Landscape Architecture

Landscape architecture is the art, planning, design, management, preservation and rehabilitation of the land. The scope of the profession includes site planning, garden design, environmental restoration, town or urban planning, park and recreation planning, regional planning, and historic preservation.

Activities of a landscape architect can range from the creation of public parks and parkways to the site planning for corporate office buildings, from the design of residential gardens to the management of large wilderness areas or reclamation of degraded landscapes such as mines or landfills.

Landscape architects work on all types of external space - large or small, urban or rural, and with 'hard' or 'soft' materials. They work on:

The form, scale and siting of new developments
Small private gardens and private estates
The space around schools, universities, hospitals and hotels
Public parks, golf courses, theme parks and sports facilities
Housing areas, industrial parks and commercial developments
Highways and transport corridors
Town and city squares and pedestrian schemes
Large or small urban regeneration schemes
Forest, tourist or historic landscapes and landscape appraisal or conservation studies
Reservoirs, power stations, extractive industry applications or major industrial projects
Environmental assessment, planning advice and land management proposals.

The most valuable contribution is often made at the earliest stage of a project in generating ideas and bringing flair and creativity to the use of space. The landscape professional can contribute to the overall concept and prepare an initial master plan, from which detailed designs can subsequently be prepared. He or she can also let and supervise contracts for landscape work, prepare landscape and visual impact assessments, conduct environmental assessments or audits and act as an expert witness at enquiries on land use. He or she can also support or prepare applications for capital or revenue funding grants.

Landscape designers are involved in the planning, design and creation of all types of outdoor spaces. Many work in public offices in central and local government. Others work in private practice and act as consultants to public authorities, industry and commerce, and to private individuals.

Landscape managers use their knowledge of plants and the natural environment to advise on the long-term care and development of the landscape. They work in horticulture, estate management, forestry, nature conservation and agriculture.

Landscape scientists have specialist skills such as soil science, hydrology, geomorphology or botany that they relate to the practical problems of landscape work. Their projects can range from site surveys to the ecological assessment of broad areas for planning or management purposes. They may also report on the impact of development or the importance of particular species in a given area.

Landscape planners are concerned with the location, scenic, ecological and recreational aspects of urban, rural and coastal land use. Their work is embodied in written statements of policy and strategy, and their remit includes masterplanning for new developments, landscape evaluations and assessments, and preparing countryside management or policy plans. Some may also apply an additional specialism such as landscape archaeology or law to the process of landscape planning.

Entrance into the profession requires advanced education, training, licensure in all but five states.

See ASLA or Landscape Institute for a more thorough examination of the topic.

See also:

List of landscape architects
Schools of landscape architecture
Energy-efficient landscaping

Commercial Usage: Landscape Architecture

Domain	Title
Books	LA Foce: A Garden and Landscape in Tuscany (Penn Studies in Landscape Architecture) (reference) Landscape Ecology Principles in Landscape Architecture and Land-Use Planning (reference) Recovering Landscape: Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture (reference) The Penguin Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (Penguin Reference Books) (reference) Theory in Landscape Architecture: A Reader (Penn Studies in Landscape Architecture) (reference) (more book examples)

Periodicals	Landscape Architecture (reference) (more periodical examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Image Slideshow: Landscape Architecture

Photo Album: Landscape Architecture

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Landscape Architecture

Modern Translations: Landscape Architecture

Language		Translations for "landscape architecture"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Bulgarian		озеленяване (grassing, planting), парково строителство. (various references)

Danish		landskabsarkitektur (landscape design, landscape management, landscape planning, landscaping). (various references)

Dutch		landschapsarchitectuur (landscape design, landscape management, landscape planning, landscaping). (various references)

French		architecture paysagiste (landscape design, landscaping), architecture paysagère (landscape design, landscaping), architecture de paysage (landscape design, landscaping). (various references)

German		Landschaftsgestaltung (landscape design, landscape management, landscape planning, landscaping), Landschaftsbau (landscape design, landscaping), Landschaftsarchitektur (landscape design, landscaping). (various references)

Greek		αρχιτεκτονική τοπίου (landscape design, landscaping), τοπιακή αρχιτεκτονική (landscape design, landscaping). (various references)

Hungarian		kertépítészet. (various references)

Italian		architettura paesistica (landscape design, landscaping), architettura paesaggistica (landscape design, landscaping), architettura del paesaggio (landscape design, landscaping). (various references)

Pig Latin		andscapelay architectureay

Russian		ландшафтная архитектура. (various references)

Serbo-Croatian		pejzažna arhitektura. (various references)

Spanish		arquitectura paisajística (landscape design, landscaping). (various references)

Swedish		trädgårdskonst (landscape gardening), trädgårdsarkitektur (landscape gardening). (various references)

Turkish		peyzaj mimarlığı (landscape gardening). (various references)

Vietnamese		nghệ thuật thiết kế vườn hoa v� công viên. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Alternative Orthography: Landscape Architecture

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

4C 61 6E 64 73 63 61 70 65 41 72 63 68 69 74 65 63 74 75 72 65

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001100 01100001 01101110 01100100 01110011 01100011 01100001 01110000 01100101 00100000 01000001 01110010 01100011 01101000 01101001 01110100 01100101 01100011 01110100 01110101 01110010 01100101

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#76 &#97 &#110 &#100 &#115 &#99 &#97 &#112 &#101 &#32 &#65 &#114 &#99 &#104 &#105 &#116 &#101 &#99 &#116 &#117 &#114 &#101

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

004C 0061 006E 0064 0073 0063 0061 0070 0065 0041 0072 0063 0068 0069 0074 0065 0063 0074 0075 0072 0065

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

Domain	Definitions
Building & Civil Engineering	The planning and management of landscapes created by human activities. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Thumbnail	Description & Credit
	Iowa State College. Ames, Iowa. Drafting in a landscape architecture class.Credit: Library of Congress.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Expression	Frequency per Day
landscape architecture	293
landscape architecture school	20
landscape architecture magazine	15
landscape architecture job	12
landscape architecture degree	11
landscape architecture program	8
landscape architecture college	8
landscape architecture design	7
landscape architecture software	6
landscape architecture firm	5
modern landscape architecture	4
landscape architecture degree online	4
landscape architecture university	4
picture landscape architecture	3
residential landscape architecture	2
landscape architecture company	2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Landscape Architecture

Definition: Landscape Architecture