Magnetism

Definitions: Magnetism

Magnetism

Noun

1. Attraction for iron; associated with electric currents as well as magnets; characterized by fields of force.

2. The branch of science that studies magnetism.

Date "magnetism" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references)

Specialty Definitions: Magnetism

Domain	Definitions
Satire	MAGNETISM, n. Something acting upon a magnet. The two definitions immediately foregoing are condensed from the works of one thousand eminent scientists, who have illuminated the subject with a great white light, to the inexpressible advancement of human knowledge. Source: Devil's Dictionary.
Electrical Engineering	That part of science which deals with magnetic fields and of bodies influenced by them. Source: European Union. (references)
Mining	A. That property of iron, steel, and some other substances, by virtue of which they exert forces of attraction and repulsion according to fixed laws b. The science that is concerned with the conditions and laws of magneticforce. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Magnetism

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

In physics, magnetism is a phenomenon by which materials exert an attractive or repulsive force on other materials. Magnetism arises whenever electrically charged particles are in motion. Some well known materials that exhibit magnetic properties are iron, some steels, and the mineral lodestone. All materials are influenced to one degree or another by the presence of a magnetic field, although in some cases the influence is too small to detect without special equipment.

Magnetic forces are fundamental forces that arise due to the movement of electrically charged particles. Maxwell's equations describe the origin and behavior of the fields that govern these forces (see also Biot-Savart's Law).

For the case of electric current moving through a wire, the resulting field is directed according to the "right hand rule". If the right hand is used as a model, and the thumb of the right hand points along the wire from positive towards the negative side, then the magnetic field will wrap around the wire in the direction indicated by the fingers of the right hand. If a loop is formed, such that the charged particles are traveling in a circle, then all of the field lines in the center of the loop are directed in the same direction. The result is called a magnetic dipole. When placed in a magnetic field, a magnetic dipole will tend to align itself with that field. For the case of a loop, if the fingers of the right hand are directed in the direction of current flow, the thumb will point in the direction corresponding to the North pole of the dipole.

Units related to magnetism

Magnetic Dipoles

Magnetic dipoles or magnetic moments can often result on the atomic scale due to the movements of electrons. Each electron has magnetic moments that originate from two sources. The first is the orbital motion of the electron around the nucleus. In a sense this motion can be considered as a current loop, resulting in a magnetic moment along its axis of rotation. The second source of electronic magnetic moment is due to a quantum mechanical property called spin.

In an atom the orbital magnetic moments of some electron pairs cancel each other. The same is true for the spin magnetic moments. The overall magnetic moment of the atom is thus the sum of all of the magnetic moments of the individual electrons, accounting for moment cancellation between properly paired electrons. For the case of a completely filled electron shell or subshell, the magnetic moments completely cancel each other out. Thus only atoms with partially filled electron shells have a magnetic moment. The magnetic properties of materials are in large part determined by the nature and magnitude of the atomic magnetic moments.

Several forms of magnetic behavior have been observed including:

Diamagnetism
Paramagnetism
- Molecular magnet
Ferromagnetism
- Antiferromagnetism
- Ferrimagnetism
- Metamagnetism
Spin glass
Superparamagnetism

Highly magnetic stars called magnetars are also believed to exist.

Models of Magnetic Material

Magnetic material may be modelled by a system of spins located at positions in a lattice, where the interaction of neighboring spins contributes to the total energy of the system and the states of the spins change according to some non-deterministic (probabalistic) rule (the dynamics of the system). In the Ising model spins have only two possible states (up and down), whereas in the Potts model they may have more than two possible states. This is discussed in detail in Spin Models, particularly in the section Modelling Magnetic Material and subsequent sections.

Synonyms: Magnetism

Synonyms: magnetic attraction (n), magnetic force (n), magnetics (n). (additional references)

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Synonyms within Context: Magnetism

Context	Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus).
Motive	Inducement, consideration; attraction; loadstone; magnet, magnetism, magnetic force; allectation, allective; temptation, enticement, agacerie, allurement, witchery; bewitchment, bewitchery; charm; spell; fascination, blandishment, cajolery; seduction, seducement; honeyed words, voice of the tempter, song of the Sirens forbidden fruit, golden apple.
Power	Pressure; conductivity; elasticity; gravity, electricity, magnetism, galvanism, voltaic electricity, voltaism, electromagnetism; atomic power, nuclear power, thermonuclear power; fuel cell; hydraulic power, water power, hydroelectric power; solar power, solar energy, solar panels; tidal power; wind power; attraction; vis inertiae, vis mortua, vis viva; potential energy, dynamic energy; dynamic friction, dynamic suction; live circuit, live rail, live wire.
Recession	Electrical attraction, electricity, static electricity, static, static cling; magnetism, magnetic attraction; gravity, attraction of gravitation.
Sorcery	Noun: sorcery; occult art, occult sciences; magic, the black art, necromancy, theurgy, thaumaturgy; demonology, demonomy, demonship; diablerie, bedevilment; witchcraft, witchery; glamor; fetishism, fetichism, feticism; ghost dance, hoodoo; obi, obiism; voodoo, voodooism; Shamanism, vampirism; conjuration; bewitchery, exorcism, enchantment, mysticism, second sight, mesmerism, animal magnetism; od force, odylic force; electrobiology, clairvoyance; spiritualism, spirit rapping, table turning.
Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus.

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Crosswords: Magnetism

English words defined with "magnetism": Animal magnetism, Astatic pair, Axial line ♦ Biomagnetism ♦ Charles Augustin de Coulomb, Coercitive force, coulomb ♦ Deviation of the compass ♦ Electro-biology, electromagnetic, Electro-magnetic, electromagnetic unit, electromagnetism, Electro-magnetism, emu ♦ ferromagnetism ♦ gauss, gilbert, gyrocompass ♦ induction, Isodynamic lines, Isogonic lines ♦ J. C. Maxwell, James Clerk Maxwell ♦ Karl Friedrich Gauss, Karl Gauss ♦ line of force, Louis Eugene Felix Neel ♦ magnetic, Magnetic elements, Magnetic fluid, magnetic pole, Magnetical, magnetically, Magnetician, magnetics, Magnetiferous, Magnetist, Magnetizee, Magnetizer, Magneto-, maxwell, Mechanico-chemical ♦ Neel ♦ Oligist ♦ permanent magnet, personal magnetism, Photomagnetism, Pieter Zeeman, Polar forces, pole, Pyromagnetic ♦ Remanent magnetism, Residual magnetism ♦ Somnolism, static magnet ♦ Tellurism, Terrestrial magnetism, Thermomagnetism ♦ weber, Wilhelm Eduard Weber, William Gilbert ♦ Zeeman. (references)

Specialty definitions using "magnetism": Curie's law ♦ geomagnetism, Gommesson method ♦ induced magnetism, Inverse Square Law, isodynamic line ♦ Lion ♦ magnet, magnetic feeder, magnetic flocculation, magnetic memory, magnetically latched crosspoint, magnetoelectric ♦ NANOTESLA ♦ permanent magnetism ♦ subpermanent magnetism. (references)

Etymologies containing "magnetism": Biomagnetism ♦ Phrenomagnetism ♦ Tellurism, Thermomagnetism. (references)

Non-English Usage: "Magnetism" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

Romanian (Magnetics, magnetism), Swedish (magnetism).

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Modern Usage: Magnetism

Domain	Usage
Screenplays	Ling, one of the disadvantages of having magnetism is that you bring people out, people that otherwise would go unnoticed. (Ally McBeal; writing credit: Henri Vernes) Sheer magnetism, darling. (Live and Let Die; writing credit: Tom Mankiewicz)
Movie/TV Titles	Magnetism (1999)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Commercial Usage: Magnetism

Domain	Title
Books	Electricity and Magnetism, Vol. II (reference) Money Magnetism : How To Attract What You Need When You Need It (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Journal Of Magnetism And Magnetic Materials (reference) (more periodical examples)

Theater & Movies	Magic of Magnetism (reference) (more DVD examples; more video examples)

Music	Animal Magnetism (reference) Animal Magnetism [ORIGINAL RECORDING REMASTERED] (reference) (more classical music examples; more popular music examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Image Slideshow: Magnetism

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Photo Album: Magnetism

Thumbnail	Description & Credit	Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	A Z-Variometer. Instrument measures relative changes in vertical component of Earth's magnetism.Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.		Nicholas L. Heck Fully developed wiredrag, invented Radio Acoustic Ranging Head of Divsion of Terrestrial Magnetism and Seismology.Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection.
	Animal Magnetism : The Operator putting his Patient into a Crisis. / Dodd del.Credit: National Library of Medicine.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Non-Fiction Usage: Magnetism

Subject	Topic	Quote
Lexicography	Devil's Dictionary	MAGNET, n. Something acted upon by magnetism.
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

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Usage Frequency: Magnetism

"Magnetism" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.41% of the time. "Magnetism" is used about 170 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)

Parts of Speech	Percent	Usage per 100 Million Words	Rank in English
Noun (singular)	99.41%	169	23,972
Noun (proper)	0.59%	1	339,140
Total	100.00%	170	N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

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Expression: Magnetism

Expressions using "magnetism": Animal magnetism ♦ personal magnetism ♦ remanent magnetism ♦ residual magnetism ♦ terrestrial magnetism. Additional references.
Hypenated Usage
	Ending with "magnetism": electro-magnetism.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Magnetism

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day
magnetism	247
electricity and magnetism	37
magnetism pure	18
animal magnetism	16
earth magnetism	11
personal magnetism	7
physics of magnetism	7
magnet magnetism	6
magnetism oil spill	6
experiment with magnetism	6
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Magnetism

Language		Translations for "magnetism"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Albanian		magnetizëm (Magnetics), forcë tërheqëse (charisma, haulage, traction). (various references)

Arabic		‏مغنطيسية, ‏مغنطة (magnetization). (various references)

Bulgarian		чар (allure, allurement, attraction, bewitchment, charm, enticement, fascination, glamor, glamour, loveliness, lure, magic, spell, wizardry), магнетизъм, магнитни свойства, лично обаяние. (various references)

Chinese		磁性 (magnetic). (various references)

Czech		magnetismus (charisma). (various references)

Dutch		magnetisme. (various references)

Esperanto		magnetismo. (various references)

Farsi		کشش (Draw, Extension, Haul, Haulage, Inducement, Jerk, Pull, Reach, Tension, Tract, Traction, Tug, Twitch), جذبه (Appeal, Rapture). (various references)

Finnish		magneettisuus. (various references)

French		magnétisme. (various references)

German		magnetismus. (various references)

Greek		μαγνητισμόσ. (various references)

Hebrew		מ�'� טיות. (various references)

Hungarian		mágnesesség. (various references)

Italian		magnetismo (magnetisms). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		磁力 (magnetic force), 磁性 , 磁気 . (various references)

Japanese Katakana		じせい (conditions, death, death poem, growing wild, homemade, native, passing away, reflection, self control, self restraint, self-examination, spirit of the age, tense, the times, trends), じりょく (magnetic force), じき (abandonment, at once, being straight, chance, cheerfulness, china, correctness, despair, desperation, direct, frankness, honesty, in person, just, near by, next period, next term, night duty, opportunity, period, porcelain, season, seasons, self-recording, simplicity, soon, time, writing oneself). (various references)

Korean		자기. (various references)

Manx		tayrneydys, tayrnaghys, tayrn thallooin, magnaidys. (various references)

Papiamen		magnetismo. (various references)

Pig Latin		agnetismmay.(various references)

Portuguese		magnetismo. (various references)

Romanian		magnetism (Magnetics), hipnotism (hypnotism, mesmerism), farmec personal (raciness). (various references)

Russian		магнетизм, личное обаяние. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		magnetizam. (various references)

Spanish		magnetismo (magnetisms). (various references)

Swedish		magnetism, dragningskraft (attraction, attractive force, gravity, traction). (various references)

Turkish		manyetizma (mesmerism), mıknatıslık, cazibe (allure, allurement, appeal, attraction, attractiveness, charm, charms, desirability, draw, drawing power, enchantment, enticement, fascination, feminene charms, gilt, glamor, glamour, gravitation, it, lure, oomph, romance, seduction, witchery). (various references)

Ukranian		магнетизм, привабливість (affinity, amiability, appeal, appealingness, attraction, attractiveness, beauty, buxomness, charm, grace, loveliness, pull, relish). (various references)

Vietnamese		sức quyến rũ (allure, alluringness, lurchingly, spell, witchery). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Derivations & Misspellings: Magnetism

Derivations
	Words beginning with "magnetism": magnetisms. (additional references)
	Words ending with "magnetism": antiferromagnetism, diamagnetism, electromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, ferromagnetism, geomagnetism, paleomagnetism, paramagnetism. (additional references)
	Words containing "magnetism": antiferromagnetisms, diamagnetisms, electromagnetisms, ferrimagnetisms, ferromagnetisms, geomagnetisms, paleomagnetisms, paramagnetisms. (additional references)
Misspellings
	"Magnetism" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Magenis, Magennis, magnatism, magnatum, magneism, magnesism, magnetise, magnitism, menemismo. (additional references)
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

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Rhyming with "Magnetism"

# of Phoneme Matches	Pronunciation	Word(s) rhyming with "magnetism" (pronounced ma"gnuti'zum)
10	m a" g n u t i' z u m	diamagnetism, electromagnetism, ferromagnetism.
7	-n u t i' z u m	hypnotism.
6	-u t i' z u m	astigmatism, conservatism, corporatism, despotism, dogmatism, egotism, ergotism, favoritism, helotism, nepotism, patriotism, pragmatism, rheumatism, separatism.
5	-t i' z u m	absolutism, autism, baptism, defeatism, elitism, Irredentism, leftism, pietism, statism, vigilantism.
4	-i' z u m	abolitionism, absenteeism, activism, adventurism, agrarianism, alcoholism, altruism, amateurism, anachronism, aneurism, animism, antagonism, aphorism, atavism, atheism, authoritarianism, barbarism, bilingualism, bolshevism, boosterism, botulism, cannibalism, capitalism, catechism, centralism, chauvinism, classicism, collectivism, colonialism, commercialism, communism, consumerism, counterterrorism, creationism, criticism, cronyism, cubism, cynicism, dandyism, deism, determinism, diastrophism, dimorphism, Druidism, dualism, dwarfism, dynamism, egalitarianism, egoism, embolism, emotionalism, empiricism, entrepreneurialism, environmentalism, eroticism, escapism, ethnocentrism, euphemism, evangelism, expansionism, expressionism, extremism, factionalism, fanaticism, fascism, fatalism, federalism, feminism, fetishism, feudalism, formalism, fundamentalism, futurism, geotropism, gnosticism, gradualism, hedonism, heroism, hooliganism, humanism, idealism, illusionism, imperialism, impressionism, incrementalism, individualism, intellectualism, internationalism, interventionism, isolationism, isomorphism, jingoism, journalism, legalism, lesbianism, liberalism, lyricism, mannerism, masochism, materialism, mechanism, mercantilism, mesmerism, metabolism, methodism, microorganism, militarism, minimalism, modernism, monasticism, monetarism, monism, monotheism, moralism, multiculturalism, multilateralism, mutualism, mysticism, narcissism, nationalism, nativism, naturalism, negativism, neutralism, nihilism, obstructionism, opportunism, optimism, organism, ostracism, overoptimism, pacifism, paganism, parallelism, parkinsonism, parochialism, pastoralism, paternalism, perfectionism, pessimism, pharisaism, plagiarism, pluralism, polymorphism, polytheism, populism, positivism, professionalism, protectionism, provincialism, puritanism, racialism, racism, radicalism, realism, recidivism, relativism, republicanism, revisionism, romanticism, sadism, satanism, sectarianism, secularism, sensationalism, sexism, skepticism, socialism, stoicism, supernaturalism, surrealism, symbolism, synergism, territorialism, terrorism, theism, tokenism, totalitarianism, tourism, truism, unionism, vandalism, vegetarianism, voluntarism, volunteerism, voyeurism.
3	-z u m	bosom, careerism, chasm, cytoplasm, enthusiasm, iconoclasm, ism, microcosm, neoplasm, orgasm, phantasm, prism, sarcasm, schism, spasm.
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

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Anagrams: Magnetism

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "a-e-g-i-m-m-n-s-t"
	-1 letter: gammiest, mangiest, mintages, misagent, steaming, stemming.
	-2 letters: ammines, easting, eatings, enigmas, etamins, gamiest, gamines, ingates, ingesta, inmates, magnets, masting, matings, mintage, mismate, misname, seaming, seating, semimat, sigmate, tameins, tammies, teaming, teasing, tegmina.
	-3 letters: ageism, ageist, agents, aments, amines, ammine, animes, easing, eating, enigma, etamin, gainst, gamest, gamine, gamins, gasmen, giants, gimmes, images, immane, ingate, ingest, inmate, inseam, magnet, mamies, manges, mantes, mantis, mating, matins, mesian, meting, misate, miseat, mismet, samite, sating, semina, signet, smegma, stamen, stemma, stigma, tamein, taming, tammie, tenias, tineas, tinges, tisane.
	-4 letters: aegis, agent, agism, agist, amens, ament, amies, amine, amins, angst, anime, anise, antes, antis, emits, entia, etnas, gains, gaits, games, gamin, gates, gemma, gents, getas, giant, gimme, gnats, image, imams, inset, items, mages, maims, mains, maist, mamie, manes, mange, manse, mates, matin, means, meant, meats, mensa, menta, metis, miasm, miens, mimes, minae, minas, mines, mints, mites, names, nates, neats, neist, nemas, nites, saint, satem, satin, segni, sengi, senti, sigma, singe, smite, stage, staig, stain, stane, stang, steam, stein, stime, sting, tains, tames, tamis, tangs, teams, tenia, times, tinea, tines, tinge, tings.
	-5 letters: ages, agin, aims, ains, aits, amen, amie, amin, amis, anes, anis, ante, anti, ants, ates, east, eats, egis, emit, engs, etas, etna, gaen, gaes, gain, gait, game, gams, gane, gast, gate, gats, gems, gens, gent, gest, geta, gets, gien, gies, gins, gist, gits, gnat, imam, item, maes, mage, magi, mags, maim, main, mane, mans, mast, mate, mats, mean, meat, megs, mems, mesa, meta, mien, migs, mime, mina, mine, mint, mise, mist, mite, nags, name, neat, nema, nest, nets, nims, nite, nits, sage, sain, same, sane, sang, sate, sati, seam, seat, semi, sent, seta, sign, sima, sine, sing, site, smit, snag, snit, stag, stem, tags, tain, tame, tams, tang, tans, team, teas, tegs, tens, ties, time, tine, ting, tins.
	Words containing the letters "a-e-g-i-m-m-n-s-t"
	+1 letter: gemmations, magnetisms, stammering.
	+3 letters: diamagnetism, geomagnetism, megavitamins, misalignment.
	+4 letters: commiserating, diamagnetisms, geomagnetisms, magnanimities, mainstreaming, masterminding, misalignments, misestimating, mismanagement, multimegatons, paramagnetism.
	+5 letters: anagrammatizes, ferrimagnetism, ferromagnetism, magnetometries, metamorphosing, mismanagements, paleomagnetism, paramagnetisms, spermatogonium, summersaulting.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.