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Marathon

Specialty Definition: Battle of Marathon

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

History -- Military history -- List of battles

The Battle of Marathon was the culmination of King Darius I of Persia's first major attempt to conquer the remainder of the Greeks and add them to the Persian Empire, thereby securing the weakest portion of his Western border.

Background

The plain of Marathon today (Larger version)''
Battle of Marathon
Conflict	Persian Wars
Date	September, 490 BC
Place	Marathon, Greece
Result	Greek victory
Combatants
Greek city-states	Persia
Commanders
Miltiades Callimachus	Darius I of Persia Artaphernes
Strength
About 10 000	About 26 000
Casualties
192	6400

Hippias, tyrant of Athens, had been expelled in 510 BC by his people, with the assistance of Cleomenes I, King of Sparta. He fled to the court of Darius to seek assistance.

With the failure of the Ionian Revolt (499 BC - 494 BC), Darius was intent on subjugating the Greeks and punishing them for their part in the revolt. In 492 BC Darius dispatched an army under his son-in-law, Mardonius. This army reduced Thrace and compelled Alexander I of Macedon to submit again to Persia. However, in attempting to advance into Greece much of the fleet was wrecked in a storm and Mardonius was forced to retreat to Asia.

Darius learned through Hippias that the Alcmaeonidae, a powerful Athenian family, were opposed to Miltiades and ready to help reinstate Hippias. They were also ready to bow to Persian demands in exchange for being excused for their role in the Ionian Revolt. Darius wished to take advantage of this situation to take Athens, which would isolate Sparta and hand him the remainder of the Greeks. In order for the Athenians to revolt, two things would need to happen: the populace would need encouragement to revolt, and the Athenian army would have to leave Athens.

In order to accomplish the first, Darius planned to take Eretria, which would offer little resistance, and whose fall would terrify the Athenians. To accomplish the second, Darius's army, now led by Artaphernes, son of a satrap of Sardis, and Datis, a Median admiral (Mardonius had been injured in the prior attack), was dispatched in early September 490 BC to land at the Bay of Marathon and threaten an overland attack towards Athens. This army probably numbered at most 25,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry, since it was transported entirely by sea.

The Persian transports, escorted by the fleet, sailed from Samos to Naxos and reached Carystus on the south coast of Euboea. From there they sailed up the Euboean channel to Eretria, where their aims became clear to the Greeks.

The Eretrians sent an urgent message to Athens for help. The Athenians agreed, but realized they needed more help. They sent a courier to the Spartans and probably a messenger to the Plataeans. The courier arrived in Sparta on September 9, and the Spartans agreed to help, but pointed out that they could not go to war until the Carneian festival ended on the full moon of September 19-20.

Artaphernes took part of the Persian army and laid siege to Eretria. The remainder of the army crossed with Datis and landed in the Bay of Marathon. The Athenian army, numbering 9,000-10,000, under Callimachus the polemarch and accompanied by his ten tribal generals marched north from Athens. When Callimachus heard that the Persians had landed in the Bay of Marathon, he wheeled right and reached the valley of Avlona and encamped his army at the shrine of Heracles. One thousand Plataeans joined him there.

Since it was obvious from the Persians' disposition that they did not intend to march to Athens, the Athenians waited for the Spartans. For eight days the armies peacefully confronted each other.

The Battle

On the ninth day it became known to the Athenians that Eretria had fallen by treachery. This meant that Artaphernes was now free to move, and might attack Athens. On September 21, the Athenian army went out to face the Persians. This was probably a combined decision by the generals, although Herodotus reports that they were rotating days of command and that Miltiades was in charge at this point, since he had a large part in persuading the others to do so. According to Herodotus, five Strategoi voted for the move and five voted against it, with Callimachus, the Polemarch, casting the deciding vote in favor of attack.

Since the bulk of Persian infantry were archers, the Greek plan was to advance in formation until they reached the limit of the archer's effectiveness, the "beaten zone," or roughly 200 yards, then advance in double time to close ranks quickly and bring their heavy infantry into play. This meant that they would almost certainly end up fighting in disordered ranks, but this was preferable to giving the Persian archers more time. The Greek center was reduced to possibly four ranks, from the normal eight, in order to extend the line and prevent the Persian line from overlapping the Greeks. The wings maintained their eight ranks.

The Greek heavy infantryman, or hoplite, was much more heavily armored than the Persian troops and the pike the Greeks carried gave them greater range than the short spears and swords of the Persian foot soldier. The Persian advantage came from the bow that most of them carried (which was somewhat nullified from the heavy Greek armor) and from their far vaster numbers.

As the Greeks advanced, their wings drew ahead of the center, which was under heavy fire from the archers. As they closed some Persians broke through the resulting gaps and drove the center back in rout. The Greek retreat in the center, besides pulling the Persians in, also brought the Greek wings inwards, shortening the Greek line. The inadvertant result was a double envelopment, and the battle ended when the whole Persian army, crowded into confusion, broke back in panic towards their ships and were pursued by the Greeks.

Herodotus records that 6,400 Persians died for the loss of approximately 192 Athenians.

Aftermath

As soon as Datis had put to sea, the Athenians marched to Athens. They arrived in time to prevent Artaphernes from securing a landing. Seeing his opportunity lost, Artaphernes set about and returned to Asia. The Spartans arrived afterwards, toured the battlefield at Marathon, and agreed that the Athenians had won a great victory.

The Greek upset of the Persians, who had not been defeated on land for many decades, caused great problems for the Persians. Seeing that the Persians were not invincible, many peoples subject to their rule rose up following the defeat of their overlords at Marathon and order was not restored for several years.

The common enemy of Persia helped provide some solidarity to the disunited Greek city-states. The victory helped solidify the view that Greeks were "civilized" and Asians were merely "Barbarians."

Conclusion

Marathon was in no sense a decisive victory over the Persians. However, it was the first time the Greeks had bested the Persians on land, and "their victory endowed the Greeks with a faith in their destiny which was to endure for three centuries, during which western culture was born." (J.F.C. Fuller, A Military History of the Western World.)

Legend states that when the denizens of Athens became aware of the invasion by Persia, they dispatched a soldier named Phidippides who, according to Herodotus (see book IV, 105) ran from the town of Marathon to Sparta for aid. Another legend says that he ran from Marathon to Athens to announce the victory, and then collapsed and died. This legend was the basis for the modern-day marathon race. The distance for a modern marathon, however, is based on the distance from Marathon to Athens, as modified slightly to suit the geography of modern-day London.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Battle of Marathon."

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Marathon

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

• A town in Greece
• An athletic event
• A computer game
• The island and town of Marathon, Florida in the Florida Keys
• The Battle of Marathon
• The Snickers chocolate bar was known as Marathon in the United Kingdom until 1990 when the name was changed to bring it into line with the rest of the world.
• A Marathon Oil company

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Marathon."

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Marathon (computer game)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Marathon is a computer game from Bungie Software, with a science fiction theme. It belongs to the first-person shooter genre, and was released in 1994.

Marathon was released on the Apple Macintosh computer. It was one of the very earliest first-person shooters to appear on the Macintosh.

Unlike some other similar games of that era (for example, id Software's Doom) Marathon and its sequels, Durandal and Infinity were notable for their intricate plots.

The game placed the player as the Security Officer aboard the human colony ship Marathon. Throughout the game, the player attempts to defend the ship and its inhabitants from a race of alien slavers called the Pfhor. As he fights against the invaders, he witnesses the three shipboard AI's interactions, and discovers that all is not as it seems aboard the Marathon.

An excellent open-source engine for all three Marathon games is available at the Marathon Open Source Project. It is called Aleph One and is available at http://source.bungie.org.

The best source of more information on the Marathon series is http://marathon.bungie.org.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Marathon (computer game)."

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Marathon (sport)

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Although the name marathon is sometimes used to describe any athletic event of great length, or requiring great endurance, the word is most often used to describe a running race (long-distance track event) of 42,195 m (26 miles and 385 yards). The name of the race commemorates an incident in which Phidippides, a Greek soldier who, according to Herodotus (book IV, 105) ran from the town of Marathon to Sparta for aid, a distance of about 230 km (140 miles).

The idea of organising the race came from Michel Bréal, who wanted to put the event on the program of the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 in Athens. This idea was heavily supported by Pierre de Coubertin and the Greeks. The Greeks staged a selection race for the Olympic marathon, and this first marathon was won by Charilaos Vasilakos. In the early years, the distance of the marathon was about 40 km, the distance between Marathon and Athens. The 1908 Olympic marathon in London was originally set for 26 miles, but the race organizers added 385 yards to the course in order to have the runners start in front of Windsor Castle. This distance (42.195 km) was adopted in 1921 by the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) as the official marathon distance.

The world best time for men over the distance is 2 hours 4 minutes and 55 seconds, set in the Berlin Marathon by Paul Tergat on September 28, 2003, an improvement of 20 minutes and 44 second since 1947 (Marathon world best progression). Note, however, that marathon routes vary greatly in elevation changes, course, and surface, making comparisons somewhat difficult.

Running a Marathon

Completing a marathon is often considered to be a superhuman effort, but many coaches believe that it is possible for anyone willing to put in the time and effort. Many people who complete a marathon walk part or all of the distance.

Glycogen and "the wall"

Carbohydrates that a person eats are converted by the liver and muscles into glycogen for storage. Glycogen burns quickly to provide quick energy. Runners can store about 2,000 kcal worth of glycogen in their bodies, enough for about 20 miles (32 km) of running. When glycogen runs low, the body must then burn stored fat for energy, which does not burn as efficiently. When this happens, the runner will experience dramatic fatigue. This phenomenon is called hitting the wall. The aim of training for the marathon, according to many coaches, is to maximize the limited glycogen available so that the fatigue of the "wall" is not as dramatic.

Training

For most runners, the marathon is the longest run they have ever attempted. Many coaches believe that the most important element in marathon training is the long run. Usually recreational runners try to reach a maximum of about 20 miles (approx. 32 km) at one time and about 40 miles (64 km) a week when training for the marathon. More experienced marathoners may run a longer distance, and more miles or kilometers during the week.

During marathon training, it is important to give your body adequate recovery time. If you feel fatigue or pain, you should take a break for a couple of days to let your body heal.

Before the race

During the last two or three weeks before the marathon, runners typically reduce their weekly training to allow their bodies to recover for a strong effort. Many marathoners carbo-load (increase their carbohydrate intake) during the week before the marathon to allow their bodies to store more glycogen.

Immediately before the race, many runners will refrain from eating solid food to avoid digestive problems. They will also ensure that they are fully hydrated and that they urinate and defecate beforehand. Many races will have portable toilet facilities, but lines can be long, especially at larger marathons. Light stretching before the race helps keep muscles limber.

During the race

Coaches recommend trying to maintain as steady a pace as possible when running a marathon. Water and light sports drinks such as Gatorade offered along the race course should be consumed regularly. Carbohydrate-based gels such as PowerGel are also a good way to get more energy, but these should be diluted with water. It is not a good idea to take carbohydrates in concentrated form, as they can cause nausea and vomiting.

Many runners report that running becomes noticeably more difficult around the 20 mile (30 kilometer) mark. In larger marathons, the cheers of the crowd along the course help runners keep their spirits up.

Typically, there is a maximum allowed time of about six hours after which the route is closed, although some larger marathons keep the course open considerably longer. For those running just for a hobby, times under four hours can be considered good. Having a target time makes it easier to keep a steady pace.

After the marathon

It is normal to experience muscle soreness after the marathon. Most runners will take about a week to recover from the marathon.

Famous marathon races

• Berlin Marathon
• Boston Marathon
• Chicago Marathon
• Honolulu Marathon
• London Marathon
• New York Marathon
• Twin Cities Marathon

  Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Marathon (sport)."

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Marathon (town), New York

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Marathon is a town located in Cortland County, New York. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 2,189.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 64.9 km² (25.1 mi²). 64.7 km² (25.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.36% water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 2,189 people, 814 households, and 598 families residing in the town. The population density is 33.8/km² (87.7/mi²). There are 861 housing units at an average density of 13.3 persons/km² (34.5 persons/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 98.49% White, 0.73% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 0.55% from two or more races. 0.55% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 814 households out of which 39.9% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% are married couples living together, 10.7% have a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 26.5% are non-families. 21.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.69 and the average family size is 3.10. In the town the population is spread out with 30.7% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 12.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 94.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.8 males. The median income for a household in the town is $34,274, and the median income for a family is $40,379. Males have a median income of $29,781 versus $22,125 for females. The per capita income for the town is $15,322. 10.9% of the population and 8.6% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 12.3% are under the age of 18 and 12.0% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Marathon (town), New York."

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Marathon (village), New York

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Marathon is a village located in Cortland County, New York. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 1,063.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 2.9 km² (1.1 mi²). None of the area is covered with water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 1,063 people, 419 households, and 286 families residing in the village. The population density is 363.2/km² (941.4/mi²). There are 439 housing units at an average density of 150.0 persons/km² (388.8 persons/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 98.97% White, 0.38% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 0.38% from two or more races. 0.56% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 419 households out of which 36.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.6% are married couples living together, 13.4% have a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 31.7% are non-families. 26.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.54 and the average family size is 3.03. In the village the population is spread out with 29.2% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 82.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 81.9 males. The median income for a household in the village is $32,639, and the median income for a family is $42,000. Males have a median income of $31,538 versus $23,500 for females. The per capita income for the village is $16,379. 12.4% of the population and 11.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 10.9% are under the age of 18 and 17.5% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Marathon (village), New York."

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Marathon, Florida

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Marathon is a city on Marathon Key and Boot Key, islands in the Florida Keys, and located in Monroe County, Florida. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 10,255.

Geography

Marathon is located at 24°43'35" North, 81°2'25" West (24.726310, -81.040327)¹.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.0 km² (9.6 mi²). 22.4 km² (8.6 mi²) of it is land and 2.6 km² (1.0 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 10.37% water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 10,255 people, 4,597 households, and 2,735 families residing in the city. The population density is 457.7/km² (1,186.1/mi²). There are 6,791 housing units at an average density of 303.1/km² (785.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 91.09% White, 4.65% African American, 0.36% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 2.00% from other races, and 1.38% from two or more races. 20.43% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There are 4,597 households out of which 20.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% are married couples living together, 7.5% have a female householder with no husband present, and 40.5% are non-families. 29.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.19 and the average family size is 2.68.

In the city the population is spread out with 17.3% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 28.6% from 25 to 44, 32.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 44 years. For every 100 females there are 110.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 111.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $36,010, and the median income for a family is $46,361. Males have a median income of $27,057 versus $24,592 for females. The per capita income for the city is $22,894. 14.2% of the population and 9.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 10.9% are under the age of 18 and 13.5% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Marathon, Florida."

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Marathon, Greece

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Marathon is a town in Greece, the site of the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC, in which the Athenian army defeated the Persians. A legendary run of a messenger named Phidippides from Marathon to Sparta ahead of the battle forms the basis for the modern-day marathon race.

The plain of Marathon today

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Marathon, Greece."

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Marathon, Iowa

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Marathon is a city located in Buena Vista County, Iowa. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 302.

Geography

Marathon is located at 42°51'36" North, 94°58'54" West (42.860021, -94.981731)¹. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.9 km² (0.7 mi²). 1.9 km² (0.7 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 302 people, 138 households, and 77 families residing in the city. The population density is 159.7/km² (412.7/mi²). There are 162 housing units at an average density of 85.7/km² (221.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 98.01% White, 0.00% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 1.66% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 2.65% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 138 households out of which 18.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.1% are married couples living together, 7.2% have a female householder with no husband present, and 44.2% are non-families. 38.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 18.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.19 and the average family size is 2.96. In the city the population is spread out with 24.5% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 24.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 44 years. For every 100 females there are 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.9 males. The median income for a household in the city is $20,982, and the median income for a family is $26,042. Males have a median income of $23,750 versus $17,000 for females. The per capita income for the city is $12,751. 22.5% of the population and 19.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 34.4% are under the age of 18 and 17.2% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Marathon, Iowa."

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Marathon, Texas

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Marathon is a town located in Brewster County, Texas. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 455.

Geography

Marathon is located at 30°12'27" North, 103°14'36" West (30.207529, -103.243258)¹. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 13.6 km² (5.2 mi²). 13.6 km² (5.2 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 455 people, 198 households, and 126 families residing in the town. The population density is 33.5/km² (86.6/mi²). There are 287 housing units at an average density of 21.1/km² (54.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 82.42% White, 0.88% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 13.19% from other races, and 3.52% from two or more races. 53.19% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 198 households out of which 24.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% are married couples living together, 8.1% have a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% are non-families. 32.3% of all households are made up of individuals and 13.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.30 and the average family size is 2.87. In the town the population is spread out with 21.1% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 17.1% from 25 to 44, 33.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.3% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 46 years. For every 100 females there are 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 108.7 males. The median income for a household in the town is $22,273, and the median income for a family is $27,500. Males have a median income of $22,500 versus $20,938 for females. The per capita income for the town is $17,884. 23.2% of the population and 13.2% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 46.7% are under the age of 18 and 13.9% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Marathon, Texas."

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Marathon, Wisconsin

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Marathon is a town located in Marathon County, Wisconsin. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 1,085.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 85.6 km² (33.0 mi²). 85.5 km² (33.0 mi²) of it is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.09% water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 1,085 people, 365 households, and 305 families residing in the town. The population density is 12.7/km² (32.9/mi²). There are 374 housing units at an average density of 4.4/km² (11.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 99.54% White, 0.00% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.09% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.46% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 365 households out of which 41.6% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.1% are married couples living together, 4.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 16.2% are non-families. 14.5% of all households are made up of individuals and 5.8% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.97 and the average family size is 3.31. In the town the population is spread out with 29.6% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 108.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 105.9 males. The median income for a household in the town is $51,250, and the median income for a family is $57,083. Males have a median income of $35,109 versus $26,184 for females. The per capita income for the town is $18,906. 4.7% of the population and 4.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 5.9% are under the age of 18 and 1.9% are 65 or older.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Marathon, Wisconsin."

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Modern Usage: Marathon

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Commercial Usage: Marathon

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Image Slideshow: Marathon

Photos: Marathon More pictures...

Illustrations: Marathon More pictures...

Computer Images: Marathon More pictures...

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Photo Album: Marathon

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Effect of the marathon craze. Credit: Library of Congress.		The finish of the marathon. Credit: Library of Congress.
	Zuni marathon racer--figure study. Credit: Library of Congress.		Tioughnioga River near Marathon, N.Y. Credit: Library of Congress.
	1981 Boston Marathon / KN Martin. Credit: Library of Congress.
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

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Digital Photo Gallery: Marathon
 

"Ass City Marathon" by Mark Davis Commentary: "Downtown Toledo, Ohio displaying the upcoming marathon in a humorous way."	"London Marathon 2003" by Vi Xs Commentary: "London Marathon Green Start 2003."
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers.

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Familiar Quotations: Marathon

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Non-Fiction Usage: Marathon

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Usage Frequency: Marathon

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Usage in Company Names: Marathon

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

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Cities: Marathon

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