Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Millennium |
MillenniumNoun1. A span of 1000 years. 2. (New Testament) in Revelations it is foretold that those faithful to Jesus will reign with Jesus over the earth for a thousand years; the meaning of these words have been much debated; some denominations (e.g. Jehovah's Witnesses) expect it to be a thousand years of justice and peace and happiness. 3. The 1000th anniversary. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "millennium" was first used: 1638. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | MILLENNIUM, n. The period of a thousand years when the lid is to be screwed down, with all reformers on the under side. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
Bible | Millennium a thousand years; the name given to the era mentioned in Rev. 20:1-7. Some maintain that Christ will personally appear on earth for the purpose of establishing his kingdom at the beginning of this millennium. Those holding this view are usually called "millenarians." On the other hand, it is maintained, more in accordance with the teaching of Scripture, we think, that Christ's second advent will not be premillennial, and that the right conception of the prospects and destiny of his kingdom is that which is taught, e.g., in the parables of the leaven and the mustard-seed. The triumph of the gospel, it is held, must be looked for by the wider and more efficient operation of the very forces that are now at work in extending the gospel; and that Christ will only come again at the close of this dispensation to judge the world at the "last day." The millennium will thus precede his coming. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Literature | Millennium means simply a thousand years. (Latin, mille annus.) In Rev. xx. 2 it is said that an angel bound Satan a thousand years, and in verse 4 we are told of certain martyrs who will come to life again, and "reign with Christ a thousand years." "This," says St. John, "is the first resurrection;" and this is what is meant by the millennium. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Millennialism (or Chiliasm) in Christian theology, literature and folk religion, is a belief not universally held by Christians, that history will end with a Golden Age, a Paradise on earth when universal peace will reign, when all of the inhabitants will dwell in prosperity and the cosmos will be healed. These expectations have usually, but not always corresponded with the expected Second Coming of Jesus Christ.Millennialism is also a doctrine of Zoroastrianism concerning successive thousand year periods, each of which will end in a cataclysm of heresy and destruction, until the final destruction of evil and of the spirit of evil by a triumphant king of peace at the end of the final millenial age (supposed by some to be 2000 C.E.). "Then Soshyant makes the creatures again pure, and the resurrection and future existence occur" (Zand-i Vohuman Yasht 3:62).
See also:
- Book of Revelation
- Christian eschatology
- Rapture
- Utopianism
Christian millennialism
For Christian millennialism, the decisive event that will happen sometime in the future is the Second Coming of Jesus Christ (sometimes also referred to as Doomsday). Christ is going to come into this world a second time in order to end the world and to pass a Last Judgement on all humankind, both living and dead. Thereafter there will be no earthly existence or earthly history but only Heaven and Hell. Picturing that moment as a time of universal joy and happiness, when the lion would lie down with the lamb, and swords would be re-forged into ploughshares, the early Christians in the midst of persecutions were gladly looking forward to it. In medieval Christianity, as Christians settled into the official endorsement of their religion by the Roman Empire, the dark side of Judgement Day expectations became more prominent. Christians too, and not just the unbelieving world, were warned of dies irae (the Day of wrath). Especially important in Western monasticism, the day of wrath became a warning to all men — as we are all sinners — to dread the coming of the Lord, and to use the present opportunity to prepare for the destruction of the present world. In any case, the Millennium always stands for a great reversal of the present state of affairs.
Pre-Christian millennialism
Although never officially recognized by the Catholic Church (and actually pronounced a heresy already in 431 AD), millennialism, which had clearly been there in Jewish thought before, received a new interpretation and fresh impetus through the arrival of Christianity. A millennium is (a) a period of one thousand years, and, in particular, (b) Christ's thousand-year rule on this earth, either directly preceding or immediately following His Second Coming (and the Day of Judgement).
The millennium reverses the period of evil and suffering; it rewards the virtuous for their courage while punishing the evil-doers, with a clear separation of saints and sinners. The vision of a thousand-year period of bliss for the faithful, to be enjoyed here on earth ("heaven on earth"), exerted an irresistible power. Although the picture of life in the millennial era is almost wilfully obscure and hardly more appealing than that of, say, the Golden Age, what has made the millennium much more powerful than the Golden Age or Paradise myths are the activities of the sects and movements that it has inspired. Throughout the ages, hundreds of sects were convinced that the millennium was imminent, about to begin in the (very) near future, with precise dates given on many occasions.
Premillennial sects look for signs of Christ's imminent appearing. Other chiliast sects, such as the prophetic Anabaptist followers of Thomas Müntzer, have believed that the millennium had already begun, with only their own members having realized this fact. Consequently, they have attempted to live out their own vision of the millennial life, radically overturning the beliefs and practices of the surrounding society. In doing so, they offered a model of the good life and expressed their hope that soon the rest of the world would follow and live like they did.
See Christian eschatology for a discussion of "premillennialism" and "postmillennialism".
Transition to the Millennium
Millennial sects typically have believed that the transition from the present to the millennium would be anything but smooth, what with the Antichrist having to be defeated and Jesus Christ's reign on earth having to be established. At times, this expectation of disastrous wars which bring an end to the present age, have been undertaken by leaders of the movement as their responsibility to bring about.
On the other hand, also those who did not believe in the millennium imagined the end of the world as chaotic and catastrophic. The word Apocalypse has been used for this final phase of human history as we know it, with Armageddon as the site of the last decisive battle on the Day of Judgement.
An (or the) Apocalypse [from Greek apo "off", "from", "away", "un-" and kalyptein "cover"] is,
The Book of Revelation is not easy to interpret. Numerous painters and sculptors have produced works of art dealing with the Apocalypse. For example, they portrayed the four horsemen of the Apocalypse, symbolizing pestilence, war, famine, and death.
- in the Judaeo-Christian tradition, a revelation of God's purposes with the main intention of encouraging an oppressed and suffering minority to have faith in God and of proclaiming his ultimate triumph;
- in particular, the revelation of the future granted to St John (one of the four evangelists) in the isle of Patmos, written in Greek in the 1st century AD and burning with the conviction that the world is about to be destroyed and that Christ's Second Coming is at hand;
- hence, the last book of the New Testament (the "Revelation of St John", the Book of Revelation), which contains it;
- hence, the total destruction and end of the world.
Millennialism and Utopianism
The early Christian concept had ramifications far beyond strictly religious concern during the centuries to come, as it was blended and enhanced with ideas of utopia.
In the wake of early millennial thinking, the Three Ages philosophy (Drei-Reiche-Lehre) developed. Making use of the dogma of the Trinity, the Italian monk and theologian Joachim of Fiore (d. 1202) claimed that all of human history was a succession of three ages:
It was believed that the Age of the Holy Spirit would begin at around 1260, and that from then on all believers would be living as monks, mystically transfigured and full of praise for God, for a thousand years until Judgement Day would put an end to the history of our planet.
- the Age of the Father (= the Old Testament)
- the Age of the Son (= the New Testament)
- the Age of the Holy Spirit (= the age of love, peace, and freedom)
In the Modern Era, with the impact of religion on everyday life gradually decreasing and eventually almost vanishing, secularized versions of millennial thinking cropped up. With God dethroned and science and reason elevated in his place as the new messiahs, the French Revolution seemed to many to be ushering in the millennial reign of reason. Also, the philosophies of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (d. 1831) and Karl Marx (d. 1883) carried strong millennial overtones (such as the "dictatorship of the proletariat" as the new beginning of an everlasting period of history, actually lasting for the rest of time). As late as 1970, Yale law teacher Charles A. Reich coined the term "Consciousness III" in his then best seller The Greening of America, in which he spoke of a new age ushered in by the hippie generation.
Millennialism and Nazism
The most grotesque parody of the Three Ages philosophy and of millennialism in general is Hitler's "Third Reich" ("Drittes Reich", "Tausendjähriges Reich"), which, however, was to last for twelve rather than a thousand years.
The phrase "Third Reich" was coined by the conservative German thinker Arthur Moeller van den Bruck (b. 1876, suicide 1925), who in 1923 published a book entitled Das Dritte Reich, which eventually became a catchphrase that even survived the Nazi regime.
Looking back at German history, two "glorious" periods were distinguished:
These were now to be followed -- after the shameful interval of the Weimar Republic (1918 - 1933), during which constitutionalism, parliamentarism and even pacifism ruled -- by
- the Holy Roman Empire (beginning with Charlemagne in 800 AD) (= the "First Reich"), and
- the German Empire under the Hohenzollern dynasty (1871 - 1918) (= the "Second Reich").
In a speech held on 27 November 1937, Hitler commented on his plans to have major parts of Berlin torn down and rebuilt:
- the "Third Reich" of Adolf Hitler.
- [...] einem tausendjährigen Volk mit tausendjähriger geschichtlicher und kultureller Vergangenheit für die vor ihm liegende unabsehbare Zukunft eine ebenbürtige tausendjährige Stadt zu bauen [...].
- [...] to build a millennial city adequate [in splendour] to a thousand year old people with a thousand year old historical and cultural past, for its never-ending [glorious] future [...]
Conclusion
It appears from this evolution of millenniarian ideas, that there is a close relationship between millennialism and utopianism. Millennialism looks for the recovery of paradise on earth, a return to the Garden of Eden. Millennialism places hope in the future realization of an idyllic state of affairs lost to mankind, dimly remembered or constantly dreamt of, but romantically hoped to be not beyond the possibility of attainment, just as utopianism does. For a wider discussion of Millennialism as a sub-type of utopianism, see the entry on Utopianism.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Millennialism."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A millennium is a period of one thousand consecutive years. When dating years, millennia are usually taken to begin in the years divisible by one thousand, or alternatively in the year after that, e.g., 2000 or 2001. The use of the odd year came from the Anno Domini system of religious dating, where the year 1 was supposedly the first "year of our lord" and thus the first millennium would be years 1 to 1000 and the second millennium would start in 1001.
There was a popular debate leading up to the celebrations of the year 2000 as to whether 2000 was the true "new millennium". Some argued that based on the Anno Domini system, the "true" new millennium would begin in 2001. Others argued that under the Gregorian Calendar centuries should be observed at the first numerical departure from the previous millennium (ie: we are in a new millennium when we stop being in the 1900s). Others argued that our entire system of dates is so arbitrary and meaningless that it is impossible to define the "true" date of a millennium.
Wikipedia has a page for each millennium: See millennia.
Millennium was also a suspenseful television series, produced by the creators of The X-Files and set during the run-up to the new millennium (it premiered in 1996).
It featured actor Lance Henriksen as investigator Frank Black.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Millennium."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Five | Thousand, chiliad; millennium, thousand years, grand; myriad; ten thousand, ban, man; ten thousand years, banzai; lac, one hundred thousand, plum; million; thousand million, milliard, billion, trillion; |
Futurity | Noun: futurity, futurition; future, hereafter, time to come; approaching time, coming time, subsequent time, after time, approaching age, coming age, subsequent age, after age, approaching days, coming days, subsequent days, after days, approaching hours, coming hours, subsequent hours, after hours, approaching ages, coming ages, subsequent ages, after ages, approaching life, coming life, subsequent life, after life, approaching years, coming years, subsequent years, after years; morrow; millennium, doomsday, day of judgment, crack of doom, remote future. |
Hope | Castles in the air, castles in Spain, chateaux en Espagne, le pot aut lait, Utopia, millennium; day dream, golden dream; dream of Alnaschar; airy hopes, fool's paradise; mirage; (fallacies of vision); fond hope. |
Imagination | Flying Dutchman, great sea serpent, man in the moon, castle in the air, pipe dream, pie-in-the-sky, chateau en Espagne; Utopia, Atlantis, happy valley, millennium, fairyland; land of Prester John, kindgom of Micomicon; work of fiction; (novel); Arabian nights; le pot au lait; dream of Alnashar; (hope). |
Period | Century, millennium; annus magnus. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Millennium |
| English words defined with "millennium": Chiliasm, chiliastic ♦ Jehovah's Witness ♦ millenarian, millenarianism, millenarist, millennial, millennian, Millenniarism, Millennist ♦ Phoenician, postmillennial, Premillennial ♦ Sumer ♦ Tocharian. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "millennium": millennium bug, millennium meltdown ♦ NSA line eater ♦ Window Random Access Memory. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "millennium": Millennist. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Millennium" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Dutch (millenium, millennium), German (millennium), Hungarian (millennia, millennial, millennium, millennium, millennia). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | There will be a substantial reward for the one who finds the Millennium Falcon (Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back; writing credit: George Lucas; Leigh Brackett) It's the millennium, motives are incidental (Scream; writing credit: Kevin Williamson) The millennium is almost upon us. In a few months, we will be living in the nineteenth century (Sleepy Hollow; writing credit: Kevin Yagher) Oh, by the way, Newman, I'm just curious, when you booked the hotel, did you book it for the millennium new year (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) You can laugh, but I have witnessed a millennium of treachery and oppression from the males of the species, and I have nothing but contempt for the whole libidinous lot of them (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer) | |
Lyrics | Come on everyone, new millennium (Will2K; performing artist: Will Smith) Everyone, new millennium (Will2K; performing artist: Will Smith) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Millennium Mann (2001) Tailing the Millennium (2000) Y2Gay: The New Millennium Comes (1999) Music of the Millennium (1999) | |
Song Titles | Millennium (performing artist: Robbie Williams) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Point Udall Millennium Monument. A sundial was erected here, the easternmost point of United States Territory to commemorate the coming of the new millennium . The marker represents "a continuum between all who have come before and all who are yet to come.". Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Sunrise at the Point Udall Millennium Monument. Here the new day begins for the United States in the Western Hemisphere. The marker represents "a continuum between all who have come before and all who are yet to come.". Credit: America's Coastlines. |
 | Last cattle drive of the millennium 1999, from the Rio Bonito Tract, Roswell FO, NM. Credit: H. Parman. |  | Political caricature no. 2. Miscegenation or the millennium of abolitionism. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Millennium Bridge & Baltic 2" by L L Commentary: "Millennium Bridge & Baltic Art Gallery, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK." | "Millennium Bridge" by Simon Cataudo Commentary: "Section of the newest bridge over the river Tyne in Newcastle upon Tyne." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | The new millennium brought new challenges for the U.K. automobile manufacturers, and the industry has undergone major, recent changes. (references) | |
In the year marking the end of the millennium, the wind energy generation sector has turned in yet another record-breaking performance. (references) | ||
With the millennium bug problem surmounted and the economic improvement expected this year, industry growth is expected to be even higher. (references) | ||
Economic History | Iran | The sixth millennium B.C. saw a fairly sophisticated agricultural society and proto-urban population centers. (references) |
India | In the new millennium, the Indian textile industry is poised to play a significant role both in the domestic and international arena. (references) | |
Latvia | A millennium later, pre-Baltic tribes had arrived and within time evolved into the Baltic Couranian, Latgallian, Selonian, and Semigallian groups. (references) | |
Human Rights | Jordan | On September 18, 2000, the Security Court convicted 22 suspected members of the al-Qaida terrorist network for planning attacks at tourist sites around the country during millennium celebrations. (references) |
Minorities | Ukraine | In 1999 in Crimea, Bishop Lazarus of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Moscow Patriarchate, announced an initiative to place 1,000 crosses around Crimea to celebrate the second millennium of the birth of Jesus and a millennium of the Christianization of Kievan Rus. (references) |
Political Economy | Korea | As of mid-July 2001, the ruling Millennium Democratic Party had 115 seats in the 273-person National Assembly. (references) |
Women | Albania | Various groups such as the Women's Center, the Family Planning Association, Useful to Albanian Women, the Independent Women's Forum, Women in Development, the Millennium Coalition, the Women's Advocacy Center, the Association of Women's Lawyers, Refleksione, and the three main human rights groups work to promote women's rights. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 | Within the lifetime of most people now living, mankind will celebrate that great new year which comes only once in a thousand years--the beginning of the third millennium. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | In that spirit, let us lift our eyes to the new millennium. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Millennium" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.19% of the time. "Millennium" is used about 248 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.19% | 246 | 19,009 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.81% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 248 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Brazil | Millennium Inorganic Chemicals do Brasil S.A. | Hong Kong | Millennium Group Limited |
| United Kingdom | Millennium & Copthorne Hotels Plc | USA | American Millennium Corporation, Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "millennium": international Millennium Award ♦ millennium bug ♦ millennium meltdown ♦ the millennium ♦ turn of the millennium. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "millennium": half-millennium, second-millennium, the-end-of-the-millennium. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "millennium"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | shekull i artë, njëmijëvjet. (various references) | |
Arabic | الذكرى الألفية, ألف عام. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | хилядолетие (millenary), милениум, бъдещ златен век. (various references) | |
Chinese | 千禧年 , 千年. (various references) | |
Czech | tisíciletí (millennia). (various references) | |
Dutch | millennium (millenium). (various references) | |
Esperanto | miljaro. (various references) | |
Farsi | هزارمین سال , هزاره , هزارسال . (various references) | |
Finnish | vuosituhat (a thousand years), tuhatvuotinen valtakunta. (various references) | |
French | millénium, millénaire (millenary, millennial). (various references) | |
German | tausend Jahre, jahrtausend (millenium). (various references) | |
Greek | χιλιετηρίδα (millenium). (various references) | |
Hebrew | אלף שנה, אחרית הימים (apocalypse, end of days). (various references) | |
Hungarian | millennium (millennia, millennial). (various references) | |
Italian | millesimo (millesimal, thousandth), millennio (millenary). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 至福千年 , ミリ波 (dairy, milk, milk bar, milk coffee, milk fiber rice, milk plant, milk shake, milky hat, Milky Way, mille-feuille, milli-wave, Milwaukee, mink, mink coat, white coffee, white tea), 千載 (long time, perpetuity, thousand years), 千歳 (one thousand years), 千年紀 , 千年期 , 千年 (one thousand years). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ミレニアム , しふくせんねん, せんざい (decoction, detergent, dormancy, garden, latency, long time, perpetuity, potentiality, pre-existence, thousand years, trees and flowers in a garden, washing material), せんねんき, せんねん (a few years ago, absorption, devote oneself to, former years, formerly, give undivided attention, one thousand years), ちとせ (one thousand years). (various references) | |
Korean | 천년기. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | illenniummay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | milênio (chiliad, millenary, millenium). (various references) | |
Russian | тысячелетие (chiliad). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | milenijum, zlatno doba. (various references) | |
Spanish | milenio (millennia). (various references) | |
Swedish | tusenårigt riket, årtusende. (various references) | |
Turkish | bin yıllık refah dönemi (the millennium), bin yıllık dönem. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | тисячоліття (chiliad, millenary). (various references) | |
Welsh | milflwyddiant. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | mille. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "millennium": millenniums. (additional references) | |
| |
"Millennium" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: billennium, mallenium, mellenium, mellennium, milenium, milenneum, milennium, milleneum, milleni, millenium, milleniun, Millenius, millennio, millennnium, millennuim, millennum, millenuim, millinium, millinnium, milllenium, nillennium. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "millennium" (pronounced mule"nēum) |
| 4 | -n ē u m | ammonium, minium, neptunium, pandemonium, plutonium, polonium, condominium, geranium, gonium, hafnium, harmonium, selenium, titanium, uranium, zirconium. |
| 3 | -ē u m | alluvium, aquarium, atrium, auditorium, axiom, bacterium, barium, beryllium, medium, moratorium, myocardium, nephridium, niobium, nobelium, opium, opprobrium, osmium, palladium, paramecium, petroleum, planetarium, Plasmodium, podium, potassium, premium, presidium, promethium, protium, psyllium, radium, cadmium, calcium, cesium, chromium, colloquium, compendium, consortium, crematorium, delirium, deuterium, disequilibrium, emporium, equilibrium, europium, fermium, gallium, gymnasium, helium, Herbarium, holmium, honorarium, idiom, indium, iridium, lawrencium, linoleum, lithium, magnesium, requiem, rhodium, sodium, stadium, strontium, superpremium, symposium, tedium, tellurium, thallium, thorium, tritium, vanadium, yttrium. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "e-i-i-l-l-m-m-n-n-u" | |
-2 letters: illumine. | |
-3 letters: millime, milline, mullein. | |
-4 letters: illume, immune, inulin, limuli, milieu, milium, minium, mullen, nielli. | |
-5 letters: ennui, ileum, ilium, imine, limen, linen, linin, linum, lumen, mille, minim, numen. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-i-i-l-l-m-m-n-n-u" | |
+1 letter: millenniums. | |
+5 letters: multimillennial. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Images: Digital Art 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Quotations: Speeches 10. Usage Frequency 11. Names: Company Usage 12. Expressions | 13. Expressions: Internet 14. Translations: Modern 15. Translations: Ancient 16. Derivations | 17. Rhymes 18. Anagrams 19. Bibliography |
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