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Definition: Melanoma |
MelanomaNoun1. Any of several malignant neoplasms (usually of the skin) consisting of melanocytes. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Etymology: Melanoma \Mel`a*no"ma\, noun; Latin plural -nomata. [NL.; Greek expression black -oma.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Health | A form of skin cancer that arises in melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment. Melanoma usually begins in a mole. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Solar radiation is the major causative factor and the risk is related to:
Other risk factors include the "Dysplastic naevus syndrome" which is a familial condition of atypical moles carrying a low to moderate risk of acquiring melanoma.
Features that affect prognosis are tumor thickness in mm (Breslow depth), depth related to skin structures (Clarke), type of melanoma, presence of ulceration, presence of satellite lesions, and presence of regional or distant metastasis.
With regard to tumor thickness at the time of diagnosis: thin melanomas (<0.75mm) have a good prognosis, i.e. they can usually be cured by surgical excision alone; tumors of more than 4 mm thickness at the time of diagnosis are very often metastatic and can show very aggressive growth.
Diagnosis of melanoma requires expert knowledge, as early stages may look identical to harmless moles.
Signs and symtoms of melanoma include:
Surgical excison - usually curative in thin lesions.
Immunotherapy and to a lesser extent chemotherapy may have a somewhat experimental role in advanced tumours.Causation
Exposure during childhood is a more important risk factor than exposure in adulthood. (This is seen in migration studies in Australia where people tend to retain the risk profile of their country of birth if they migrate to Australia as an adult). Fair and red-headed people are at greater risk.Behaviour
Types of melanoma
Symptoms
Treatment
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Melanoma."
Synonym: MelanomaSynonym: malignant melanoma (n). (additional references) |
Crosswords: Melanoma |
| English words defined with "melanoma": malignant melanoma. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "melanoma": Cysteinyldopa ♦ dacarbazine ♦ familial dysplastic nevi ♦ Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle ♦ Iris Neoplasms ♦ junctional nevus ♦ melanoma vaccine ♦ peptide 946 ♦ stage I melanoma, stage II melanoma, stage IV melanoma ♦ uveal melanoma. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Melanoma" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Italian (melanoma), Portuguese (melee), Serbo-Croatian (melanoma), Spanish (melanoma). |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The patient is a 53 year old woman with metastatic melanoma to multiple subcutaneous sites and retroperitoneum. She was treated with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) transduced with the gene for tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Pretreatment biopsy shows multiple live melanoma cells with little lymphoid infiltrate. Following treatment with TNF gene modified TILs plus interleukin-2, a biopsy of another lesion showed massive coagulative necrosis of the tumor with no viable tumor seen. This is a typical picture seen in experimental animals treated with tumor necrosis factor. This patient has had a substantial objective response that is currently ongoing at nine months following initiation of treatment.Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Part of the ABCDs for detection of melanoma. See artwork: WYNTK-15b.Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | Seen is a normal mole with no asymmetry. Part of the ABCDs for detection of melanoma. See artwork: WYNTK-15b.Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | This is advanced malignant melanoma. At the left, one can see a plaque of early, radial growth phase superficial spreading melanoma. To the right, and contiguous with the plaque, is a pink (amelanotic) nodule of deeply invasive vertical growth phase melanoma. Melanomas diagnosed at this stage have a poor prognosis; many of these patients develop metastatic disease and die from their cancer. In the majority of instances, the plaque stage of melanoma is present for a sufficient period of time to permit its diagnosis and removal before it progresses to a more advanced (and more difficult to treat) stage.Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | Superficial spreading melanoma arising from a dysplastic nevus. The 4-by-8-mm, pink-tan lesion with irregular borders at the upper left (arrow) is a dysplastic nevus. Arising from it is an invasive malignant melanoma, with its characteristic blue-black color, notched border, and distorted surface. The gray area at the lower left represents tumor regression.Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Dysplastic nevus evolving into malignant melanoma. This 40-year-old female member of a melanoma-prone family had a cluster of moles located on her back (a), which were believed to represent dysplastic nevi and were photographed to facilitate subsequent follow-up. When reexamined 18 months later, the upper dysplastic nevus (arrow) had developed a new 3-mm black nodule (shown in this slide), which proved to be invasive malignant melanoma arising in a dysplastic nevus.Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | Human melanoma, a type of skin cancer. Magnification x130.Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |  | Precursors to Malignant Melanoma.Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | McGill Cancer Centre Public Lecture Series 1989 : Malignant Melanoma.Credit: National Library of Medicine. | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Familial patterns of melanoma exist. (references) | |
Standard therapy for melanoma is surgical excision. (references) | ||
Melanoma meets most of the criteria for initiating screening. (references) | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Melanoma" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 100.00% of the time. "Melanoma" is used about 90 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 100% | 90 | 34,744 |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "melanoma": malignant melanoma ♦ melanoma vaccine ♦ stage I melanoma ♦ stage II melanoma ♦ stage III melanoma ♦ stage IV melanoma ♦ uveal melanoma. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "melanoma": non-melanoma. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
melanoma | 2,150 | multiple melanoma | 18 |
malignant melanoma | 219 | malignant melanoma picture | 18 |
melanoma picture | 179 | genetics melanoma | 16 |
melanoma cancer | 79 | in melanoma situ | 16 |
melanoma symptom | 64 | choroidal melanoma | 16 |
melanoma skin cancer | 61 | stage of melanoma | 16 |
melanoma treatment | 58 | melanoma pathology | 15 |
metastatic melanoma | 56 | skin melanoma | 14 |
clinical trial for melanoma | 39 | computer melanoma | 14 |
melanoma science | 38 | melanoma vitamin | 13 |
nodular melanoma | 34 | genesis melanoma | 13 |
melanoma research | 32 | laser melanoma | 13 |
melanoma photo | 29 | grant melanoma research | 13 |
melanoma technology | 25 | leading melanoma researcher | 13 |
ocular melanoma | 24 | melanoma trend | 13 |
maligno melanoma | 24 | leading melanoma treatment | 13 |
canine melanoma | 24 | colors melanoma | 13 |
melanoma of the eye | 22 | melanoma sign | 13 |
melanoma and cure | 19 | melanoma vaccine | 12 |
skin cancer melanoma picture | 19 | melanoma thesis | 12 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "melanoma"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | سرطان الجلد, الورم الجلدي. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | melanom. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | melanom (malignant chromatophoroma, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, melanotic tumor, melanotic tumour, naevo-carcinoma). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | melanoom (anthracic carcinoma, cancer anthracinus, malignant chromatophoroma, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, melanocarcinoma, melanoid carcinoma, melanotic cancer, melanotic tumor, melanotic tumour, naevo-carcinoma, nevocarcinoma). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | melanooma (malignant chromatophoroma, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, naevo-carcinoma), maligni melanooma (anthracic carcinoma, cancer anthracinus, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, melanocarcinoma, melanoid carcinoma, melanotic cancer, naevo-carcinoma, nevocarcinoma). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | mélanome (malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, melanocarcinoma, melanoid carcinoma, melanotic cancer). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | Melanom (malignant chromatophoroma, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, naevo-carcinoma). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | μελάνωμα κακόηθες (malignant chromatophoroma, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, naevo-carcinoma), μελάνωμα (anthracic carcinoma, cancer anthracinus, inking, malignant chromatophoroma, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, melanocarcinoma, melanoid carcinoma, melanotic cancer, naevo-carcinoma, nevocarcinoma), μελανωτικόν καρκίνωμα (anthracic carcinoma, cancer anthracinus, malignant chromatophoroma, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, melanocarcinoma, melanoid carcinoma, melanotic cancer, naevo-carcinoma, nevocarcinoma), μελανοκαρκίνωμα (anthracic carcinoma, cancer anthracinus, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, melanocarcinoma, melanoid carcinoma, melanotic cancer, naevo-carcinoma, nevocarcinoma). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | סרטן העור. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | melanóma, fekete daganat. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | melanoma. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 黒色腫 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | こくしょくしゅ. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | elanomamay melanossarcoma (chorio-melanoma, malignant chromatophoroma, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, melanoma of the choroid, naevo-carcinoma), melanona, nevocarcinoma (anthracic carcinoma, cancer anthracinus, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, melanocarcinoma, melanoid carcinoma, melanotic cancer, naevo-carcinoma, nevocarcinoma), deprimido (blue, broken down, dejected, depressed, dumpish, dumpy, hagridden, hangdog, heavy-laden, hipped, low, low-spirited, subdued). (various references) меланоцитома, меланома. (various references) melanoma. (various references) melanoma (malignant chromatophoroma, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, naevo-carcinoma). (various references) melanom (malignant chromatophoroma, malignant melanoma, melanoblastoma, naevo-carcinoma). (various references) เนื้องอกชนิดหนึ่ง. (various references) melanom. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "melanoma": melanomas, melanomata. (additional references) | |
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"Melanoma" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: malanoma, Malendoma, mecanno, melania, melanmoa, melanom, melanome, Meliboia, mellanoma, melocomic, melonoma, metanoia. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "melanoma" (pronounced me'lunō"mu) |
| 5 | -u n ō" m u | carcinoma. |
| 3 | -ō" m u | aroma, coma, diploma, douma, glaucoma, lymphoma, mesothelioma, papilloma, retinoblastoma, soma, stroma. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-a-e-l-m-m-n-o" | |
-1 letter: ammonal. | |
-3 letters: alamo, alane, alone, amole, anole, leman, lemma, lemon, melon. | |
-4 letters: aeon, alae, alan, alma, alme, aloe, amen, ammo, anal, anoa, elan, enol, lama, lame, lane, lean, leno, loam, loan, lone, male, malm, mama, mana, mane, mano, meal, mean, memo, meno, moan, mola, mole, mome, name, nema, noel, noma, nome, olea, omen. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-a-e-l-m-m-n-o" | |
+1 letter: melanomas. | |
+2 letters: melanomata. | |
+3 letters: commandable, megalomania, megalomanic. | |
+4 letters: megalomaniac, megalomanias, nonflammable, somnambulate. | |
+5 letters: assemblywoman, compartmental, megalomaniacs, somnambulated, somnambulates. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)4D 65 6C 61 6E 6F 6D 61 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references)-- . .-.. .- -. --- -- .- |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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| Amazon.com BOOKS: Search for: "melanoma" |
