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Definition: Liquor |
LiquorNoun1. Distilled rather than fermented. 2. A liquid substance that is a solution (or emulsion or suspension) used or obtained in an industrial process; "waste liquors". 3. The liquid in which vegetables or meat have be cooked. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "liquor" was first used: 12th century. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Dream Interpretation | To dream of buying liquor, denotes selfish usurpation of property upon which you have no legal claim If you sell it, you will be criticised for niggardly benevolence. To drink some, you will come into doubtful possession of wealth, but your generosity will draw around you convivial friends, and women will seek to entrance and hold you. To see liquor in barrels, denotes prosperity, but unfavorable tendency toward making home pleasant. If in bottles, fortune will appear in a very tangible form. For a woman to dream of handling, or drinking liquor, foretells for her a happy Bohemian kind of existence. She will be good natured but shallow minded. To treat others, she will be generous to rivals, and the indifference of lovers or husband will not seriously offset her pleasures or contentment. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Health | 1. a liquid, especially an aqueous solution containing a medicinal substance. 2. a general term used in anatomical nomenclature for certain fluids of the body. (references) |
Mechanical Engineering | A solution used in absorption machines. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | A liquid, used for cooling the foul gas, which has been condensed in the mains(and partly in the primary cooler), collected and recirculated. Injected into the collecting main through the spray system, it cools the foul gas and provides a carrying medium for the condensable tars and other compounds. Source: European Union. (references) |
Slang in 1811 | LIQUOR. To liquor one's boots; to drink before a journey: among Roman Catholics, to administer the extreme unction. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In chemistry, an alcohol is an organic compound in which a hydroxyl group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom, which in turn is bound to other hydrogen and/or carbon atoms; in other words, alcohol is characterized by one or more hydroxyl (OH) groups attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group (hydrocarbon chain).
In a non-chemistry context, alcohol refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, which gives alcoholic beverages their alcohol content.
General formula
The general formula is CnH2n+1OH.
Methanol and ethanol
The simplest two alcohols are methanol and ethanol (also called methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol, respectively), which have the following structures:
H H H | | | H-C-O-H H-C-C-O-H | | | H H H methanol ethanolIn common usage, "alcohol" often refers simply to ethanol or "grain alcohol", which may be produced by fermentation of fruits or grains with yeast and is one of the oldest and most widely used recreational drugs in the world, typically taken in the form of an alcoholic beverage. Ingestion in sufficient quantity results in a state known as drunkenness or intoxication. See ethanol for further discussion of this type of alcohol.
Toxicity of alcohols
Alcohols often have an odor described as 'biting' that 'hangs' in the nasal passages. All alcohols are poisonous when ingested, including ethanol at high doses. Part of the reason it is less poisonous than other alcohols is that it breaks down more readily than other alcohols. Methanol, or "wood alcohol", for instance, can cause blindness or death. It is oxidized to the poisonous formaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes in the liver. Interestingly an effective treatment to prevent formaldehyde toxicity after methanol ingestion is to administer ethanol. This will bind to alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing methanol from binding and thus its acting as a substrate.
Notable alcohols
By convention, the names of alcohols typically end in "-ol". Notable alcohols: isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol) H3C-CH(OH)-CH3, or "rubbing alcohol"; ethylene glycol HO-CH2-CH2-OH, which is the primary component in antifreeze; glycerin (or glycerol) HO-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-OH bound in natural fats and oils, which are triglycerides (triacylglycerols); Phenol is an alcohol where the hydroxyl group is bound to a benzene ring. Many alcohols can be created in uncontrolled fermentation processes.Alcohols are in wide use in industry and science as reagents, solvents, and fuels. State-of-the-art engineering has achieved replacement of gasoline (and other hydrocarbons which produce toxic fumes) with forms of alcohol such as ethanol or methanol (which burn more cleanly).
The hydroxyl groups in alcohols are capable of forming hydrogen bonds to one another and to other compounds. Two opposing solubility trends in alcohols are: the tendency of the polar OH to promote solubility in water, and of the carbon chain to resist it. Thus, methanol, ethanol, and propanol are highly miscible in water because the hydroxyl group predominates. Butanol is moderately soluble because of a balance between the two trends. Pentanol and branched butanols are effectively insoluble because of the hydrocarbon chain's dominance. Because of hydrogen bonding, alcohols tend to have higher boiling points than comparable hydrocarbons and ethers. All simple alcohols are miscible in organic solvents.
Alcohols are so called "protic" solvents. They can lose the proton H+ of the hydroxyl group and are very weak acids, weaker than water except for methanol, but still stronger than ammonia or acetylene.
One important class of reactions undergone by alcohols is nucleophilic substitution, where one nucleophilic group attached to a carbon atom is replaced by another. So, for instance, alcohols react with hydrochloric acid to produce alkyl halides, where the hydroxyl group is replaced by a chlorine atom. The equilibrium lies to the right, since chlorine is a stronger nucleophile, but can be driven to the left using an alkaline medium, which is one way of synthesizing alcohols.
Alcohols are themselves nucleophilic, so can react with one another to produce ethers and water. They also react with hydroxy acids (or acid halides) to produce compounds called esters, of which the esters of organic acids are the most important. At high temperatures, alcohols can undergo an elimination reaction to produce alkenes. The reverse of this, the addition of water to an alkene to produce an alcohol, is catalyzed by acids but is of limited use for synthesis because it generally results in mixtures. Some other techniques exist to convert alkenes to alcohols more reliably.
- See also : transesterification
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Alcohol."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Alcoholic beverages are drinks containing ethanol, popularly called alcohol. (In chemical terminology, alcohol is a broad category of compounds, of which ethanol is only one.) They include low-alcohol-content beverages produced by fermentation of sugar- or starch-containing products, and high-alcohol-content beverages produced by distillation of the low-alcohol-content beverages. (Sometimes, the alcohol content of low-alcohol-content beverages is increased by adding distilled product, particularly in the case of wines. Such fortified wines include Port wine and Sherry.)The amount of alcohol in an alcoholic beverage may be specified in percent alcohol by volume, in percentage by weight (sometimes abbrieviated w/w for weight for weight), or in proof.
Alcoholic beverages generally produce an intoxicating effect and cause a hangover. The latter is partly due to the dehydrating effect, which can be mitigated by drinking plenty of water between and after the alcoholic consumptions.
On the other hand, in areas and eras with poor public sanitation, consumption of alcoholic beverages (particularly beer) was one method of avoiding water-borne diseases such as the cholera. Though strong alcohol kills bacteria, the low concentration in beer or even wine will not suffice. It is rather the boiling of water, which is required for the brewing of beer, which sanitizes it.
Source Name of fermented beverage Name of distilled beverage grain beer, ale, sake (rice) whiskey (also spelled whisky) juice of fruits, other than apples or pears wine (most commonly from grapes) brandy, grappa (Italy), trester (Germany) juice of appless ("hard") cider applejack (or apple brandy), Calvados juice of pears perry, or pear cider pear brandy juice of sugarcane, or molasses basi, betsa-betsa (regional) rum, cachaça juice of agave pulque tequila, mezcal juice of plums slivovitz honey mead Note that in common speech, wine or brandy is made from grapes unless the fruit is specified: "plum wine" or "cherry brandy" for example, although in some cases grape-derived alcohol is added.
In the U. S., cider often means unfermented apple juice (see the article on cider), while fermented cider is called hard cider. Unfermented cider is sometimes called sweet cider. Also, applejack was originally made by a freezing process described in the article on cider which was equivalent to distillation but more easily done in the cold climate of New England. In the UK, cider is always alcoholic, and in Australia it can be either.
Two common distilled beverages not listed in the above chart are vodka and gin. Vodka can be distilled from any source (grain and potatoes being the most common, also industrial cellulose for the cheapest!) but the main characteristic of vodka is that it is so thoroughly distilled as to exhibit none of the flavors derived from its source material. Gin is a similar distillate which has been flavored by contact with herbs and other plant products, especially juniper berries, from which it gets its name.
Uses
Alcoholic beverages often are used for ritualistic and symbolic purposes such as for mass or Passover wine. Some religions, most notably Islam, ban the consumption of alcoholic beverages.Alcoholic beverages can be combined to create cocktails.
Legal considerations
Please note: Wikipedia does not give legal advice.Most countries have rules forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages to children, e.g. in the Netherlands one has to be 16 to buy beer or wine and 18 to buy distilled alcoholic beverages. Also there are restrictions when driving. See also ethanol.
See also:
Chinese wine, Wikipedia Cocktail Guide, Moderate drinking controversy
External links
- New Scientist articles on alcohol
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Alcoholic beverage."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| liqu. | English | Liquor | Medicine |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: LiquorSynonyms: booze (n), hard drink (n), hard liquor (n), pot liquor (n), spirits (n), strong drink (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Drunkenness | Liquor, liquor up; wet one's whistle, take a whet; crack a bottle, pass the bottle; toss off; (drink up); go to the alehouse, go to the public house. |
Inter pocula; in liquor, the worse for liquor; having had a drop too much, half seas over, three sheets in the wind, three sheets to the wind; under the table. | |
Fluidity | Fluid, inelastic fluid; liquid, liquor; lymph, humor, juice, sap, serum, blood, serosity, gravy, rheum, ichor, sanies; chyle. |
Food | Wine, spirits, liqueur, beer, ale, malt liquor, Sir John Barleycorn, stingo, heavy wet; grog, toddy, flip, purl, punch, negus, cup, bishop, wassail; gin; (intoxicating liquor); coffee, chocolate, cocoa, tea, the cup that cheers but not inebriates; bock beer, lager beer, Pilsener beer, schenck beer; Brazil tea, cider, claret, ice water, mate, mint julep; near beer. beer, non-alcoholic beverage. |
Drink, beverage, liquor, broth, soup; potion, dram, draught, drench, swill; nip, sip, sup, gulp. | |
Mart | Tobacco shop, tobacco store, tobacconists, cigar store, hardware store, jewelry shop, bookstore, liquor store, gun shop, rod and reel shop, furniture store, drugstore, chemist's, florist, flower shop, shoe store, stationer, stationer's, electronics shop, telephone store, music store, record shop, fur store, sporting goods store, video store, video rental store; lumber store, lumber yard, home improvements store, home improvement center; gas station, auto repair shop, auto dealer, used car dealer. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Liquor |
| English words defined with "liquor": Liquor of Libavius, Liquor thief ♦ malt liquor. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "liquor": black liquor, black liquor recovery furnaces ♦ HUMMING LIQUOR ♦ liquor maker, liquor runner, Liquor up ♦ neutral sulfite cooking liquor, neutral sulphite cooking liquor ♦ semi-thickened black liquor, sulfate liquor, sulfite liquor, sulfite waste liquor, sulphate liquor, sulphite liquor, sulphite waste liquor, SUPERVISOR, LIQUOR STORES AND AGENCIES. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "liquor": Taplash. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Liquor" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Danish (liquor), Dutch (liquor), German (liquor), Latin (fluid, hard liquor, liqu., liquid, liquidity, liquor). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Twice I took the name of the Lord in vain, once I slept with the brother of my fiancee, and once I bounced a check at the liquor store, but that was really an accident (Moonstruck; writing credit: John Patrick Shanley. Starring Cher as Loretta Castorini and Nicolas Cage as Ronny Cammareri.) And a whole lotta liquor. (A League of Their Own; writing credit: Kim Wilson; Kelly Candaele) My client feels that it was a combination of liquor and jazz that led to the downfall (Chicago; writing credit: Maurine Dallas Watkins; Bob Fosse) Candy is dandy, but liquor is quicker (Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory; writing credit: Roald Dahl) And all the liquor! (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) | |
Lyrics | Pour out some liquor and I remenise (Dear Mama; performing artist: 2Pac) Drink my liquor from an old fruit jar ("Blue Suede Shoes"; performing artist: Carl Perkins) They had the liquor overflowin' the cup, (What Would You Do; performing artist: City High) Maybe at the liquor store, or maybe at the health food stand (Lady; performing artist: D'Angelo) We've all seen a man at the liquor store beggin' for your change (What It's Like; performing artist: Everlast) | |
Clever | Why do you need a driver's license to buy liquor when you can't drink and drive? (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References | |||
Books |
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Periodicals |
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Music |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Caption: Movie Still, "Lips That Touch Liquor Shall Not Touch Ours." in the Black Maria; Unknown Date; {23.430/25} (jpg). |  | Thus plenty sits with pipe and liquor,... / [John Collier] Thos. Sanders sculp. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
 | See how these rustics liquor love to quaff:... / [John Collier]. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | Europe tempting the United States with trade liquor. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Where Jamaica Rum is made,--mixing cistern, pump and vats in the liquor department of the Mona Sugar Estate, Jamaica. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Colorado--Evading the liquor law in Colorado Springs, as witnessed by the members of the Frank Leslie transcontinental excursion party / from a sketch by Harry Ogden. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Stephan Liesting liquor, Germany. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Hallway with liquor cabinet and living room decorated with mistletoe ball and Christmas gnome by fireplace. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Boy in front of liquor store, Newark, Ohio. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Liquor store, Omaha, Nebraska. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Liquor" by Greg Schmigel Commentary: "A close up of a glass of liquor on a linen cloth." | "Broken liquor" by Michelle Kwajafa Commentary: "Every morning on my walk to the train i see a new broken seagrams bottle. somebody around there drinks an awful lot of it." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
John Gay | Fill it up. I take as large draughts of liquor as I did of love. I hate a flincher in either. |
Jonathan Swift | Better belly burst than good liquor be lost. |
Samuel Johnson | Claret is the liquor for boys; port for men; but he who aspires to be a hero must drink brandy. |
Seneca | Conversation has a kind of charm about it, an insinuating and insidious something that elicits secrets just like love or liquor. |
Sir P. Sidney | Nothing sooner overthrows a weak head than opinion of authority; like too strong liquor for a frail glass. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The Conventions and Protocols of November 16, 1887, February 14, 1893, and April 11, 1894, regarding the North Sea liquor traffic. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Uncle John tilted the pint and the liquor gurgled out of the neck of the bottle |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | This liquor tasted like a small cider, and was not unpleasant |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Beer ranges considerably in its alcohol content, with malt liquor being higher in its alcohol content than most other brewed beverages. (references) | |
Men should limit consumption to two drinks (two 12-ounce servings of beer or two 5-ounce servings of wine or two 1.5-ounce servings of "hard" liquor) a day. Women should have no more than a single serving on a given day because metabolic differences make women more susceptible to alcoholic liver disease. (references) | ||
Business | Some liquor stores import directly from the supplier. (references) | |
Of the 47 trillion yen, the share from the Liquor Tax was 1.98 trillion-yen ($16 billion) or 4.2% of the total. (references) | ||
Most beer is imported into Australia by distributors, who then sell to various retail liquor stores, restaurants, hotels, and clubs. (references) | ||
Economic History | Vietnam | Advertisements for tobacco and liquor (excluding beer) are prohibited in the mass media. (references) |
China | Major articles sold on television include toiletries, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, liquor, and home electronics. (references) | |
South Africa | It is also expected that further legislation regulating advertising in other product categories (e.g., liquor) will similarly be introduced. (references) | |
Human Rights | Guatemala | In their investigation, police found fire arms, drugs, and bottles of liquor inside the facilities. (references) |
Venezuela | The two were seated in a liquor store when a National Guard patrol stopped and demanded their identification. (references) | |
India | It has worked on caste clashes and deaths resulting from illicit liquor sales, but its lack of authority to investigate effectively has barred it from considering major incidents. (references) | |
Minorities | Lebanon | Throughout the fall of 1999, approximately six random bombings were carried out against Orthodox churches and shops that sold liquor; the bombings took place in the northern city of Tripoli and in surrounding areas. (references) |
Political Economy | TAIWAN | Liquor and cigarette production will be fully liberalized by 2004. (references) |
CHILE | The European Union won a WTO panel appeal over Chile's discriminatory liquor taxation. (references) | |
Trade | Nicaragua | Rums and liquor will decrease until the IEC reaches 35 percent. (references) |
Sri Lanka | Tobacco, cigarettes and liquor do not come under the two-band rate structure. (references) | |
Nepal | Products hazardous to health such as cigarettes and liquor are taxed at 110 percent. (references) | |
Travel | Greece | Included in the duty free allowance are up to 200 cigarettes, 50 cigars and one liter of liquor. (references) |
Korea | The heavy drinking of the Korean alcohol, Soju, beer, whiskey or other liquor is commonplace in establishing a personal, business relationship. (references) | |
Korea | In clearing customs, gifts with a value of up to $400 (which can include liquor up to one liter (33.8 fl. oz.), two ounces of perfume and 200 cigarettes) may be brought in duty-free by non-residents. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Belize | For domestic workers in private households and shop assistants in stores where liquor is not consumed, the rate is $0.87 (bz$1.75) per hour. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | GRAPE, n. Hail noble fruit! -- by Homer sung, Anacreon and Khayyam; Thy praise is ever on the tongue Of better men than I am. The lyre in my hand has never swept, The song I cannot offer: My humbler service pray accept -- I'll help to kill the scoffer. The water-drinkers and the cranks Who load their skins with liquor -- I'll gladly bear their belly-tanks And tap them with my sticker. Fill up, fill up, for wisdom cools When e'er we let the wine rest. Here's death to Prohibition's fools, And every kind of vine-pest! Jamrach Holobom |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Naomi Campbell | Liquor. That just makes me feel everything but my real self. It makes me not give my true emotions, so. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Herbert C. Hoover | 1929-1933 | There would be little traffic in illegal liquor if only criminals patronized it. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Liquor" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.53% of the time. "Liquor" is used about 423 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.53% | 421 | 13,527 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.47% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 423 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "liquor": ammonia liquor ♦ ammoniacal liquor ♦ be in liquor ♦ beady liquor ♦ bleach liquor ♦ cane liquor ♦ corn liquor ♦ devil liquor ♦ disguised in liquor ♦ flushing liquor ♦ Fuming liquor of Libavius ♦ Fuming liquor of Libsvius ♦ gas liquor ♦ hard liquor ♦ in liquor ♦ Iron liquor ♦ Labarraque's liquor ♦ liquor license ♦ Liquor of flints ♦ Liquor of Libavius ♦ Liquor sanguinis ♦ liquor shop ♦ Liquor silicum ♦ liquor store ♦ Liquor thief ♦ liquor up ♦ liquor valve ♦ malt liquor ♦ mother liquor ♦ neutral sulfite cooking liquor ♦ neutral sulphite cooking liquor ♦ pot liquor ♦ red liquor ♦ spirituous liquor ♦ sulfate liquor ♦ sulfite liquor ♦ sulfite waste liquor ♦ sulphate liquor ♦ sulphite liquor ♦ sulphite waste liquor ♦ tan liquor ♦ the worse for liquor ♦ Tin liquor ♦ To be in liquor. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "liquor": liquor-loosened, liquor-smells, liquor-store. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
liquor | 1,980 | abc liquor store | 53 |
liquor store | 590 | liquor barn | 49 |
liquor q shirley | 351 | for sale liquor store | 48 |
liquor license | 221 | authority liquor new state york | 47 |
online liquor store | 189 | bc liquor | 45 |
liquor specs | 172 | liquor bottle | 45 |
abc liquor | 147 | florida liquor license | 42 |
beer wine liquor | 142 | type of liquor | 42 |
liquor cabinet | 142 | buy liquor online | 41 |
hypnotic liquor | 132 | board control liquor pa | 41 |
liquor price | 112 | liquor mgm | 41 |
liquor online | 100 | board control liquor state washington | 40 |
discount liquor | 98 | hard liquor | 39 |
bc liquor store | 97 | calorie liquor | 38 |
board control liquor pennsylvania | 74 | hypnotiq liquor | 37 |
liquor recipe | 73 | board control liquor ontario | 37 |
bin laden liquor | 69 | brandy liquor | 34 |
liquor wholesale | 65 | hampshire liquor new store | 34 |
liquor distributor | 65 | liquor shot | 34 |
malt liquor | 60 | buy liquor | 33 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "liquor"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | lëng (dip, dissolution, fluid, juice, liquid, milk, sap, wash, water), pije alkoolike (alcohol, boose, booze, drink, fuddle, grog, guzzle, hard drink, hooch, hootch, libation, lush, ratafee, ratafia, sauce), pije (beverage, cup, drink, guzzle, hooker, orgeat, pick me up, pickup, quencher, rinse, tipple), pi (boose, booze, bouse, consume, drink, imbibe, lush, take a drink, take to drink, tipple, tope). (various references) | |
Arabic | محلول مائي لمادة طبية, سكر (candy, conserve, fluster, get drunk, intoxicant, sloshed, souse, sugar, sweeten, take to drink, tank up), خمرة معطرة ومحلاة (liqueur), إنتشى بالخمر, شراب كحولي معطر. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | сос (dressing, relish, sauce, vinaigrette), спиртно питие (lush, potation, stimulant, tipple), спиртна напитка (lotion, lush), разтвор (solution, spirit, wash), течност (dip, fluid, liquid, wet), обработвам кожа с мазнина, масло останало след пържене, бульон от месо, пиячка (drink, libation, something to drink). (various references) | |
Chinese | 酒 (spirits, wine). (various references) | |
Czech | lihovina, kořalka, alkohol (alcohol, booze, drink, intoxicant). (various references) | |
Danish | liquor, oploesning (decadence, dissolution, solution), hydraulikvand (ammoniacal liquor, condensate, flushing liquor), ammoniakvand (ammoniacal liquor, aqua ammonia, condensate, flushing liquor). (various references) | |
Dutch | drank (alcohol, beverage, booze, drink, spirits, strong drink), alcoholische drank (alcohol, booze, spirits, strong drink), alcohol (alcohol, booze, spirits, strong drink). (various references) | |
Esperanto | alkoholaĵo (alcohol, booze, spirits, strong drink). (various references) | |
Farsi | مایع زدن , مشروب زدن به , مشروب خوردن یاخوراندن , مشروب الکلی (Booze, Stimulant), مشروب (Beverage, Drink, Strunt, Sup, Tipple), نوشابه (Beverage, Drink, Refreshment, Tipple), چرب کردن (Dub, Grease, Lubricate), باروغن پوشاندن . (various references) | |
Finnish | liuos (solution), viina (alcohol, booze, spirits), ammoniakkivesi (ammonia liquor, ammoniacal liquor, condensate, crude ammonia liquor, flushing liquor), ammoniakkiliuos (ammoniacal liquor, condensate, flushing liquor). (various references) | |
French | liquide intervalvaire (intravalvular liquid), liquide (liquid), liqueur (liqueur), spiritueux, soûler, pinter, faire trop boire, eau de barillet (ammoniacal liquor, flushing liquor), eau ammoniacale (ammonia liquor, ammoniacal liquor, crude ammonia liquor, flushing liquor), alcool, être soûl, être en pointe de vin. (various references) | |
German | Spirituosen (alcohol, alcohols, booze, hooch, liquors, moonshine, spirits, strong drink), flüssigkeit (availability, fluid, fluidity, fluidness, liquid, liquidity, liquidness, smoothness), alkoholisches getränk (alcoholic drink). (various references) | |
Greek | υγρό (fluid, juice, liquid), αμμωνιακόν ύδωρ (ammonia liquor, ammoniacal liquor, condensate, crude ammonia liquor, flushing liquor), οινόπνευμα (alcohol, fire water, spirit), διάλυμα (eluate, solute, solution). (various references) | |
Hebrew | משקה חריף (drink, hooch, lush, spirits), משקה (beverage, drink, drinking, potion, reviver, wet), נוזל (fluid, liquid). (various references) | |
Hungarian | lé (juice), folyadék (fluid, liquid), szeszes ital (alcoholic drink, boose, booze, bouse, drink, hard liquor, intoxicant, likker, lush, rum, spirit, tiddly, tipple), oldat (solution, tincture), gyógyszeroldat, égetett szeszes ital. (various references) | |
Indonesian | minuman keras (booze, brandy, cocktail, intoxicant), arak (arrack, geneva, gin, rice wine). (various references) | |
Italian | liquore (boose, booze, liqueur). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 醸造酒 (brewage), 焼酎 (distilled spirits), リアルタイム処理 (liaison, Likud, liqueur, liquid, real politics, real price, real time processing, recall, recital, reclining seat, recommendation, reconstruction, recorder, recover, recovery, recovery shot, recreation, recruit, recruit fashion, recruiter, recurrent, recurrent neural network, recursion, recursive, recycle, recycle shop, recycling, re-engineering, regret, request, research, resize, rickettsia, Ricoh, rig, Rigel Kentaurus, rigorism, rigorist), シュタイナー学校 (a shop, chauvinism, chemise, chocolate, Chopin, crying, displaywindow, line drive to the shortstop, mall, Schiller, Schmidt camera, Schottky diode, serial, serial printer, serialize, series, serious, serious drama, shawl, shock, shock absorber, shock theory, shocker, shocking, shockwave, shop in shop, shopping, shopping bag, shopping bag lady, shopping cart, shopping centre, shopping mall, shoran, shordarvision, shore radar television, short, short bound, short circuit, short cut, short hair, short hole, short iron, short order, short pants, short relief, short short, short skirt, short stay, short story, short time, shortcake, short-circuit appeal, shortening, short-range navigation aid, shorts, short-scale, shortstop, shot, shotgun, shotgun bride, shotgun marriage, shotgun wedding, shoulder, shoulder bag, shoulder pad, shovel, show, show biz, show business, show girl, showboat, showcase, showman, showmanship, showroom, shredder, shrimp, Shroedinger, sleeping bag, snorkel, sound like a steam engine, Steiner school, stem turn in skiing, Sturm und Drang, syllable, Syria, temporary care, trace, weeping). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | リカー , しょうちゅう (copious notes, distilled spirits, easily manipulated, in the hand), シュナップス , じょうぞうしゅ (brewage). (various references) | |
Korean | 주류 (mainstream). (various references) | |
Manx | sooane (puck, wash-brew), liggar (spirit, spirits), jough lajer (strong drink). (various references) | |
Mohawk | kahneka'shatste. (various references) | |
Norwegian | væske (fluid, liquid), brennevin (brandy). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | iquorlay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | licor (hard drink, liqueur, lush, nappy), solução (denouement, key, remedy, resort, solution). (various references) | |
Romanian | zeamã (gravy, juice, sauce), suc (juice), sos (sauce), soluţie (dip, key, liquid, resource, solution), bãuturã spirtoasã, bãuturã (beverage, bottle, drink, drinkable, drinking, lush, pot, potable, pottle). (various references) | |
Russian | ликер (liqueur, noyau). (various references) | |
Scottish | leann (ale, beer). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | tečnost (fluency, fluid, fluidity, liquid), namazati (anoint, oil, put on, spread on), naliv, nakvasiti (damp, dampen, get slightly wet, get wet, imbrue, macerate, moisten, wash), mešati vino s vodom, mazati (daub, lubricate, put on, spread), alkoholno piće (boose, booze, hooch, libation, spirit, swizzle, tipple). (various references) | |
Spanish | alcohol (alcohol, booze, cane liquor, hard drink, spirit, spirits, strong drink). (various references) | |
Sranan | sopi (alcohol, booze, spirits, strong drink). (various references) | |
Swedish | sprit (alcohol, booze, firewater, hooch, lush, schnapps, spirits), lösning (answer, key, lotion, settlement, solution, solving, working). (various references) | |
Thai | น้ำที่ได้จากการกลั่น, สารละลาย, สุราที่ได้จากการกลั่น, ดื่มเหล้า (hammered, tipple). (various references) | |
Turkish | sert içki (aqua vitae, short drink, strong drink, tipple), salgı (backlash, discharge, excretion, humor, humour, juice, secretion, secretory), içki içmek (booze, carouse, drink, drinking, get liquored up, go on the booze, have a wet, hit the booze, wet one's whistle), içki (alcohol, alcoholic drink, booze, bottle, drink, drinking, hooch, juice, poison, potation, quencher, rum, stimulant, wet), çözelti (solution). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | відвар, напій (beverage, drink, skink, tipple). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | dung dịch sự say rượu, chếnh choáng hơi men (elevated, screwed). (various references) | |
Welsh | gwirod (spirits). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | liqu., liquor. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Numbers Chapter 6, Verse 3 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Apo oinou kai sikera agnisqhsetai apo oinou kai oxoV ex oinou kai oxoV ek sikera ou pietai kai osa katergazetai ek stafulhV ou pietai kai stafulhn prosfaton kai stafida ou fagetai |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Vino et omni quod inebriare potest abstinebunt acetum ex vino et ex qualibet alia potione et quicquid de uva exprimitur non bibent uvas recentes siccasque non comedent |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | Fro wiyn, and fro al that may make dronkun, thei shulen absteyne; eisel of wiyn, and of eny othir maad drynke, and what thing of grape is out pressid, thei shulen not drynke; new grapes and dried thei shulen not eete, |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | He shall abstene from wyne and stronge drynke and shall dryncke no vynegre of wyne or of stronge drynke nor shal drynke what soeuer is pressed out of grapes: and shal eate no fresh grapes nether yet dryed as loge as his abstinece edureth. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | He is to keep himself from wine and strong drink, and take no mixed wine or strong drink or any drink made from grapes, or any grapes, green or dry. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Numbers Chapter 6, Verse 3 |
| Cebuano | Kinahanglan mobulag siya gikan sa vino, ug sa ilimnon nga maisug; siya dili moinum sa suka sa vino, bisan suka sa ilimnon nga maisug, dili usab siya magainum ug bisan unsa nga duga sa parras; ni magakaon sa parras nga lab-as bisan binulad. |
| Croatian | neka se suzdržava od vina i svakoga opojnog piæa. Neka ne pije ni ukiseljena vina niti ukiseljena opojnog piæa; a niti kakva soka od grožða neka ne pije; neka ne jede grožða, ni svježa ni suha. |
| Danish | skal han afholde sig fra Vin og stærk Drik; Vineddike og stærk Drik må han ikke drikke, ej heller nogen som helst drik af Druer; han må hverken spise friske eller tørrede Druer; |
| Dutch | Van wijn en sterken drank zal hij zich afzonderen; wijnedik, en edik van sterken drank zal hij niet drinken, noch enige vochtigheid van druiven zal hij drinken, noch verse of gedroogde druiven eten. |
| Finnish | niin pidättyköön hän viinistä ja väkijuomasta; älköön juoko hapanviiniä tai hapanta juomaa älköönkä mitään viinirypäleen mehua; älköön syökö tuoreita älköönkä kuivia rypäleitä. |
| French | il s`abstiendra de vin et de boisson enivrante; il ne boira ni vinaigre fait avec du vin, ni vinaigre fait avec une boisson enivrante; il ne boira d`aucune liqueur tirée des raisins, et il ne mangera point de raisins frais ni de raisins secs. |
| German | der soll sich Weins und starken Getränks enthalten; Weinessig oder Essig von starkem Getränk soll er auch nicht trinken, auch nichts, das aus Weinbeeren gemacht wird; er soll weder frische noch dürre Weinbeeren essen. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | tak boleh minum air anggur dan minuman keras. Ia tidak boleh minum minuman keras apa pun yang terbuat dari buah anggur atau buah-buahan lain. Ia tak boleh makan buah anggur yang segar atau yang kering, atau apa saja yang berasal dari pokok anggur; bijinya atau pucuknya pun tak boleh ia makan. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | tak akan jangan dijauhkannyalah dirinya dari pada air anggur dan tuak dan jangan diminumnya cuka air anggur atau cuka tuak dan jangan diminumnya air buah anggur atau dimakannya buah anggur, baik yang hidup baik yang kering. |
