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Definition: Memory |
MemoryNoun1. Something that is remembered; "search as he would, the memory was lost". 2. The cognitive processes whereby past experience is remembered; "he can do it from memory"; "he enjoyed remembering his father". 3. The power of retaining and recalling past experience; "he had a good memory when he was younger". 4. An electronic memory device; "a memory and the CPU form the central part of a computer to which peripherals are attached". 5. The area of cognitive psychology that studies memory processes; "he taught a graduate course on learning and memory". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "memory" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Etymology: Memory \Mem"o*ry\, noun; plural Memories. [Old English memorie, Old French memoire, memorie, French m['e]moire, Latin memoria, from memor mindful; compare to mora delay. Compare to Demur, Martyr, Memoir, Remember.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Computing | Memory |
Aerospace | The component of a computer, control system, guidance system, instrumented satellite, or the like, designed to provide ready access to data or instructions previously recorded so as to make them bear upon an immediate problem, such as the guidance of a physical object, or the analysis and reduction of data. (references) |
Electrical Engineering | The ability of equipment to preserve electronic data in a form that is capable of being recovered. Source: European Union. (references) |
Engineering & Technology | The after-effect response of a material to an event which, superimposed upon the response to a later event alters the behaviour of the material from that which would result from response to the later event alone. Source: European Union. (references) |
Health | Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory. (references) |
Literature | Memory Magliabechi, of Florence, the book-lover, was called "the universal index and living &cyclopaedia;." (1633-1714.) (See Woodfall .) Bard of Memory. Samuel Rogers, author of Pleasures of Memory. (1762-1855.). Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Post & Telecom | The tape counter also provides a command function, stop, if it reaches 0000. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The terms storage or memory refer to those parts of a computer that retain data for some period of time, possibly even after the computer is turned off. There are many ways in which types of storage can be categorised - these include:
Normally, "memory" refers to primary, semiconductor based storage, but this is a very blurred distinction.
- Primary / Secondary
- Volatile / Non-volatile.
- Read-only / WORM / Read-write
- By medium - eg, Semiconductor / Optical / Magneto-optical / Magnetic
Each type of storage is suited for different purposes, and most computers contain several types.
Primary storage contains data that is actively being used (for example, the programs currently being run and the data they are operating on). It is typically high-speed, relatively small, and is often (but not always) volatile. It is sometimes referred to as "Main Memory".
Secondary storage, also known as peripheral storage, is where the computer stores information that is not necessarily in current use. It is typically slower and has larger capacity than primary storage. It is almost always non-volatile.
Volatile storage loses its contents when it loses power. Non-volatile storage does not.
List of storage devices
- CD-R
- CD-ROM
- CD-RW
- Core memory or core storage
- Delay line memory
- DVD-RAM
- DVD-ROM
- Flash memory
- Floppy disk
- Hard disk
- Holographic memory
- Magnetic bubble memory
- Magnetic tape
- Magnetic drum
- Magneto Optical
- Memory stick
- Mylar tape
- NVRAM
- Punch card
- Paper tape
- RAM
- ROM
- Selectron tube
- Smartdisk
- Thin film magnetic memory
- VRAM
- Williams tube
- WRAM
Memory related software
- Aard
- QEMM
See also
- Memory allocation
- Write protection
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Computer storage."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In the fictional Harry Potter universe, magic is what separates Muggles from witches and wizards. With magical ability witches and wizards can use wands to perform magic. People with magical ability also have the power to see things Muggles don't, such as Dementors.
Terms
Muggle
A term used by those who can use magic to refer to those who cannot. The term is usually used innocuously by most wizards and witches, but is also used in a derogatory way by some of the more evil characters: this is how Rowling suggests something analogous to racism. Examples: Vernon Dursley, Petunia Dursley
An author named Nancy Stouffer sued Rowling for trademark infringement over her use of the term Muggles, but lost her case.
Pure blood
A term for a wizard or witch whose ancestors have possessed magical powers for untold generations. Examples: Lucius Malfoy, Draco Malfoy, Neville Longbottom, Ginny Weasley
Half blood
A derogatory term used to describe the offspring of a wizard or witch and a Muggle or aparently a witch or wizard and a Muggle-born. Examples: Harry Potter, Lord Voldemort
Mudblood
A derogatory term used to describe a wizard or witch born to Muggle parents(the "poilite" term is Muggle-born.) Examples: Hermione Granger, Lily Potter
Squib
A derogatory term used to describe an individual of wizard heritage without magical powers. Though Squibs do have the power to see Dementors. Examples: Argus Filch, Arabella Figg
Blood traitor
A derogatory term used to describe a wizard with "pure" blood who but refuses to mantain prejudice aganist "impure" peoples. Example: The members of the Weasley family are considered the worst blood traitors in the wizarding world.
Magical Schools
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry
- Headmaster: Albus Dumbledore
- Location: Scotland, UK
- Notes: See separate article
Beauxbatons Academy of Magic
- Headmistress: Olympe Maxime
- Location: France
- Notes: See separate article
Durmstrang Institute
- Headmaster: Igor Karkaroff
- Location: Unknown (northern Europe)
- Notes: See separate article
Unknown School in Brazil
- Headmaster: (Unknown)
- Location: Brazil
- Notes: Bill Weasley had a pen pal here, who took offense when Bill couldn't afford a student exchange program and sent him a hat that made his ears shrivel up.
Unknown School in the United States
- Headmaster: (Unknown)
- Location: USA
- Notes: J. K. Rowling stated students in America had their own school.
Spells
Spells, in the Harry Potter universe, seem to be enacted mostly by speaking a few words, typically in a modified form of Latin, and gesturing with a wand. Potionss are also in heavy use.
External link: Harry Potter Lexicon of Spells
The Fidelius Charm
This charm enables secret information to be hidden within a single living soul, or Secret-keeper. The information is then irretrievable until and unless the Secret-keeper chooses to reveal it; not even those who know the secret can tell it.Warning: Spoilers follow
So far, there have been only two uses of the Fidelius Charm in the Harry Potter series. In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, it is explained that when Harry was an infant, he and his parents, Lily and James, were hidden from Voldemort with Peter Pettigrew as their Secret-keeper; Pettigrew betrayed them. In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, the charm is used to hide the headquarters for the Order of the Phoenix; Albus Dumbledore is the Secret-keeper, and is apparently able to give permission by letter to reveal the information. This implies that a direct, personal act is not required to bring a new person into the secret.
The root fidelis means trusty or faithful.
Levitation
To cause something to levitate, someone points their wand at what they want to levitate and saw "Wingardium Leviosa" and it will rise into the air. When First Years learn this at Hogwarts, they practice with feathers.
Alohamora
This spell is used to open a door, window, etc. A person merly points their want at what they want to open and say "Alohamora" and it will open. Doors can be magical sealed so that they can't be opened with this spell.
Expecto Patronum
This spell conjures a Patronus, a silvery phantom shape, usually that of an animal, which is the embodiment of the positive thoughts of the caster. A Patronus will drive away Dementors. Harry and his father conjure a stag for their Patronus, while Hermione Granger conjures an otter.
The Dark Arts
While most magic is neutral, the Dark Arts are evil in nature. Students learn Defence Against the Dark Arts, to protect themselves from Dark wizards(unless they are being taught by Dolores Umbridge.)
The Unforgivable Curses
Use of these curses on a fellow human could land you a life sentence in Azkaban. The curses are the Imperius Curse, Cruciatus Curse and Avada Kedavra.
Imperius Curse
The Imperius Curse starts with the incantation: "Impero" and gives the wizard complete control over his victim. It is possible for the victim to fight the curse. The series protagonist, Harry Potter, is shown to be good at fighting the Imperius Curse.
Cruciatus Curse
The Cruciatus Curse is started with incantation "Crucio". It inflicts intense pain upon the victim.
Warning: Spoilers follow
This curse was used to drive Neville Longbottom's parents insane.
Avada Kedavra
When this curse is performed, a green light is emitted from the wand of the curser, killing the victim. Arch-villain Lord Voldemort uses the curse to dispose of his enemies, including Harry Potter's parents.
The term may come from the Arabic Abra Kadabra, meaning 'let the things be destroyed' or from the Aramaic abhadda kedhabhra, meaning 'disappear like this word'. Rather than being used as a curse, the phrase is believed to have been used as a means of treating illness.
Either of the original phrases may have brought into being the term Abracadabra. In common language, the word kedavra has evolved into cadaver, meaning dead body. But note also cadaver may come from Latin cadere, "to fall".
Magical Objects
The Mirror of Erised
The Mirror of Erised is a mystical mirror that Harry discovers in some of the back corridors of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. On it is inscribed, erised stra ehru oyt ube cafru oyt on wohsi - I show not your face but your heart's desire, written backwards. When someone gazes into the mirror they see nothing more or nothing less than the deepest most desperate desire of their hearts. Harry sees his parents standing beside him. Ron sees himseld as Head Boy and Quidditch Captain holding the Quidditch Cup. Dumbledore says he sees himself holding a pair of socks.
The Marauder's Map
The Marauder's Map was created by Moony, Padfoot, Prongs and Wormtail, the map on first appearance is a piece of blank parchment, but when the user says "I solemnly swear that I am up to no good" the map appears, showing Hogwarts, and the location of everyone within the grounds. The map also gives information on how to open the secret passageways.
The map was given to Harry by Fred and George Weasley, who found it while unattended in Filch's office. The map made its first appearance in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
Warning: Wikipedia contains spoilers
In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Snape finds the map in Harry's possession, and tries to force it to reveal its secrets; the map responds by insulting him. Snape suspects dark magic at work, though given that the map's creators, James Potter, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin and Peter Pettigrew, detested Snape, they may have added these insults specifically for him.
Howler
A Howler is a bright red letter usually signifying displeasure and anger from the sender directed at the recipient. When opened, the Howler begins to yell in the sender's voice at the recipient, eventually dissolving into scraps of paper. If not opened, it will explode and scream even louder.
Pensieve
A Pensieve is a stone basin, covered in mystic runes, with a fluid or gas within. A wizard can place their memories into the basin, when the mind is too flooded with information. One can more easily examine the patterns and interrelations of thoughts while they float in the Pensieve. The Pensieve also allows the user to fully immerse themselves in the memories stored within, much like a magical form of virtual reality. Tom Riddle's diary seems to have this same form of virtual reality.
Like many names in these books, pensieve is a pun: it is a sieve in that it is a device used for sifting out thoughts, and in using it one becomes pensive or thoughtful.
A Pensieve first appears in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, and again in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.
Remembrall
When you hold a remebrall, it turns red if you've forgotten something. Unfortunately, it does not tell you what you have forgotten.
The DVD of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone contained a software approximation of a remembrall.
See also: Personal Digital Assistant.
The Sorting Hat
The Sorting Hat, in the Harry Potter series of novels by J. K. Rowling, is a fictional artifact which magically determines which of the four Hogwarts school houses - Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw or Slytherin - a new student should live in. As the students' names are read out loud alphabetically at the year's opening banquet the hat is placed on each of their heads in turn, and after a few moments' deliberation it announces its choice. The Sorting Hat was originally the hat of Godric Gryffindor. The hat assigned Hermione Granger, Harry Potter, and Ron Weasley, to Gryffindor in their first year.
Before sorting the students each year the hat recites a new introductory rhyme. These rhymes occasionally warn of danger to come, as in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.
In Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, the hat plays a critical role in the climax of the story by coming to Harry's aid in the Chamber.
In the movie versions of the novels the hat's voice is played by Leslie Phillips.
Floo Powder
Floo powder is a green powder used by Wizards to travel and communicate using fire places. The name comes from the word flue meaning the passageway which leads from a fireplace to the chimney so hot gasses can escape.
Warning:Wikipedia uses spoilers
In the second book the Weasley's travel to Diagon Alley using it and Sirius communicates with Harry in the fourth book using it. In the fifth book, the floo network watches every fire place in Hogwarts except for Dolores Umbridge's fire, and Harry used this fire to communicate with Sirius at headquarters, discovering how uncomfortable it is.
Quidditch Balls and Equitment
There are several enchanted objects needed to play Quidditch, most obvious flying broomsticks. All the balls in the game are enchanted in some way. The Golden Snitch is enchanted to fly around and also to not leave the field. The Bludger is enchanted to fly around and try to knock players off their broomsticks. A Bludger does not focus on one player, unless it has been meddled with, as is the case in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. The Quaffle may appear an exception, but it is also enchanted to make it easy to grip, and so it falls more slowly than normal.
Portkey
Portkey are first mentioned in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. They transport people to other places.
Magical Letters and Signs
Letters
Witchs and wizard can write words in the air with their wands.
Warning: Spoilers Follow
Tom Riddle does at the end of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets to show that I am Lord Voldemort is an anagram for Tom Marvolo Riddle.
The Dark Mark
The Dark Mark is Voldemort's symbol, and is sent up in the air when any one of his followers makes a kill. It is also tattooed onto his faithful Death Eater's left forearms. It comprises of a skull with a serpent in its mouth. According to Snape, the Dark Mark can be triggered by Voldemort to glow, causing pain to the Death Eaters, in order to signal them to apparate to meet him.
Potions
Potions are created from mixing things together in a caldron, to create something that is of some use.
Veritaserum
Veritaserum has properties similar to a truth drug. Three drops has the drinker spelling his/her inermost secrets. The name comes from the Latin veritas ("truth") plus serum.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Magic (Harry Potter)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This article is about the human memory. For memory as a storage-device, see computer memory
Memory is one of the activities of the human mind, much studied by cognitive psychology. It is the capacity to retain an impression of past experiences. There are multiple types of classifications for memory based on duration, nature and retrieval of perceived items.
The main stages in the formation and retrieval of memory, from an information processing perspective, are:
A basic and generally accepted classification (depending on the duration of memory retention and the amount of stored information during these stages) identifies three distinct types of memory: Sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. The first stage corresponds approximately to the initial moment that an item is perceived. Some of these informations in the sensory area proceeds to the sensory store, which is referred to as short-term memory. Sensory memory is characterized by the duration of memory retention from miliseconds to seconds and short-term memory from seconds to minutes. Once the information is stored, it can be retrieved in a period of time, which ranges from days to years and this type of memory is called long-term memory.
- Encoding (processing of received information by acquisition)
- Storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation)
- Retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task)
When we are given a seven digit number, we can remember it only for a few seconds and then forget (short term memory). On the other hand we remember our telephone numbers, since we have stored it in our brain after long periods of consolidation (long term memory).
The definition of working memory, which is erroneously used as a synonym of short-term memory, is based on not only the duration of memory retention but also the way how it is used in daily life activities. For instance, when we are asked to multiply 45 with 4 in our head, we have to perform a series of simple calculations (addition and multiplications) to give the final answer. The process of keeping in mind all these informations for a short period of time is called working memory.
Another good example is a chess player, who is playing with multiple opponents at the same time and trying to remember the positions of stones in all games and using this information to make a good move, when required.
Long-term memory can further be classified as declarative (explicit) and procedural (implicit).
Explicit memory requires conscious recall, in other words the information must be called back consciously when it is required. If this information is about our own lives (what we ate for breakfast in this morning, our birth date etc.), it is called episodic memory, if it concerns our knowledge about the world (capital of France, presidents of US etc.), then it is called semantic memory.
Implicit memory is not based on the conscious recall of information stored in our brain, but on the habituation or sensitization of learned facts. We perform better in a given task each time we repeat the task, that is we use our implicit memory without necessarily remembering the previous experiences but using the previously learned behaviours unconsciously.
Neurophysiology and biochemistry of memory
The fields of neurophysiology and biochemistry have made some advances in the understanding of memory.
Critical locations for memory are amygdala, hippocampus, fornix, mammillary bodies, thalamus, hypothalamus as well as the cerebral cortex
Complementary encoding theory stipulates that some circuits (e.g. the hippocampus) are used for fast and specific encoding, while generalized overlapping representations are stored in the neocortex. Many researchers believe that encoding of long lasting neocortical memories occurs during sleep. Recent advances in neural network research make it possible to understand memory consolidation and retrieval in a computational sense.
A hypothesized celluar basis of memory and learning, for which there is some evidence, involves strengthening of the synapses that link nerve cells (or neurons). This is known as the Hebbian theory, after the Canadian neuropsychologist Donald O. Hebb.
It has been asserted that GABA signals interfere with the registration and consolidation stages of memory formation. As the GABA system is found in the hippocampus, which is thought to play a large role in memory formation, this is thought to be possible.
Related topics
The Greek mythological personification is Mnemosyne.
- Mnemonics help people to easily remember various things.
- In Norse mythology the concept of memory is encapsulated within the messenger raven of Odin named Munin.
- Eidetic memory - popularly called "photographic memory" or "the inability to forget"
External Links
- Memory improvement techniques
- Eidetic Imagery: Raising More Questions than Answers by Anna Arnaudo
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Memory."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Primary Storage is a category of Computer storage, often called "Main memory". It is used to store data that is likely to be in active use, and so is usually relatively fast. Contrast with Secondary storage.
Storage devices in this category include:
- Random Access Memory (RAM) - includes VRAM, WRAM, NVRAM
- Read only Memory (ROM)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Primary storage."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Random access memory or RAM is a type of computer storage whose contents can be accessed in any order. This is in contrast to sequential memory devices such as magnetic tapes, discs and drums, in which the mechanical movement of the storage medium forces the computer to access data in a fixed order. It is usually implied that RAM can be both written to and read from, in contrast to read-only memory or ROM.
Overview
Computers use RAM to hold the program code and data during execution. In the first electronic computers, RAM was built from vacuum tubes, and later magnetic cores. The term "core" is still used by some programmers to describe the RAM at the heart of a computer.
Many types of RAM are volatile, which means that unlike some other forms of computer storage such as disk storage and tape storage, they lose their data when the computer is powered down.
Throughout the history of computing, a variety of technologies have been used for RAM, and usually more than one in the same computer, with high-memories constructed out of the same technology as the logic, and slower, cheaper technologies used for bulk storage. Some early computers used mercury delay lines, in which a series of acoustic pulses were sent along a tube filled with mercury. When the pulse reached the end of the tube, the circuitry detected whether the pulse represented a binary 1 or 0 and caused the oscillator at the beginning of the line to repeat the pulse. Other early computers stored RAM on high-speed "magnetic drums".
Later designs used arrays of small ferrite electromagnets, known as core memory.
Modern RAM generally stores a bit of data as either a charge in a capacitor, as in dynamic RAM, or the state of a flip-flop, as in static RAM.
Common types of RAM
- SRAM or Static RAM
- DRAM or Dynamic RAM
- Fast Page Mode DRAM
- EDO RAM or Extended Data Out DRAM
- SDRAM or Synchronous DRAM
- DDR SDRAM or Double Data Rate Synchronous DRAM
- RDRAM or Rambus DRAM
Not so common types of RAM
- Dual-ported RAM
- Video RAM, a dual-port memory with one random access port and one sequential access port.
RAM packaging
Semiconductor RAM is produced as integrated circuits (ICs). RAM ICs are often assembled into plug-in modules. Some standard module types are:
- single-in-line memory module (SIMM)
- dual-in-line memory module (DIMM)
Write-Only Memory
In 1972 some engineers at the Signetics Corporation published a spoof data sheet for a write-only memory. This was a type of RAM with no read facility and therefore no outputs. The full title was Fully Encoded, 9046×N, Random Access Write-Only Memory and the part number was 25120.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Random access memory."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| RAM,random access memory | Danish | Lager med direkte tilgang | Computing, Meteorology & Standards |
| MEM | English | Memory | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: MemorySynonyms: memory board (n), remembering (n), retention (n), retentiveness (n), storage (n), store (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Identification | Noun: identification, recognition, diagnosis, match; apperception, assimilation; dereplication; classification; memory; interpretation; cognizance (knowledge). |
The Past | Retrospect, retrospection, looking back, memory. -- originally - preterition; priority; -- |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | They are cries that once heard, can never be erased from the memory. On this one night those cries belonged to my friend John, when guard Ferguson paid him a visit (Sleepers; writing credit: Barry Levinson) Memory can change the shape of a room; it can change the color of a car. And memories can be distorted (Memento; writing credit: Bo Goldman; Lawrence Hauben) When was the last time you remember seeing it? And I'm not talking about some distant, half-forgotten childhood memory, I mean like yesterday (Dark City; writing credit: Alex Proyas) Refresh my memory. What gold are we talking about (Shanghai Knights; writing credit: Alfred Gough; Miles Millar) I suffer from short term memory loss (Finding Nemo; writing credit: Andrew Stanton) | |
Lyrics | To drown a memory (Don't Rock The Jukebox; performing artist: Alan Jackson) I see a memory I never realized (Mandy; performing artist: Barry Manilow) He say, Son can you play me a memory ("Piano Man"; performing artist: Billy Joel) I couldn't escape the memory (Run-Around; performing artist: Blues Traveler) And I banished every memory you and I had ever made (It's all coming back to me now; performing artist: Celine Dion) | |
Clever | A good memory and a tongue tied in the middle is a combination which gives immortality to conversation. (references; author: Mark Twain) A goldfish has a memory span of three seconds. (references; author: unknown) A clear conscience is usually the sign of a bad memory. (references; author: unknown) Everyone has a photographic memory. Some don't have film. (references; author: unknown) No happy time is really gone if it leaves a special memory. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Memory of Us (1974) A Memory of Two Mondays (1974) Triumph of Memory (1972) Memory Game (1971) Hauser's Memory (1970) | |
Song Titles | Set Adrift On Memory Bliss (performing artist: P.M. Dawn) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
![]() | Massasoit, protector and preserver of the Pilgrims. Statue erected in his memory at Plymouth. Credit: America's Coastlines. | ![]() | Coast and Geodetic Survey Ship STIRNI. This ship was named in memory of Lt. (j.g.) Joseph Stirni, USC&GS, who was killed while a Japanese prisoner of war in 1945. He was killed by a U. S. bomb hitting the ship he was being transported to Japan on from the Philippine Islands. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
![]() | A meal as appetizing as this one may prove memorable indeed, especially if your memory is jogged by the new food-survey techniques described in the cover story, entitled, "Was It A Slab, a Slice, or a Sliver?" P. Credit: USDA ARS News; photo by Peggy Greb.. | ![]() | Medallion in Memory of Samuel Glasgow Armor, A.M., M.D., LLD. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
![]() | Keep Measles A Memory - Immunize!. Credit: National Library of Medicine. | ![]() | Memorial tablet in the Chapel at the Mare Island Navy Yard, California, dedicated to the memory of officers and men of USS Trenton, USS Vandalia and USS Nipsic who lost their lives in the storm. Photographed circa the early 1900s or earlier. Credit: NAVY. |
![]() | U.S. Army Private First Class Felix A. Uva (left) and Corporal Donald A. Purdy examine a memorial plaque on the cruiser's main deck, while they were being transported to the United States from Europe as part of Operation "Magic Carpet" in November 1945. This plaque was presented to the ship by the citizens of Boise, Idaho, in memory of the 107 crewmembers who lost their lives in the Battle of Cape Esperance, 11-12 October 1942. Note kapok life jackets worn by the Soldiers. Credit: NAVY. | ![]() | A memory, Durham / [by] CG. Credit: Library of Congress. |
![]() | Sketch of a vase from Homeric Troy (from memory) / [by] CG. Credit: Library of Congress. | ![]() | On to the charge! Inscribed to the memory of Major Ringgold . . . . Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Place of memory 3" by Krzysztof Baranski Commentary: "Military cemetery." | "In Loving Memory, United We St" by David Sinofksy Commentary: "In Loving Memory, United We Stand Signed Banner at Ground Zero in New York City." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Baltasar Gracian | Hope has a good memory, gratitude a bad one. |
Charles Dickens | Lord, keep my memory green. |
Elbert Hubbard | Gossip is only the lack of a worthy memory. |
Jonathan Swift | Observation is an old man's memory. |
Marcus T. Cicero | Sweet is the memory of past troubles. |
Quintilian | A liar should have a good memory. |
Stendhal | I have a bad memory for facts. |
William Shakespeare | Memory, the warder of the brain. |
| I'll note you in my book of memory. | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | This I am sure, their civil policy is so new, so dangerous, and so destructive to both rulers and people, that as former ages never could bear the broaching of it; so it may be hoped, those to come, redeemed from the impositions of these Egyptian under-taskmasters, will abhor the memory of such servile flatterers, who, whilst it seemed to serve their turn, resolved all government into absolute tyranny, and would have all men born to, what their mean souls fitted them for, slavery. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Double Acrostic: I sing a place | Carroll, Lewis | Nor can I break the silken knot That binds my memory to the spot And friends too dear to be forgot |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | Her mind, and especially her memory. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Ransack your memory for something which Paris has not. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | He could not summon them to his memory. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | And he came back to the ditch camp with his memory crowded |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | And thus in a few days, by the help of a very faithful memory, I got some insight into their language |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Nations are possessed with an insane ambition to perpetuate the memory of themselves by the amount of hammered stone they leave |
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead | Tom Stoppard | We cross our bridges when we come to them and burn them behind us; leaving nothing but a memory of the smell of smoke and a presumption that our eyes once watered |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Essential to memory storage. (references) | |
The young woman's memory was correct. (references) | ||
Declines in verbal memory also may be an early marker. (references) | ||
Business | The latest decoders have the memory capacity to support interactive television. (references) | |
In the memory market sector, DRAMs dominate sales, comprising 70 percent of demand. (references) | ||
In 1999, Taiwan firms led the memory market sector with a share of over 50 percent. (references) | ||
Economic History | Turkey | There has been no attempt at a hostile takeover by either international or domestic parties in recent memory. (references) |
Ghana | After a period of strained relations in the mid-1980s, U.S.-Ghanaian official relations are stronger than at any other time in recent memory. (references) | |
Australia | There is always strong interest from Australian resellers and distributors for new sources of PC memory, video and sound cards, and storage devices. (references) | |
Human Rights | Mongolia | Each September, the Government pays public respects to the memory of victims of political repression from 1922 through the 1960s. Since 1991, more than 30,000 persons have been absolved of accusations leveled against them. (references) |
Iran | A November 1995 law criminalized dissent and applied the death penalty to offenses such as "attempts against the security of the State, outrage against high-ranking Iranian officials, and insults against the memory of Imam Khomeini and against the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic." U.N. representatives, including the UNSR, and independent human rights organizations, continue to note the absence of procedural safeguards in criminal trials. (references) | |
Political Economy | Argentina | On the other hand, the public's memory of decades of increasing economic chaos culminating in the hyper-inflationary episodes of 1989-90 is still vivid. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | ELECTRICITY, n. The power that causes all natural phenomena not known to be caused by something else. It is the same thing as lightning, and its famous attempt to strike Dr. Franklin is one of the most picturesque incidents in that great and good man's career. The memory of Dr. Franklin is justly held in great reverence, particularly in France, where a waxen effigy of him was recently on exhibition, bearing the following touching account of his life and services to science: "Monsieur Franqulin, inventor of electricity. This illustrious savant, after having made several voyages around the world, died on the Sandwich Islands and was devoured by savages, of whom not a single fragment was ever recovered." Electricity seems destined to play a most important part in the arts and industries. The question of its economical application to some purposes is still unsettled, but experiment has already proved that it will propel a street car better than a gas jet and give more light than a horse. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Karen Shanor | If we miss that REM sleep, and alcohol and a lot of medications cut down the proportion in REM sleep, you actually have memory problems. |
Trisha Meili | My first memory was about five and a half weeks later. So I don't remember any of that, you know, nasty time, really, in the hospital, either. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Monroe | 1817-1825 | The events of that war are too recent and too deeply impressed on the memory of all to require a development from me. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Today, in their memory, and for all who fought here, we celebrate the triumph of democracy. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | But as the Cold War fades into memory, voices of isolation say America should retreat from its responsibilities. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Memory" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.79% of the time. "Memory" is used about 7,596 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.79% | 7,580 | 1,275 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.21% | 16 | 87,710 |
| Total | 100.00% | 7,596 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "memory" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Memory | Last name | 200 | 37,375 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "memory". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Zachariah | N/A | Biblical | Memory of the Lord |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
| Country | Name |
| France | Dane-Elec Memory |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "memory": a tenacious memory ♦ associative memory ♦ associative Memory Parallel Processing Language ♦ auditive memory ♦ base memory ♦ bring back to the memory ♦ bubble memory ♦ buffer memory ♦ buffering memory ♦ burden the memory with ♦ burn into memory ♦ burst Static Random Access Memory ♦ by memory ♦ cache memory ♦ call to memory ♦ CCD memory ♦ central memory ♦ Chakra cellular memory healing ♦ childhood memory ♦ commit memory ♦ commit smth. to memory ♦ commit to memory ♦ committal to memory ♦ committed to memory ♦ computer memory unit ♦ connection random access memory ♦ content addressable memory ♦ conventional memory ♦ core memory ♦ direct Memory Access ♦ disk memory ♦ distributed memory ♦ double Data Rate Random Access Memory ♦ double Data Rate Synchronous Random Access Memory ♦ draw on one's memory ♦ dwell in one's memory ♦ dynamic memory ♦ dynamic random access memory ♦ edo memory ♦ effects memory ♦ enhanced Dynamic Random Access Memory ♦ episodic memory ♦ error correcting memory ♦ expanded memory ♦ expanded memory manager ♦ expanded memory page frame ♦ expanded Memory Specification ♦ extended Data Out Dynamic Random Access Memory ♦ extended Data Out Random Access Memory ♦ extended memory ♦ extended memory manager ♦ extended Memory Specification ♦ external memory ♦ eye memory ♦ fast Page Mode Dynamic Random Access Memory ♦ ferrite core memory ♦ ferroelectric Random Access Memory ♦ fillip smb.'s memory ♦ first in first out memory ♦ fixed memory ♦ flash across the memory ♦ flash memory ♦ from memory ♦ global memory ♦ good memory ♦ have a bad memory ♦ have a good memory ♦ have a memory ♦ having a good memory ♦ high memory area ♦ holographic memory ♦ if my memory serves right ♦ immediate memory ♦ Immunologic Memory ♦ immunological memory ♦ in memory of ♦ in the memory of ♦ inscribe to smb.'s memory ♦ insufficient memory ♦ intermediate memory ♦ jog memory ♦ jog smb.'s memory ♦ keep alive the memory of smb. ♦ keep smb.'s memory green ♦ keep up the memory of ♦ lapse of memory ♦ load the memory with ♦ lose one's memory ♦ loss of memory ♦ main memory ♦ memory access ♦ memory address space ♦ memory aid ♦ memory bank ♦ memory board ♦ memory bounds checking ♦ memory cache ♦ memory capacity ♦ memory capasity ♦ memory cell ♦ memory chip. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "memory": memory-aid, memory-album, memory-bank, memory-based, memory-boosting, memory-chip, memory-deficient, memory-depending, memory-discs, memory-enhancing, memory-failure, memory-how, memory-hungry, memory-image, memory-intensive, memory-jogger, memory-joggers, memory-laden, memory-lapse, memory-like, memory-making, memory-management, memory-mapped, memory-packed, memory-rapacious, memory-recordings, memory-resident, memory-residues, memory-size, memory-slate, memory-snatching, memory-taperecorder, memory-test, memory-tickling, Memory-toss, memory-training, memory-trigger, memory-turned-myth. | |
Ending with "memory": folk-memory. | |
Containing "memory": down-memory-lane, perception-image-memory-illusion, Processor-memory-switch. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
memory | 5,444 | memory foam mattress | 369 |
0x308 cannot memory read word | 3,305 | sd memory card | 334 |
creative memory | 2,480 | ddr memory | 323 |
computer memory | 2,426 | dell memory | 307 |
memory stick | 1,452 | memory book | 303 |
memory card | 1,241 | virtual memory | 289 |
laptop memory | 1,084 | memory game | 288 |
memory test | 984 | corsair memory | 284 |
digital camera memory | 853 | memory price | 269 |
blaster memory | 639 | usb memory | 264 |
sony memory stick | 628 | pc memory | 253 |
memory foam | 598 | spanking memory | 250 |
flash memory | 593 | yugioh forbidden memory |