Maintain

Definitions: Maintain

Maintain

Verb

1. Keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., "keep clean"; "hold in place"; "She always held herself as a lady"; "The students keep me on my toes".

2. Keep in perfect or unaltered condition; "We preserve these archeological findings"; "The old lady could not keep up the building".

3. Supply with necessities and support: "She alone sustained her family"; "The money will sustain our good cause"; "There's little to earn and many to keep".

4. State categorically.

5. Of power or authority.

6. Maintain for use and service; "I keep a car in the countryside"; "She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips".

7. Maintain by writing regular records; "keep a diary"; "maintain a record"; "keep notes".

8. State or assert; "He maintained his innocence".

9. Support against an opponent; "The appellate court upheld the verdict".

10. : observe correctly or closely; "The pianist kept time with the metronome"; "keep count"; "I cannot keep track of all my employees".

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "maintain" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1050. (references)

Note: Maintain \Main*tain\, transitive verb. [imperative past participle Maintained; present participle verb or noun Maintaining.]. (Websters 1913)

Literature

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Synonyms: Maintain

Affirmation

Put forth, put forward; advance, allege, propose, propound, enunciate, broach, set forth, hold out, maintain, contend, pronounce, pretend.

Agency

Verb: be -in action; Adjective: operate, work; act, act upon; perform, play, support, sustain, strain, maintain, take effect, quicken, strike.

Avoidance

Verb: abstain, refrain, spare, not attempt; not do; maintain the even tenor of one's way.

Continuance in action

Verb: continue, persist; go on, jog on, keep on, run on, hold on; abide, keep, pursue, stick to its course, take its course, maintain its course; carry on, keep up.

Sustain, uphold, hold up, keep on foot; follow up, perpetuate; maintain; preserve; a; harp upon; (repeat).

Defense

Stand on the defensive, act on the defensive; show fight; maintain one;s ground, stand one's ground; stand by; hold one's own; bear the brunt, stand the brunt; fall back upon, hold, stand in the gap.

Permanence

Verb: let alone, let be, let it be; persist, remain, stay, tarry, rest; stet; hold, hold on; last, endure, bide, abide, aby, dwell, maintain, keep; stand, stand still, stand fast; subsist, live, outlive, survive; hold one's ground, keep one's ground, hold one's footing, keep one's footing; hold good.

Perseverance

Verb: persevere, persist; hold on, hold out; die in the last ditch, be in at the death; stick to, cling to, adhere to; stick to one's text, keep on; keep to one's course, keep to one's ground, maintain one's course, maintain one's ground; go all lengths, go through fire and water; bear up, keep up, hold up; plod; stick to work; (work); continue; follow up; die in harness, die at one's post.

Preservation

Verb: preserve, maintain, keep, sustain, support, hold; keep up, keep alive; refrigerate, keep on ice;not willingly let die; bank up; nurse; save, rescue; be safe, make safe; take care of; (care); guard; (defend).

Support

Maintain, keep on foot; aid.

Crosswords: Maintain

Will you let me maintain some semblance of managerial control here? (Clerks.; writing credit: Kevin Smith)

Maintain discipline! (The Rock; writing credit: David Weisberg; Douglas Cook)

How can we maintain decorum if our spiritual leader is trying to put his hand up Miss Cascara's skirt? (Water; writing credit: Dick Clement; Ian La Frenais)

Someone has to maintain balance, you know. (Buffy the Vampire Slayer; writing credit: Doreen Spicer)

-Crew members are required to work out to maintain muscle tone. (Earth Star Voyager; writing credit: Ed Spielman)

And maintain to leave blood stains so don't complain ("Keep Their Headz Ringin"; performing artist: Dr. Dre)

She drinks champagne to maintain her style ("Tricky, tricky"; performing artist: Lou Bega)

Crime Does Not Pay: Maintain the Right (1940)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Books

• How to Restore and Maintain Your Vespa Motorscooter (reference)

  (more book examples)

Music

• Maintain (reference)

  (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

The energy source needed to create and maintain the galactic jet in galaxy PKS 0521-36 is ...Credit: NASA.

Flooding along the Mississippi River Refugees from the flood maintain their livestock on the top of a levee.Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.

An aerial view of a cell grazing system where livestock are rotated from one cell to another. This helps maintain healthy grasses in all cells and prevents over grazing.Credit: Tim McCabe.

Constructed drainage ditch in north-central Iowa. Drainage districts were formed in the 1900's to build and maintain such major drainage ditches to allow better drainage of croplands.Credit: Lynn Betts.

Dairy cows (Holsteins) being cooled by sprayers during hot summer to maintain milk production. Using practical cooling methods for maximum milk production--contented, cool, cows give more milk. Eastern Louisiana.Credit: Bob Nichols.

Dairy cows (Holsteins) being cooled by sprayers during hot summer to maintain milk production. Using practical cooling methods for maximum milk production--contented, cool, cows give more milk. Eastern Louisiana.Credit: Bob Nichols.

Elbert Wells, NRCS Project Leader, Delaware Estuary Program, and students from the Hartranft Elementary School in Philadelphia, PA, collect seed heads from marigolds for next year's flowers. The students plant, maintain, and harvest flowers and vegetables.Credit: Bob Nichols.

Even in one of North Carolina's most populas counties, Wake, quality crops are still grown. Teresa Hice, conservationist with Wake SWCD works with local farmer to maintain productivity and protect the environment.Credit: Bob Nichols.

Join the fight against aids Maintain regular sex partner.Credit: National Library of Medicine.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

This were to put themselves into a worse condition than the state of nature, wherein they had a liberty to defend their right against the injuries of others, and were upon equal terms of force to maintain it, whether invaded by a single man, or many in combination. (Second Treatise of Government)

Clause 1: The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; Clause 2: To borrow Money on the credit of the United States; Clause 3: To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; Clause 4: To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States; Clause 5: To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures; Clause 6: To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States; Clause 7: To establish Post Offices and post Roads; Clause 8: To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries; Clause 9: To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court; Clause 10: To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations; Clause 11: To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; Clause 12: To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years; Clause 13: To provide and maintain a Navy; Clause 14: To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces; Clause 15: To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; Clause 16: To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress; Clause 17: To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, byCession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;--And Clause 18: To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. (reference)

And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons. (Abraham Lincoln)

Third.�The payment to the employed of a wage adequate to maintain a reasonable standard of life as this is understood in their time and country. (reference)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

He has a wife and family to maintain, and is not to be giving away his time.

There was no need for me to maintain the conversation.

And still, we maintain, they were always welcome.

Since I am crept in favour with myself, I will maintain it with some little cost.

That I left it to get riches, whereby I might maintain myself and family when I should return.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Health

Maintain good nutrition. (references)

Maintain well-balanced nutrition. (references)

Maintain proper hand-washing habits. (references)

Business

Police forces maintain internal security. (references)

This makes it impossible to maintain quality programs. (references)

United States maintain 70 percent of import market share. (references)

Children

Algeria

Legal experts maintain that the Penal and Family Codes do not offer children sufficient protection. (references)

Ukraine

Advocacy groups for persons with disabilities maintain that there is societal discrimination against persons with disabilities. (references)

Finland

Local governments maintain a free transport service that provides a minimum of 18 free trips per month for each person with disabilities. (references)

Civil Liberties

Venezuela

In October the IPI decided to maintain the country on the watch list. (references)

Qatar

It does not maintain an official approved register of religious congregations. (references)

Iran

Baha'is may not teach or practice their faith or maintain links with coreligionists abroad. (references)

Discrimination

Chad

In practice cultural traditions maintain women in a status subordinate to men, and the Government favors its ethnic supporters and allies. (references)

Hong Kong

The Equal Opportunities Commission continued to maintain that the elderly were discriminated against in the allocation of public housing, but noted that it was powerless to help, because there was no legislation prohibiting age discrimination. (references)

Economic History

Tanzania

First, it enables firms to maintain continuity. (references)

Human Rights

Kenya

Several NGO's maintain comprehensive files on human rights abuses. (references)

Jordan

Protesters continued to maintain that police caused the death and injuries. (references)

Burundi

Some senior authorities maintain members of their families outside the country. (references)

Indigenous People

Trinidad and Tobago

They maintain social ties with each other and other aboriginal groups and are not subject to discrimination. (references)

Paraguay

Lack of access to sufficient land also hinders the ability of indigenous groups to progress economically and maintain their cultural identity. (references)

Canada

Indian leaders maintain that a sovereign Quebec would treat Indians as another ethnic minority instead of as sovereign nations within the territory of the province. (references)

Minorities

Brazil

Some of these groups maintain Web sites that espouse violence. (references)

Algeria

Amazigh nationalists have sought to maintain their own cultural and linguistic identity in the face of the Government's continued Arabization program. (references)

China

Although government policies have brought tangible economic improvements to Xinjiang, Uighurs maintain that Han receive a disproportionate share of the benefits. (references)

Political Economy

UKRAINE

Ukraine has taken several measures to maintain exchange rate stability. (references)

INDIA

The RBI intervenes in the foreign exchange market to maintain a stable rupee. (references)

HUNGARY

Foreigners and Hungarians can maintain both hard currency and forint accounts. (references)

Political Rights

Zimbabwe

In 1999 the CC released a draft constitution that would maintain a strong presidency. (references)

Bangladesh

The new law requires political parties to maintain accounts and keep records of campaign contributions and expenses. (references)

Saudi Arabia

The King rules on civil and religious matters within certain limitations established by religious law, tradition, and the need to maintain consensus among the ruling family and religious leaders. (references)

Trade

Spain

Many of them also maintain an international presence. (references)

Switzerland

Some important Swiss importers maintain their own account. (references)

Guatemala

The agreement is intended to maintain lower costs of imported products. (references)

Travel

Croatia

Major hotels in Zagreb maintain fully equipped business centers. (references)

Oman

The Omani government inspects restaurants to maintain hygienic standards. (references)

Georgia

However, foreign visitors are advised to maintain their usual level of punctuality. (references)

Women

Barbados

The center also has a hot line for clients who wish to maintain their anonymity. (references)

Pakistan

A husband legally is bound to maintain his wife until 3 months after the divorce. (references)

Kuwait

Educated women maintain that the conservative nature of society limits career opportunities. (references)

Worker Rights

China

NGO's maintain that this figure is inaccurately high. (references)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

The islands' unions maintain a variety of international ties. (references)

Nepal

Employers must maintain records of all 14-to 16-year-old laborers. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references.

Expressions using "maintain": bound to maintain ♦ exert oneself to maintain ♦ maintain a family ♦ maintain correspondence ♦ maintain good relations ♦ maintain law and order ♦ maintain one's innocence ♦ maintain the even tenor of one's way ♦ to maintain under reflux conditions. Additional references.

Ending with "maintain": easy-to-maintain.

Afrikaan

bewaar (conserve, keep, preserve), argumenteer, behou (conserve, hang, hang onto, hold, keep, preserve, rescue, retain, save), bêre (conserve, keep, preserve, put away, store, stow). (various references)

Albanian

mbroj (assert, champion, cover, cushion, defend, fend, fight, guard, hold, keep, plead, preserve, protect, save, shield, stick up for, watch over), mbaj në këmbë, mbaj financiarisht, mbaj (attach, Bate, bear, breed, carry, deduct, enshrine, force upon, get off, give, have, have smth. on, hold, keep, keep on, man, perform, pitch, preserve, refrain, respect, retain, save, support, sustain, wear, withhold), vazhdoj (carry on, carry over, continue, extend, go ahead, go on, hold on, hold over, keep, keep on, pick up, press on, proceed, prosecute, pursue, push on, run, spread), shfrytëzoj (avail oneself of, embrace, exercise, exploit, harness, make the best, make the most of, make use of, milk, quarry, use, utilize, work, work out), ruaj (bear, conserve, cure, enshrine, guard, hold, hug, keep, lay up, police, preserve, protect, put by, reserve, retain, safeguard, save, secure, shield, spare, spin out, tend, ware, watch, watch over), pohoj (admit, affirm, allege, assert, aver, avouch, avow, bear out, claim, confirm, have, predicate, protest, reassert). (various references)

Arabic 

‏حافظ (custodian, lie low, look after, preservative, preserve, take part, tutelary), ‏صان (arm, conserve, cover, defend, embalm, ensure, fence, fend, preserve, protect, repair, safeguard, screen, steady, tend, vindicate), ‏إعتصم (adhere, cling, hang, keep, trench), ‏أنفق على, ‏بقي على. (various references)

Bulgarian 

храня (aliment, bait, cherish, do, entertain, feed, indulge, nourish, nurse), твърдя (affirm, allege, argue, assert, aver, avouch, charge, claim, predicate, profess), отстоявам (assert, champion, defend, receive, stand up for, uphold, vindicate), обслужвам (cater for, handle, service, tend, valet, wait on, wait upon), заявявам (affirm, allege, assert, aver, avow, declare, enounce, predicate, proclaim, profess, protest, set out, state), защитавам (champion, defend, guard, keep, protect, shelter, shield, solicit, vindicate, ward), запазвам (hold over, keep, preserve, protect, reserve, retain, save, secure, set aside), експлоатирам (drive, exploit, milk, operate, run, work), поддържам (adhere, atlas, back, bear, buoy, carry, contend, expound, favour, feed, fuel, help on, hold, hold up, keep, keep up, nourish, play along, ply, promote, prop up, pull for, retain, run, service, side with, stand for, stand in with, support, sustain, take, upbear, uphold, vindicate, vouch), издържам (endure, fend for, hold, hold on, hold out, keep, last, pass, receive, stand, subsist, support, sustain, take, wear out, withstand), държа (conserve, held, hold, keep, nurse, own, poise, stand on, stick to, sway). (various references)

Chinese 

認定 (be of the firm opinion that, to firmly believe), 維護 (defense, protect, safeguard, uphold), 秉 (hold, to grasp), 维护 (maintained, Maintaining, maintenance, Upheld, uphold), 持 (direct, manage, support, to grasp, to hold), 安定 (calm and orderly, quiet, settled, stabilize, stabilized, stable), 保留 (continue to have, hold back, reservations, reserve, retain, to preserve), 保全 (keep in good repair, preserve, save from damage). (various references)

Czech

udržovat (conserve, keep, sustain), starat se o (attend to, care for, cherish, look after, mind, take care of), provádìt údržbu, prohlašovat (allege, asseverate, claim), hájit (defend, keep, plead, preserve, protect, stick up for), živit (feed, nourish, nurture, suckle, support). (various references)

Danish

beholde (conserve, keep, preserve, rescue, save). (various references)

Dutch

vertogen, betogen (demonstrate), argumenteren. (various references)

Esperanto

konservi (conserve, keep, preserve), argumenti. (various references)

Faeroese

varðveita (conserve, keep, preserve). (various references)

Farsi 

مدعی بودن , نگهداری کردن (Conserve, Keep, Patronize, Protect, Upkeep, Ward), حمایت کردن از (Assist, Espouse, Sustain, Uphold, Vindicate), ادامه دادن (Continue, Extend, Further, Keep, Run, Runon), ابقاکردن . (various references)

Finnish

säilyttää (conserve, keep, preserve, retain, store, sustain). (various references)

French

conserver, maintenir. (various references)

German

warten (abide, attend, await, camp-on, camp-on busy, expect, hang about, hold off, hold on, holding, look after, lookouts, nurse, ring when free, service, tend, tend to, to groom, to service, wait, wait about, wait around, wait for, waiting), erhalten (be awarded, be given, conserve, get, have, keep, obtain, obtained, poll, preserve, recd, receive, support, sustain, to achieve, to conceive, to conserve, to obtain), beibehalten (held, keep, keep up, maintained, retain, retained, to retain). (various references)

Greek 

υποστηρίζω (assert, back, back up, befriend, bolster, contend, countenance, patronize, predicate, prop, second, shore, sponsor, stand by, stand up for, submit, support, sustain, underpin, uphold), διατηρώ (cherish, conserve, hold, keep, keep up, pickle, preserve, retain). (various references)

Hebrew 

לתמוך (advocate, back, brace, buttress, champion, stand by, stay, support, sustain, take sides), לתחזק (keep up, upkeep), לקים (affirm, attest, conform, fulfill, keep, sustain), לפר� ס (keep, provide, supply, support), לזון (feed, nourish, nurture), לאשר (affirm, approve, asseverate, authorise, bear out, certify, confirm, corroborate, endorse, indorse, obsignate, sanction, testify, uphold, vouch), לכלכל (contain, feed, manage, nourish, provide for, sustain), ל�"חזיק (grip, hold, keep, wield). (various references)

Hungarian

támogat (abet, advocate, aid, assist, back, back up, bear up, befriend, bolster, champion, espouse, Favor, favour, Foster, further, help, hold up, lean, promote, provide support, reinforce, side, stand for, stick by, subsidize, support, sustain, to advocate, to aid, to assist, to back up, to bolster up, to come out for sy, to espouse, to faster, to favor, to flank, to foster, to further, to give countenance to sy, to hold up, to patronize, to second, to side with sy, to subserve, to subsidize, to succour, to support, to thicken, upbear, uphold), támaszt (lean, prop, support, to chock, to chock up, to prop, to prop up, to support), kezel (administer, handle, manage, operate, to attend, to manage, to manipulate, to play, to treat, to vet, treat, wield), karbantart (to service), javít (amend, beef up, correct, darn, emend, improve, mend, optimize, repair, to ameliorate, to amend, to break a record, to cobble, to darn, to improve, to mend, to put in repair, to touch up), fenntart (keep, keep up, nourish, perpetuate, reserve, to buoy, to buoy up, to carry on, to hold up, to keep up, to nourish, to reserve, to support, to vindicate, uphold), ellát (administer, cater, fit out, fit up, fit with, provide, ration, supply, tend, to cater, to deck over, to electrify, to emboss, to fit out, to fit up, to furnish, to fuse, to fuze, to graduate, to groom, to horse, to initial, to issue, to lattice, to minister, to page, to ply, to rig, to sheathe, to trellis), érvel (argue, bring to reason, to argue, to reason). (various references)

Indonesian

memelihara (grow, keep, look after, take care, tend). (various references)

Italian

conservare (conserve, corn, keep, preserve, remain, reserve, retain, save, store up), mantenere (abide by, earn one's living, entertain, hold, keep, preserve, shore up, support, sustain). (various references)

Japanese Kanji 

確保 (ensure, guarantee, insure, secure), 存置 (continue, retain). (various references)

Japanese Katakana 

そ�"ち (continue, retain), かくほ (ensure, guarantee, insure, secure). (various references)

Korean 

� 지하십시�" (retain). (various references)

Manx

pohlldey (maintenance), pohlldal (warrant), freayll ayns oardyr, cummal seose (maintenance, preserve, support, sustain), cummal magh (endure, hold off, hold out, survive), breearey (aver, pledge), beeaghey (alimentation, feed, nurture, nutrition, support), beaghey (feed, foodstuffs, live, livelihood, nourish, nourishment, nurture, nutrition, sustenance). (various references)

Papiamen

konservá (conserve, keep, preserve), argumentá. (various references)

Pig Latin

aintainmay.(various references)

Portuguese

conservar (conserve, keep, preserve, preserving, recoup, reserve, retain, to candy, to pickle, to preserve, to treat). (various references)

Romanian

menţine (abide by, continue, keep, keep on, remain, retain), susţine (advocate, affirm, allege, argue, assert, back, back up, bear, bear up, bolster, buoy, buttress, carry, champion, claim, contend, countenance, defend, encourage, endorse, entertain, Favor, favour, fortify, give countenance to smb., hold, hold up, pep, promote, prop, reinforce, sanction, second, speed, sponsor, submit, support, underlie, uphold, vindicate), pretinde (allege, assert, challenge, charge, claim, command, contend, exact, insist, make oneself out, make out, pretend, purport, require), pãstra (conserve, guard, have, hold, keep, observe, preserve, remain, reserve, retain, store), apãra (advocate, champion, cover, defend, fence, fend, guard, keep, protect, safeguard, save, shelter, shield, ward), afirma (affirm, allege, assert, aver, avouch, claim, declare, hold, predicate, purport, remark, say, speak to, state, submit, undertake), întreţine (carry, do, entertain, feed, keep, keep in repair, provide for, store, support). (various references)

Russian 

поддерживать (atlas, back, back up, bear out, bear up, befriend, bolster, buoy, buttress, carry, countenance, encourage, encouraged by, exhort, give support to, hold up, keep up, scaffolds, stand by, support, supported, sustain, underpin, upbear, uphold). (various references)

Scottish

biadh (food, nourish, nourishment), beathaich (sustain). (various references)

Serbo-Croatian

sačuvati (lay by, preserve, save, tuck), održavati (keep), održati (keep, keep up, preserve, stand, sustain), izdržavati (keep, support). (various references)

Spanish

conservar (can, conserve, hang on, house, keep, keep up, lay away, lay by, leave over, obtain, preserve, recd, receive, recieve, retain), guardar (bear, bosom, conserve, envision, fence, filibeg, guard, hang on, herd, hold, hold back, hold on to, house, keep, keep back, lay aside, lay away, lay by, lay up, leave in, look, observe, preserve, protect, put away, put back, put by, retain, save, shelter, tend, treasure, wait, ward, watch). (various references)

Swedish

upprätthålla (enforce, keep up), underhålla (alimony, amuse, divert, entertain, feed, keep, keep up, maintenance, support), bibehålla (continue, keep, keep up, preserve), bevara (conserve, embalm, keep, maintaining, perpetuate, preserve, protect, retain, save). (various references)

Turkish

sağlamak (accommodate, accommodate smb. with, arm, assure, carry, cater, cater for, come in, derive, enlist, ensure, extract, fend for, find, fix, fix up, furnish, get out of, implement, keep, lay in, lay on, make, obtain, procure, provide, provide with, provision, purvey, secure, suck, supply, yield), sürdürmek (carry on, continue, elongate, follow, go ahead with smth., keep, keep going, keep on, keep the ball rolling, keep up, lead, perpetuate, persist, prolong, prosecute, pursue, remain, support, sustain, uphold, wage), korumak (buffer, charm, cocoon, conserve, convoy, cover, defend, embosom, embower, encourage, escort, fence, guard, indemnify, keep, keep guard, patronize, preserve, protect, safeguard, save, screen, secure, shade, shelter, shield, spare, sponsor, vindicate, ward), geçindirmek (feed, find, keep up, set up, subsist, support, sustain), bakmak (answer, attend, behold, care for, concern oneself, consider, consult, deem, do for, face, feed, fend for, find, Foster, front, front on to, give a look, groom, have a frontage on, have a look-see, keep, look, look after, look at, look on, look out, look through, look upon, make sure, nurse, overlook, put out to nurse, refer, regard, scan, see, see to, set eyes on, sight, sit in, suckle, superintend, supervise, support, survey, take a gander, take a look, take a look at, tend, turn up, view, wait on, wait upon, watch). (various references)

Ukranian 

субсидіювати, утримувати (aliment, cater, deduct, detain, deter, hold, interdict, keep, retain, subsist), підтримувати (aliment, back, back up, bear up, block, bolster, carry, cheer, corroborate, encourage, favour, fortify, get behind, hold up, keep alive, play up, prop, pull, push, second, sponsor, stand for, support, sustain, underpin, underset, upbear, uphold). (various references)

Welsh

maentumio, taeru (affirm, contend, insist, wrangle), cynnal (hold, support, sustain, uphold). (various references)

Zulu

-gcina (come to an end, conserve, end, end up, expire, keep, preserve). (various references)

adali, alam, alas, alat, alatur, alebat, alenda, alendis, alerentur, aletur, alimis, alis, alit, aliti, alitur, alo, alo (alui altum), alta, altam, altas, alti, altis, alto, altos, altum, altus, alui, alvi, colam, colamus, colant, colas, colatis, colebant, colebantur, colebat, colendi, colendum, colens, colent, colentibus, colentis, colentium, colere, colerent, coles, colet, colimus, colit, colitis, colitur, colius, colo, color, colueris, coluerisque, colueritis, coluerunt, coluistis, coluit, colunt, conserva, conservabant, conservabat, conservabit, conservabunt, conservabuntur, conservantibus, conservare, conservari, conservasti, conservat, conservata, conservatae, conservatam, conservate, conservati, conservatis, conservatur, conservaveritis, conservaverunt, conservavit, conservent, conserves, conservet, conservo, culti, cultu, cultum, cultura, culturae, culturam, cultus, exculta, foras, foris, foro, fota, foveam, foveas, foveat, fovebuntur, foveris, fovet, fovit, manu tenere, obtentu, obtinebas, obtinebat, obtinebimus, obtinebis, obtinebit, obtinebitis, obtinebunt, obtinendam, obtinent, obtinere, obtinerent, obtineret, obtinet, obtinuerant, obtinuerat, obtinuerimus, obtinueris, obtinuerunt, obtinueruntque, obtinui, obtinuissent, obtinuisset, obtinuit, retineo, subal, suscipio, teneo. (various references)

gehealdan. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.