (novel); Arabian nights; le pot au lait; dream of Alnashar; (hope).

Infrequency

Once; once in a blue moon; once in a million years; once for all, once in a way; pro hac vice.

Adverb: seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly; not often, not much, infrequently, unfrequently, unoften; scarcely, scarcely ever, hardly ever; once in a blue moon.

Inutility

Seek after impossibilities, strive after impossibilities; use vain efforts, labor in vain, roll the stone of Sisyphus, beat the air, lash the waves, battre l'eau avec un baton, donner un coup d'epee dans l'eau, fish in the air, milk the ram, drop a bucket into an empty well, sow the sand; bay the moon; preach to the winds, speak to the winds; whistle jigs to a milestone; kick against the pricks, se battre contre des moulins; lock the stable door when the steed is stolen, lock the barn door after the horse is stolen; (too late);seek after impossibilities, strive after impossibilities; use vain efforts, labor in vain, roll the stone of Sisyphus, beat the air, lash the waves, battre l'eau avec un baton, donner un coup d'epee dans l'eau, fish in the air, milk the ram, drop a bucket into an empty well, sow the sand; bay the moon; preach to the winds, speak to the winds; whistle jigs to a milestone; kick against the pricks, se battre contre des moulins; lock the stable door when the steed is stolen, lock the barn door after the horse is stolen; (too late); hold a farthing candle to the sun; cast pearls before swine; (waste); carry coals to Newcastle; (redundancy); wash a blackamoor white; (impossible).

Leap

Verb: leap; jump up, jump over the moon; hop, spring, bound, vault, ramp, cut capers, trip, skip, dance, caper; buck, buck jump; curvet, caracole; foot it, bob, bounce, flounce, start; frisk; (amusement); jump about; (agitation); trip it on the light fantastic toe, trip the light fantastic, dance oneself off one's legs, dance off one's shoes.

Neverness

Noun: "neverness"; absence of time, no time; dies non; Tib's eve; Greek Kalends, a blue moon.

Period

Noun: period, age, era; second, minute, hour, day, week, month, quarter, year, decade, decenniumm lustrum, quinquennium, lifetime, generation; epoch, ghurry, lunation, moon.

Unconformity

Once in a blue moon, once in a million years.

World

Sun, orb of day, Apollo, Phoebus; photosphere, chromosphere; solar system; planet, planetoid; comet; satellite, moon, orb of night, Diana, silver-footed queen; aerolite, meteor; planetary ring; falling star, shooting star; meteorite, uranolite.

Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Moon

English words defined with "moon": blue moonCycle of the moonfull moon, Full of the moon, full phase of the moonharvest moonLibration of the moonMoon face, moon shotNew moon, new phase of the moonphase of the moon, Prime of the moonQuadrature of the moonVariation of the moon. (references)
Specialty definitions using "moon": age of moon, age of the moonBay the MoonCast beyond the Moon, change of the moonHunter's MoonLimbus of the MoonMan in the Moon, MOON MEN, moon pillar, moon rainbow, MOON RAKERSOld Man of the MoonSetting of Sun, Moon, and Stars, Shoot the Moonwaning moon, White Moon. (references)
Etymologies containing "moon": Wanion. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Moon" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses.

Manx (urine ).

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Modern Usage: Moon

DomainUsage

Screenplays

There's three times in a man's life when he's got a right to howl at the moon, when he marries, when his children are born and when he finishes a job he was crazy to start (Red River; writing credit: Borden Chase)

The man from the moon. But I think you've killed him already (E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial; writing credit: Ethan Coen)

If you want it, I'll throw a lasso around it and pull it down for you. Hey! That's a pretty good idea! I'll give you the moon, Mary (It's a Wonderful Life; writing credit: Frances Goodrich, Albert Hackett and Frank Capra. based on the story 'The Greatest Gift' by Philip Van Doren Stern.)

The moon brings the woman to the man. Capice (Moonstruck; writing credit: John Patrick Shanley. Starring Cher as Loretta Castorini and Nicolas Cage as Ronny Cammareri.)

We landed on the moon! (Dumb & Dumber; writing credit: Peter Farrelly; Bennett Yellin)

Lyrics

Of this neon moon (Neon Moon; performing artist: Brooks & Dunn)

I see the bad moon arising (BAD MOON RISING; performing artist: Creedence Clearwater Revival)

I watch the world float to the dark side of the moon. (Kryptonite; performing artist: 3 Doors Down)

Under the pale moon (The Sign; performing artist: Ace Of Base)

Well it was either now or walkin down the urchin' moon (Rock In A Hard Place (Cheshire Cat); performing artist: Aerosmith)

Clever

War talk by men who have been in a war is always interesting; whereas moon talk by a poet who has not been in the moon is likely to be dull. (references; author: Mark Twain)

The moon is a planet just like the Earth, only it is even deader. (references; author: unknown)

Movie/TV Titles

Case of the Full Moon Murders (1974)

June Moon (1974)

Paper Moon (1974)

In Concert Cat Stevens: Moon & Star (1973)

Paper Moon (1973)

Song Titles

Once In A Very Blue Moon (performing artist: Nanci Griffith)

Moon River (performing artist: Jerry Butler)

Everyone's Gone To The Moon (performing artist: Jonathan King)

To The Moon And Back (performing artist: Savage Garden)

Under The Moon Of Love (performing artist: Showaddywaddy)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Moon

DomainTitle

References

  • Sung Moon Electronics Co., Ltd.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Sailor Moon Stars #2 (reference)

  • Sailor Moon Stars 1 (reference)

  • Sailor Moon, Vol. 3 (reference)

  • The Graduation of Jake Moon (Aladdin Fiction) (reference)

  • Moon Handbooks: Alberta and the Northwest Territories 4 Ed: Including Banff, Jasper, and the Canadian Rockies (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  

Theater & Movies

  

Music

  

High Tech

  

Consumer Goods

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Moon

Photos:
Moon

More pictures...

Illustrations:
Moon

More pictures...

Computer Images:
Moon

More pictures...

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Photo Album: Moon

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Seen is the National Institutes of Health's Clinical Center at night with the moon. Shot taken from the northwest side of the building. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer).

"Orrery" (movie) by Marijke van Gans. Watch Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars orbit the Sun, while the Moon orbits Earth. From inside DPGraph, click on Edit for more information.

Lunar Prospector in orbit around moon. Credit: NASA.

Galileo Images the Moon. Credit: NASA.

Replica of Plaque Left on Moon by Apollo 17 Astronauts. Credit: NASA.

The giant gaseous planet Jupiter and its moon Io are featured in this Hubble telescope ... Credit: NASA.

This is the clearest view yet of the distant planet Pluto and its moon Charon, as revealed by ... Credit: NASA.

False color infrared composite of Jupiter's moon Io. Credit: NASA.

View of Africa and Saudi Arabia from Apollo 17.Probably the most requested picture of the Earth, this picture was taken by the Apollo17 astronauts as they left earth orbit en route to the Moon. Taken on Dec. 7, 1972,it was the first time that the trajectory of an Apollo mission enabled a view ofthe south pole. Credit: NASA.

Earth Rise Over Moon. Credit: NASA.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Moon
 

"Moon Shine" by Dennis Jozefowicz
Commentary: "Moon shines through clouds onto the Atlanit ocean."
"Moon in Trees" by Bob Delgado
Commentary: "Silhouetted tree leaves against the sky at sunset. Moon in the background."

Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Sounds Captioned with "Moon".

PlayCaption
Dark; night; woods; wolf; full moon; witching hour.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Familiar Quotations: Moon

AuthorQuotation

Arthur Rimbaud

But, truly, I have wept too much! The Dawns are heartbreaking. Every moon is atrocious and every sun bitter.

Christopher Fry

The moon is nothing but a circumambulating aphrodisiac divinely subsidized to provoke the world into a rising birth-rate.

Confucius

Ignorance is the night of the mind, but a night without moon or star.

Richter

Gray hairs seem to my fancy like the soft light of the moon, silvering over the evening of life.

Sappho

The moon has set, and the Pleiades; it is midnight, and time passes, and I sleep alone.
The stars about the lovely moon hide their shining forms when it lights up the earth at its fullest.

Sterling W. Sill

Everyone is like a moon which always has a dark side and a light side.

Titus Maccius Plautus

The day, water, sun, moon, night -- I do not have to purchase these things with money.

William Blake

If the Sun and Moon should ever doubt, they'd immediately go out.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Use in Literature: Moon

TitleAuthorQuote

Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency

Douglas Adams

So after a hectic week of believing that war was peace, that good was bad, that the moon was made of blue cheese, and that God needed a lot of money sent to a certain box number, the Monk started to believe that thirty-five percent of all tables were hermaphrodites, and then broke down

Les Miserables

Hugo, Victor

Javert reached the bridge in time to see Jean Valjean on the other side of the river leading Cosette across the space lighted by the moon.

Absalom and Achitophel

John Dryden

A man so various, that he seem'd to be Not one, but all mankind's epitome; Stiff in opinions, always in the wrong, Was everything by starts, and nothing long; But in the course of one revolving moon Was chymist, fiddler, statesman, and buffoon

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

Joyce, James

The verses told only of the night and the balmy breeze and the maiden lustre of the moon.

Something Wicked This Way Comes

Ray Bradbury

But no, you lie pinned to a deep well-bottom that's burned dry. The moon rolls by to look at you down there, with its idiot face

Grapes of Wrath

Steinbeck, John

The big moon sailed off to the westward

Gulliver's Travels

Swift, Jonathan

They calculate the year by the revolution of the sun and the moon, but use no subdivisions into weeks

Walden

Thoreau, Henry David

I have, as it were, my own sun and moon and stars, and a little world all to myself

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Moon

SubjectTopicQuote

Business

In particular, various aloe products have been heavily marketed by large local manufacturers, namely Nam Yang Aloe and Kim Jung Moon Aloe, and these kinds of strong marketing practices are expected to continue. (references)

Civil Liberties

Bangladesh

Fatwas can include the decision as to when a holiday is to begin based upon the sighting of the moon, or an opinion on a religious issue. (references)

Kyrgyz Republic

Government authorities have indicated that they would monitor the activities of the Unification Church, which is led by Reverend Moon, although there were no reports of interference with its activities. (references)

Economic History

Sri Lanka

The full moon day of each month, if it falls on a weekday, is a paid holiday. (references)

Minorities

Moldova

This article specifically cited the Muslims and the followers of Reverend Moon. (references)

Travel

Oman

Muslim religious holidays are determined by locally observed phases of the moon. (references)

Cote D'ivoire

These holidays vary from country to country and depend on the sighting of the moon. (references)

Lexicography

Devil's Dictionary

ULTIMATUM, n. In diplomacy, a last demand before resorting to concessions. Having received an ultimatum from Austria, the Turkish Ministry met to consider it. "O servant of the Prophet," said the Sheik of the Imperial Chibouk to the Mamoosh of the Invincible Army, "how many unconquerable soldiers have we in arms?" "Upholder of the Faith," that dignitary replied after examining his memoranda, "they are in numbers as the leaves of the forest!" "And how many impenetrable battleships strike terror to the hearts of all Christian swine?" he asked the Imaum of the Ever Victorious Navy. "Uncle of the Full Moon," was the reply, "deign to know that they are as the waves of the ocean, the sands of the desert and the stars of Heaven!" For eight hours the broad brow of the Sheik of the Imperial Chibouk was corrugated with evidences of deep thought: he was calculating the chances of war. Then, "Sons of angels," he said, "the die is cast! I shall suggest to the Ulema of the Imperial Ear that he advise inaction. In the name of Allah, the council is adjourned."

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Speeches: Moon

SpeakerTermPhrase(s)

John F. Kennedy

1961-1963Our aim is not simply to be first on the moon, any more than Charles Lindbergh's real aim was to be the first to Paris.

Lyndon B. Johnson

1963-1969Surely a nation that can go to the moon can place a decent home within the reach of its families.

Ronald Reagan

1981-1989America met one historic challenge and went to the moon.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

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Usage Frequency: Moon

"Moon" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 87.52% of the time. "Moon" is used about 2,273 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)87.52%1,9894,320
Noun (proper)12.22%27817,541
Lexical Verb (infinitive)0.26%6143,867
                    Total100.00%2,273N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Name Usage Frequency: Moon

The following table summarizes the usage of "moon" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified.
NameUsage/GenderUsage per 100
million Persons
Rank in USA
MoonFirst name Female1,0003,863
MoonLast name16,000756
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Derived & Related Names: Moon

The following table summarizes names derived from the word "moon".
 
NameGenderLanguageMeaning
JerahN/ABiblical

The moon

JerichoN/ABiblical

His moon

LabanaN/ABiblical

The moon

MondayFemaleEnglish

The moon

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

 

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Usage in Company Names: Moon

CountryName
South Korea

Sung Moon Electronics Co., Ltd.

 (more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Cities: Moon


1. Moon, VA
Zip Code(s): 23119
Country: USA

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Expressions: Moon

Expressions using "moon": a blue moon Acceleration of the moon age of moon ask for the moon bay at the moon bay the moon blue moon change of moon change of the moon crescent moon cry for the moon Cycle of the moon dark of the moon dark side of the moon eclipse of the moon full moon full moon maple Full of the moon full phase of the moon gape at the moon green Moon Half Moon Half Moon Bay harvest moon have as man phases as the moon land on the moon Libration of the moon man in the moon mock moon moon