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Definition: Medical |
MedicalAdjective1. Relating to the study or practice of medicine; "the medical profession"; "a medical student"; "medical school". 2. Requiring or amenable to treatment by medicine especially as opposed to surgery; "medical treatment"; "pheumonia is a medical disease". 3. Of or belonging to Aesculapius or the healing art. Noun1. A thorough physical examination; includes a variety of tests depending on the age and sex and health of the person. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "medical" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Chinese medicine (sometimes known as "TCM," "Traditional Chinese Medicine," or "Traditional Oriental Medicine") is based on the belief that the body will fight off and recover from illnesses when the body is in balance in terms of Yin Yang and the Qi. Despite a long history of practices, Chinese doctors in each generation guarded their knowledge as family secrets. Little of the knowledge was shared in public for peer reviews until the government of the People's Republic of China established modern research and education systems for the discipline. Many westerners considered Chinese medicine unscientific and some even equated it with Voodoo magic. However, recent academic researches in China may help to add some scientific insights on why some treatments are effective. Some doctors are investigating ways to combine Chinese medicine with Western medicine, such as using Chinese medicine to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy when treating cancer patients.Herbs are used heavily in Chinese medicine. Each prescription is a cocktail of many herbs tailored to the individual patient. The herbs are simmered in water over several hours to reduce to a cup of concentrated herbal tea. A typical prescription reduces from eight bowls of water into one bowl of herbal tea (a rice bowl is the usual measuring device in prescriptions.) The doctor usually designs a remedy using one or two main ingredients that target the illness. And then the doctor adds many other ingredients to adjust the formula to the patient's Yin Yang conditions. Sometimes, ingredients are needed to cancel out toxicity or side-effects of the main ingredients. Some herbs require the use of other ingredients as catalyst or else the brew will be ineffective. The latter steps require great experience and knowledge, and make the difference between a good Chinese herbal doctor and an amateur. Unlike western medications, the balance and interaction of all the ingredients are more important than the effect of individual ingredients.
Due to the emphasis on achieving an equilibrium of Yin Yang in the patient's body for it to heal itself, Chinese medicine is believed to be more suitable for treating chronic illnesses than medical emergency.
Many Chinese people trust Chinese medicine more than the western counterpart, especially in the following specialty areas:
See also: Qi -- Qigong -- Chinese five elements -- Chinese medicine balls -- Alternative medicine -- medicine -- Moxa
- Herbal medicine
- Food therapy
- Acupuncture
- Die2Da3 (跌打 lit. fall & strike) - They are specialists in healing bone fractures and cuts, sports injury, bruises etc. Strictly speaking the wound treatment is not a branch of Chinese medicine but a spin-off from a long history of Chinese martial arts. However, these specialists also use regular Chinese medicine heavily if internal injury is involved.
External links
- Chinese medicine- General information about Chinese Medicine
- Modern Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine - Diabetes- Research paper on Modern Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine - Diabetes
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Chinese medicine."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The emergency room is a room, or group of rooms, within a hospital that is designed for the treatment of urgent and medical emergency situations.
Nomenclature
In the United States an emergency room is often referred to by the acronym ER. A hospital with an emergency room will have prominent signage stating EMERGENCY and an arrow to indicate where patients should proceed.
In Great Britain and Australia, this section of the hospital is called the casualty ward, casualty department or (slang) casualty.
In New Zealand this is usually called the Accident and Emergency (A&E) ward.
Definition
By definition, an emergency room has an assigned doctor trained in emergency medicine on duty 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
A smaller facility that may provide assistance in medical emergencies is known as a clinic.
Entering patients are typically triaged by a nurse with training in emergency medicine. Patients are seen in order of medical urgency, not in order of arrival.
The services that are provided in an emergency room can range from simple x-rays and the setting of broken bones to those of a full-scale trauma center. Emergency medical technicians often work as support staff in emergency rooms under the supervision of nurses and doctors.
A patient's chances of survival are greatly improved if emergency care begins within one hour of an accident (such as a car accident) or onset of acute illness (such as a heart attack). This critical time frame is commonly known as the "Golden Hour".
Most emergency rooms in smaller hospitals are located near a helipad which is used to transport a patient to a trauma center. This inter-hospital transfer is often done when a patient requires advanced medical care unavailable at the local facility. In such cases the emergency room can only stabilize the patient for transport.
Emergency rooms around the world are increasingly being used for nonemergent care because of overburdened health care systems. Many people are forced to resort to attending the ER for minor injuries or illnesses if they occur late at night or at times when their doctor is closed.
See also GP
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Emergency room."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This article is about medical science. For substances that treat patients, see drug, medication and pharmacologyIn the context of the anthropology of religion, see Religious Science Practitioner, Church of Christ Scientist, (Christian Science), and medicine (shamanism) for objects with supernatural power and/or the supernatural power that such items possess. A note to contributors: This article is about medicine in general. Please consider adding your contributions about medical topics to individual articles rather than this page (many are linked below, and there are more on the List of medical topics), and please think twice before adding more links here - otherwise this article could easily degenerate into an unreadable list of links.
Medicine is an area of human knowledge concerned with restoring health. It is, in the broadest sense of the term, the science and practice of the prevention and curing of human diseases, and other ailments of the human body or mind. However, it is often used only to refer to those matters dealt with by academically trained physicians and surgeons. There are many traditional and modern methods and schools of healing which are usually not considered to be part of medicine in a strict sense (see health science for an overview).Medicine has two aspects: both as an area of knowledge (a science), and as an application of that knowledge (the medical professions). Evidence-based medicine is an attempt to link these two aspects through the use of the scientific method and techniques derived from safety engineering.
The various specialized branches of the science of medicine correspond to equally specialized medical professions dealing with particular organs or diseases. It may therefore be difficult to distinguish clearly between the science and the profession.
History of medicine
History of medicine -- Timeline of medicine and medical technology Museums & Collections of Health & Medicine
Medical sciences and medical professions
Medicine has both its foundational sciences, and specialized branches dealing with particular organs or diseases. The foundational sciences of medicine frequently overlap with other areas of science (such as veterinary science, biology or chemistry).
The primary medical professions are those of physicians and surgeons. Both professions have many specializations and subspecializations (see below). Dentistry and clinical psychology are separate from medicine in a strict sense, but are both medical fields by the wider definition of the term.
There are also many allied health professions (AHPs): pharmacy, physiotherapy, speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, dietetics and bioengineering.
Basic, supplementary and related sciences
- Anatomy is the study of the physical structure of organisms. In contrast to macroscopic or gross anatomy, cytology and histology are concerned with microscopic structures.
- Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry taking place in living organisms, especially the structure and function of their chemical components.
- Bioethics is a field of study which concerns the relationship between biology, science, medicine and ethics, philosophy and theology.
- Biostatistics is the application of statistics to biological fields in the broadest sense. A knowledge of biostatistics is essential in the planning, evaluation and interpretation of medical research. It is also fundamental to epidemiology and evidence-based medicine.
- Cytology is the microscopic study of individual cells.
- Embryology is the study of the early development of organisms.
- Epidemiology is the study of the demographics of disease processes, and includes, but is not limited to, the study of epidemics.
- Public health
- Genetics is the study of genes, and their role in biological inheritance.
- Histology is the study of the structures of biological tissues by light microscopy, electron microscopy and histochemistry.
- Immunology is the study of the immune system, which includes the innate and adaptive immune system in human, for example.
- Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, including protozoa, bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
- Neuroscience is a comprehensive term for those disciplines of science that are related to the study of the nervous system. A main focus of neuroscience is the biology and physiology of the human brain.
- Pathology is the study of disease - the causes, course, progression and resolution thereof.
- Anatomical pathology -- Biochemical pathology -- Forensic Pathology
- Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their actions.
- Physiology is the study of the normal functioning of the body.
- Toxicology is the study of hazardous effects of drugs and poisons.
Diagnostic and imaging specialties
- Clinical biochemistry
- Clinical microbiology is concerned with the in vitro diagnosis of pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa.
- Radiology is concerned with imaging of the human body, e.g. by x-ray, x-ray computed tomography, ultrasonography and nuclear magnetic resonance tomography.
- Interventional radiology
- Nuclear Medicine In nuclear medicine, radioactive substances are used for in vivo and in vitro diagnostics. Another field of nuclear medicine is radiation therapy, i.e. the therapeutic use of radioactive substances as well as other sources of ionizing radiation.
Disciplines of clinical medicine
- Anesthesiology is the clinical discipline concerned with providing anesthesia as well as the field of research associated with it.
- Dermatology is concerned with the skin and its diseases.
- Emergency Medicine is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of acute or life-threatening conditions, including trauma, surgical, medical, pediatric, and psychiatric emergencies.
- General practice or family medicine or primary care
- Intensive care medicine is concerned with the therapy of patients with serious and life-threatening disease or injury. Intensive care medicine employs invasive diagnostic techniques and (temporary) replacement of organ functions by technical means.
- Internal medicine is concerned with diseases of inner organs and systemic dieseases, i.e. such that affect the body as a whole. There are several subdisciplines of internal medicine:
- Cardiology is concerned with the heart and cardiovascular system and their diseases.
- Gastroenterology is concerned with the organs of digestion.
- Endocrinology is concerned with the endocrine system, i.e. endocrine glands and hormones.
- Haematology or hematology is concerned with the blood and its diseases.
- Infectiology is concerned with the study, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
- Nephrology is concerned with diseases of the kidneys.
- Oncology is devoted to the study, diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other malignant diseases.
- Pneumology is concerned with diseases of the lungs.
- Rheumatology is devoted to the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases.
- Neurology is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system diseases.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB/GYN) are concerned respectively with childbirth and the female reproductive and associated organs.
- Ophthalmology deals with the diseases of the eye and their treatment.
- Otolaryngology or otorhinolaryngology or ENT (ear-nose-throat) medicine is a branch of medicine that specialises in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose and throat disorders.
- Pediatrics or paediatrics is devoted to the care of infants and children.
- Preventive Medicine
- Community Health Care -- Occupational Medicine
- Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that studies and treats mental and emotional disorders.
- Psychotherapy -- Clinical psychology
- Surgical specialties
- There are many medical disciplines that employ operative treatment. Some of these are highly specialized and are often not considered subdisciplines of surgery, although their naming might suggest so.
- General surgery
- Abdominal surgery -- Vascular surgery -- Endoscopic surgery or Minimally invasive surgery -- Laparoscopic surgery (keyhole surgery)
- Cardiothoracic surgery is the surgical specialty that is concerned with the organs of the chest, including the lungs, the heart, and major blood vessels.
- Neurosurgery is concerned with the operative tratment of diseases of the nervous system.
- Maxillofacial surgery -- Oral surgery
- Orthopedic surgery -- Trauma surgery or Traumatology
- Pediatric surgery
- Plastic surgery includes aesthetic surgery (operations that are done for other than medical purposes) as well as reconstructive surgery (operations to restore function and/or appearance after traumatic or operative mutilation).
- Transfusion medicine is concerned with the transfusion of blood and blood components.
- Urology focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the male reproductive system.
Teaching of medicine
Medical training is long and grueling, involving several years of university study followed by several more years of residential practice at a hospital. Most medical students spend some time as an intern -- a medical apprenticeship -- supervised by other, more experienced doctors. Entry to a medical degree in some countries (such as the United States) requires the completion of another degree first, while in other countries (such as the United Kingdom) medical training can be commenced as an undergraduate degree immediately after secondary education.
The name of the medical degree gained at the end varies: some countries (e.g. the US) call it 'Doctor of Medicine' (abbreviated 'M.D.'), while others (e.g. Australia, Pakistan) call it 'Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery (Chirurgie)' (a double degree, frequently abbreviated 'M.B.B.S' or 'M.B.B.Ch.'). In either case graduates of a medical degree may call themselves doctor. In many countries, a doctorate of medicine is not a PhD which requires original research, but is like a doctorate in law (J.D.) or theology (Th.D.).
A graduate can then enter general practice and become a general practitioner; or they can specialise in any one of a number of medical fields, and become a specialist; or they can become a surgeon. No matter what they choose, even more training is involved.
Legal restrictions
In most countries, it is prohibited to practice medicine without a proper degree in that field and doctors must be licensed by a medical board or some other equivalent organization. This is meant as a safeguard against charlatans. Occasionally, this has been seen as an obstacle to proponents of alternative medicines or faith healing.
Institutions in medicine
Clinic -- Hospital -- Hospice
Related topics
Nursing -- Midwifery -- Dentistry -- Alternative medicine -- Chinese medicine -- Sanitary professions -- Healthcare system -- medical equipment -- Nutrition science
See also
Big killers -- Rare diseases
Entries not yet sorted
Medical Informatics -- Medical Computer Science -- Pain therapy -- Palliative care -- Reproduction medicine -- Sanitation -- Nosology -- Telemedicine -- eHealth -- Consumer Health Informatics -- Telehealth -- Aerospace Medicine -- Physiatry and Rehabiliation medicine -- Forensic medicine -- AndrologySource: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Medicine."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Surgery is the medical specialty that treats diseases or injuries by operative manual and instrumental treatment. Its practitioners are referred to as surgeons.
History of surgery
Although surgeons are now considered to be specialised physicians, the profession of surgeon and that of physician have different historical roots. For example, the Hippocratic Oath warns physicians against practicing surgery (in particular surgery to relieve kidney stones), which was to be left to specialized craftsmen.
- mention ancient surgery: trepanning etc.
Among the first surgeons were battlefield doctors in the Napoleonic Wars who were primarily concerned with amputation. Naval surgeons were often barber-surgeons, who combined surgery with their main jobs as barbers.
In London an Operating Theatre or []Emergency Room ]] from the day before modern anaesthesia or antiseptic surgery still exists and is open to the public. Is is found in the roof space of St Thomas Church and is called the Old Operating Theatre.
Development of modern surgery
- to be written
- mention Ambrose Pare
Common surgical procedures
Of the eight most common surgical procedures in the US, four are obstetric: episiotomy, repair of obstetric laceration, cesarean section, and artificial rupture of the amniotic membrane.According to 1996 data from the US National Center for Health Statistics, 40.3 million inpatient surgical procedures were performed in the United States in 1996, followed closely by 31.5 million outpatient surgeries.
Noted surgeons
- Christiaan Barnard
- Joaquín Barraquer
- Norman Bethune (1890-1939), battlefield surgery.
- Michael E. DeBakey
- William deVries
- David Hayes Agnew
- William Jardine
- Walter Karl Koch
- Sushruta
- George H. Tichenor
- Realdo Colombo (c. 1516-1559)
- Abraham Colles (1773-1843)
See also
- medicine, biomaterial
- General Surgery, plastic surgery, Abdominal surgery, Laparoscopic surgery, Traumatology, Sexual reassignment surgery, dental surgery
- List of surgical procedures
External links
- WikiMed, substantial German wiki about surgery
Other meanings
A surgery can be a place where surgery is performed, or simply the office of a physician, dentist, or veterinarian.In British English, a surgery is a regular time scheduled by a Member of Parliament to meet with her constituents and discuss their concerns.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Surgery."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| ME | English | Medical Examiner | Medicine |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: MedicalSynonyms: aesculapian (adj), checkup (n), health check (n), medical checkup (n), medical exam (n), medical examination (n). (additional references) |
| Antonym: surgical (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Learner | Undergraduate; graduate student; law student; medical student; pre-med; post-doctoral student, post-doc; matriculated student; part-time student, night student, auditor. |
Life | Respirator, artificial respirator, heart and lung machine, iron lung; medical devices . |
Remedy | Treatment, medical treatment, regimen; dietary, dietetics; vis medicatrix, vis medicatrix naturae; medecine expectante; bloodletting, bleeding, venesection, phlebotomy, cupping, sanguisae, leeches; operation, surgical operation; transfusion, infusion, intravenous infusion, catheter, feeding tube; |
Noun: remedy, help, cure, redress; medicine, medicament; diagnosis, medical examination; medical treatment; surgery; preventive medicine. | |
Doctor, physician, surgeon; general practitioner, specialist; medical attendant, apothecary, druggist; leech; osteopath, osteopathist; optometrist, ophthalmologist; internist, oncologist, gastroenterologist; epidemiologist, public health specialist; dermatologist; podiatrist; witch doctor, shaman, faith healer, quack, exorcist; Aesculapius, Hippocrates, Galen; accoucheur, accoucheuse, midwife, oculist, aurist; operator; nurse, registered nurse, practical nurse, monthly nurse, sister; nurse's aide, candystriper; dresser; bonesetter; pharmaceutist, pharmacist, druggist, chemist, pharmacopolist. | |
Adjective: remedial; restorative; corrective, palliative, healing; sanatory, sanative; prophylactic, preventative, immunizing; salutiferous; (salutary); medical, medicinal; therapeutic, chirurgical, epulotic, paregoric, tonic, corroborant, analeptic, balsamic, anodyne, hypnotic, neurotic, narcotic, sedative, lenitive, demulcent, emollient; depuratory; detersive, detergent; abstersive, disinfectant, febrifugal, alterative; traumatic, vulnerary. | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I don't believe that man's ever been to medical school (Toy Story; writing credit: John Lasseter; Andrew Stanton) I didn't go to Evil Medical School for 6 years to be called Mister (Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery; writing credit: Mike Myers) A medical student (Look Who's Talking; writing credit: Amy Heckerling) It's not good to hold it in. I read that in a medical journal (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) Beyond the fact that you are a brilliant Jewish physician who was born in Hungary and studied for a while in Paris, and that certain radical theories of yours have alienated the respectable medical community so that you have severed your connections with various hospitals and branches of the medical fraternity, beyond this I can deduce little (The Seven-Per-Cent Solution; writing credit: Arthur Conan Doyle; Nicholas Meyer) | |
Lyrics | Medical students around the world were known to say in times of mishaps, (Mephisto and Kevin; performing artist: Primus) The medical association's board of ethics stripped him of all his creditials, and his reputation was ruined (Mephisto and Kevin; performing artist: Primus) | |
Clever | The Christian's Bible is a drug store. Its contents remain the same, but the medical practice changes. (references; author: Mark Twain) Patient's medical history has been remarkably insignificant with only a 40 pound weight gain in the past three days. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Medical Center (1969) The Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps and the Royal Canadian Dental Corps (1950) A Medical Mystery (1925) Medical Gymnastics (1901) Dr. G: Medical Examiner (2003) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
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Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies |
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Music |
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High Tech |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Seen are two young girls with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) with a medical technician who is taking a blood sample from one of the girls while the other one looks on. The girls have undergone chemotherapy. Credit: Bill Branson (photographer). |  | One of the many uses for the laser in medical research is as a light source to detect premalignant and malignant cells in a Pap smear. Shown here are gynecologic cells passing in a stream through the laser beam where each cell is analyzed. Abnormal-appearing cells can be sorted from the rest of the cells and later examined by a pathologist for evidence of cancer. Credit: Unknown photographer/artist. |
 | Pictured here is a trial run of a patient taken from CDC to a nearby medical center. A doctor is administering care to the patient with supportive help from the Isolation Unit medical staff. Credit: CDC. |  | Newly built hospital at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC. Credit: CDC. |
 | Preliminary steps for rescue of crewman with medical emergency from MILLER FREEMAN by helicopter. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Lieutenant Cindy McFee having blood drawn as part of medical experiment. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Left to right: Dr. Louet, medical doctor to the Prince; H. Bouree; J. Richard; L . Tinayre; M. Malglaive; A. Ranc; and A. Fuhrmeister, personal secretary to the Prince. Plate IV, print 4. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | On board at Bergen, from left to right: H. Neuville, of the Natural History Museum at Paris; Professor Brandt of the University of Kiel; A. Fuhrmeister, secretary to the Prince; the artist Lovatelli; and the medical doctor, Dr. Baraduc. Plate IV, print 16. In: "Results of the Scientific Campaigns of the Prince of Monaco." Vol. 89. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
 | A severely injured sailor from the USS Cole is taken from an ambulance at Ramstein Air Base, Germany, Oct. 15, and loaded aboard a C-141 Starlifter by medical personnel from Landstuhl Regional Medical Center. The injured sailor is being transported to the. |  | Edmond Pope (center), the American businessman convicted of spying by the Russian government, arrived at Ramstein Air base, Germany, Dec. 14 following his release from prison. The 54-year-old retired Navy officer was to receive a medical evaluation at ne. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Medical supplies" by Roger Mexico Commentary: "Medical supplies on a cartwheel." | "Dentalseries 2" by Peter Skadberg Commentary: "Medical tools used by dentist. HIGH RES PHOTO FREE UPON REQUEST." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Latex; gloves; hygiene; sanitary; protection; medical; doctor. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Denis Leary | Most people think life sucks, and then you die. Not me. I beg to differ. I think life sucks, then you get cancer, then your dog dies, your wife leaves you, the cancer goes into remission, you get a new dog, you get remarried, you owe ten million dollars in medical bills but you work hard for thirty-five years and you pay it back and then -- one day -- you have a massive stroke, your whole right side is paralyzed, you have to limp along the streets and speak out of the left side of your mouth and drool but you go into rehabilitation and regain the power to walk and the power to talk and then -- one day -- you step off a curb at Sixty-seventh Street, and BANG you get hit by a city bus and then you die. Maybe. |
Samuel Butler | Vaccination is the medical sacrament corresponding to baptism. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
United Nations | 1948 | Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. (reference) |
Roe v. Wade | 1973 | For the stage prior to approximately the end of the first trimester, the abortion decision and its effectuation must be left to the medical judgment of the pregnant woman's attending physician. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Mrs. Churchill had been recommended to the medical skill of an eminent person there, and had otherwise a fancy for the place |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | It appeared to contain medical preparations, one of which he mingled with a cup of water |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | They spoke of two friends who had passed the final medical examination, of the chances of getting places on ocean liners, of poor and rich practices |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | One benefit is medical. (references) | |
Pre-existing medical conditions. (references) | ||
Need medical care all their lives. (references) | ||
Business | GENCO disposes of some hazardous medical wastes. (references) | |
Major growth is also expected in the medical sector. (references) | ||
Nearly 96 percent of all medical equipment is imported. (references) | ||
Children | Bulgaria | Children in these institutions also do not have adequate access to medical care. (references) |
Bahrain | Limited medical services for infants and preadolescents are provided free of charge. (references) | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Children with disabilities lack sufficient medical care and educational opportunities. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Yemen | The trial was suspended to allow Ba Sharahil to undergo medical treatment. (references) |
Germany | In a number of cases, there also were exceptions made for medical reasons. (references) | |
Russia | Authorities rarely released passengers from the transit zone, unless there was a medical emergency. (references) | |
Economic History | Spain | There is zero duty on medical devices. (references) |
Ukraine | Receptivity to used medical equipment is lukewarm. (references) | |
Indonesia | The competition in the medical market is very high. (references) | |
Human Rights | Algeria | The provision of medical treatment remained limited. (references) |
Madagascar | The authorities do not provide adequate medical care. (references) | |
Botswana | The refugee applicant received medical treatment for his injuries. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Brazil | Due partly to the Government's failure to provide adequate medical care as required by law, indigenous people have suffered epidemics of malaria, measles, and tuberculosis. (references) |
Paraguay | Other significant problems facing the indigenous population include lack of shelter and medical care, economic displacement resulting from other groups' development and modernization, and malnutrition. (references) | |
Minorities | Kuwait | Bidoon pay more for medical care than citizens do, although less than third-country residents. (references) |
Political Economy | Cuba | Prisoners died in jail due to lack of medical care. (references) |
PARAGUAY | Expiration dates must be printed on medical products and some consumer goods. (references) | |
EGYPT | Child workers are also required to obtain medical certificates and work permits before they are employed. (references) | |
Political Rights | Cote d'Ivoire | Former President Bedie was disqualified for not submitting a proper medical certificate. (references) |
Nigeria | The Constitution outlaws the seizure of the Government by force and contains provisions for the removal of the President, Vice President, ministers, legislators, and state government officials for gross misconduct or medical reasons. (references) | |
Trade | Turkey | The obligatory standards cover goods ranging from foodstuffs to medical equipment. (references) |
Travel | Guyana | Health: Medical care is inadequate in Guyana. (references) |
Turkey | Cutting edge medical care does not exist in Turkey. (references) | |
Bulgaria | Visitors must pay cash for medical and health services. (references) | |
Women | Morocco | Medical certificates are not sufficient. (references) |
Gabon | Only limited medical and legal assistance was available. (references) | |
Japan | These women also received medical and welfare assistance from the AWF. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Bhutan | Workers are entitled to free medical care within the country. (references) |
Kuwait | Many employers deduct the medical fees from employees' salaries. (references) | |
Ecuador | They involved public sector employees such as medical, prison, and registry workers. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | GRAVE, n. A place in which the dead are laid to await the coming of the medical student. Beside a lonely grave I stood -- With brambles 'twas encumbered; The winds were moaning in the wood, Unheard by him who slumbered, A rustic standing near, I said: "He cannot hear it blowing!" "'Course not," said he: "the feller's dead -- He can't hear nowt [sic] that's going." "Too true," I said; "alas, too true -- No sound his sense can quicken!" "Well, mister, wot is that to you? -- The deadster ain't a-kickin'." I knelt and prayed: "O Father, smile On him, and mercy show him!" That countryman looked on the while, And said: "Ye didn't know him." Pobeter Dunko |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Geoff Shank | Mr. King, I knew he was committing himself and he was somewhat incoherent when he was doing so, but the medical parameters surrounding that self-admission, I'm not sure what those are. |
Rush Limbaugh | Why, half of Canada comes down here to try to get medical coverage or for major surgery because of how long the waiting list is at home. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Opportunities for a good education and adequate medical care must be generally available. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | For our older citizens have longer and more frequent illnesses, higher hospital and medical bills and too little income to pay them. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | Our Nation, too, is rightfully proud of our medical advances. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | Hospital and medical services in America are among the best in the world, but the cost of a serious and extended illness can quickly wipe out a family's lifetime savings. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | The food supplements under WIC have been shown to effectively prevent ill health and thereby reduce later medical costs. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | We can make crystals of exceptional purity to produce super computers, creating jobs, technologies, and medical breakthroughs beyond anything we ever dreamed possible. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | America's families deserve the world's best medical care. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | America sets the standard for scientific research, engineering skill, and medical innovation. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Medical" is generally used as an adjective (general or positive) -- approximately 99.98% of the time. "Medical" is used about 9,326 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 99.98% | 9,324 | 1,021 |
| Noun (singular) | 0.02% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 9,326 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Canada | Canadian Medical Laboratories Limited | France | Bastide le Confort Medical |
| Germany | Fresenius Medical Care A.G. | Greece | Athens Medical Center |
| Hong Kong | SIIC Medical Science & Technology (Group) Ltd | Israel | Elbit Medical Imaging Limited |
| Japan | Hitachi Medical Corporation | Singapore | Raffles Medical Group Limited |
| South Africa | Moulded Medical Supplies Limited | Sweden | Althin Medical AB |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "medical": Academic Medical Centers ♦ accident having only a medical origin ♦ accredited medical conclusion ♦ active implantable medical device ♦ American Medical Association ♦ as a medical student he walked all the hospitals ♦ aviation medical examiner ♦ certificate of medical fitness ♦ chief medical ♦ collective medical pratice ♦ Competitive Medical Plans ♦ continuing medical education ♦ Cornell Medical Index ♦ Coroners and Medical Examiners ♦ direct medical cost ♦ Durable Medical Equipment ♦ Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems ♦ emergency medical services ♦ emergency medical technician ♦ Emergency Medical Technicians ♦ European Network on MEdical Radiographic Equipment CHaracterisation ♦ fixed medical treatment facility ♦ force medical officer ♦ Foreign Medical Graduates ♦ give one's medical ♦ industrial,scientific,and medical ♦ Iroquois medical botany ♦ major medical insurance ♦ major medical plan ♦ medical adverse drug reaction message ♦ medical aid ♦ medical annex ♦ medical assessment ♦ Medical Assistance ♦ medical assistant ♦ medical attendance ♦ Medical Audit ♦ medical bag ♦ medical bill ♦ medical board ♦ medical building ♦ medical bulletin ♦ medical card ♦ medical care ♦ medical castration ♦ medical center ♦ medical centre ♦ medical certificate ♦ medical certification ♦ medical checkup ♦ medical clinic ♦ medical community ♦ medical corps ♦ medical corps. ♦ medical corpsman ♦ medical devices ♦ medical devices agency ♦ medical diagnosis ♦ Medical Dianetics ♦ medical director ♦ medical doctor ♦ medical dressing ♦ medical education ♦ Medical Education Network ♦ Medical Errors ♦ medical evidence ♦ medical exam ♦ medical examination ♦ medical examination for military service ♦ medical examiner ♦ medical expense ♦ medical extern ♦ medical fitness ♦ Medical Futility ♦ medical goods ♦ Medical graphology ♦ medical history ♦ Medical Illustration ♦ Medical Indigency ♦ Medical Informatics ♦ Medical Informatics Applications ♦ Medical Informatics Computing ♦ medical information bus ♦ medical inspection ♦ medical institution ♦ medical instrument ♦ medical insurance ♦ medical intern ♦ medical jurisprudence ♦ medical kit ♦ medical laboratory ♦ Medical Lake ♦ medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System ♦ medical man ♦ Medical Office Buildings ♦ medical officer ♦ medical oncologist ♦ Medical Oncology ♦ medical orderly ♦ Medical palmistry ♦ medical practice. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "medical": medical-athletic, medical-bed, medical-benefit, medical-diagnostic, medical-legal, medical-moral, medical-nursing, medical-pharmaceutical, medical-research, medical-school, medical-surgical. | |
Ending with "medical": bio-medical, non-medical, para-medical, socio-medical. | |
Containing "medical": pre-medical program. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
medical | 10,013 | medical journal | 950 |
medical dictionary | 9,766 | medical malpractice | 938 |
american medical association | 3,984 | medical clipart | 890 |
medical supply | 2,927 | medical uniform | 826 |
medical information | 2,819 | medical specialty | 793 |
medical insurance | 2,758 | medical diagnosis | 755 |
medical school | 2,354 | california medical board | 718 |
medical question | 2,068 | medical coding | 704 |
medical terminology | 1,895 | medical transcriptionist | 699 |
medical billing | 1,887 | medical career | 697 |
medical advice | 1,885 | medical abbreviation | 690 |
medical transcription | 1,723 | medical info | 616 |
medical terms | 1,508 | medical condition | 602 |
medical encyclopedia | 1,302 | medical billing software | 591 |
medical symptom | 1,294 | medical product | 589 |
family medical leave act | 1,272 | medical record | 543 |
medical equipment | 1,216 | medical book | 533 |
medical job | 1,178 | medical scrubs | 519 |
online medical dictionary | 1,052 |
