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Definition: Mental |
MentalAdjective1. Involving the mind or an intellectual process; "mental images of happy times"; "mental calculations"; "in a terrible mental state"; "mental suffering"; "free from mental defects". 2. Of or relating to the mind; "mental powers"; "mental development"; "mental hygiene". 3. (biology) of or relating to the chin- or lip-like structure in insects and certain mollusks. 4. Of or relating to the chin or median part of the lower jaw. 5. Affected by a disorder of the mind; "a mental patient"; "mental illness". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "mental" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1415. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Health | Pertaining to the mind; psychic. 2. (L. mentum chin) pertaining to the chin. (references) |
Medicine | Pertaining to a class of alleged phenomena belonging to that branche of learning known as parapsychology. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
from Larry Sanger's text...Mental functions and cognitive processes can be used interchangeably to mean such functions or processes as perception, introspection, memory, imagination, conception, belief, reasoning, volition, and emotion--in other words, all the different things that we can do with our minds. A specific instance of engaging in a cognitive process is a mental event. The event of perceiving City Hall is, of course, different from the entire process, or faculty, of perception--one's ability to perceive things. In other words, in instance of perceiving is different from the ability that makes it possible.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mental functions."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A mental illness is a psychiatric disorder that results in a disruption in a person's thinking, feeling, moods, and ability to relate to others. Psychiatrists generally attribute mental illness to organic/neurochemical causes that can be treated with psychiatric medication, psychotherapy, lifestyle adjustments and other supportive measures. Compare rational-emotive therapy.
Mental illness is distinct from the legal concept of insanity.
Mental health, mental hygiene and mental wellness are all terms used to describe the absence of mental illness.
Advocacy organizations have been trying to change the common perception of psychiatric disorders as a sign of personal weakness and something to be ashamed of to an affliction akin to physical diseases (like the measles).
Prevalence of and diagnosis of mental illness
Mental illness is one of the most common causes of disability in the Western World. According to NAMI (National Alliance for the Mentally Ill) an American advocacy organisation, twenty-three percent of North American adults will suffer from a clinically diagnosable mental illness in a given year, but less than half of them will suffer symptoms severe enough to disrupt their daily functioning. Approximately nine percent to 13 percent of children under the age of 18 experience a serious emotional disturbance with substantial functional impairment, and five percent to nine percent have a serious emotional disturbance with extreme functional impairment due to a mental illness. Many of these young people will recover from their illnesses before reaching adulthood, and go on to lead normal lives uncomplicated by illness.
Major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder all feature in the 'top ten' list of causes of disability in the Western World.
The treatment success rate for a first episode of schizophrenia is 60 percent, 65 percent to 70 percent for major depression, and 80 percent for bipolar disorder.
At the start of the 20th century there were only a dozen recognized mental illnesses. By 1952 there were 192 and the DSM-IV today lists 374. Depending on your perspective this could be seen to be
- due to some causative agent such as diet or the ever-increasing stress of everyday life, leading to a highly increased incidence of mental illness;
- an over-medicalisation of human thought processes, and an increasing tendency on the part of mental health experts to label individual 'quirks and foibles' as illness; or
- improved diagnostic and clinical ability on the part of the professionals.
Controversy over the nature of mental illness
The subject is profoundly controversial, e.g. homosexuality has been considered such an "illness" from time to time, and obviously this perception varies with cultural bias and theory of conduct.
It is important to note that the existence of mental illness and the legitimacy of the psychiatric profession are not universally accepted. Some professionals, notably Doctor Thomas Szasz, Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at Syracuse, are profoundly opposed to the practice of labelling "mental illness" as such. "There is no such thing as mental illness" is not an uncommon statement at gatherings of therapists emphasizing patient care and self-control, often decrying labels as suitable only for pill salesmen. This movement, known as anti-psychiatry argues against a biological origin for mental disorders, or else suggests that all human experience has a biological origin and so no pattern of behavior can be classified as an illness per se.
Neurochemical studies have proven that there are systemic lacks of certain neurotransmitters in the brains of certain individuals. Also, some structural differences between brains of people with behavioral differences can be detected in brain scans. Some mental illnesses tend to run in families, and there have also been strongly suggestive, but not conclusive, links between certain genes and particular mental disorders. Routine tests for these conditions are, however, not generally required for prescription of drugs, and are not always employed in law either. It is not clear whether these differences in brain chemistry are the cause or the result of mental disorders. Anti-psychiatrists argue that traumatic life experiences that exceed an individual's coping ability can result in lasting changes in brain chemistry. Patterns of learned behavior can also alter brain chemistry, for better or for worse. Cognitive behavior therapy focuses on changing patterns of thinking through learning, which may ultimately restore so-termed "healthy" brain chemistry.
Drug therapies for severe mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder and clinical depression which are consistent with biochemical models have been remarkably effective, and there are reports of increasively effective treatments for schizophrenia. Anti-psychiatrists, however, argue that drugs merely mask the symptoms of mental suffering by physically crippling the brain's emotional response system. Studies have shown that many patient's symptoms return once drug treatment is ceased.
See the articles on anti-psychiatry and causes of mental illness for a fuller treatment of these topics.
Categorization of mental illness
Many mental illnesses have been categorised into groups according to their common symptoms, in a diagnostic manual called the DSM-IV. There are thirteen different categories. Some categories contain a myriad of illnesses and some with only a few:
- disorders usually recognised in infancy, childhood or adolescence; e,g., mental retardation, autism, ADHD
- Delerium, dementia, amnesiastic and other cognitive disorders; e.g., Alzheimers disease
- mental disorders due to a general medical condition; e.g., AIDS-related psychosis
- substance-related disorders; e.g., addiction
- Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
- Mood disorders; e.g., depression, bipolar disorder
- Anxiety disorders
- Somatoform disorders; e.g., hypochondria
- Factitious disorders; e.g., Munchausen's syndrome
- Dissociative disorders; e.g., dissociative identity disorder
- Sexual disorders; e.g., gender identity disorder
- Eating disorders
- Sleep disorders
- Impulse-control disorders eg.kleptomania, pyromania
- Adjustment disorders
- Personality disorders
Symptoms of mental illness
In addition to the categorized illnesses, there are many well-defined symptoms of mental illness such as paranoia that are not regarded as illnesses in themselves, but only as indicators of one of the illnesses belonging to one of the classes listed above.
See also:
- Automatism
- Alphabetic list of mental illnesses
- Reality
- Sectioning
- Causes of mental illness
External links
- NAMI Fact and Figures about Mental Illness
- The History of Mental Illness (Ohio University, The Ridges)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mental illness."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The mind is a subject about which very much theorizing, experimenting, and expostulating has occurred in philosophy (studied under the heading philosophy of mind), psychology, and religion (where in theology it is often considered alongside such related notions as soul and spirit). Some people think it is synomous with the brain.
Substance or bundle?
There is a popular problem in philosophy about what the mind is, which can be presented as follows. It is commonplace to wonder what the mind, or soul (if you will), is. One can identify individual thoughts, individual feelings, in one's mind. But what is this mind that has these thoughts and feelings? One can imagine all sorts of mental goings-on, but what is it to imagine the mind itself? It seems the only way we have of understanding, by introspection, what our minds are is by considering various particular thoughts, feelings, decisions, and other events in our minds (i.e., mental events).
So, someone might boldly maintain that we really do not have a mind, or a soul, per se--at least, we do not have any mind or soul that is distinct from our thoughts, perceptions, and other mental events. All there are is a series of thoughts and feelings that are associated with our bodies. There are no minds that are something over and above these thoughts and feelings. This would be the view of someone who held a bundle theory about the mind. The Scottish philosopher David Hume held a theory of mind like this.
The view of common sense, it seems, is opposed to a bundle theory of the mind. We seem to have a mind, or soul, which is distinct from our thoughts and feelings--and that mind is just exactly what we call our selves. Hume seems to want to deny that there is such a thing as the self. To some people this seems absurd. To them, a substance theory of mind will seem more attractive. On this view, one holds that there is something--one may not know what, but something--which has the thoughts and feelings, and the thoughts and feelings are in our minds, in about the same way that properties inhere in a substance.
Philosophers have not infrequently bandied the phrase "mental substance," and indeed, it has been made central to the ontologies of several philosophers, including most notably Gottfried Leibniz; according to Leibniz, the monad, a "simple soul," is that in terms of which everything else in the universe was to be explained. The notion of mental substance is also basic to the dualism of Rene Descartes. David Hume was very famous for advocating a bundle theory of mind.
Psychological Experiments on Mind-Body relations
In a study patients were asked to flex the index finger of their right hand suddenly at various times of their own choosing while the electrical signals in their brain were being recorded on an EEG. It was found that there was a gradual build-up of recorded electric potential for a second or a second and a half before the finger was actually flexed, indicating that the unconscious mind had made the decision before the conscious mind decided to act. Or, the actual initiation of volition may have begun earlier in some other part of the brain.
In another experiment on patients undergoing brain surgery, it took about half a second to register a stimulus applied to the skin, despite the fact that the brain would have received the signal of the stimulus in about a hundredth of a second and the pre-programmed reflex response takes only about the tenth of a second.
See also:
- cognitive science
- Society of Mind theory
- unconscious mind
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mind."
Synonym: MentalSynonym: genial (adj). (additional references) |
| Antonym: physical (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Concealment | Reticence; reserve; mental reserve, reservation; arriere pensee, suppression, evasion, white lie, misprision; silence; (taciturnity); suppression of truth; underhand dealing; closeness, secretiveness; Adjective: mystery. |
Equivocalness | Equivocation; (duplicity); white lie, mental reservation; (concealment); paltering. |
Evil | Mental suffering. demon &Verb:. bane. badness; painfulness; evil doer. |
Excitability | Indisturbance, imperturbation, sang froid, tranquility, serenity; quiet, quietude; peace of mind, mental calmness. |
Excitation | Noun: excitation of feeling; mental excitement; suscitation, galvanism, stimulation, piquance, piquancy, provocation, inspiration, calling forth, infection; animation, agitation, perturbation; subjugation, fascination, intoxication; enravishment; entrancement; pressure, tension, high pressure. |
Idea | Noun: subject of thought, material for thought; food for the mind, mental pabulum. |
Insanity | Insanity, lunacy; madness; Adjective: mania, rabies, furor, mental alienation, aberration; paranoia, schizophrenia; dementation, dementia, demency; phrenitis, phrensy, frenzy, raving, incoherence, wandering, delirium, calenture of the brain; delusion, hallucination; lycanthropy; brain storm. |
Intellect | Adjective: intellectual, mental, rational, subjective, metaphysical, nooscopic, spiritual; ghostly; psychical, psychological; cerebral; animastic; brainy; hyperphysical, superphysical; subconscious, subliminal. |
Metaphysics; psychics, psychology; ideology; mental philosophy, moral philosophy; philosophy of the mind; pneumatology, phrenology; craniology, cranioscopy. | |
Moderation | Noun: moderation, lenity; temperateness, gentleness; Adjective: sobriety; quiet; mental calmness; (inexcitability). |
Pain | Noun: mental suffering, pain, dolor; suffering, sufferance; ache, smart; (physical pain); passion. |
Physical Inertness | Mental inertness; sloth; (inactivity); inexcitability; irresolution; obstinacy; permanence. |
Physical Pain | Noun: pain; suffering, sufferance, suffrance; bodily pain, physical pain, bodily suffering, physical suffering, body pain; mental suffering; dolour, ache; aching. Verb: smart; shoot, shooting; twinge, twitch, gripe, headache, stomach ache, heartburn, angina, angina pectoris; hurt, cut; sore, soreness; discomfort, malaise; cephalalgia, earache, gout, ischiagra, lumbago, neuralgia, odontalgia, otalgia, podagra, rheumatism, sciatica; tic douloureux, toothache, tormina, torticollis. |
Untruth | Irony; half truth, white lie, pious fraud; mental reservation; (concealment). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Mental |
| English words defined with "mental": mental abnormality, Mental arithmetic, mental attitude, mental capacity, mental confusion, mental deficiency, mental disorder, mental disturbance, mental exhaustion, mental image, mental imagery, mental measurement, mental note, mental picture, mental state, mental strain, mental unsoundness. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "mental": Community Mental Health Services ♦ mental disorders, Mental Fatigue, Mental Hallucinations, Mental Health Associations, Mental Health Services, mental incapacity. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "mental": Hyomental. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Mental" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Danish (mental), French (lively, mental, noetic, witty), German (mental), Papiamen (mental), Portuguese (mental), Romanian (mental), Spanish (defective, intellectual, mental), Swedish (mental). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | That you're mental. (Wayne's World; writing credit: Mike Myers) Actually, can't stop now, just wanted to pop something into your mental microwave, see if it defrosts (Drop the Dead Donkey; writing credit: Andy Hamilton; Guy Jenkin) Poor little Maggie How many mental competency hearings have you been to, in your short life (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) They may be mental giants but physically, by our standards, they must be very primitive (The War of the Worlds; writing credit: Barré Lyndon; H.G. Wells) You know, I believe my mental condition is extremely illegal (Morgan: A Suitable Case for Treatment; writing credit: David Mercer) | |
Lyrics | And if a mental picture 's all I've got, to go on (Mental Picture; performing artist: Jon Secada) Now I fin' to, get into to, my mental (Keep Their Headz Ringin; performing artist: Dr. Dre) It's mental, mash your enemies, we out in the rental (Down Ass Bitch; performing artist: Ja Rule) My mental rolodex see these words (Guilty Until Proven Innocent; performing artist: Jay-Z) Any law, or authority that utilize borders, prisons, mental (Anarchy Through Capitolism; performing artist: Kottonmouth Kings) | |
Clever | A man who is attracted by your mental appearance loves you more than a man who is attracted by your physical appearance. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Mental Poise (1938) Quelques étapes du développement mental chez l'enfant (1923) Mental Suicide (1913) | |
Song Titles | Mental Picture (performing artist: Jon Secada) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | A pregnant woman with syphilis can pass T. pallidum to her unborn child, who may be born with serious mental and physical problems as a result of this infection. When a newborn is affected it is known as “Congenital Syphilis”. Credit: CDC. |  | Women who acquire genital herpes during pregnancy can transmit the virus to their babies. Untreated Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infections in newborns can result in mental retardation and death. Credit: CDC. |
 | Cauterization, the application of heat, is a recognized form of treatment for certain mental disorders ... / WHO p. Credit: National Library of Medicine; photo by P. Kurup.. |  | [Buildings 35 (Cafeteria), 36 (National Institute of Mental Health), and 37 (National Cancer Institute)] / P. Credit: National Library of Medicine; photo by Ralph Bredland.. |
 | [Art and Mental Illness] : [Expressions Plastiques De La Folie: Le Malade, Le Miroir Et Les Auto-Portraits]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Horsford's Acid Phosphate For Mental & Physical Dyspepsia & C. : "The Little Dancer" / Schumacher & Ettlinger, New York. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | It's the same man. Obtaining complete relaxation and mental refreshment -- in order to withstand ... Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Harry Kahne, mental marvel and daredevil from Keiths Theatre, amuses the cross word puzzle fans as he works a puzzle backwards, while being hung from the top of one of Washington's tall office buildings. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | The mental wizard, Newmann th man who knows and his deluxe show of wonders : featuring the world famous Simla seance. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | A woman has the right to protect herself from mental and physical abuse : clear Cassandra Peten. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Play | Caption |
 | Crazy; laugh; insane; insanity; bonkers; cracked; crazed; cuckoo; daft; delirious; demented; deranged; lunatic; mad; maniacal; mental; nuts; nutty; psycho; screw loose; screwball; screwy; unbalanced; unglued; unhinged; unzipped; wacky; whacko. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Author Unknown | The most vital thing in a man's life is his mental attitude. |
Karl Marx | The only antidote to mental suffering is physical pain. |
Minna Antrim | Enthusiasms, like stimulants, are often affected by people with small mental ballast. |
Oscar Wilde | Society exists only as a mental concept; in the real world there are only individuals. |
Sam Snead | Of the mental hazards, being scared is the worst. When you get scared, you get tense. |
Thomas Szasz | In the past, men created witches; now they create mental patients. |
Voltaire | Doubt is not a pleasant mental state but certainty is a ridiculous one. |
William Gilmore Simms | Tact is one of the first mental virtues, the absence of it is fatal to the best talent. |
William R. Alger | Proverbs are mental gems gathered in the diamond fields of the mind. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 | Segregation with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to [retard] the educational and mental development of negro children and to deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racial[ly] integrated school system." Whatever may have been the extent of psychological knowledge at the time of Plessy v. Ferguson, this finding is amply supported by modern authority. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy | Douglas Adams | My God, complained Arthur, "you're talking about a positive mental attitude and you haven't even had your planet demolished today. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | He was obliged to make a mental effort to assure himself that all this which surrounded him was real |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | We spend more on almost any article of bodily aliment or ailment than on our mental ailment |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Every child's mental health is important. (references) | |
Seizures and mental retardation may occur. (references) | ||
Moderate mental retardation is also common. (references) | ||
Business | Services related to the health care industry, retirement homes, handicapped housing, and mental institutions have also been cited as good prospects for foreign companies. (references) | |
One report published in 1995 on the characteristics of handicapped children in Mexico reported that 37.3 percent of disabled children had visual problems, 15 percent had multiple problems, 14.6 percent had speech related problems, 6.7 percent had hearing problems, 6.0 percent had mental deficiencies, 2.7 percent had physical deformities, and 17.7 percent had other kinds of problems. (references) | ||
Children | India | Many of the inmates were moved to public mental hospitals. (references) |
Saint Lucia | There is also a school for persons with mental disabilities. (references) | |
Singapore | Mental and physically disabilities are treated in the same way. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Sri Lanka | The young man's parents alleged that he had a mental illness and could not be held responsible for his comments. (references) |
South Africa | Several laws remain in effect that permit the Government to restrict the publication of information about the police, the national defense forces, prisons, and mental institutions. (references) | |
Uganda | Unlike in the previous year, there were no reports that the techniques used in some of the courses included intimidation and physical and mental abuse or that some instructors demanded payment for the courses. (references) | |
Discrimination | Canada | The Charter of Rights and Freedoms provides for equal benefits and protection of the law regardless of race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, sex, age, or mental or physical disability. (references) |
Malaysia | Neither the Constitution nor other laws explicitly prohibit discrimination based on physical or mental disabilities, but the Government has promoted greater public acceptance and integration of the disabled. (references) | |
Economic History | Ecuador | Bucaram was deposed by the Congress in February 1997 on grounds of alleged mental incompetence. (references) |
Human Rights | El Salvador | Navarrete reportedly suffered from mental illness. (references) |
Belize | There is no separate facility for inmates with mental illnesses. (references) | |
Belize | The prison psychiatrist provides mental health services for inmates. (references) | |
Indigenous People | India | The construction of a road through the forest that is inhabited by this group and the encroachment of Indian settlers have affected negatively this indigenous group's cultural vitality, economic self-sufficiency, and physical and mental health. (references) |
Political Economy | NETHERLANDS | Laws prohibit youths under the age of 18 from working at night, overtime, or in areas that could be dangerous to their physical or mental development. (references) |
Political Rights | Belgium | The linguistic community councils handle matters more directly affecting the mental and cultural well-being of the individual, such as education and the administration of certain social welfare programs. (references) |
Women | Afghanistan | Most of the participants also reported a decline in their mental health. (references) |
Peru | Violence against women, including rape, spousal abuse, and sexual, physical, and mental abuse of women and girls, is a chronic problem. (references) | |
Pakistan | The Progressive Women's Organization (PWO) reported in 1999 that one out of every two women is the victim of mental or physical violence. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Bangladesh | Working children were found engaged in 200 different types of activities, of which 49 were regarded as harmful to children's physical and mental wellbeing. (references) |
Vietnam | By law, an employer must ensure that workers under 18 years of age do not undertake hazardous work or work that would harm their physical or mental development. (references) | |
Kyrgyz Republic | The Labor Code provides for the protection of children from economic exploitation and from work that poses a danger to their health, or spiritual, physical, mental, or academic development. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | ABASEMENT, n. A decent and customary mental attitude in the presence of wealth of power. Peculiarly appropriate in an employee when addressing an employer. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Elizabeth Taylor | I did a kind of mental mantra saying, I am strong, I am strong, I am strong, I am brave, I am brave, I am brave, I am brave. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Ulysses S. Grant | 1869-1877 | I have taken this oath without mental reservation and with the determination to do to the best of my ability all that is required of me. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | The Act is designed to inaugurate a new era of Federal and State partnership in the planning and provision of mental health services. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | This year, we will host a White House Conference on Mental Health. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Mental" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Mental" is used about 5,797 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 100% | 5,797 | 1,687 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "mental": ..domiciliary mental health service (specific) ♦ ambulatory mental health care ♦ certified mental case ♦ Community mental health center ♦ Community Mental Health Centers ♦ Community Mental Health Services ♦ create by mental act ♦ creating by mental acts ♦ have a mental blackout ♦ make a mental note of ♦ mental aberration ♦ mental ability ♦ mental abnormality ♦ mental activity ♦ mental age ♦ mental alienation ♦ mental anguish ♦ mental anorexia ♦ mental arithmetic ♦ mental asylum ♦ mental attitude ♦ mental balance ♦ mental bankrupt ♦ mental blackout ♦ mental block ♦ mental breakdown ♦ mental calmness ♦ mental capacity ♦ mental case ♦ Mental Competency ♦ mental confusion ♦ Mental Decline ♦ mental defective ♦ mental defectiveness ♦ mental deficiency ♦ mental deficient ♦ mental derangement ♦ mental disease ♦ mental disorder ♦ Mental Disorders ♦ Mental Disorders Diagnosed in Childhood ♦ mental disturbance ♦ mental disturbances ♦ mental energy ♦ mental enjoyment ♦ mental exercise ♦ mental exhaustion ♦ mental faculty ♦ Mental Fatigue ♦ mental gymnastics ♦ Mental Healing ♦ Mental Health ♦ Mental Health Associations ♦ Mental Health Services ♦ mental home ♦ mental hospital ♦ mental hygiene ♦ mental illness ♦ mental image ♦ mental imagery ♦ mental incapacity ♦ mental inertness ♦ mental institution ♦ mental lexicon ♦ mental load ♦ mental measurement ♦ mental note ♦ mental object ♦ mental pabulum ♦ mental pain ♦ mental patient ♦ mental physiology ♦ mental picture ♦ mental process ♦ Mental Processes ♦ mental quickness ♦ mental rejection ♦ mental representation ♦ mental reservation ♦ mental retardation ♦ mental shock ♦ mental soundness ♦ mental state ♦ Mental Status Schedule ♦ mental strain ♦ mental suffering ♦ mental synthesis ♦ mental telepathist ♦ mental test ♦ mental testing ♦ mental therapist ♦ mental unsoundness ♦ mental upset ♦ mental wooliness ♦ mental woolliness ♦ mental workstrain ♦ National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) ♦ Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction ♦ physical and mental requirements ♦ United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "mental": mental-art-scientists, mental-behavioural, mental-disorder, mental-emotional, mental-handicap, mental-health, mental-hospital, mental-sentence. | |
Ending with "mental": extra-mental, non-mental. | |
Containing "mental": ex-mental-hospital, Myth-of-mental-illness. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "mental"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | mendor (intellective, intellectual, psychic, psychical), psikik (psychic, psychical), intelektual (cerebral, egghead, highbrow, intellectual, Longhair, long-haired, noetic), ideal (ideal, it, nonpareil). (various references) | |
Arabic | فكري (ideational, ideological, intellectual, speculative), عقلي (cerebral, liberal, noetic, psychical, rational, stands to reason), ذهني (ideal, intellectual), ذقني, روحي (ghostly, immaterial, incorporeal, inner, inward, pneumatic, spiritual, unearthly, unworldly). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | умствен (intellective, intellectual), смахнат (bughouse, crack-brained, cracked, cracky, dippy, kinky, nutty, off one's rocker, potty, queer, soft, touched, up the pole, wacky, zany), вътрешен (domestic, endo-, home, in, indoor, inland, inner, inside, interior, internal, intimate, intrinsic, inward, mediterranean), неизказан (ineffable, inexplicit, inexpressible, silent, unsaid, unspeakable, unspoken, untold, unutterable, unvoiced), мисловен (intellective, intellectual), мислен (ideal), побъркан (addle-brained, addle-headed, addle-pated, cockeyed, crank, crazy, cuckoo, demented, having a screw loose, light-head, light-headed, moonstruck, nutty, touched), душевноболен (insane), душевен (internal, psychic, psychical). (various references) | |
Chinese | 腦力 , 精神 (Psychic, spirit, spirits, spiritual), 心理 (psychological). (various references) | |
Czech | mentální, duševní (psychic). (various references) | |
Danish | mental/vedrørende hagen, mental, sjaelelig (emotional, psychic), psykisk (phychic, psychic), emotionel (emotional). (various references) | |
Dutch | mentaal, geestelijk (ecclesiastic, spiritual). (various references) | |
Esperanto | mensa. (various references) | |
Farsi | فکری (Cerebral, Intellectual, Notion, Reflective), مغزی (Braid, Cacuminal, Cerebral, Nuclear, Welt), هوشی , روحی (Inner, Intrinsic, Numinous, Psychic, Spiritual), روانی (Bolubility, Flow, Freedom, Psychic, Versatility), دماغی (Cacuminal, Cephalic, Cerebral). (various references) | |
Finnish | sielullinen (psychic), psyykkinen (psychic), henkinen (intellectual). (various references) | |
French | mental, intellectuel. (various references) | |
German | seelisch (emotional, psychic, psychological, psychologically, spiritual), geistig (academic, intellectual, mentally, spiritual, spiritually, spirituous). (various references) | |
Greek | νοερόσ (intellectual), πνευματικός (intellectual, spiritual), φρενικόσ (phrenic), του νου, διανοητικόσ (intellectual), ψυχικόσ (psychic, spiritual), ψυχικός. (various references) | |
Hebrew | של "ס טר, שכלי (intellectual, logical, moral, rational), רוח י (spiritual, unworldly), פשי (cordial, psychic, psychological, spiritual). (various references) | |
Hungarian | elmebeli. (various references) | |
Indonesian | batin (arcane, hidden, inner, internal, mind, moral, secret). (various references) | |
Italian | mentale (emotional, psychic), psichico (psychic, psychical). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 精神的 (emotional), メル友 (a friend with whom one corresponds by e-mail, a motion, being falling down drunk, maintenance, Mauser, melodious, melodrama, melody, melon, member, member name, members, member's card, membership, Memphis, Mendel, mendelevium, menses, mensheviki, menswear, mental health, mental test, mentalistic, mentality, menthol, meringue, mince, mince cutlet, mortgage, soap opera), 内的 (inherited, inner, intrinsic), 心的 (physical, psychological), 心理的 (psychological). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | メンタル , ないてき (inherited, inner, intrinsic), し"りてき (psychological), し"てき (physical, psychological), せいし"てき (emotional). (various references) | |
Korean | (spirit, spirits). (various references) | |
Manx | shaghrynys inchyn (mental alienation), shaghrynys (abberation, absence, bewilderment, blunder, confusion, deviation, deviousness, error, gaffe, hallucination, maze, mental alienation, quibble, truancy), pooar aigney (mental power). (various references) | |
Papiamen | mental. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | entalmay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | mental. (various references) | |
Romanian | mintal (ideally, insane, mentally, phrenic, spiritual), mental, spiritual (bright, clever, ecclesiastic, ecclesiastical, ghostly, humorous, humoursome, immaterial, ingeniously, moral, neat, sacerdotal, sacred, smart, spirited, spiritual, witty), psihic (head, psychic), intelectual (brain, high-brow, intellectual, moral, scholar, spiritual), fãcut în gând, ţicnit (crack-brained, cracked, scatty, screw-ball). (various references) | |
Russian | умственный (intellective, intelligence, inward). (various references) | |
Scottish | aorabh (bodily or mental constitution). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | mentalni (intellectual), umni (intellectual, noetic), duševni (inner, spiritual). (various references) | |
Spanish | mental (defective, intellectual). (various references) | |
Swedish | sinnes- (sensational, sensory, sensuous, sentient). (various references) | |
Turkish | zihinsel (intellectual), zekâ (acuity, acumen, acuteness, brain, brains, cleverness, cuteness, deepness, gray matter, grey matter, intelligence, mentality, nous, penetration, quick wit, sagacity, sapience, senses, understanding, wit), ruhsal (inner, psychic, psychical, psychologic, psychological, spiritual), aklí, akıl (advice, bean, brain, chump, comprehension, consciousness, gray matter, grey matter, head, headpiece, intellect, intelligence, loaf, memory, mind, nous, prudence, psyche, reason, sapience, senses, strength of mind, wisdom, wit). (various references) | |
Turkmen | ruhy (ecclesiastical, spiritual). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | розумовий (gymnastic, intellective, noetic, rational), мислений (ideal, tacit), психічний (psychic, psychical). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | người mắc bệnh tâm thần, người điên (bedlamite, lunatic, lunatical, madman, maniac). (various references) | |
Welsh | meddyliol (intellectual). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from | ||
