Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Jury |
JuryNoun1. A body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law. 2. A committee appointed to judge a competition. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "jury" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
19th Century Satire | Twelve men chosen to decide who has the better lawyer. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Business | Denotes a sample in which the same elements are measured on two or more occasions. . . . Only panels can give information about the gross change behind a net change. Source: European Union. (references) |
Dream Interpretation | To dream that you are on the jury, denotes dissatisfaction with your employments, and you will seek to materially change your position. If you are cleared from a charge by the jury, your business will be successful and affairs will move your way, but if you should be condemned, enemies will overpower you and harass you beyond endurance. Source: Ten Thousand Dreams Interpreted .... |
Law | A court of first instance, composed of several jurors and one or several professional judges, competent to sit on serious crimes. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Persons selected according to law and sworn to inquire into and declare a verdict on matters of fact. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In the US, the term can refer to a grand jury which issues an indictment or a petit jury which is present at a trial. When used alone the term usually refers to the latter.
In the United States, England and Scotland, defendants in most serious criminal cases have a right to trial by jury, although in practice most criminal actions in the US are resolved by plea bargain.
Juries are also used in many civil cases in the United States, and the United States Constitution explicitly protects the right to a jury in civil as well as criminal cases. In criminal cases, the right to a jury trial belongs to the defendant; if the defendant decides he or she is likely to do better without a jury, the prosecution cannot insist on one.
In English law, juries are only used in civil cases for criminal libel, or in some cases where the state is the defendant, such as some cases of wrongful imprisonment.
In most criminal justice systems which require juries, panels are initially selected at random from the adult populace. Individuals once selected are required by law to serve, often with exemptions for people whose job in some way precludes them (for instance, teachers, doctors, or people who themselves work in the criminal justice system), are caring for young children, or who have health problems. Most jurisdictions also limit jury service to citizens.
Jurors are then allocated to particular trials by a system of examination known as voir dire whereby both the prosecution (or plaintiff, in a civil case) and defense can object to a juror. Some jurisdictions give both the defence and prosecution a specific number of unconditional peremptory challenges, while most allow argument over whether a juror's particular background or beliefs make them unsuitable for service on the jury. Typically, there are twelve members of a jury panel, sometimes with a number of "alternates" who follow the trial but are not included in the deliberations unless a jury member is unable to continue for some reason.
In most civil law systems, a jury is not used, although lay assessors perform many of the functions of juries in some systems. In the US, juries are used in civil trials. In Japan, the post-war constitution guarantees the right to trial by jury, although this right is almost never used because it is believed that anyone who is desperate enough to want to have fellow citizens decide their fate is almost certainly guilty of the crime that they are charged with.
The jurors then hear the cases presented by both the defense and prosecution, and in some jurisdictions a summing-up from the judge. They then retire as a group to consider a verdict in secret, which they must reach unanimously in US criminal cases. On the rare occasions when no unanimous decision can be reached by the jury, a mistrial is declared, and the case must be retried with a newly constituted jury.
Some jurisdictions allow majority verdicts in criminal cases if a juror becomes unfit to continue, or if a judge permits it when a jury is deadlocked. At least 10 jurors must agree. Other than that, there are no restrictions on how a jury may proceed to reach such a verdict, and no set time limit. Occasionally juries deliberate for several days.
In the United States, some juries are also empowered to consider some aspects of a defendant's sentence, if the defendant has been convicted. This is notably the case in some death penalty cases. This is not the practice in most other legal systems based on the English tradition, in which judges retain sole responsibility for deciding sentences according to law.
The exception is the award of damages in English law libel cases, although a judge is now obliged to make a recommendation to the jury as to the appropriate amount.
The term "jury" is also used for groups of judges who decide on awards in various artistic areas, notably writing and film.
The period between 1830-1850 was when the modern adversarial jury trial took shape. See: D. J. A. Cairns, Advocacy and the Making of the Adversarial Criminal Trial, 1800-1865 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998)
See also:
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Jury."
Synonym: JurySynonym: panel (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Judge | Jury, twelve men in a box. |
Lawsuit | Empanel a jury, implead, join issue; close the pleadings; set down for hearing. |
List | Roll; check roll, checker roll, bead roll; muster roll, muster book; roster, panel, jury list; cartulary, diptych. |
Refuge | Jury mast; vent-peg; safety valve, blow-off valve; safety lamp; lightning rod, lightning conductor; safety belt, airbag, seat belt; antilock brakes, antiskid tires, snow tires. |
Substitution | Verb: substitute, put in the place of, change for; make way for, give place to; supply the place of, take the place of; supplant, supersede, replace, cut out, serve as a substitute; step into stand in the shoes of; jury rig, make a shift with, put up with; borrow from Peter to pay Paul, take money out of one pocket and put it in another, cannibalize; commute, redeem, compound for. |
Substitute, ersatz, makeshift, temporary expedient, replacement, succedaneum; shift, pis aller, stopgap, jury rigging, jury mast, locum tenens, warming pan, dummy, scapegoat; double; changeling; quid pro quo, alternative. | |
Tribunal | Justice seat; judgment seat, mercy seat; woolsack; bar of justice; dock; forum, hustings, bureau, drumhead; jury box, witness box. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | : Your honor, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, this is irrefutable evidence that the defendant is guilty. (Catch Me If You Can; writing credit: Frank Abagnale Jr.; Stan Redding) Jury duty, jury duty, jury duty, blackmail, pink slip, jury duty, jury duty! (How the Grinch Stole Christmas; writing credit: Jeffrey Price) This is hanging case, and we're ready to go to in front of the jury tomorrow. (Chicago; writing credit: Maurine Dallas Watkins; Bob Fosse) I could say that to a jury, they would probably believe me, but it is not true. (The Fugitive; writing credit: Allan Burns; Chris Hayward) No jury in the world is going to convict a baby. (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) | |
Lyrics | In A Jury You Get My Vote (Rock the Boat; performing artist: Aaliyah) Now you're the jury at my trial (Just One More Chance; performing artist: Bing Crosby) | |
Clever | A jury consists of twelve people chosen to decide who has the best lawyer. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Mort au jury (1974) Trial by Jury (1974) Famous Jury Trials (1971) The Grand Jury (1959) Juke Box Jury (1959) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Periodicals | |
Theater & Movies | |
Music |
|
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | "Jury Rudder for the Nipsic. 22 feet-long, with Bollards filled with grape shot for weights. Made at Apia, it worked satisfactorily on a voyage of over 3000 miles from Pango-Pango -- to Fanning Island and Honolulu -- called by the sailors The 'Admiral's Fiddle'" Artwork by Rear Admiral Lewis A. Kimberly, contained in his personal journal of the Apia Hurricane, photographed against the text of one of the journal's pages. It shows the jury rudder made for USS Nipsic. Credit: NAVY. |  | Jury rudder being made for use in the ship's voyage to Hawaii to receive repairs for damage received during the 15-16 March 1889 hurricane. Probably taken at Apia, Upolu, Samoa, circa April-May 1889. The men present are (from left to right) the blacksmith's helper, blacksmith and carpenter's mate who built the rudder as designed and supervised by Rear Admiral Lewis A. Kimberly, USN. Credit: NAVY. |
 | Questioning the woman witness before the jury. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | The jury disagrees. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | When Al Capone's attorney finished his address to the jury. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | The government might provide Capone's jury with false faces, to prevent future embarrassing situations. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Scene in courtroom, Morrison Will case at Richmond, Indiana, in 1895. The longest jury trial in the U.S. up to that time. Began Jan. 2, ended May 10. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | 'Now, tell the jury what you did with the knife, Mrs. Bobbitt...' / Oliphant. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Salon jury, Philadelphia. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | First Panel Sheriff's Jury, Jan. 17, 1906, Delmonico's. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Abraham Lincoln | A jury too often has at least one member more ready to hang the panel than to hang the traitor. |
Herbert Spencer | A jury is composed of twelve men of average ignorance. |
| A jury consists of twelve persons chosen to decide who has the better lawyer. | |
Thomas Fuller | A fox should not be of the jury at a goose's trial. |
William Shakespeare | The jury, passing on the prisoner's life, may have in the sworn twelve a thief or two guiltier than him they try. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 3: The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed. (reference) |
US Bill of Rights | 1795 | Amendment VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | But we must never cease to proclaim in fearless tones the great principles of freedom and the rights of man which are the joint inheritance of the English-speaking world and which through Magna Carta, the Bill of Rights, the Habeas Corpus, trial by jury, and the English common law find their most famous expression in the American Declaration of Independence. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Hunting of the Snark | Carroll, Lewis | The Jury all cheered, though the Judge said he feared That the phrase was not legally sound. |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | He is as yet only before the grand jury. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Civil Liberties | Iran | Its hearings are conducted in public and feature the presence of a jury that is composed of clerics, government officials, and editors of government-controlled newspapers. (references) |
Iran | The jury is empowered to recommend to the presiding judge the guilt or innocence of defendants and the severity of any penalty to be imposed, although these recommendations are not binding legally. (references) | |
Hong Kong | Debate continues over the desirability of privatizing RTHK. In November 2000, a lawyer sued two radio talk show hosts for defamation, and the Court of Final Appeal ordered a retrial when it ruled that the trial judge in a lower court had misdirected a jury in a way that could endanger freedom of speech. (references) | |
Economic History | Costa Rica | The jury system is not used. (references) |
Mexico | Trial is by judge, not jury, in most criminal cases. (references) | |
Malta | In the latter, the presiding judge sits with a jury of nine. (references) | |
Human Rights | El Salvador | A jury verdict cannot be appealed. (references) |
Spain | There is a nine-person jury system. (references) | |
Nepal | Judges decide cases; there is no jury system. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Brazil | Human rights groups and land reform activists criticized a jury verdict in June in Paraiba absolving a landowner of guilt in the 1983 slaying of rural labor leader Margarida Maria Alves. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Lin Wood | I don't think either side is interested in a peaceful resolution. I think this case ought to go to a jury and let citizens in the community decide it. |
Rush Limbaugh | Clinton did launch missiles at aspirin factories and empty terrorist camps during the Monica Lewinsky grand jury proceedings, but the goal there was to distract the people's attention from Monica Lewinsky's testimony, not to get bin Laden. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
James Madison | 1809-1817 | In suits at common law, between man and man, the trial by jury, as one of the best securities to the rights of the people, ought to remain inviolate. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | We should continue to seek equality and justice for each citizen-before a jury, in seeking a job, in exercising his civil rights. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Jury" is generally used as a noun (common) -- approximately 99.69% of the time. "Jury" is used about 2,288 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (common) | 99.69% | 2,281 | 3,889 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.26% | 6 | 143,867 |
| Noun (singular) | 0.04% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,288 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "jury" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Jury | Last name | 1,000 | 12,597 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "jury": address to the jury ♦ array the jury ♦ be on the jury ♦ blue ribbon jury ♦ consumer jury ♦ grand jury ♦ hang the jury ♦ hung jury ♦ jury box ♦ jury duty ♦ jury mast ♦ Jury of inquest ♦ Jury of matrons ♦ jury panel ♦ Jury process ♦ jury rig ♦ Jury rudder ♦ jury sail ♦ jury strut ♦ jury system ♦ party jury ♦ petit jury ♦ petty jury ♦ police jury ♦ right to speedy and public trial by jury ♦ serve on a jury ♦ serve on the jury ♦ special jury ♦ struck jury ♦ the return of the jury ♦ To poll a jury ♦ To strike a jury ♦ traverse jury. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "jury": jury-courts, jury-leg, jury-men, Jury-rig, jury-rigged, jury-rigging, jury-trial. | |
Ending with "jury": non-jury. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
face jury | 2,453 | jury consultant | 21 |
jury duty | 328 | avoiding duty jury | 20 |
jury | 185 | jury trial | 19 |
face jury.com | 149 | jury hotel | 19 |
grand jury | 87 | duty excuse jury | 19 |
the runaway jury | 79 | jury sc.co.pima.az.us | 19 |
jud2.state.ct.us jury | 44 | duty francisco jury san | 18 |
duty get jury | 42 | jury verdict research | 17 |
a jury of her peer | 42 | trial by jury | 16 |
jury selection | 42 | california instructions jury | 16 |
jury nullification | 40 | jury services | 15 |
hung jury | 36 | jury movie runaway | 15 |
duty jury sfgov.org | 31 | jury meet | 15 |
co.travis.tx.us jury | 30 | duty jury new york | 15 |
judge and jury | 29 | duty jury massachusetts | 14 |
jury instructions | 28 | com face jury | 14 |
jury verdicts | 26 | jury million verdict | 14 |
jury superiorcourt.maricopa.gov | 22 | petit jury | 13 |
california duty jury | 22 | jury duty law | 13 |
jury rate | 21 | county duty harris jury | 13 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "jury"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | juri (inquest, petty jury). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | مؤقت (interim, provisional, provisory, temporal, temporary, tentative, transition, transitory), هيئة المحلفين, المحكمون, المحلفون. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | съдебни заседатели, съд (bar, bench, container, court, court of justice, court of law, inquest, judgement-seat, judicature, judiciary, law, law court, receptacle, tribunal, utensil, vas, vessel), жури (judge). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 陪审员 (Juries, juror), 陪審團 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | jury, porota (hung jury, panel). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | jury, dommerhold. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | jury (Selection Board). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | juĝantaro, ĵurio. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | هیلت منصفه(حق.), ژوری , داورگان . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | tuomaristo. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | jury (juror, juryman). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | preisgericht. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κριτική επιτροπή, κακουργοδίκειο, ένορκοι, επιτροπή κρίσης, ελλανοδική επιτροπή, ορκωτό δικαστήριο (assizes). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | חבר מושבעים, חבר שופטים. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | versenybíróság, esküdtszék (inquest, panel), zsüri, rögtönzött (ad lib, ad-lib, extemporal, extemporaneous, extemporary, extempore, hop, impromptu, improvisational, improvised, makeshift, off hand, off-hand, scratch, snap, unpremeditated, unprompted, unrehearsed), ideiglenes (extemporal, extemporaneous, interim, make-do, makeshift, provisional, provisory, scrip, temporary, transient), esküdtbíróság (inquest, sworn jury). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | juri (panel). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | giuria (panel). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 陪審 (juror, juryman). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ばいし" (daimyo's retainer, juror, juryman, rear vassal), ジュリー . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 배심원 (Juries, juror). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | daa ghooinney yeig, bingagh. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | jury. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Papiamen | hurado. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | uryjay júri (panel). (various references) juriu (inquest, Pais), juraţi (Pais, panel). (various references) жюри, присяжные. (various references) porota. (various references) jurado (assize, juror, juryman, panel). (various references) jury (panel), nämnd (authority, board, committee). (various references) ตั"สินโ"ยค"ะลูกขุน, ค"ะกรรมการตั"สินการแข่งขัน, ค"ะลูกขุน. (various references) jüri (grand jury), yedek (backup, donkey, duplicate, pilot, refill, replacement, reserve, reserve service, reservist, spare, stand by, substitute), seçici kurul, geçici (ad interim, Band aid, casual, curable, deciduous, ephemeral, extrinsic, fading, flying, fortuitous, fugacious, impermanent, interim, interlocutory, makeshift, momentary, palliative, passing, pro forma, provisional, provisory, provo, stopgap, temporal, temporary, tentative, transient, transitory, volatile), eğreti (artificial, Band aid, extrinsic, improvised, makeshift, rough, stopgap, temporary, transitory). (various references) Јяori (r). (various references) тимчасовий (ambulatory, caducous, casual, extempore, improvised, interim, makeshift, provisional, provisory, seasonal, stopgap, temporal, temporary), журі для присудження нагород, аварійний (auxiliary, wrecking), присяжні. (various references) ban b"i thẩm ban giám khảo. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | jurare, RM:dretgira da giuraders. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "jury": jurying, juryman, jurymen. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "jury": injury, noninjury, nonjury, perjury, reinjury. (additional references) | |
| |
"Jury" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: djur, eury, jari, jarmy, jarry, jary, jauary, jaure, jeey, jegy, Jerh, jeri, jeru, jirn, jirsy, jora, Joray, jord, joury, jr, juary, Juby, Judrin, judy, juery, jugy, jumy, Junr, jur, Jurdy, jure, Jurek, Jurg, juri, jurie, Juripa, jurk, jurky, jurl, jurn, Juro, jurt, jurya, Juryeff, jurys, jusy, juty, juur, juy, lury. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "jury" (pronounced juh"rē) |
| 3 | -uh" r ē | Curie, Fleury, fury, Puri, venturi. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words containing the letters "j-r-u-y" | |
+2 letters: injury. | |
+3 letters: journey, jurally, jurying, juryman, jurymen, nonjury, perjury. | |
+4 letters: jesuitry, journeys, jugglery, junkyard, juratory, reinjury. | |
+5 letters: jocularly, journeyed, journeyer, joyfuller, judiciary, junkyards, noninjury. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)4A 75 72 79 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).--- ..- .-. -.--. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001010 01110101 01110010 01111001 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)J u r y |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)004A 0075 0072 0079 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)44878491 |
| Language | Coverage | Language Translations |
Albanian | fjalor, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, transmetim, transferim | shqip, الألبانية, الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanialainen, Albanais, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, albán, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець |
Arabic | معجم, قاموس, الوضوحية في الشيء, حد, تحديد, تعريف, التحديد, الإيضاحية, ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ترجمة, إفتتان | arabishte, العربية, عربي, اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arabialainen, arabe, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập |
Bulgarian | речник, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, транслация, превеждане, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, огъване, превод | bulgr, البلغارية, بلغاري, български, български език, българин, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarialainen, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri |
Chinese | 字典 , 定義 , 定义, 翻译 | kinez, الصينية, لغة الصين, صيني, الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, китайски, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kiinalainen, Chinois, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Sheenish, Sheenagh, chines, chinês, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць |
Czech | slovník, definice, překlad | çek, تشيكي, اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, чешки, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc |
Danish | ordbog, deskriptordefinition, oversættelse | danisht, danishte, لغة الدانمركية, نوع كعك, دانماركي, датски език, датски, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, tanskalainen, danois, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch |
Dutch | woordenboek, definitie, translatie | holandez, هولندي, اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollantilainen, néerlandais, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, "ול "י, holland, olandese, 네덜란", Ollanish, Germaanish, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã" |
Esperanto | vortaro, difino, traduko | الاسبرانتو لغة دولية, есперанто, 世界语, esperanton, espéranto, εσπεράντο, אספר טו, eszperanto, eszperantó, エスキモー犬 , エスペラント , эсперанто, esperanto, าษาที่ประ"ิษฐ์ขึ้นเพื่อใช้เป็น าษากลางในการสื่อสารระหว่างประเทศ ซึ่งรากศัพท์ส่วนใหญ่, esperanto dili, tiếng etperantô |
Finnish | määritelmä, translaatio, taajuusmuutos | finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, اللغة الفنلندية, فنلندية, فنلندي, фински език, фински, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan |
French | dictionnaire, définition, traduction | frëngjishte, frëng, franceze, اللغة الفرنسية, فرنسي, الشعب الفرنسي, френски език, френски, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzský, francouzština, ranskalainen, français, französisch, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, γάλλοσ, צרפתית, צרפתי, francia, francese, フレコン化 , 仏文 , フランス" , 仏 , ふつぶ", ふつ, フレンチ , フランセ , "랑스, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, franses, frances, francês, francezii, franţuzesc, francezã, francez, franţuzeşte, французский, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, fransk, franska, fransızca, fransız, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький |
German | Übersetzung, Wörterbuch, Definition | gjerman, ضرب من الرقص, جرماني, الماني, اللغة الألمانية, المانية, германски, немски език, немски, немец, роден, готически, германец, 德语, 德國 , 德文 , 德語 , nìmec, nìmecký, tysker, Duitse, saksalainen, allemand, "ερμανός, 'רמ ית, 'רמ י, német, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, Germaanish, Germaanagh, Garmane, Carmane, alemão, neamţ, немецкий, germanski, alemán, tysk, าษาเยอรมัน, เยอรมัน, alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister |
Greek | λεξικό, ορισμός, μετάφραση | يوناني, اللغة اليونانية, الإغريقي, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, 希腊语, 希臘語 , řek, řecký, řeètina, græker, kreikkalainen, grec, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, greacã, греческий, грек, grčki, grk, grčki jezik, griego, grek, yunanistan'a ait, yunanca, yunan, Yunanli, yunanlı, Rumca, rum, грецький, гречанка, грецька мова, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, kẻ lừa đảo, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm |
Hebrew | אוצר מילים, "'"ר", "'בל", תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק | hebraishte, اليهودية, اللغة العبرية, يهودي, عبري, العبرية, иврит, староеврейски език, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejec, hebrejka, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, juutalainen, hébreu, hebräisch, Hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברי, עברית, zsidó, héber, izraelita, ebreo, ebraico, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ewnish, Ew, hudiu, hebreu, hebraico, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврей, древнееврейский язык, древнееврейский, еврейский, hibru, hebreo, jude, hebreiska, hebreisk, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, іврит, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ |
Hungarian | szótár, meghatározás, definíció, fordítás | مجري, المجري, الهنغاري, هنغاري, اللغة الهنغارية, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, 匈牙利语, 匈牙利語 , maïarský, maïarština, maïar, ungarer, Hongaarse, unkarilainen, hongrois, Ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, unguresc, limba ungarã, limba maghiarã, ungureşte, ungur, maghiar, венгр, венгерский, mađarski jezik, mađarski, mađar, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорський, угорка, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri |
Indonesian | indonezian, الماليزي أحد أبناء ماليزيا, اللغة الأندونيسية, индонезийски език, индонезийски, 印度尼西亞語 , 印度尼西亚语, indonéština, indonéský, indonésan, indoneser, Indonesisch, Indisch, Indonesiër, indonesialainen, indonésien, Indonesier, Ινδονήσιος, indonéz, indonesiano, インドネシア語 , インドネシア", 인도네시아, Indoneesagh, indones, indonésio, indonésia, индонезийский, индонезиец, indonezijski, indonežanin, indonesio, endonezya'ya ait, endonezyalı, endonezya dili, endonezya, індонезі"ць, індонезійська мова, індонезійський, індонезійка, người In-ddô-nê-xi-a tiếng In-ddô-nê-xi-a | |
Italian | dizionario, definizione, traduzione | الإيطالي, اللغة الإيطالية, إيطالي, شخص إيطالي, италиански език, италиански, италианец, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italský, italština, ital, italiener, italialainen, italien, italienisch, Ιταλός, איטלקית, איטלקי, olasz, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, italianã, итальянский язык, итальянец, итальянский, italijan, italijanski jezik, italijanski, italiensk, italienska, italienare, ชาวอิตาลี, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка |
Japanese Kanji | 辭典 , 辞典 , 字引 , 辞林 , 字書 , ディーゼル電気車 , 言海 , 辞彙 , 辞書 , 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , 翻訳 | japonez, يابانية, ياباني, اليابانية, اللغة اليابانية, японски език, японци, японски, 日語 , 日语, 日本 , 日文 , 倭 , japonský, japanilainen, Japonais, japaner, japanisch, ιαπωνικόσ, Ιάπωνας· "ιαπωνέζος, ιάπωνεσ, ιάπων, ιαπωνικά, יפ י, japán, giapponese, 邦語 , 邦人 , ジャスミン茶 , ほう", ジャパニーズ , ほうじ", 일본, Shapaanagh, Shapaanish, hapones, japonês, japonezã, японский, японец, japanski, japanski jezik, japanac, japonés, japansk, คนญี่ปุ่น, าษาญี่ปุ่น, เกี่ยวกับญี่ปุ่น, Japonca, японська мова, японський, японка, японець, người Nhật bản tiếng Nhật bản |
Japanese Katakana | じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, へい"ういどう, やくじゅつ, トランスレーション , やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, ほ"やくしょ | japonez, يابانية, ياباني, اليابانية, اللغة اليابانية, японски език, японци, японски, 日語 , 日语, 日本 , 日文 , 倭 , japonský, japanilainen, Japonais, japaner, japanisch, ιαπωνικόσ, Ιάπωνας· "ιαπωνέζος, ιάπωνεσ, ιάπων, ιαπωνικά, יפ י, japán, giapponese, 邦語 , 邦人 , ジャスミン茶 , ほう", ジャパニーズ , ほうじ", 일본, Shapaanagh, Shapaanish, hapones, japonês, japonezã, японский, японец, japanski, japanski jezik, japanac, japonés, japansk, คนญี่ปุ่น, าษาญี่ปุ่น, เกี่ยวกับญี่ปุ่น, Japonca, японська мова, японський, японка, японець, người Nhật bản tiếng Nhật bản |
Korean | 사 , 의, 번역 | korean, اللغة الكورية, كوري جنوبي, كوري شمالي, كوري, корейски език, корейски, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejec, korejština, korejský, Koreaans, coréen, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτικοσ, κορεάτησ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, limba coreeanã, coreean, кореец, корейский, korejski, korejski jezik, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên |
Manx | fockleyr, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght | gjuha e popullsisë së ishullit men, manština, manský, manx, mann-szigeti nyelv, Manninish, Manninagh, Gaelgagh, Yn Ghaelg, язык жителей о-ва мэн, с о-ва мэн, s ostrva mana, los habitantes de la isla de man, lengua de la isla de man, de la isla de man, från ön man, man adası, man dili, менський, менський діалект |
Norwegian | norvegjez, نرويجى, النرويجية, النرويجى, اللغة النروجية, норвежка, норвежки език, норвежки, норвежец, 挪威语, norský, nordmand, norjalainen, norvégien, Norweger, Νορβηγός, νορβηγόσ, νορβηγικόσ, norvég, norvegese, 노르웨이, Norlannish, Norlannagh, Loghlynagh, Loghlynish, norsk, noruechi, norueguês, norvegianã, norvegian, норвежский, norvežanin, norveški jezik, norveški, noruego, norrman, norveçli, Norveçce, Norveçlí, norveççe, norveç, норвежці, норвезька мова, норвезький, норвежець, người Na-uy tiếng Na-uy | |
Papiamen | dikshonario, definishon, tradukshon | |
Portuguese | dicionário, definição, tradução | portugez, portugalisht, اللغة البرتغالية, البرتغالية, البرتغالي, португалски, португалски език, португалец, 葡萄牙語 , 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙语, portugalský, portugiser, portugalilainen, portugais, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalac, portugalski, portugués, portugis, portekizce, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, португальський, португальська мова, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha |
Romanian | dicţionar, definiţie, determinare, definire, translaţie, traducere, tãlmãcire | rumun, румънски език, румънски, румънец, 罗马尼亚语, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, romanialainen, Roumain, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, român, румынский, румын, rumunski jezik, rumunski, rumano, rumänsk, румунський, румунка, румунська мова, румун |
Russian | словарь, определение, трансляция, сдвиг, перевод, перемещение | روسي, اللغة الروسية, الروسية, руски език, руски, руснак, 俄語 , 俄文 , 俄语, ruština, ruský, russer, venäläinen, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, русский, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, Rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga |
Serbo-Croatian | leksikon, rečnik, definicija, tumačenje | 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, 塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, srpsko-hrvatski, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย |
Spanish | diccionario, definición, traducción | spanjoll, اللغة الأسبانية, الأسبانية, أسباني, испански език, испански, 西班牙語 , 西班牙文 , 西班牙语, španìlský, španìlština, Spaans, espanjalainen, espagnol, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainish, Spaainagh, spañó, espanhol, spaniol, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, испанский, španski, španski jezik, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyol, ispanyolca, іспанський, іспанська мова |
Swedish | ordbok, lexikon, översättning | suedez, اللغة السويدية, шведски, шведски език, швед, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, ruotsalainen, suédois, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển |
Thai | พจนานุกรม | 泰國 , 泰文 , 泰 , 泰語 , 泰国, thailænder, Thais, Thai, thaimaalainen, Thaïlandais, thailändisch, Thailänder, Ταϊλανδός· Ταϊλανδέζος, tailandese, たい", 타이 말, tailandês, tailandés, thailändare, าษาไทย, เกี่ยวกับคนไทย, ที่เกี่ยวกับประเทศไทย, คนไทย, Tayland, Taylandlı, Tayland Dili, Tai Dili, Та"ць, Тайська Мова, Тайський |
Turkish | sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, tercüme | turk, تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, اللغة التركية, турски език, турски, 土耳其語 , 土耳其, turecký, tureètina, turkkilainen, turque, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, turc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türkçe, türk, турецький, турецька мова, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ |
Turkmen | Тюркменски Език, turkmener, Turkmeense, Turkmeen, turkmenistanilainen, Turkmène, Turkmenin, Turkmene, Τουρκομάνος, turkmeno, turcomano, turquemeno, turquemene, turkmenistanier | |
Ukrainian | словник, довідник, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення | ukrainisht, ukrainas, أوكراني أحد أبناء أوكرانيا, الأوكراني, украинец, украински език, 乌克兰, ukrajinec, ukrajinština, ukrajinský, ukrajinka, Oekraïens, ukraino, ukraina, اهل اوکرانی درکشورشوروی , ukrainalainen, ukrainien, ukrainisch, ukrainerin, Ukrainer, ουκρανικόσ, Ουκρανός, ουκρανόσ, ukrán, ucraino, Ookraanagh, Ookraanish, ucraniano, ucrainean, украинский язык, украинский, украинец украинский, ukrajinski, ukrajina, ucranio, ukrainare, ukraynalı, ukrayna, ukraynaca, український, українець, người U-kren tiếng U-kren |
Vietnamese | có tính chất sách vở, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích | vietnamisht, vietnamez, виетнамски език, виетнамски, 越南語 , 越南语, 越南 , vietnamec, vietnamský, vietnamka, vietnamština, vietnameser, vietnamilainen, vietnamien, vietnamesin, vietnamesisch, vietnamese, 'ιετναμέζος, vietnami, vietnámi, ベトナ 人 , ベトナ じ", 트남, vietnamita, вьетнамский, vijetnamski jezik, vijetnamski, vijetnamac, vietnames, vietnamlı, vietnam dili, vietnam, в'"тнамець, в'"тнамський, người Việt nam tiếng Việt |
English | Dictionary, Definition, Translation | anglezët, anglez, gjuhë zngleze, anglishte, anglisht, الإنجليزية, الأنكليزي, إنكليزي, ترجمة إنكليزية, اللغة الإنكليزية, английски език, английски, англичаните, 英语, 英國 , 英文 , 英 , 英語 , anglicky, anglan, englantia, englantilainen, anglais, englisch, εγγλέζοσ, αγγλικόσ, א 'לית, angol, inglese, 영국, Sostynagh, Sostnagh, Baarlagh, inglês, englezesc, английский, engleski, englez, engleski jezik, inglés, engelsk, เกี่ยวกับประเทศอังกฤษ, ชาวอังกฤษ, าษาอังกฤษ, ingiltere, ingiliz, Íngílízce, ingilizce, Íngílíz, ýngilizce, англійський, англійці, англійська мова |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Historic 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Quotations: Spoken | 13. Quotations: Speeches 14. Usage Frequency 15. Names: Frequency 16. Expressions | 17. Expressions: Internet 18. Translations: Modern 19. Translations: Ancient 20. Derivations | 21. Rhymes 22. Anagrams 23. Orthography 24. Bibliography |
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