Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Knockout |
KnockoutAdjective1. Very strong or vigorous; "strong winds"; "a hard left to the chin"; "a knockout punch"; "a severe blow". Noun1. A very attractive or seductive looking woman. 2. A blow that renders the opponent unconscious. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "knockout" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1906. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Building & Civil Engineering | A removable portion in a metal cabinet or outlet box, readily removed with a hammer or screwdriver for installation of a cable connector or other fittings. Source: European Union. (references) |
Chemical Industry | Any device used in ejecting the product from the mould. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mechanical Engineering | A device for removing the workpiece from the die after a forming or deep drawing operation. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
A gene knockout, is a genetically engineered organism that carries one or more genes in its chromosomes that has been made inoperative. So far such organisms have been engineered chiefly for research purposes. Also known as knockout organisms or simply knockouts, their most direct use is for learning about a gene that has been sequenced, but has an unknown or incompletely known function. Researchers draw inferences from how the knockout differs from individuals in which the gene of interest has not been made inoperative. Knockout is also the process of creating such an organism, as in "knocking out a gene."Method
Knockout is accomplished through a combination of techniques, beginning in the test tube with a plasmid, a bacterial artificial chromosome or other DNA construct, and proceeding to cell culture. Individual cells are genetically transformed with the construct and--for knockouts in multi-cellular organisms--ultimately fused with a stem cell from a nascent embryo .
The construct is engineered to recombine with the target gene, which is accomplished by incorporating sequences from the gene itself into the construct. Recombination then occurs in the region of that sequence within the gene, resulting in the insertion of a foreign sequence to disrupt the gene. With its sequence interupted, the altered gene in most cases will be translated into a nonfunctional protein, if it is translated at all.
Because recombination is a rare event in the case of most cells and most constructs, the foreign sequence chosen for insertion usually is a reporter. This enables easy selection of cells or individuals in which knockout was successful.
In diploid organisms, which contain two alleles for most genes, and may as well contain several related genes that collaborate in the same role, additional rounds of transformation and selection are performed until every targetted gene is knocked out.
Compare: knock-in
Related Articles
- knockout mouse
- Germline
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Gene knockout."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Knockout (K.O.), or simply knock, is a winning criterium of many ringsports, such as boxing, kickboxing, muay thai and others. A knocked participant is either unconscious or sufficiently unbalanced and confused to be unable to continue the fight for the time being, technical knockout (T.K.O.).Since knockouts are not always possible to achieve, other winning criteria are usually employed as well.
Repeated blows to the head are known to produce damage to the cerebrum, such as concussion, and in extreme cases internal bleeding within the brain. Because of this, many physicians advise against knockout sports. In certain other sports, there is a knockout rule, also called mercy rule or slaughter rule, which can bring a lopsided game to an early conclusion. See slaughter rule.
"Knockout" is also a common abbreviation for gene knockout.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Knockout."
Synonyms: KnockoutSynonyms: hard (adj), severe (adj), beauty (n), dish (n), looker (n), lulu (n), mantrap (n), peach (n), ravisher (n), smasher (n), stunner (n), sweetheart (n). (additional references) |
| Synonyms by domain: knock-out (mechanical engineering, metallurgy). |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Inexpedience | Ill-treatment, annoyance, molestation, abuse, oppression, persecution, outrage; misusage; injury; (damage); knockout drops. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Knockout |
| English words defined with "knockout": decision ♦ hard ♦ severe ♦ technical knockout, TKO. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "knockout": BUCKSHOT-SWAGE OPERATOR ♦ DISC-PAD KNOCKOUT WORKER ♦ Mice, Knockout, MOLDER, AUTOMOBILE CARPETS, molder-trimmer ♦ OVEN-PRESS TENDER I ♦ RIM-FIRE-PRIMING TOOL SETTER. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Knockout" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. German (knockout), Swedish (kayo, knockout). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | A knockout like you (Grease; writing credit: Jim Jacobs; Warren Casey) | |
Lyrics | You’re a knockout (THE MAIN EVENT/FIGHT; performing artist: Barbra Streisand) | |
Movie/TV Titles | It's a Knockout (1966) 91 Karlsson slår knockout (1957) Joe Palooka in the Knockout (1947) Prästen som slog knockout (1943) Knockout (1941) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Strategy for generating conventional knockout mice. Credit: NIAA. |  | The knockout!. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Knockout animals can be used to complement efforts aimed at developing new drugs. (references) | |
Even cells from the adult retina of these knockout mice could grow if they were given embryonic tissue as a target. (references) | ||
Retinal ganglion cells taken from mice with an inactivated bcl-2 gene (bcl-2 knockout mice) did not show the normal sharp decline in growth ability. (references) | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Knockout" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 93.55% of the time. "Knockout" is used about 124 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 93.55% | 116 | 29,969 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 4.03% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Noun (proper) | 2.42% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 124 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expressions using "knockout": gene knockout ♦ knockout contest ♦ knockout drops ♦ knockout punch ♦ technical knockout. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "knockout": it's-a-knockout. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "knockout"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | sukses i madh, person i suksesshëm, nokaut (down and out, knockdown), goditje dërrmuese, dërrmues (crushing, knockdown, overwhelming, scathing, sledgehammer). (various references) | |
Arabic | ضربة قاضية (deathblow, knockdown, quietus), الضربة القاضية. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | упоителен (anaesthetic, anesthetic, heady, intoxicant), нокаут (haymaker, kayo), нещо поразително, елиминационен, поражение (backdown, baffle, beating, defeat, failure, injury, lesion, overturn, repulse, reverse, smash, walloping, whipping). (various references) | |
Chinese | 击' (Downed, Downing, knockdown, knock-down). (various references) | |
Czech | knokaut, sražení soupeře. (various references) | |
Danish | udstøder (ejector device, ejector pin assembly), udpresningsblaketter, udkaster (ejector, ejector device, ejector pin assembly). (various references) | |
Dutch | uitwerper (ejector, ejector device, ejector pin assembly), uitstoter (ejection, ejector device, ejector pin assembly), breekbare ingang. (various references) | |
Farsi | ممتاز (Ditinct, Elite, Excellent, Good, Illustrious, Immense, Preferential, Prize, Superior), ویران کردن (Demolish, Desolate, Destroy, Devastate, Gaunt, Harry, Havoc, Ravage, Raze, Rubble, Ruinate, Throw), عالی (Beautiful, Brave, Capital, Excellent, Exquisite, Famous, Fine, Gallant, High, Immense, Lofty, Much, Palmary, Remarkable, Ripping, Spiffy, Splendid, Super, Superb, Superlative, Supreme, Swank, Unrivaled), ضربه فنی کردن , ضربه فنی , ضربت قاطع , ازپادراوردن (Washout), باضربت بیهوش کننده ای حریف . (various references) | |
Finnish | kaapelin läpivientireikäaihio, viskuri (ejector), reikäaihio, poistolaite (ejector device, ejector pin assembly). (various references) | |
French | knock-out (gene knockout, gene knock-out), punch, précipitations, extracteur, entrée défonçable, dispositif d'éjection, débouchure, coup de grâce, alvéole défonçable, éjecteur. (various references) | |
German | knockout, vorgestanztes Kabeldurchfuehrungsloch, vorgestanztes Ausbrechloch, Auswerfer (ejector), Auswerfanordnung (ejector device, ejector pin assembly), Ausstossvorrichtung (ejector device, ejector pin assembly), abschlag (anticipated payment, bully off, deduction, discount, felling, part payment, punt, reduction, tee off). (various references) | |
Greek | σύστημα εξολκέων (ejector device, ejector pin assembly), αποβολέας (ejector). (various references) | |
Hungarian | leütés, kiütés (huff, kayo, knock out, ko, papula, pimple, rash), feltűnő személy, feltűnő dolog. (various references) | |
Italian | semitranciati, precipitazione (abruptness, downfall, precipitation, rainfall), estrattore (drawer, extractor), espulsore (ejector), che mette fuori combattimento. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | ノイマン型 (christmas, fungo, Hague, heart, Hercules, hook, knob, knock, knockdown, knocker, knocking, knock-on, knot, know, know-how, knowledge, nautical mile per hour, Neumann-type, neuron, neurosis, no, noctovision, nocturne, nominal, nominal price, nominate, nomination, nomogram, nomograph, non career, non cling, non store retailing, non troppo, non-attachment disease, nonbank banking, nonbook, nonchalant, non-conforming design, nonfiction, nonius, nonpolitical, non-professional, nonrun, non-sectarian, nonsense, nonslip, nonstop, non-terminal, nontitle match, non-verbal, non-verbal communication, Noraism, Nordic, Norma, Normandy, Norway, nostalgia, nostalgic, nostalgie, notation, notch, notchback, notch-filter, nova, Nova Scotia, novel, novelty, nozzle, number, swastika, unaffiliated, vernier calipers, vernier micrometer). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ノックアウト . (various references) | |
Manx | tarnoal (blow, clout, clump, knockdown blow, stroke), lhieggey ass. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ockoutknay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | recorte (cant, cutting, dide view, indent, indention, jag, jagg, profile, silhouette, snip, snippet), que põe parte, que liquida, pessoa extraordinária, nocaute, maravilha (marigold, marvel, miracle, portent, prodigy, wonder, wonderment, wonderwork), golpe inesperado (after-clap, dash), fatal (deadly, earth-born, fatal, fateful, inevitable, pernicious, pestilent), dispositivo de ejecção (ejector device, ejector pin assembly), acontecimento (accident, after-clap, background, case, chance, event, fact, happening, occasion, occurence, occurrence, onrush, opportunity, page). (various references) | |
Russian | нокаут (kayo, knock out, knock-out). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | nokautiran, nokaut (kayo, knock out), nešto izuzetno lepo (knock out). (various references) | |
Spanish | knock-out, sedimento (deposit, deposited sediment, dregs, grounds, rainfall, sediment), queo, prepunzonado, para no hacerse competencia, monda (Peel, peeling, pruning), maravilloso (amazing, blissful, Dandy, delighted, delightsome, divine, dreamy, dressy, engaging, gorgeous, heavenly, lead, magnificent, marvellous, marvelous, rare, stunning, well done, whimsical, wonderful, wondrous), festejo (celebration, ceremonial, feast day, festival, fete), eliminatorio (qualifying), eliminatoria (heat), dispositivo de explosión (ejector device, ejector pin assembly), concurso eliminatorio, aplastante (crusher, crushing, overwhelming, sharp, shattering, smashing). (various references) | |
Swedish | knockout- (knockdown), knockout (kayo), utstötardon (ejector device, ejector pin assembly), utslagstävling (knockout contest), toppenkille (crack, regular guy, smasher), toppengrej (Daisy, gas, Lollapalooza, snorter, sockdolager), hålanvisning. (various references) | |
Thai | การน๊อค (ทางกีฬามวย), การชกคู่ต่อสู้ให้ล้มลง. (various references) | |
Turkish | nakavt (down and out, kayo), büyük darbe, afet (a bewitching beauty, bane, beauty, blight, calamity, cataclysm, catastrophe, disaster, kayo, stunner), çok çekici kimse. (various references) | |
Ukrainian | нокаут, незвичайна річ, поразка (balk, beating, defeat, discomfiture, drubbing, licking, reverse, whipping, whopping). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "knockout": knockouts. (additional references) | |
| |
"Knockout" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: knocketh, Knockholt. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "knockout" (pronounced nÄ"kou't) |
| 4 | -Ä" k ou' t | lockout. |
| 3 | -k ou' t | blackout, breakout, checkout, cookout, lookout, shakeout, stakeout, strikeout, takeout, walkout, workout. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-k-k-n-o-o-t-u" | |
-3 letters: conto, count, knock, knout. | |
-4 letters: conk, cook, coon, coot, knot, konk, kook, koto, nock, nook, onto, took, toon, tuck, unco, unto. | |
-5 letters: con, coo, cot, cut, noo, not, nut, oot, out, ton, too, tun. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-k-k-n-o-o-t-u" | |
+1 letter: knockouts. | |
+2 letters: knockabout. | |
+3 letters: knockabouts. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Non-fiction | 9. Usage Frequency 10. Expressions 11. Expressions: Internet 12. Translations: Modern | 13. Derivations 14. Rhymes 15. Anagrams 16. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
