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Definition: Mark |
MarkNoun1. A number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance); "she made good marks in algebra"; "grade A milk"; "what was your score on your homework?". 2. A distinguishing symbol; "the owner's mark was on all the sheep". 3. A reference point to shoot at; "his arrow hit the mark". 4. A visible indication made on a surface; "some previous reader had covered the pages with dozens of marks". 5. The impression created by doing something unusual or extraordinary that people notice and remember; "it was in London that he made his mark"; "he left an indelible mark on the American theater". 6. A symbol of disgrace or infamy; "And the Lord set a mark upon Cain"--Genesis. 7. The basic unit of money in Germany. 8. Apostle and companion of Saint Peter; assumed to be the author of the second Gospel. 9. A person who is gullible and easy to take advantage of. 10. : a written or printed symbol (as for punctuation); "his answer was just a punctuation mark". 11. : a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened); "he showed signs of strain"; "they welcomed the signs of spring". 12. : the shortest of the four Gospels in the New Testament. 13. : an indication of damage. 14. : marking consisting of crossing lines. 15. : something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal; "the new advertising campaign was a bell ringer"; "scored a bull's eye"; "hit the mark". Verb1. Attach a tag or label to; "label these bottles". 2. Designate as if by a mark; "This sign marks the border"; "He indicated where the border ended". 3. Be a distinctive feature, attribute, or trait; sometimes in a very positive sense; "His modesty distinguishes him form his peers". 4. Mark by some ceremony or observation; "We marked the anniversary of his death". 5. Make or leave a mark on; "mark the trail so that we can find our way back". 6. To accuse or condemn openly or formally: "He denounced the government action.". 7. Notice or perceive; "She noted that someone was following her"; "mark my words". 8. Mark with a scar; "The skin disease scarred his face permanently". 9. Make small marks into the surface of; "score the clay before firing it". 10. : establish as the highest level or best performance: "set a record". 11. : make underscoring marks. 12. : remove from a list; "Cross the name of the dead person off the list". 13. : put a check mark on or next to; "Please check each name on the list". 14. : assign a grade or rank to, according to one's evaluation; "grade tests"; "score the SAT essays"; "mark homework". 15. : insert punctuation marks into. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
"Mark" is a name that signifies or is derived from: "a male", "same as Marcus". |
Date "mark" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Note: Mark \Mark\, transitive verb. [imperfect & past participle. Marked; Marking.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
19th Century Satire | In Germany, twenty-three cents. In the United States, only Twain. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Bible | Mark the evangelist; "John whose surname was Mark" (Acts 12:12, 25). Mark (Marcus, Col. 4:10, etc.) was his Roman name, which gradually came to supersede his Jewish name John. He is called John in Acts 13:5, 13, and Mark in 15:39, 2 Tim. 4:11, etc. He was the son of Mary, a woman apparently of some means and influence, and was probably born in Jerusalem, where his mother resided (Acts 12:12). Of his father we know nothing. He was cousin of Barnabas (Col. 4:10). It was in his mother's house that Peter found "many gathered together praying" when he was released from prison; and it is probable that it was here that he was converted by Peter, who calls him his "son" (1 Pet. 5:13). It is probable that the "young man" spoken of in Mark 14:51, 52 was Mark himself. He is first mentioned in Acts 12:25. He went with Paul and Barnabas on their first journey (about A.D. 47) as their "minister," but from some cause turned back when they reached Perga in Pamphylia (Acts 12:25; 13:13). Three years afterwards a "sharp contention" arose between Paul and Barnabas (15:36-40), because Paul would not take Mark with him. He, however, was evidently at length reconciled to the apostle, for he was with him in his first imprisonment at Rome (Col. 4:10; Philemon 1:24). At a later period he was with Peter in Babylon (1 Pet. 5:13), then, and for some centuries afterwards, one of the chief seats of Jewish learning; and he was with Timothy in Ephesus when Paul wrote him during his second imprisonment (2 Tim. 4:11). He then disappears from view. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Biographical Satire | MARK, Saint, of Venice. Guarded the pigeons of his square and the tourist who dwelt within his canals. Source: Who was Who: 5000BC - 1914. |
Computing | A character used to indicate a situation, signal an event, or serve as a reference. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Binary 1, realized in the RS-232C standard as a positive voltage; in a current loop as a 20 milliampere current; and in modems as the higher frequency of the pair. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| Description des commutateurs de terminaux. Parity is a three-position switch. . . In position "--", parity is disregarded. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Electrical Engineering | A symbol or symbols that indicate the beginning or the end of a field, of a word, of an item of data, or of a set of data such as a file, a record, or a block. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Designation of the two significant conditions of a binary modulation or restitution. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Literature | Mark God bless the mark! An ejaculation of contempt or scorn. (See Save The Mark.) "To be ruled by my conscience, I should stay with the Jew my master, who, God bless the mark! is a kind of devil."- Shakespeare: Merchant of Venice, ii. 2. To make one's mark. To distinguish oneself. He has written his name (or made his mark) on the page of history. Up to the mark. Generally used in the negative; as, "Not quite up to the mark," not good enough, not up to the standard fixed by the Assay office for gold and silver articles; not quite well. Mark (St.), in Christian art, is represented as being in the prime of life; sometimes habited as a bishop, and, as the historian of the resurrection, accompanied by a winged lion (q.v.). He holds in his right hand a pen, and in his left the Gospel. (See Luke .) Mark (Sir). A mythical king of Cornwall, Sir Tristram's uncle. He lived at Tintagel Castle, and married Isolde the Fair, who was passionately enamoured of his nephew, Sir Tristram. The illicit loves of Isolde and Tristram were proverbial in the Middle Ages. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Meteorology & Standards | To set out dimensional marks or outlines on a material as a guide for subsequent cutting operations. Source: European Union. (references) |
Military & Defense | In artillery and naval gunfire support:a. a call for fire on a specified location to orient the observer/spotter or to indicate targets b. a report made by the observer or spotter in firing illumination shells to indicate the instant of optimum light on the target. Source: European Union. (references) |
| In close air support and air interdiction, an air control agency's term utilized to indicate the point of weapon release. It is usually preceded by the word "standby" as a preparatory command. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Post & Telecom | Signal condition 1 for a data circuit of a generator or closed-circuit condition. Source: European Union. (references) |
| In the context of a digital interface:value produced in a time slot by a pulse. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| In order to aid the pilot in guiding his aircraft on the runways and taxiways, pavements are marked with lines and numbers. . . . at night, lights are used to guide the pilot in landing and manoeuvering on t he airport. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Public Administration | The stamp applied on the carcase after the veterinary inspection and the carcase classification. Source: European Union. (references) |
Slang | Noun. Source: This may have originated from a hunting, the target being the 'mark'. Definition: Someone is a mark when they have been victimized; either the victim of a crime, or the recipient of a bad deed. Context: If something unfortunate has happened to someone, they are the mark, and generally sympathy is in order for them, unless the user of the term is the markIST, and they wish to victimize the mark. Social Source: Urban Drug Dealers. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) |
| Verb. Source: Comes from the word mark. Definition: A visible impression, as a line, stain,etc.A distinguishing symbol of peculiarity. Context: A word used by young skaters/hip hop fans (14-24) to describe someone with a two sided personality. Social Source: Kids from Berkeley, California. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) | |
| Noun. Source: An object of attack, ridicule, or abuse. Definition: A victim. Context: To talk about someone who may be in trouble with you or someone else. Social Source: Illegitimate Businessmen of Harlem NY. Source: Compiled by The University of Oregon. (additional references) | |
Transportation | An artificial or natural object of easily recognisable shape or colour, or both, situated in such a position that it may be identified on a chart or related to a known navigational instruction(e. g. taken from a List of Lights, etc. ). Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Deutsche Mark (DM, DEM) was the official currency of West Germany from 1948 until re-unification in 1990 and the official currency of Germany from then until the introduction of the Euro in 2002. One Euro was set to be equivalent to 1,95583 DEM. 1 Mark = 100 Pfennig (pennies).
The image displays coins with the values of 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00 and 5.00 DEM. The other side displays an oak leaf (0.01-0.10), a woman (0.50) planting an oak, the Bundesadler (German eagle; 1.00 and 5.00) and faces of distinguished German politicians (2.00).
The Deutsche Mark was introduced in 1948 by the Western powers once the post-war division of Germany into East and West seemed permanent. The move, intended to protect West Germany from inflation, angered the Russian authorities in East Berlin, who regarded it as a threat and promptly cut off all transport (road, rail and canal) links from West Germany to West Berlin. This led to the Berlin Crisis of 1949.
A mark has been the currency of Germany since its original unification in 1870. Whilst the Reichsmark of the Weimar Republic in the 1920s underwent hyperinflation, the Deutsche Mark was regarded a symbol of West German and subsequently German economic power and stability. In the former GDR the Mark der DDR (Ostmark) was used.
External links
- Deutsche Bundesbank: Coins
- Deutsche Bundesbank: Bills
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Deutsche Mark."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is frequency modulation in which the modulating signal shifts the output frequency between predetermined values.Note 1: Usually, the instantaneous frequency is shifted between two discrete values termed the "mark frequency" and "space frequency". This is a noncoherent form of FSK.
Note 2: Coherent forms of FSK exist in which there is no phase discontinuity in the output signal. Synonyms frequency-shift modulation, frequency-shift signaling.
Source: from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL-STD-188
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Frequency-shift keying."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The Gospel of Mark is the second Gospel in the New Testament, though, based on the most commonly accepted solution to the synoptic problem, it is generally believed to have been the first to be written (see Markan priority).
"Out of a total of 662 verses, Mark has 406 in common with Matthew and Luke, 145 with Matthew, 60 with Luke, and at most 51 peculiar to itself."
As early as Papias in the early 2nd century, it was believed that the writer, known as Mark, derived his information mainly from the discourses of Peter, although the author is in fact unknown. This theory is also supported by scholars including William Barclay. According to the tradition, in his mother's house Mark would have had abundant opportunities to obtain information from the other apostles and their helpers, yet he was "the disciple and interpreter of Peter" specially. As to the time when it was written, the Gospel furnishes us with no clear information. Mark makes no explicit mention of the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, hence some believe it was written before that event; however, Jesus Christ's comments in 13:1-2 has been seen by many as a reference to the destruction of the Temple, and places the work after AD 70. Since the time of Clement of Alexandria, scholars have considered that this Gospel was written at Rome, although some have supposed that it was written at Antioch.
The gospel of Mark was written primarily for an audience of Greek-speaking citizens of the Roman Empire. This appears probable when it is considered that it explains Jewish usages (7:3; 14:3; 14:12; 15:42) and takes care to interpret Aramaic words and phrases which a Gentile would be likely to misunderstand, such as, "Boanerges" (3:17); "Talitha cumi" (5:41); "Corban" (7:11); "Bartimaeus" (10:46); "Abba" (14:36); "Eloi," etc. (15:34). Mark also uses certain Latin words not found in any of the other Gospels, as "speculator" (6:27, rendered, A.V., "executioner;" R.V., "soldier of his guard"), "xestes" (a corruption of sextarius, rendered "pots," 7:4, 8), "quadrans" (12:42, rendered "a farthing"), "centurion" (15:39, 44, 45).
The characteristics of this Gospel are,
Ever since Papias, it was commonly thought that Mark is mostly a rapid succession of vivid pictures loosely strung together without much attempt to bind them into a whole or give the events in their natural sequence. This pictorial power is that which specially characterizes this evangelist, so that "if anyone desires to know an evangelical fact, not only in its main features and grand results, but also in its most minute and so to speak more graphic delineation, he must betake himself to Mark." Redaction criticism since the 1950s, however, has produced another view of Mark's gospel as a carefully constructed narrative, with a detailed internal structure. This is especially apparent in the threefold passion prediction cycle.
- the absence of a genealogy for Jesus Christ,
- whom he represents as clothed with power, the "lion of the tribe of Judah."
- Mark also records with minuteness the very words (3:17; 5:41; 7:11, 34; 14:36) as well as the position (9:35) and gestures (3:5, 34; 5:32; 9:36; 10:16) of Christ.
- He is also careful to record particulars of person (1:29, 36; 3:6, 22, etc.), number (5:13; 6:7, etc.), place (2:13; 4:1; 7:31, etc.), and time (1:35; 2:1; 4:35, etc.), which the other evangelists omit.
- The phrase "and straightway" occurs nearly forty times in this Gospel; while in Luke's Gospel, which is much longer, it is used only seven times, and in John only four times. In a more modern translation, this phrase would be stated as immediately or 'soon afterward'. It is this immediacy which makes the gospel "a transcript of life" according to Westcott. This immediacy is hightened by the frequent use of the present tense to describe Jesus' actions, however, most translations remove this.
There is some dispute among scholars as to whether the last 12 verses, which describe a resurrected Jesus, were actually part of the original Gospel, or if they were added on later. The oldest manuscripts do not contain these verses, suggesting that they were a later addition.
The leading principle running through this Gospel may be expressed in the motto: "Jesus came...preaching the gospel of the kingdom" (1:14). Yet the Gospel also portrays Jesus as consistently attempting to hide his identity as the Messiah from the general public. This persistent theme is often referred to as the Messianic secret, and is one of the distinguishing characteristics of Mark in constrast with the other Gospels.
The description in this Gospel of how the Sanhedrin (the authorities of the Judaic religion) plotted to try and execute Jesus Christ has been used to promote and condone anti-Semitism. (See Jews in the New Testament for further discussion.)
This article uses text from Easton Bible Dicionary of 1897
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Gospel of Mark."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
See also: Gospel of Mark
- Deutsche Mark - the name of the former currency in Germany, now replaced by the Euro.
- Markka/Mark - the name of the former currency in Finland, now replaced by the Euro.
- Mark (English money) - a former unit of account in Britain.
- Mark the Evangelist - is the name of one of the gospel writers of the life of Jesus Christ. It is generally agreed he was acting as scribe for Peter.
- Mark, Sweden - a municipality in Sweden.
- Mark (victim) - the victim of a con game.
- Mark (earldom) - medieval state in Westphalia, part of the Holy Roman Empire
- Mark (computing) - a delimiter at the beginning or end of a transmission sequence
- Mark frequency - in radio transmission; see frequency-shift keying
- In Lord of the Rings, the fictional country of Rohan is sometimes known as The Mark
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mark."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Mark was a medieval territory in today's North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It comprised the lands north of the Ruhr River. The northern portion (north of the Lippe River) is still called Hohe Mark ("Higher Mark"). The former "Lower Mark" (between Ruhr and Lippe rivers) is the present Ruhr area and is no longer called "Mark".Originally a collateral line of the counts of Berg, the territory emerged in 1160 under the name of Berg-Altena. After moving the court to the castle of Mark (close to the present city of Hamm) in 1198 the rulers called themselves "counts of Mark". The town of Hamm was founded by count Adolf I in 1226 and was soon the most important town of the county.
The territory of Mark was long time restricted to the lands between the Ruhr and Lippe rivers ("Lower Mark"). New territories in the north ("Higher Mark") were gained during the 14th century in wars against the bishopric principality of Münster.
In 1368 Mark was united with the duchy of Cleves on the western banks of the Rhine. The duchy was then called Mark-Cleves (Mark-Kleve). In 1510 the heir to the throne of Mark-Cleves married the daughter of the duke of Berg. This resulted in a personal union of Mark-Cleves and Berg (1521). Almost all of present North Rhine-Westphalia (except for the clerical states) was then ruled by the dukes.
The ducal dynasty became extinct in 1609, when the insane last duke had died. A long dispute about the succession followed, before the territory was annexed by The Palatinate in 1614 (generally accepted in 1666).
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mark (earldom)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The word mark (from an apparently non-Teutonic word found in all Teutonic and Romance languages, and Latinized as marca or marcus) originally expressed a measure of weight only for gold and silver, commonly used throughout western Europe and equivalent to 8 oz (ounces). Considerable variations, however, occurred throughout the Middle ages (see Du Cange, Gloss. med. et infim. Lat., s.v. Marca for a full list).In England the "mark" never appeared as a coin, but as a money of account only, and apparently came into use in the 10th century through the Danes. It first equalled 100 pennies, but after the Norman Conquest equalled 160 pennies = 2/3 of the pound sterling, or 13s. 4d., and therefore in Scotland 31/2d. English.
The mark (merk) Scots comprised a silver coin of this value, issued first in 1570 and afterwards in 1663.
(Original text from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica.)
See Also
- British coinage
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mark (English money)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
The victim of a confidence game is often called the mark, or the vic. This is an underground slang term that evolved amongst swindlers because the intended victim was said to be "marked" for the sting.In some instances the mark would literally be marked. This is usually done by traveling crooked carnival game mobs, who were known to hit towns, set up an amusement park and leave after a few days. In this case all the operators of the crooked games of chance would be part of the same mob. When one of the operators was done working a mark he would give him a friendly tap on the shoulder and wish him better luck next time. During this friendly gesture the operator would leave a dusty chalk mark, or a sticker, that all the operators of other games would recognize to mean that this mark has particularly good potential.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mark (victim)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Mark the Evangelist (1st century) is traditionally believed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark, drawing much of his material from Peter. He is often identified with the John Mark that sometimes accompanied Paul and Barnabas in the Acts of the Apostles. He is also the first Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church in Alexandria, Egypt.An extensive account of his life was written by Severus, Bishop of Al-Ushmunain, in the 10th century. According to this account, Mark was the nephew of Barnabas, who was cousin to Peter's wife. Mark was one of the servants at the wedding feast at Cana who poured out the water that Jesus Christ turned to wine. This is Jesus' first public miracle (a story, however, not related in the Gospel of Mark!). Mark was one of the Seventy Apostles sent out by Christ; he was the servant who carried water to the house of Simon the Cyrenian, where the Last Supper took place; and Mark was the one who hosted the disciples in his house after the death of Jesus, and into whose house the resurrected Jesus Christ came, although all the doors were shut.
The following details are also based on Severus' account. He eventually went to Alexandria and was the first to preach the Gospel there. He is said to have performed many miracles, and established a church there, appointing a bishop, three priests, and seven deacons.
Mark is traditionally considered to have founded the School of Alexandria, a school that encouraged studies in science, philosophy, music, math and language embraced by the early Copts, who believe such disciplines are not contrary to religion, but lead believers to a true spiritual life.
When Mark returned to Alexandria, the people there are said to have resented his efforts to turn them away from the worship of their traditional Egyptian gods. In 68 A.D. they killed him, and tried to burn his body. Afterwards, the Christians in Alexandria removed his unburned body from the ashes, wrapped it and then buried it in the easterly part of the church they had built. His remains were later stolen and taken to Venice. They were not returned to Egypt until 1968.
However, the first reports of his execution by burning date to the 4th century and are considered apocryphal by many church historians.
It should be noted that Severus' account is not entirely reconcilable with the first accounts we have of St. Mark. Papias says that he was a disciple of Peter and never knew Jesus himself. Papias says Mark wrote down the stories Peter told, but not necessarily in chronological order. It is unlikely that the early church would remember a story which made the authorship of Mark's Gospel seem less authoritative than it was.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mark the Evangelist."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Mark is a village located in Putnam County, Illinois. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 491.Geography
Mark is located at 41°15'56" North, 89°14'55" West (41.265594, -89.248521)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.1 km² (0.8 mi²). 2.1 km² (0.8 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 491 people, 192 households, and 139 families residing in the village. The population density is 234.0/km² (604.9/mi²). There are 209 housing units at an average density of 99.6/km² (257.5/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 98.57% White, 0.00% African American, 1.43% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 4.68% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 192 households out of which 35.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.3% are married couples living together, 10.9% have a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% are non-families. 25.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.56 and the average family size is 3.08. In the village the population is spread out with 27.7% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 87.8 males. The median income for a household in the village is $45,208, and the median income for a family is $50,417. Males have a median income of $39,000 versus $18,750 for females. The per capita income for the village is $18,912. 10.3% of the population and 6.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 17.5% are under the age of 18 and 0.0% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mark, Illinois."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Mark is a municipality in southwest Sweden, in the county of Västra Götaland. The municipality covers an area of 935.9 km². Of the total population of 32951, 16433 are male, and 16518 are female. The population density of the community is 35 inhabitants per km².
External Links
- Official Website
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Mark, Sweden."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Rohan is a fictional location from J. R. R. Tolkien's universe of Middle-earth.Warning: Wikipedia contains spoilers
Rohan is a kingdom of farmers on the northern borders of Gondor in Middle-earth. Well-known for their horses and cavalry, they're Gondor's most important ally.
History
In the 1200s of the Third Age, the Kings of Gondor made close alliances with the Northmen of Rhovanion, a people akin to the Three Houses of Men (later the Dúnedain) from the First Age.
In the 2000s TA, a remnant tribe of such Norsemen calling itself the Éothéod moved from the valleys of Anduin to the north west of Mirkwood, clearing out what remained of the recently defeated witch kingdom of Angmar, east of the Misty Mountains.
Later, in 2509 TA, Cirion the Steward of Gondor sent summons to the Éothéod for aid in throwing off a combined invasion of Men from the north east of Middle-earth, and Orcs from Mordor.
Eorl the Young, king of the Éothéod, answered the summons, and arrived unexpected at a decisive battle at the Field of Celebrant.
As a reward, Eorl was given the plains of Calenardhon, and he moved his kingdom there. This land had earlier been part of Gondor proper, but had been devastated by the plague of 1636 TA, and the survivors to a large extent slain by the invasion mentioned above.
The first line of kings lasted for 249 years, until the ninth king Helm Hammerhand died after his sons. His nephew Fréaláf Hildeson began a new line which lasted until the end of end of the Third Age, when king Théoden was slain after his son Théodred. Éomer, sisters-son (nephew) of the king then took up the reign.
In 2758 TA, Rohan was invaded by Dunlendings under Wulf, son of Freca, of mixed Dunland and Rohan blood. The King, Helm Hammerhand, took refuge in the Hornburg until aid from Gondor and Dunharrow (a Rohirrim refuge) arrived a year later and defeated the invaders.
It was soon after this that Saruman arrived and took over Isengard, and was welcomed as a strong ally, since it would take Rohan close to 200 years to recover its strength after the invasion.
In 3014 TA, Saruman began using his influence to weaken the King, Théoden, as part of a campaign to invade or take over the kingdom. In 3019 TA Saruman launched a full-scale invasion on Rohan, with victory in the two first battles (at the Fords of Isen) and defeat at the Battle of Hornburg, where the Huorns came to the aid of the Rohirrim.
On the heels of this victory, Théoden rode with an army to Minas Tirith and helped break its siege in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, where he was slain. Éomer, the new king, then rode with the armies of Gondor to the gates of Mordor and took part in the final battle with the forces of Sauron, who was defeated when the Ruling Ring was destroyed.
The rule of the stewards of Gondor was now over. King Éomer and the new king of Gondor Elessar renewed their oath of alliance, and reaffirmed Cirion's grant of Calenardhon to the Rohirrim.
Description
Important places and the borders of Rohan
The capital of Rohan is the hillfort of Edoras which lies on the slopes of the White Mountains. The second most important town is Dunharrow, even deeper in the White Mountains. One of the most impressive places in Rohan is the Hornburg, a great fortress which is part of a chain of fortifications at Helm's Deep.
The borders of Rohan are: the river Isen (in the west, bordering Saruman's Isengard), the river Adorn (a tributary of Isen, also in the west, forming the border with the unfriendly Dunlendings). The White Mountains (in the south), the Mering Stream (in the southeast, the border between Rohan and Gondor), the Mouths of Entwash (in the east) and the Limlight (a tributary of the Anduin, the northern border).
Climate and countryside
The countryside of Rohan is described as a land of pastures and lush grassland. It looks a lot like the Central Asian steppe, so does its climate
The Rohirrim and their horses
The Rohirrim are descendants of the Edain of the First Age. They didn't go to Beleriand like the Edain who were later rewarded with the island of Númenor by the Valar. The ancestors of the Rohirrim were known as the Éothéod and were given the province of Calenardhon by Gondor after the afore-mentioned Battle of the Field of Celebrant.
The Rohirrim are famous as skilled horsemen, masters and breeders. Their horses are known as the Mearas, the noblest and fastest horses who have ever roamed Arda. The armies of Rohan contain thus a lot of horses.Rohirric
Rohirric is like the languages of all Men akin to Adûnaic, the language of the Edain. The Rohirrim call their homeland the Ridenna-mearc, the Riddermark or simply the Mark and call themselves the Eorlingas, the Sons of Eorl.Rohirric bears a similar relationship to the Common Speech of Middle-earth as that of Old English to modern English, and so Tolkien renders Rohirric names and phrases into Old English (Anglo-Saxon), just as the Common Speech is translated into English. Examples include words such as Mearas (Old English for horses) and éored.
Many archaic Hobbit names bear similarities to Rohirric, since the ancestors of the Shire hobbits lived on the upper reaches of the Anduin, close to the ancestors of the Rohirrim, and there was apparently a good deal of linguistic cross-fertilisation. The name Hobbit itself is believed to be derived from the Rohirric Holbytlan (hole builders). These names are also translations of the originals, of course.
Note: Tolkien was an expert on languages, especially Old English.
Politics
Alliance with Gondor
The alliance between Rohan and Gondor came into existence in the year 2510 of the Third Age. In that year the Easterlings lauched a massive invasion of Gondor. The army of Gondor was defeated and trapped between the Limlight and the Celebrant. Gondor which had always been on friendly terms with the different tribes of the Northmen sent messengers to the closest Northmen tribe, the Éothéod. Although it was unlikely that the message calling for aid would come through, it did. Then Eorl the Young and his fierce Éothéod Riders unexpectedly took the field during the Battle of Celebrant and turned the tide in the favor of Gondor. As a reward Cirion, the Steward of Gondor, gave Eorl the depopulated province of Calenardhon for his people to settle, while fulfilling Gondor's need for a strong ally. The Oath of Eorl was sworn by both Cirion and Eorl. Neither nation has ever broken the alliance ever since. Rohan has gone through great lengths to fulfil their part of the treaty including sacrificing two of its heirs when Gondor was under threat from the Haradrim in 2885 T.A., when Fastred and Folcred, the twin sons of King Folcwine, were killed during the Battle of Crossings of Poros. King Théoden once again honored the alliance in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.
War with the Dunlendings
To the west of Rohan live the Dunlendings, a native people who have been hostile against the Free Peoples for a long time. And when Gondor decided to give the unpopulated province of Calenardhon to a numerous people they felt threatened again. But open war wasn't waged until the reign of Helm Hammerhand (2741 TA-2759 TA). The Dunlending Freca tried to get the throne of Rohan for himself by letting his son Wulf marry the daughter of Helm. Freca was killed and Wulf led the Dunlendings into open war with Rohan. They unsuccesfully besieged the Hornburg during the long winter of 2758-2759. Wulf did take Edoras and killed Haleth, the son of Helm, in front of Meduseld. But in Dunharrow Helm's nephew Fréalaf held out against the Dunlendings. He recaptured Edoras in the end of the long winter and killed Wulf personally. The Dunlendings were drive out of Rohan. Fréalaf succeeded the deceased Helm Hammerhand.
- Alliance with Saruman (eventually war, Wormtongue etc.).
- Rumors of tributes paid to Sauron.
Important Rohirrim
- Eorl the Young
- Helm Hammerhand
- Théoden
- Théodred
- Éomer
- Éowyn
- Various participants in the final wars.
- Gríma Wormtongue
Rohan, Brittany was also a viscounty, later a duchy in Brittany, currently in France.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Rohan."
Synonyms: MarkSynonyms: bell ringer (n), brand (n), bull's eye (n), chump (n), crisscross (n), cross (n), fall guy (n), fool (n), grade (n), gull (n), marker (n), marking (n), mug (n), patsy (n), scar (n), schlemiel (n), score (n), scrape (n), scratch (n), shlemiel (n), sign (n), soft touch (n), stain (n), stigma (n), sucker (n), target (n), check (v), check off (v), commemorate (v), cross off (v), cross out (v), denounce (v), differentiate (v), distinguish (v), label (v), mark off (v), nock (v), note (v), notice (v), pit (v), pock (v), punctuate (v), set (v), stigmatize (v), strike off (v), strike out (v), tag (v), tick off (v). (additional references) |
| Synonym by domain: seamark (transportation). |
| Antonym: ignore (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Attention | Verb: be attentive; Adjective: attend, advert to, observe, look, see, view, remark, notice, regard, take notice, mark; give attention to, pay attention to, pay heed to, give heed to; incline an ear to, lend an ear to; trouble one's head about; give a thought to, animadvert to; occupy oneself with; contemplate; (think of); look at, look to, look after, look into, look over; see to; turn the mind to, bend the mind to, apply the mind to, direct the mind to, give the mind to, turn the eye to, bend the eye to, apply the eye to, direct the eye to, give the eye to, turn the attention to, bend the attention to, apply the attention to, direct the attention to, give the attention to; have an eye to, have in one's eye; bear in mind; take into account, take into consideration; keep in sight, keep in view; have regard to, heed, mind, take cognizance of entertain, recognize; make note of, take note of; note. |
Choice | Set apart, mark out for; mark. |
Degree | Point, mark, stage; (term); intensity, strength; (greatness). |
Importance | Noun: importance, consequence, moment, prominence, consideration, mark, materialness. |
Attach importance to, ascribe importance to, give importance to; Noun: value, care for, set store upon, set store by; mark; mark with a white stone, underline; write in italics, put in italics, print in italics, print in capitals,print in large letters, put in large type, put in letters. of gold; accentuate, emphasize, lay stress on. | |
Indication | Put an indication, put a mark; Noun: note, mark, stamp, earmark; blaze; label, ticket, docket; dot, spot, score, dash, trace, chalk; print; imprint, impress; engrave, stereotype. |
Signature, mark, autograph, autography; attestation; hand, hand writing, sign manual; cipher; seal, sigil, signet, hand and seal; paraph, brand; superscription; indorsement, endorsement. | |
Intellect | Verb: note, notice, mark; take notice of, take cognizance of be aware of, be conscious of; realize; appreciate; ruminate; (think); fancy; (imagine). |
Intention | Final cause; raison d'etre; cui bono; object, aim, end; "the be all and the end all"; drift; (meaning); tendency; destination, mark, point, butt, goal, target, bull's-eye, |
Repute | Noun: distinction, mark, name, figure; repute, reputation; good repute, high repute; note, notability, notoriety, eclat, " the bubble reputation ", vogue, celebrity; fame, famousness; renown; popularity, aura popularis; approbation; credit, succes d'estime, prestige, talk of the town; name to conjure with. |
Term | Noun: term, rank, station, stage, step; degree; scale, remove, grade, link, peg, round of the ladder, status, position, place, point, mark, pas, period, pitch; stand, standing; footing, range. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Mark |
| English words defined with "mark": accent mark ♦ bench mark ♦ call mark, chatter mark, check mark ♦ diacritical mark, ditto mark, dollar mark ♦ exclamation mark ♦ Flood mark ♦ high-water mark ♦ mark of Cain, mark off, Mother's mark ♦ Plate mark, Plimsoll's mark ♦ question mark, quotation mark ♦ Stray mark, stress mark ♦ Thumb mark, To make one's mark, To mark out. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "mark": coastal mark, collective mark, collimating mark ♦ fiducial mark, floating mark or dot ♦ George, Mark, John ♦ Lion of St. Mark, locality mark, locate from a mark ♦ Mark 1, Mark study, Mark Tapley, Mark Time!, mock fashioning mark, MOLL THOMPSON'S MARK, Moll Thomson's Mark ♦ Optical Mark Reader, optical mark recognition ♦ permanent bench mark, Pitt's Mark, plot mark ♦ register against a mark, rhomboid ripple mark ♦ Save the Mark, survey mark ♦ time mark. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "mark": Wale. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Mark" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Afrikaan (bazaar, fair, market, marketplace), Danish (field, mark), Dutch (Marcus, mark), Faeroese (boundary, character, frontier, limit, mark, sign), French (mark), German (borderland, flesh, March, Mark, marrow, marrows, medulla, paste, pith, pulp, touch), Manx (brand, mark), Portuguese (mark), Swedish (counter, earth, field, floor, ground, land, Mark, soil, territory), Turkish (Mark). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Mark my words (The Matrix Reloaded; writing credit: Andy Wachowski; Larry Wachowski) Or was it his in-depth analysis of, uh, uh, Marky Mark that finally reeled you in (Reality Bites; writing credit: Ben Stiller, written by Helen Childress.) Uh, excuse me. Mark it zero (The Big Lebowski; writing credit: Ethan Coen; Joel Coen) This part didn't concern me. The main problem with Mark was that he was intimidating, and he had a tendency to snap (S.L.C. Punk!; writing credit: James Merendino.) Would you like to say a few words to mark the occasion (Fight Club; writing credit: Jim Uhls) | |
Lyrics | You need a yen to make a mark (Wall Street Shuffle; performing artist: 10CC) If I make a mark in time, I can't say the mark is mine (Tuesday's Dead; performing artist: Cat Stevens) Question mark (The Reflex; performing artist: Duran Duran) We can make our mark in history (World At Your Feet; performing artist: Fabian) Underneath Cindy C's beauty mark (Liquid Dreams; performing artist: O-Town) | |
Clever | Don't put a question mark where God put a period. (references; author: unknown) A child's life is like a piece of paper on which every person leaves a mark. (references; author: unknown) There are two types of people in this world: those who leave a mark, and others who just leave a stain. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | The Mark of Zorro (1974) Mark of the Witch (1970) The Mark of Zero (1967) Mark Twain Tonight! (1967) | |
Song Titles | Teen Angel (performing artist: Mark Dinning) Arizona (performing artist: Mark Lindsay) Return Of The Mack (performing artist: Mark Morrison) Wildside (performing artist: Marky Mark & Funky Bunch) Good Vibrations (performing artist: Marky Mark & The Funky Bunch) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies |
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Music |
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | The breast of a black woman is exposed and highlighted. Some scoring is visible on the breast below the nipple marking the tumor area. Surgeons are visible looking over the patient examining the patient. They will mark and place tubes for later implantation of radioactive iridium seeds. Wider view is also available. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | Mark D. Hollis, Sc.D., CDC Chief, 1946. Credit: CDC. |
 | Dr. Hans Mark. Credit: NASA. |  | Mark Lee Tetherless and Free. Credit: NASA. |
 | To mark the first anniversary of the Hubble Heritage Project, we present four Hubble telescope ... Credit: NASA. |  | Hurricane Bonnie approaching the Eastern Seaboard of the United States on1998 August 25, as viewed by GOES-8 (GeostationaryOperational Environmental Satellite). Image produced by DennisChesters, Marit Jentoft-Nilsen and Mark Sutton, Laboratory forAtmospheres, NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center. Credit: NASA. |
 | Bronze triangulation mark These marks are found throughout the United States and its territories Triangulation marks have known latitudes, longitudes, and plane coordinates. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Traverse work on Florida's West Coast Traverse crew off of HYDROGRAPHER Beginning of traverse segment from mark below Bilby Tower. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | A fishing dory owned by Mark Hickson, ready to be trailered home. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | Andy Allen measuring distance from mark on tide staff to location on pier top. K. Fuhs is diver in water helping keep the tape vertical. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Mark learns to Row" by Victoria Clare Commentary: "A man rowing." | "Nice colors in the indian mark" by Yvan Lagarrigue Commentary: "Picture taken in a very nice market." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Francois De La Rochefoucauld | The sure mark of one born with noble qualities is being born without envy. |
Jean De La BruyFre | One mark of a second-rate mind is to be always telling stories. |
John Kenneth Galbraith | We all agree that pessimism is a mark of superior intellect. |
Jonathan Swift | Vanity is a mark of humility rather than of pride. |
Miguel de Cervantes | Are we to mark this day with a white or a black stone? |
Oliver Wendell Holmes | To have doubted one's own first principles is the mark of a civilized man. |
Ralph Waldo Emerson | We aim above the mark to hit the mark. |
Robert Louis Stevenson | The mark of a good action is that it appears inevitable in retrospect. |
Samuel Johnson | There mark what ills the scholar's life assail, toil, envy, want, and patron. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | We will entirely remove from their bailiwicks, the relations of Gerard of Athee (so that in future they shall have no bailiwick in England); namely, Engelard of Cigogne, Peter, Guy, and Andrew of Chanceaux, Guy of Cigogne, Geoffrey of Martigny with his brothers, Philip Mark with his brothers and his nephew Geoffrey, and the whole brood of the same. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The period from August 1, 1914, until the coming into force of the present Treaty shall be excluded in considering the time within which a patent should be worked or a trade mark or design used, and it is further agreed that no patent, registered trade mark or design in force on August 1, 1914, shall be subject to revocation or cancellation by reason only of the failure to work such patent or use such trade mark or design for two years after the coming into force of the present Treaty. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | I know he would be hurt by my failing in such a mark of respect to him on the present occasion |
Sylvie and Bruno | Carroll, Lewis | And it looked at the mark in the Shoe |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | There was nothing of high mark in this |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | She said that a thousand and a thousand people had met him here, and had written in his book, and have his mark on them |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Sprung from the most unfathomable depths of social darkness, she bore on her brow the mark of the anonymous and unknown |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | He could not eat the blackish fish fritters they got on Wednesdays in Lent and one of his potatoes had the mark of the spade in it. |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | The tenant men squatted down on their hams again to mark the dust with a stick, to figure, to wonder |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | These threads are proposed as prizes for those persons whom the Emperor has a mind to distinguish by a peculiar mark of his favor |
Walden | Thoreau, Henry David | We shall, perhaps, look down thus on the surface of air at length, and mark where a still subtler spirit sweeps over it. |
The Merchant of Venice | William Shakespeare | There is no vice so simple but assumes some mark of virtue on his outward parts |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | The physician will also use dye to mark the area to be irradiated. (references) | |
Mark the zones on your peak flow meter with colored tape or a marker. (references) | ||
They are about the size of the mark at the end of this arrow . They are oval and usually yellow to white. (references) | ||
Business | CE mark is not accepted by IMBiGS as a valid certificate. (references) | |
Firms such as Care mark, Watakyu are fairly inactive at present. (references) | ||
However, all imported ACR equipment needs the CE mark and certificate. (references) | ||
Civil Liberties | Iran | They are permitted access only to areas of wasteland that the Government designates for their use, and are not allowed to mark graves. (references) |
Guyana | On May 16, the police arrested Mark Benschop, host of television program "Straight Up," and charged him with sedition and incitement to commit murder. (references) | |
Afghanistan | On July 3, the Taliban announced that Hindus would be consulted before ordering them to wear any distinctive mark to differentiate themselves from Muslims. (references) | |
Economic History | Sri Lanka | A mark may consist of words, slogans, designs, etc. (references) |
Sri Lanka | The exclusive right to a mark is acquired by registration. (references) | |
Italy | If an application is in order, the mark will be registered. (references) | |
Human Rights | Togo | On September 27, gendarmes arrested opposition UFC Party leader Mark Palanga in his Kozah offices. (references) |
Morocco | On December 9, to mark Human Rights Day, the King gave an audience to several human rights activists. (references) | |
Korea | The amnesty, the country's first in more than 20 years, reportedly is to mark the birthday of Kim Il Sung. (references) | |
Political Economy | FINLAND | The Finnish mark was pegged to the euro at 5.9457. (references) |
HUNGARY | As such, products of U.S. origin that bear the CE mark may not receive testing-free entry into Hungary. (references) | |
GERMANY | On January 1, 1999, the euro was introduced in Germany and the Deutsche Mark was fixed at 1.96 to the euro. (references) | |
Trade | Austria | Ultimately, a CE mark will be required for most U.S. manufactured imports. (references) |
Germany | The effect of EU harmonization on the "GS" and "VDE" mark is difficult to analyze. (references) | |
Austria | Austrian consumers look for these marks the same way Americans look for the "UL" mark. (references) | |
Travel |
