Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definition: Material |
MaterialAdjective1. Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests; "material possessions"; "material wealth"; "material comforts". 2. Derived from or composed of matter; "the material universe". 3. Directly relevant to a matter especially a law case; "his support made a material difference"; "evidence material to the issue at hand"; "facts likely to influence the judgment are called material facts"; "a material witness". 4. Concerned with or affecting physical as distinct from intellectual or psychological well-being; "material needs"; "the moral and material welfare of all good citizens"- T.Roosevelt. 5. Having material or physical form or substance; "that which is created is of necessity corporeal and visible and tangible" - Benjamin Jowett. 6. Having substance or capable of being treated as fact; not imaginary; "the substantial world"; "a mere dream, neither substantial nor practical"; "most ponderous and substantial things"- Shakespeare. Noun1. The tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object; "coal is a hard black material"; "wheat is the stuff they use to make bread". 2. Information (data or ideas or observations) that can be reworked into a finished form; "the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography". 3. Things needed for doing or making something; "writing materials"; "useful teaching materials". 4. Artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers. 5. A person judged suitable for admission or employment; "he was university material"; "she was vice-presidential material". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "material" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1258. (references) |
Etymology: Material \Ma*te"ri*al\, adjective. [Latin materialis, from materia stuff, matter: compare to French mat['e]riel. See Matter, and compare to Mat['E]riel.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Satire | MATERIAL, adj. Having an actual existence, as distinguished from an imaginary one. Important. Material things I know, or fell, or see; All else is immaterial to me. Jamrach Holobom. Source: Devil's Dictionary. |
Metallurgy | The substance or substances of which an object is made or composed. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Materials are inputs to production or manufacturing. They are often raw - that is unprocessed, but are sometimes processed before being used in more advanced production processes. In general, in technologically advanced societies, the materials are not finished consumer goods.
Some important materials
- Metals, mining, metallurgy
- Petroleum, History of the Petroleum Industry
- gas
- coal
- rubber
- plastic
- ceramics
- glass
- cement
- stone
- salt
- paper
- lumber
- textiles
- leather
- bone
See also
- technology
- history of science and technology
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Material."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Materials science includes those parts of chemistry, physics, geology, and even biology that deal with the physical properties of materials. It is usually considered an applied science, in which the properties under study have some industrial purpose.Materials science encompasses all classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals and metallurgy, ceramics, semiconductors and other electronic materials, polymers, and Biomaterials. Metallurgy and ceramics have long and separate histories as engineering disciplines, but because the science that underlies these disciplines applies to all classes of materials, materials science is recognized as a distinct discipline.
Materials science is related to materials engineering, which tends to focus on processing techniques (casting, rolling, welding, ion implantation, crystal growth, thin-film deposition, sintering, glassblowing, etc.), analytical techniques (electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy (HEFIB) etc.), materials design, and cost/benefit tradeoffs in industrial production of materials.
Core Topics in Materials Science:
Thermodynamics, for phase stability, phase transformations and phase diagrams.
Kinetics, applied to the rates of phase transformations and diffusion.
Crystallography and the use of diffraction techniques for phase identification.
Solid state chemistry, for understanding the synthesis, stucture and phase relationships of solids
Solid-state mechanics, for understanding plastic deformation of solids and fracturing.
Solid-state physics, for understanding electrical properties of materials.
Defects in crystals, such as grain boundaries and dislocations, and their effects on physical properties.
See also:
- Timeline of materials technology
- Bio-based materials
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Materials science."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| MAN | English | Material as needed | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: MaterialSynonyms: corporeal (adj), real (adj), substantial (adj), cloth (n), fabric (n), stuff (n), textile (n). (additional references) |
| Antonyms: immaterial (adj), incorporeal (adj), insubstantial (adj). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Evidence | Witness, indicator, hostile witness; eyewitness, earwitness, material witness, state's evidence; deponent; sponsor; cojuror. |
Signature, seal; (identification); exhibit, material evidence, objective evidence. | |
Idea | Noun: subject of thought, material for thought; food for the mind, mental pabulum. |
Importance | Adjective: important; of importance; Noun: momentous, material; to the point; not to be overlooked, not to be despised, not to be sneezed at; egregious; weighty; (influential); of note; (repute); notable, prominent, salient, signal; memorable, remarkable; unforgettable; worthy of remark, worthy of notice; never to be forgotten; stirring, eventful. |
Insulation, Fire extinction | {ant. of } insulation, incombustible material, noncombustible material; fire retardant, flame retardant; fire wall, fire door. |
MATERIALITY | Matter, body, substance, brute matter, stuff, element, principle, parenchyma, material, substratum, hyle, corpus, pabulum; frame. |
Adjective: material, bodily; corporeal, corporal; physical; somatic, somatoscopic; sensible, tangible, ponderable, palpable, substantial. | |
Materials | Noun: material, raw material, stuff, stock, staple; adobe, brown stone; chinking; clapboard; daubing; puncheon; shake; shingle, bricks and mortar; metal; stone; clay, brick crockery; compo, composition; concrete; reinforced concrete, cement; wood, ore, timber. |
Nonpreparation | Rough copy; (plan); germ; raw material. |
Smallness | Small quan modicum, trace, hint, minimum; vanishing point; material point, atom, particle, molecule, corpuscle, point, speck, dot, mote, jot, iota, ace; minutiae, details; look, thought, idea, soupcon, dab, dight, whit, tittle, shade, shadow; spark, scintilla, gleam; touch, cast; grain, scruple, granule, globule, minim, sup, sip, sop, spice, drop, droplet, sprinkling, dash, morceau, screed, smack, tinge, tincture; inch, patch, scantling, tatter, cantlet, flitter, gobbet, mite, bit, morsel, crumb, seed, fritter, shive; snip, snippet; snick, snack, snatch, slip, scrag; chip, chipping; shiver, sliver, driblet, clipping, paring, shaving, hair. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I prefer to do my own material. (Seinfeld; writing credit: Andreas Lenze; Bea Schmidt) The quaint houses of rice paper, sir: they were made of paper because there was no other material available (Conquest of Space; writing credit: Chesley Bonestell; Willy Ley) Listen, looking at it very simply musicology and ethnically, the Rutles were essentially Imperical maleonglece of a rhythmically radical yet verbally passé and temporally transcended lyrically content welded with historically innovative melodical material transposed and transmogrified by the ankus of the Rutland ethic experience which elevated them from essentially alpha exponents of in essence merely beta potential harmonic material into the prime cultural exponents of Aloin condensic comic standard form (The Rutles; writing credit: Eric Idle) Yesterday the material in that container was giving a danger-point radiation reading (X the Unknown; writing credit: Jimmy Sangster) Yeah, the guy's Ph.D material alright (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze; writing credit: Kevin Eastman; Peter Laird) | |
Lyrics | Though his heart was once real, now material has filled (Deception; performing artist: Blackalicious) So much hope for material things (Giving Him Something He Can Feel; performing artist: En Vogue) 'Cause we're living in a material world ("Material Girl"; performing artist: Madonna) Honey I ain't impressed with those material things ((It's Just) The Way That You Love Me; performing artist: Paula Abdul) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Material Witness (1965) Raw Material (1955) | |
Song Titles | Material Girl (performing artist: Madonna) Spirits In The Material World (performing artist: The Police) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
This schematic illustration shows how a human therapeutic gene is inserted into a deactivated mouse retrovirus. The retrovirus then attaches to and empties its genetic material into a patient's cell (in the laboratory). The therapeutic human gene is integrated into the patient's DNA and replaces the "defective" gene, in the treatment for ADA. See artwork: GR-10. Credit: Jeannie Kelly (artist). | This is a scanning electron microscope image from normal circulating human blood. One can see red blood cells, several white blood cells including lymphocytes, a monocyte, a neutrophil, and many small disc-shaped platelets. Red cells are nonnucleated, and contain hemoglobin, containing iron an important protein which allows the cell to carry oxygen to other parts of the body. They also carry away carbon dioxide from the lungs. The infection-fighting white blood cells, are classified in 2 main groups: granular and agranular. Granulocytes are formed in bone marrow, agranulocytes are produced by lymph nodes and spleen. There are two types of agranulocytes: lymphocytes, fight disease by producing antibodies and thus destroying foreign material, and monocytes. Platelets are tiny cells formed in bone marrow and are necessary for blood clotting. Credit: Bruce Wetzel (photographer). Harry Schaefer (phot. | ||
Buboes are due to the swelling of lymph nodes after they've absorbed infective material as seen here in a case of plague. Credit: CDC. | Normal iron stores are seen as dark blue-staining material in the bone marrow. A person unable to maintain a balanced, iron-rich diet may suffer from some degree of Iron Deficiency Anemia, or IDA. Credit: CDC. | ||
A star 40 times more massive than the Sun is blowing a giant bubble of material into space. In ... Credit: NASA. | The highest velocity material expelled in a cataclysmic, stellar explosion 10 years ago has ... Credit: NASA. | ||
![]() | Natural marsh area adjacent to dredged material deposition area - Open area will be colonized by plants and become productive habitat. Credit: America's Coastlines. | ![]() | Tabby ruins at Chocolate on the northwest side of the island. Tabby refers to the building material which is a durable cement-like mixture of equal parts of water, sand, shell, and lime. These ruins are part of an antebellum plantation that was deserted following the Civil War. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
![]() | Launch 15 transporting material for a signal on a gray day. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. | ![]() | Immersing specimen material in liquid nitrogen to preserve for future studies. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
![]() | ![]() |
| "Jean material" by Ariel C. Commentary: "Jean material." | "Raku ceramics" by Frank Mortensen Commentary: "This is the best part of the Raku prosess, i take the ceramics out of the oven when its about 800 degres Celcius and put it in combustable material." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption | Play | Caption |
| Quick shuffle rhythm with very stiff melodic material. | West African percussion style with South American melodic material played on a synthesizer. | ||
| A major etude using arpeggiated chords and melodic material contrapuntally. | |||
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Author Unknown | A hard fall means a high bounce... If you're made of the right material. |
Douglas William Jerrold | There is peace more destructive of the manhood of living man than war is destructive of his material body. |
E. J. Hobsbawm | Historians are to nationalism what poppy-growers in Pakistan are to heroin-addicts: we supply the essential raw material for the market. |
J. Robert Oppenheimer | In the material sciences these are and have been, and are most surely likely to continue to be heroic days. |
John Locke | Reading furnishes the mind only with material for knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours. |
Joseph Joubert | Without the spiritual world the material world is a disheartening enigma. |
Mikhail A. Bakunin | The subordination of labor to capital is the source of all slavery: political, moral and material. |
Phillips Brooks | Life comes before literature, as the material always comes before the work. The hills are full of marble before the world blooms with statues. |
St. Thomas Aquinas | Man should not consider his material possession his own, but as common to all, so as to share them without hesitation when others are in need. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | And as in material, so also in intellectual production. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | Such arms, munitions and war material will be destroyed or rendered useless. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | The dark ages may return, the Stone Age may return on the gleaming wings of science, and what might now shower immeasurable material blessings upon mankind, may even bring about its total destruction. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
United Nations | 1948 | Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. (reference) |
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. | 1963 | One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. (Delivered on the steps at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. on August 28, 1932) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Not one of them had the power of removal, or of effecting any material change of society |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | These supplied material for petty activity to a mind that would otherwise have been eaten up with rust |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The business had always been dull in consequence of the high price of the raw material, which reacted upon the manufacture |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | It was a grave and ordered and passionless life that awaited him, a life without material cares |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | Genius is not a retainer to any emperor, nor is its material silver, or gold, or marble, except to a trifling extent |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | A child receives genetic material from each parent. (references) | |
It concludes with a list of additional activities and reading material. (references) | ||
This technique involves injection of small amounts of radioactive material. (references) | ||
Business | He was denied reading material. (references) | |
Other important factors are material and structure. (references) | ||
Pure cotton remains the main material for the pile fabric. (references) | ||
Children | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Obstruction by politicians and government officials has slowed international efforts to remove discriminatory material from textbooks and enact other needed reforms. (references) |
Egypt | The Government also seeks to increase the public's awareness of the capabilities of persons with disabilities in television programming, the print media, and in educational material in public schools. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Pakistan | No warrant is required to seize such material. (references) |
Economic History | Mexico | The Building Material market for the Housing Industry. (references) |
Cote D'ivoire | No paper mills produce raw paper material in Côte d'Ivoire. (references) | |
Uzbekistan | Uzbekistan is a consumer, but not a producer of such material. (references) | |
Human Rights | Mexico | The INI also distributes legal, educational, and informational material in indigenous languages. (references) |
Saudi Arabia | The camp receives a high level of material assistance and is generally comfortable and well run. (references) | |
Ghana | The integrity of the legal system is compromised by a severe lack of financial, human, and material resources. (references) | |
Minorities | Turkey | Islamist journals frequently publish anti-Semitic material. (references) |
Ukraine | The procuracy warned certain publications against publishing anti-Semitic material. (references) | |
Netherlands | With the proliferation of Internet web sites, the dissemination of racial and discriminatory material on Internet also has increased. (references) | |
Political Economy | Eritrea | Principal imports include machinery, spare parts, food, and military material. (references) |
CHILE | State enterprises generally purchase at the lowest possible price, regardless of the source of the material. (references) | |
MALAYSIA | Like import duties, however, this sales tax is not applied to raw material and machinery used in export production. (references) | |
Political Rights | East Timor | However, prior to its dissolution in the months preceding the CNRT received material support and derived legitimacy from its close relations with UNTAET; other parties did not enjoy the same advantages. (references) |
Belgium | The regional governments are charged with matters that directly affect the geographical regions and the material well-being of their residents, such as commerce and trade, public works, and environmental policy. (references) | |
Central African Republic | Although the CEMI included representatives from many political parties on its board, persons loyal to the President controlled it. The Government explicitly rejected suggestions by elements of the international community, which provided material and financial support for the election, that the executive branch of the Government not involve itself in the management of the electoral process. (references) | |
Trade | Argentina | Advertising material is subject to duty when imported into Argentina. (references) |
Sri Lanka | GST is not due on raw material imports to businesses located within free trade zones. (references) | |
New Zealand | Publications, films, audio recordings, and computer disks are restricted for objectionable material. (references) | |
Travel | Chad | Material translated into Chadian Arabic is usually not necessary. (references) |
Guatemala | Promotional material should be in Spanish and emphasize U.S. origin. (references) | |
Sri Lanka | Temporary entry for exhibition material is allowed under the Carnet system of the International Chamber of Commerce. (references) | |
Women | Papua New Guinea | The willingness of some communities to settle incidents of rape through material compensation rather than criminal prosecution makes the crime difficult to combat. (references) |
Taiwan | In March the Ministry of Education initiated a program to promote equal educational opportunities for both sexes, to include units on family life, relations between the sexes, and equal opportunity rights in educational material at all levels. (references) | |
Czech Republic | The Police Academy and secondary police schools have introduced, into both the introductory and continuing education curriculums, instructional material to improve the identification and investigation of domestic violence and sexual abuse cases and to sensitize police to the treatment of victims. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Lithuania | The Ministry prepared informational material on sexual abuse against children for teachers and parents. (references) |
Moldova | It produced antitrafficking educational material, provided counseling to victims, and maintained a hot line for those in need of advice. (references) | |
Poland | In 2000 the Government prosecuted 198 cases under Article 204, which prohibits luring persons into prostitution, and 13 cases under Article 253, which pertains to trafficking in persons and organizing adoptions for material benefit. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | EXTINCTION, n. The raw material out of which theology created the future state. F |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Julianne Moore | It's always the material, you know, and generally if it's great material there's a great director attached. |
Rush Limbaugh | Then there becomes a shortage, the supply goes down, and the price is forced up because there's less of whatever commodity or material we're talking about to go around. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | Whether our movable force on the water, so material in aid of the defensive works on the land, should be augmented in this or any other form is left to the wisdom of the Legislature. |
Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 | Abuses in the allowances for fishing bounties have also been corrected, and a material saving in that branch of the service thereby effected. |
Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 | There is some difference of opinion whether this clause should be enforced by national or by State authority, but surely that difference is not a very material one. |
Warren G. Harding | 1921-1923 | Herein flows the lifeblood of material existence. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | People everywhere are coming to realize that what is involved is material well-being, human dignity, and the right to believe in and worship God. |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | For all our own material might, even we need markets in the world for the surpluses of our farms and our factories. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | All our material riches will avail us little if we do not use them to expand the opportunities of our people. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Our material resources, great as they are, are limited. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | We are for aiding our allies by sharing our material blessings with nations which share our fundamental beliefs, but we are against doling out money government to government, creating bureaucracy, if not socialism, all over the world. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Should Iraq acquire fissile material, it would be able to build a nuclear weapon within a year. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Material" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.18% of the time. "Material" is used about 11,164 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.18% | 11,072 | 839 |
| Adjective (general or positive) | 0.82% | 92 | 34,282 |
| Total | 100.00% | 11,164 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| China | Shanghai Material Trading Centre Co., Ltd. | Hong Kong | Companion Building Material (Holdings) Limited |
| Japan | A&A Material Corp | Taiwan | Elite Material Co Ltd |
| USA | Building Material Holdings Corp. | ||
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "material": abrasive material ♦ absorbent material ♦ active material ♦ adhesive material ♦ adsorbent material ♦ adsorbing material ♦ air MAterial COmmand compiler ♦ ammunition and toxic material open space ♦ animal material ♦ artillery material ♦ basic material ♦ bedding material ♦ biomolecular material ♦ bonding material ♦ buffer material ♦ building material ♦ cementitious material ♦ coated material ♦ coherent material ♦ cohesive material ♦ coloring material ♦ colouring material ♦ combustible material ♦ comparison material ♦ composite material ♦ contrast material ♦ conventional material ♦ corrugating liner material ♦ covering material ♦ create from raw material ♦ curriculum material ♦ deposited material ♦ detergent material ♦ detrital material ♦ direct material ♦ dissolved material ♦ enriched material ♦ explosive material ♦ fencing material ♦ fill material ♦ filling material ♦ fluorescent material ♦ flux material ♦ fluxing material ♦ foam material ♦ Formed material ♦ genetic material ♦ granular material ♦ granulated material ♦ group 4 material ♦ group four material ♦ group IV material ♦ hazardous material incident response ♦ high risk material ♦ illustrative material ♦ imported material ♦ incendiary material ♦ inflammable material ♦ instructional material ♦ insulating material ♦ insurance against material damage to a motor vehicle ♦ intrinsic material ♦ laminated material ♦ length of material ♦ lining material ♦ loose material ♦ losses in manpower and material ♦ made of transparent material ♦ magnetic material encoded data ♦ material as needed ♦ material body ♦ material breach ♦ material cause ♦ material comforts ♦ material control ♦ material control supervisor ♦ material evidence ♦ material fatigue ♦ material goods ♦ material possession ♦ material program code ♦ material recovery ♦ material resource ♦ material Resource Planning ♦ material return authorization number ♦ material supply ♦ material testing reactor ♦ material transfer agreement ♦ material witness ♦ optically active material ♦ optically transparent material ♦ packing material ♦ paramagnetic material ♦ paving material ♦ phase change material ♦ photochromic material ♦ photographic material ♦ piece of material ♦ plant material ♦ polycrystalline TFT material ♦ priming material. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "material": material-dg, material-in, material-ismo, material-portraits, material-spiritual, material-technical, material-type. | |
Ending with "material": non-material, raw-material, source-material. | |
Containing "material": raw-material source. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "material"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | materieel. (various references) | |
Albanian | material (carnal, copy, fleshly, matter, physical, stock, stuff, worldly), stof (cloth, coating, drapery, fabric), lëndë e parë (raw material, staple, stock), lëndë (copy, course, matter, stuff, subject, substance, theme), informacion (data, despatch, dispatch, dope, information, inquiry, light), cohë (cloth, drapery, fabric). (various references) | |
Arabic | مادة (substance), مادي (bodily, concrete, corporeal, earthly, materialistic, not abstract, physical, real, substantial, tangible), مادة (article, item, materiality, matter, substance), هام (big, considerable, earnest, expatiate, historic, significant, some, worthy), لوازم (accessories, materials), غير روحي (carnal), جوهري (cardinal, essential, fundamental, intrinsic, intrinsical, main, overriding, pivotal, prime, quintessential, radical, substantial), جسدي (bodily, carnal, corporal, corporeal, glandule, physical, sensual, somatic), أساسي (absolute, alkaline, basal, base, capital, cardinal, close, constitutional, formal, fundamental, imperative, indispensable, innate, inward, leading, main, major, momentous, nub, organic, overriding, paramount, piece de resistance, primal, primary, principal, radical, right, staple, substantial, ultimate, underling), أدوات (apparatus, paraphernalia, stuff, tools, vibes), ثوب (cloth, dress, garment, gown, model, robe, smock, vest, vestment, vesture, weft), دنيوي (earthly, laity, materialistic, mundane, secular, temporal, terrestrial, worldly). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | веществен (corporeal, fleshly, substantive, tangible), плътски (animal, carnal, fleshly, sensual), предметен (objective), елементи (accidence, components, stuff), земен (earthbound, earthly, earthy, ground, land, mundane, planetary, subastral, sublunary, tellurian, terrain, terraneous, terrene, worldly), материал (matter, medium, stuff), материалистичен (materialistic, worldly), материален (hylic, outward, physical, tangible, worldly), материя (fabric, matter, stuff, substance, textile, wear), плат (cloth, coating, fabric, textile, wear), важен (consequential, dignified, fatal, grave, importable, important, magisterial, major, mighty, necessitous, newsy, pompous, pontifical, portentous, prominent, sage, serious, significant, solemn, sounding, staple, substantial, top-line, weighty), съществен (essential, formal, fundamental, integral, integrant, intimate, intrins |