Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Irrigation |
IrrigationNoun1. Supplying dry land with water by means of ditches etc. 2. (medicine) cleaning a wound or body organ by flushing or washing out with water or a medicated solution. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "irrigation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1839. (references) |
Etymology: Irrigation \Ir`ri*ga"tion\, noun. [Latin expression irrigatio: compare to the French expression irrigation.]. (Websters 1913) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Agriculture | Applying water (or wastewater) to land areas to supply the water (and sometimes nutrient) needs of plants. Techniques for irrigating include furrow irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, trickle (or drip) irrigation, and flooding. About 51 million acres of land are irrigated in the United States. More acres of corn are irrigated than any other crop, but only about 15% of the harvested acres. In contrast, irrigation is used for 100% of rice, 81% of orchards, 64% of vegetables, and 36% of cotton. About 40% of freshwater withdrawals in the nation are for irrigation, making agriculture the single largest user of water. Nearly 90% of all irrigation water withdrawals are in the western states, where in some areas competition for available supplies among uses, including base stream flow, has become controversial. Consumptive use as a percent of withdrawals is about 61% for irrigation. (references) |
Bible | Irrigation As streams were few in Palestine, water was generally stored up in winter in reservoirs, and distributed through gardens in numerous rills, which could easily be turned or diverted by the foot (Deut. 11:10). For purposes of irrigation, water was raised from streams or pools by water-wheels, or by a shaduf, commonly used on the banks of the Nile to the present day. Source: Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary. |
Building & Civil Engineering | A project meant either solely or primarily for irrigation purposes including development and improvement of land, although in the latter case it may incidentally serve other purposes. Source: European Union. (references) |
Environment | Applying water or wastewater to land areas to supply the water and nutrient needs of plants. (references) |
Health | The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing solution which is inserted and then removed. Any drug in the irrigation solution may be absorbed. (references) |
Hydrologic | The controlled application of water for agricultural purposes through manmade systems to supply water requirements not satisfied by rainfall. Here's a quick look at some types of irrigation systems. (references) |
Public Administration | Watering of land to compensate for shortage of rainfall. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Irrigation (in agriculture) is the replacement or supplementation of rainfall with water from another source in order to grow crops. In contrast, agriculture that relies only on direct rainfall is sometimes referred to as dryland farming.
The water source for irrigation may be a nearby or distant body of liquid or frozen water such as a river, spring, lake, aquifer, well, or snowpack. Depending on the distance of the source and the seasonality of rainfall, the water may be channelled directly to the agricultural fields or stored in reservoirs or cisterns for later use. In addition, the "harvesting" of local rain that falls on the roofs of buildings or on nearby unfarmed hills and its use to supplement the rain that falls directly on farmed fields also involves irrigation.
Various types of irrigation techniques differ in how the water obtained from the source is distributed within the field. In general, the goal is to supply the entire field uniformly with water, so that each plant has the amount of water it needs, neither too much nor too little.
Once common in the U.S., most ditch irrigation systems have been replaced because of the amount of water wasted by such systems, and because of the negative environmental impact.
Manually assembled systems of piping that are torn apart to permit tillage and harvesting are sometimes called "hand set."
This system is less expensive to install than center pivot and is most often used for small or oddly-shaped fields, such as those found in hilly or mountaineous regions.
Jess Stryker's Landscape Irrigation Tutorials - http://www.irrigationtutorials.com/ - self-proclaimed motherload of free irrigation information.How it works in general
Types of irrigation
Ditch irrigation
The plants are grown in somewhat raised beds or rows, and the water is distributed throughout the field via unlined ditches between the rows or beds. Depending on economic and physical factors such as the size of the field, the types of technology available, and the cost of manpower, the ditches can be dug with hand tools, turned with a plow pulled by an animal or simple tractor, or precisely fashioned using laser-guided instruments. Unless the field is small or very level, parts of it may suffer from water-logging while other parts may be too dry. Depending on heat, wind, and soil permeabilitiy, much water may be lost before it can benefit the plants. Water flow can be controlled by turning it on or off at the local source or by using automatic or manually controlled gates to shunt it from one set of ditches to another.Terracing
Large steps are cut into hillsides and supported by stone or concrete walls. The level parts are used as garden plots or small fields. As water flows down the hillside it is channelled to each plot (probably most often by ditch irrigation). Terracing is usually very labor-intensive, since the fields are small and access to them may be steep and narrow (so it's hard to mechanize the work). In addition, the walls need constant maintenance, especially in rainy climates. However, terracing does allow steep mountainsides to be used to grow plants (although it may be more cost effective to use them only for animal pasturage).Overhead irrigation
Water is piped to one or more central locations within the field and distributed by overhead high-pressure sprayers or lower-pressure sprinklers. The sprayers can be hidden below ground level, if esthetics is a concern, and pop up in response to increased water pressure. Individual sprayers can be designed to rotate in a full or partial circle. At the high-tech end, computerized, automatically moving wheeled setups may irrigate large areas unattended. At the low end, a person may water each plant individually with a watering can. Much water can be lost because of high winds or evaporation, and irrigating the entire field uniformly can be difficult or tedious. Water remaining on plants' leaves may promote fungal and other diseases. If fertilizers are included in the irrigation water, plant leaves can be burned, especially on hot, sunny days. However, overhead irrigation is the best solution for watering lawns and golf courses. (See also center pivot irrigation.)Center pivot irrigation
Center pivot irrigation is a form of overhead irrigation in which a long tube, mounted on wheels and with sprinklers positioned along its length, is made to run in circles and fed with water from its stationary end, which is the common center of the circles. These are common in parts of the United States where terrain is flat. Most center pivot systems have drop heads that are positioned a few feet (at most) above the crop, thus limiting evaporative losses.Lateral move irrigation
A series of pipes, each with a wheel of about 1.5m diameter permanently affixed to its midpoint and sprinkers along its length, are coupled together at one edge of a field. Water is supplied at one end using a large hose. After sufficient water has been applied, the hose is removed and the remaining assembly rotated either by hand or with a purpose-built mechanism, so that the sprinklers move 10m across the field. The hose is reconnected. The process is repeated until the opposite edge of the field is reached.Drip, or trickle, irrigation
Water is delivered at or near the root zone of plants, drop by drop. This is the most water-efficient method of irrigation, since very little water evaporates or drains off before being used by the plants. Drip irrigation methods range from very high-tech and computerized to low-tech and relatively labor-intensive. Only rather low water pressure is usually needed, and the distribution can be adjusted for uniformity throughout a field or for precise water delivery to individual plants in a landscape containing a mix of plant species. Although it is difficult to regulate pressure on steep slopes, the field does not have to be level. High-tech solutions involve precisely calibrated emitters located along lines of tubing that extend from a computerized set of valves. Both pressure regulation and filtration to remove particles are important. The tubes are usually black (or buried under soil or mulch) to prevent the growth of algae. But drip irrigation can also be as low-tech as a porous clay vessel sunk into the soil and occasionally filled from a hose or bucket. The method is not cost-effective (or esthetically pleasing) for lawns and golf courses.External links
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Irrigation."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
River | Irrigation. (water); pump; watering pot, watering cart; hydrant, syringe; garden hose, lawn spray; bhisti, mussuk. |
Water | Dilution, maceration, lotion; washing. Verb: immersion, humectation, infiltration, spargefaction, affusion, irrigation, douche, balneation, bath. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | All right, but apart from the sanitation, medicine, education, wine, public order, irrigation, roads, the fresh water system and public health, what have the Romans ever done for us? (Life of Brian; writing credit: Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin.) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Primitive Irrigation in Egypt (1903) Development in Irrigation (1981) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
References |
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Books | |
Periodicals | |
Theater & Movies | |
Consumer Goods | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Weed-choked irrigation ditches result in sluggish streams. Such environments may contain larvae of Culex tarsalis and Anopheles punctipennis. Credit: CDC. |  | Center pivot irrigation systems created these circular patterns in crop land near Garden City, Kansas. The red circles indicate irrigated crops of healthy vegetation. The light-colored circles represent harvested crops.. Credit: NASA. |
 | On the edge of the Kalahari Desert in Namibia, sand dunes are encroaching onto once-fertile lands in the north. Healthy vegetation appears red in this image; in the center, notice the lone red dot. It is the result of a center-pivot irrigation system, evidence that at least one optimistic farmer continues to work the fields despite the approaching sand. Credit: NASA. |  | Charlie Conerly (left), NRCS RC&D Coordinator and farmer in Mariana, FL, discuss the benefits of drip irrigation.[Slide 97CS3082]. Credit: Bob Nichols. |
 | NRCS technicians conduct irrigation test to study the infiltration rates of water on various soils. Credit: Tim McCabe. |  | These efficient irrigation systems reduce evaporation of water. Credit: Gary Kramer. |
 | Pivot irrigation on cotton in Mississippi. Credit: USDA. |  | Michael Yang (left), University of California Extension Service and Chu Yang (right), NRCS, Soil Conservationist, Fresno, California survey drip irrigation installed in raised beds prepared to grow strawberries. Credit: USDA. |
 | Sprinkler irrigation system in private agricultural land along the John Day River. Credit: John Craig. |  | Clarno BLM agriculture field with irrigation sprinkler along the John Day River. Credit: John Craig. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | The tribunal mentioned in the preceding Article shall be entitled to enforce the suspension or suppression of such works, making due allowance in its decisions for all rights in connection with irrigation, water-power, fisheries, and other national interests, which, with the consent of all the riparian States or of all the States represented on the International Commission, if there is one, shall be given priority over the requirements of navigation. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Baptized both of you in the irrigation ditch at once. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Although draining and drying of swamps gets rid of larval breeding sites, water-filled irrigation ditches may give mosquitoes another area to breed. (references) | |
The only indication to remove an adherent clot other than by low-pressure irrigation is in the actively bleeding patient or the patient who has rebled. (references) | ||
Although techniques to reduce secondary damage, such as cord irrigation and cooling, were first tried 20 to 30 years ago, the principles underlying effective use of these strategies were not well understood. (references) | ||
Business | Some recent joint plans include irrigation technology. (references) | |
This clearly points to a need for an increasingly expanding irrigation market. (references) | ||
Other irrigation systems are estimated to represent approximately US$105 million. (references) | ||
Economic History | Uzbekistan | Virtually all agriculture involves heavy irrigation. (references) |
Guyana | Farming is hampered by a need for improved drainage and irrigation systems. (references) | |
Mexico | Projects are underway to incorporate 60% of agricultural land to irrigation. (references) | |
Human Rights | Afghanistan | In 1999 the NGO Halo Trust estimated that mines covered more than 420 square miles, including over 285 square miles of grazing land, over 100 square miles of agricultural land, almost 25 square miles of roads, approximately 7.5 square miles of residential area, and over 2 square miles of irrigation systems and canals. (references) |
Political Economy | Afghanistan | Additionally, a lack of resources and the prolonged civil war impeded reconstruction of irrigation systems, repair of market roads, and replanting of orchards. (references) |
INDIA | Agricultural commodity procurement prices have risen substantially during the past nine years, while prices for nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers, rural electricity, and irrigation are subsidized. (references) | |
Trade | Tunisia | IBRD EFFORTS ARE FOCUSED ON SEVERAL AREAS INCLUDING THE ENVIRONMENT, THE FINANCIAL SECTOR, PRIVATIZATION AND INDUSTRIAL RESTRUCTURING, THE ROAD NETWORK, AND DAMS AND IRRIGATION. (references) |
Morocco | In the current FY 2001, the Irrigation Based Community Development project (US$32.6 million), and the Information Infrastructure Development Sector project (US$65 million) are scheduled to go to the Executive Board. (references) | |
Bangladesh | Customs duties are levied on all imports except raw cotton, textile machinery, certain machinery used in irrigation and agriculture, animal feeds used by the poultry and dairy industries, and certain drugs and medical equipment. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Burma | Children often build or repair roads and irrigation facilities. (references) |
Philippines | Mindanao plantations growing bananas for export frequently used children as day laborers in trimming and fertilizing plants and in clearing irrigation ditches. (references) | |
Burma | For example, according to SHRF, since July 50 to 60 persons in Nam-Zarng township have been forced by SPDC troops to dig approximately one mile long irrigation ditch through a stretch of rice fields of the local farmers. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | In the part that sound water resource projects play in providing irrigation, power, and flood control. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Irrigation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.26% of the time. "Irrigation" is used about 271 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.26% | 269 | 17,948 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.74% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 271 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name |
| India | Jain Irrigation Systems Limited |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
Expressions using "irrigation": areas under irrigation ♦ colonic irrigation ♦ conjunctive irrigation planning ♦ contour ditch irrigation ♦ farm irrigation preparations ♦ irrigation canal ♦ irrigation canals ♦ irrigation channel ♦ irrigation ditch ♦ irrigation engineering ♦ irrigation stream ♦ irrigation system ♦ overhead irrigation ♦ spate irrigation ♦ spray irrigation ♦ sprinkler irrigation ♦ sprinkling irrigation ♦ surface irrigation ♦ timely ponding irrigation ♦ under irrigation. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "irrigation": post-irrigation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "irrigation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | vaditje (watering), ujitje (sprinkling, watering), shpëlarje (emasculation, rinse). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | غسل (bathe, irrigate, launder, lave, lotion, rinse, scrub, swill, wash, washing), سقي, ري, رحض (irrigate). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | оросяване (spraying), напояване, иригация. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 灌溉 (irrigate, Irrigated, Irrigating, Sluiced, sluicing). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | irigace, zavodòování. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | irrigation,skylning, irrigation, udskylning (douching), skylning (flushing, lavage, rinsing, scavenging), lavage (lavage), kunstig vanding (surface irrigation, trickling). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | uitspoeling (washing), irrigatie (douching). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | kastelu (sprinkling, watering). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | irrigation. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | bewässerung (watering), spülung (douche, flush, rinse, rinsing, scavenging), Irrigation. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | άρδευση (watering). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | שטיפ" (flooding, flushing, lavation, rinsing, wash, washing), "שקא" (drenching, watering), "רוי" (saturation). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | öntözés (flooding). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | irigasi, pengairan (watering). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | irrigazione (watering). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 灌漑 , 潅漑 , 水利 (water supply, water transportation), 洗滌 (cleaning, washing), 利水 . (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | すいり (inference, mystery or detective genre, reasoning, water supply, water transportation), せ"でき (cleaning, washing), せ"じょう (a streak, audacity, battlefield, battleground, cleaning, fan form, filament, forwardness, line, linear, rifling, sensational, suggestiveness, washing), か"がい (box and cover, customs, damage from cold weather, deep emotion, drought damage, drought disaster, duty, outside a building, persuasion, strong feelings, tariff, urging), りすい (takeoff). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 관개 (Irrigating). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | ushtaghey (irrigate, steep, water, watering). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | vanning, overrisling. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | irrigationay irrigação (watering). (various references) irigare, irigaţie. (various references) орошение (watering). (various references) isparenje (transpiration, vapor, vapour), irigacija, navodnjavanje. (various references) riego (spraying, spreading, sprinkling, watering), regadío (irrigated land), irrigación (lavage). (various references) konstbevattning. (various references) sulama. (various references) joяa (irrigation ditch). (various references) іригація (flooding), зрошення (watering). (various references) sự tưới cho tươi tốt. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | inrigatio, inrigationes. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "irrigation": irrigations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "irrigation": subirrigation. (additional references) | |
Words containing "irrigation": subirrigations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Irrigation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: irragation, irrelation, irriation. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "irrigation" (pronounced i'rugā"shun) |
| 7 | -r u g ā" sh u n | abrogation, congregation, desegregation, interrogation, segregation. |
| 6 | -u g ā" sh u n | allegation, conjugation, delegation, fumigation, investigation, litigation, navigation, negation, obligation, propagation. |
| 5 | -g ā" sh u n | elongation, instigation, ligation, mitigation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accreditation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annihilation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congratulation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhabitation, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irritation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, legislation, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, limitation, liquidation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manifestation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, oscillation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, regulation, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | abduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-g-i-i-i-n-o-r-r-t" | |
-2 letters: rigatoni. | |
-3 letters: airting, grantor, ignitor, orating, rioting, roaring, tarring. | |
-4 letters: airing, aroint, garron, gitano, gratin, oaring, onagri, origan, origin, raring, rating, ration, taring, tiring, trigon. | |
-5 letters: argon, argot, garni, gator, giant, giron, gnarr, gonia, grain, grant, griot, groan, groat, groin, ingot, intro, iring, nitro, noria, orang, organ, ratio, riant, rigor, tango, tigon, tonga, torii. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-g-i-i-i-n-o-r-r-t" | |
+1 letter: irrigations. | |
+3 letters: granodioritic, nonirritating, subirrigation. | |
+4 letters: reinvigorating, reinvigoration, repartitioning, subirrigations. | |
+5 letters: misregistration, reinvigorations, transistorising, transistorizing. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)49 72 72 69 67 61 74 69 6F 6E |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
|
| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
|
| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
|
Morse Code (1836) (references).. .-. .-. .. --. .- - .. --- -. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
|
Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001001 01110010 01110010 01101001 01100111 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)I r r i g a t i o n |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0049 0072 0072 0069 0067 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
|
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)43848475736786758180 |
| Language | Coverage | Language Translations |
Albanian | fjalor, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, transmetim, transferim | shqip, الألبانية, الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanialainen, Albanais, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, albán, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець |
Arabic | معجم, قاموس, الوضوحية في الشيء, حد, تحديد, تعريف, التحديد, الإيضاحية, ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ترجمة, إفتتان | arabishte, العربية, عربي, اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arabialainen, arabe, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabic, арабский, arapski, árabe, arabisk, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập |
Bulgarian | речник, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, транслация, превеждане, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, огъване, превод | bulgr, البلغارية, بلغاري, български, български език, българин, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarialainen, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri |
Chinese | 字典 , 定義 , 定义, 翻译 | kinez, الصينية, لغة الصين, صيني, الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, китайски, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kiinalainen, Chinois, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Sheenish, Sheenagh, chinês, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць |
Czech | slovník, definice, překlad | çek, تشيكي, اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, чешки, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc |
Danish | ordbog, deskriptordefinition, oversættelse | danisht, danishte, لغة الدانمركية, نوع كعك, دانماركي, датски език, датски, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, tanskalainen, danois, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch |
Dutch | woordenboek, definitie, translatie | holandez, هولندي, اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollantilainen, néerlandais, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, "ול "י, holland, olandese, 네덜란", Ollanish, Germaanish, nederlandsk, holandês, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, holländsk, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã" |
Finnish | määritelmä, translaatio, taajuusmuutos | finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, اللغة الفنلندية, فنلندية, فنلندي, фински език, фински, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan |
French | dictionnaire, définition, traduction | frëngjishte, frëng, franceze, اللغة الفرنسية, فرنسي, الشعب الفرنسي, френски език, френски, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzský, francouzština, ranskalainen, français, französisch, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, γάλλοσ, צרפתית, צרפתי, francia, francese, フレコン化 , 仏文 , フランス" , 仏 , ふつぶ", ふつ, フレンチ , フランセ , "랑스, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, francês, francezii, franţuzesc, francezã, francez, franţuzeşte, французский, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, fransk, franska, fransızca, fransız, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький |
German | Übersetzung, Wörterbuch, Definition | gjerman, ضرب من الرقص, جرماني, الماني, اللغة الألمانية, المانية, германски, немски език, немски, немец, роден, готически, германец, 德语, 德國 , 德文 , 德語 , nìmec, nìmecký, tysker, Duitse, saksalainen, allemand, "ερμανός, 'רמ ית, 'רמ י, német, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, Germaanish, Germaanagh, Garmane, Carmane, alemão, neamţ, немецкий, germanski, alemán, tysk, alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister |
Greek | λεξικό, ορισμός, μετάφραση | يوناني, اللغة اليونانية, الإغريقي, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, 希腊语, 希臘語 , řek, řecký, řeètina, græker, kreikkalainen, grec, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, greacã, греческий, грек, grčki, grk, grčki jezik, griego, grek, yunanistan'a ait, yunanca, yunan, Yunanli, yunanlı, Rumca, rum, грецький, гречанка, грецька мова, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, kẻ lừa đảo, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm |
Hebrew | אוצר מילים, "'"ר", "'בל", תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק | hebraishte, اليهودية, اللغة العبرية, يهودي, عبري, العبرية, иврит, староеврейски език, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejec, hebrejka, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, juutalainen, hébreu, hebräisch, Hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברי, עברית, zsidó, héber, izraelita, ebreo, ebraico, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ewnish, Ew, hebreu, hebraico, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврей, древнееврейский язык, древнееврейский, еврейский, hibru, hebreo, jude, hebreiska, hebreisk, musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, іврит, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ |
Hungarian | szótár, meghatározás, definíció, fordítás | مجري, المجري, الهنغاري, هنغاري, اللغة الهنغارية, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, 匈牙利语, 匈牙利語 , maïarský, maïarština, maïar, ungarer, Hongaarse, unkarilainen, hongrois, Ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, unguresc, limba ungarã, limba maghiarã, ungureşte, ungur, maghiar, венгр, венгерский, mađarski jezik, mađarski, mađar, húngaro, ungrare, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорський, угорка, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri |
Indonesian | indonezian, الماليزي أحد أبناء ماليزيا, اللغة الأندونيسية, индонезийски език, индонезийски, 印度尼西亞語 , 印度尼西亚语, indonéština, indonéský, indonésan, indoneser, Indonesisch, Indisch, Indonesiër, indonesialainen, indonésien, Indonesier, Ινδονήσιος, indonéz, indonesiano, インドネシア語 , インドネシア", 인도네시아, Indoneesagh, indonésio, indonésia, индонезийский, индонезиец, indonezijski, indonežanin, indonesio, endonezya'ya ait, endonezyalı, endonezya dili, endonezya, індонезі"ць, індонезійська мова, індонезійський, індонезійка, người In-ddô-nê-xi-a tiếng In-ddô-nê-xi-a | |
Italian | dizionario, definizione, traduzione | الإيطالي, اللغة الإيطالية, إيطالي, شخص إيطالي, италиански език, италиански, италианец, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italský, italština, ital, italiener, italialainen, italien, italienisch, Ιταλός, איטלקית, איטלקי, olasz, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, italianã, итальянский язык, итальянец, итальянский, italijan, italijanski jezik, italijanski, italiensk, italienska, italienare, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка |
Japanese Kanji | 辭典 , 辞典 , 字引 , 辞林 , 字書 , ディーゼル電気車 , 言海 , 辞彙 , 辞書 , 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , 翻訳 | japonez, يابانية, ياباني, اليابانية, اللغة اليابانية, японски език, японци, японски, 日語 , 日语, 日本 , 日文 , 倭 , japonský, japanilainen, Japonais, japaner, japanisch, ιαπωνικόσ, Ιάπωνας· "ιαπωνέζος, ιάπωνεσ, ιάπων, ιαπωνικά, יפ י, japán, giapponese, 邦語 , 邦人 , ジャスミン茶 , ほう", ジャパニーズ , ほうじ", 일본, Shapaanagh, Shapaanish, japonês, japonezã, японский, японец, japanski, japanski jezik, japanac, japonés, japansk, Japonca, японська мова, японський, японка, японець, người Nhật bản tiếng Nhật bản |
Japanese Katakana | じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, へい"ういどう, やくじゅつ, トランスレーション , やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, ほ"やくしょ | japonez, يابانية, ياباني, اليابانية, اللغة اليابانية, японски език, японци, японски, 日語 , 日语, 日本 , 日文 , 倭 , japonský, japanilainen, Japonais, japaner, japanisch, ιαπωνικόσ, Ιάπωνας· "ιαπωνέζος, ιάπωνεσ, ιάπων, ιαπωνικά, יפ י, japán, giapponese, 邦語 , 邦人 , ジャスミン茶 , ほう", ジャパニーズ , ほうじ", 일본, Shapaanagh, Shapaanish, japonês, japonezã, японский, японец, japanski, japanski jezik, japanac, japonés, japansk, Japonca, японська мова, японський, японка, японець, người Nhật bản tiếng Nhật bản |
Korean | 사 , 의, 번역 | korean, اللغة الكورية, كوري جنوبي, كوري شمالي, كوري, корейски език, корейски, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejec, korejština, korejský, Koreaans, coréen, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτικοσ, κορεάτησ, koreai, 한국, coréia, a língua coreana, limba coreeanã, coreean, кореец, корейский, korejski, korejski jezik, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên |
Manx | fockleyr, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght | gjuha e popullsisë së ishullit men, manština, manský, manx, mann-szigeti nyelv, Manninish, Manninagh, Gaelgagh, Yn Ghaelg, язык жителей о-ва мэн, с о-ва мэн, s ostrva mana, los habitantes de la isla de man, lengua de la isla de man, de la isla de man, från ön man, man adası, man dili, менський, менський діалект |
Norwegian | norvegjez, نرويجى, النرويجية, النرويجى, اللغة النروجية, норвежка, норвежки език, норвежки, норвежец, 挪威语, norský, nordmand, norjalainen, norvégien, Norweger, Νορβηγός, νορβηγόσ, νορβηγικόσ, norvég, norvegese, 노르웨이, Norlannish, Norlannagh, Loghlynagh, Loghlynish, norsk, norueguês, norvegianã, norvegian, норвежский, norvežanin, norveški jezik, norveški, noruego, norrman, norveçli, Norveçce, Norveçlí, norveççe, norveç, норвежці, норвезька мова, норвезький, норвежець, người Na-uy tiếng Na-uy | |
Portuguese | dicionário, definição, tradução | portugez, portugalisht, اللغة البرتغالية, البرتغالية, البرتغالي, португалски, португалски език, португалец, 葡萄牙語 , 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙语, portugalský, portugiser, portugalilainen, portugais, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalac, portugalski, portugués, portugis, portekizce, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, португальський, португальська мова, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha |
Romanian | dicţionar, definiţie, determinare, definire, translaţie, traducere, tãlmãcire | rumun, румънски език, румънски, румънец, 罗马尼亚语, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, romanialainen, Roumain, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, român, румынский, румын, rumunski jezik, rumunski, rumano, rumänsk, румунський, румунка, румунська мова, румун |
Russian | словарь, определение, трансляция, сдвиг, перевод, перемещение | روسي, اللغة الروسية, الروسية, руски език, руски, руснак, 俄語 , 俄文 , 俄语, ruština, ruský, russer, venäläinen, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, русский, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, ryss, Rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga |
Serbo-Croatian | leksikon, rečnik, definicija, tumačenje | 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, 塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, srpsko-hrvatski, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk |
Spanish | diccionario, definición, traducción | spanjoll, اللغة الأسبانية, الأسبانية, أسباني, испански език, испански, 西班牙語 , 西班牙文 , 西班牙语, španìlský, španìlština, Spaans, espanjalainen, espagnol, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainish, Spaainagh, espanhol, spaniol, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, испанский, španski, španski jezik, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyol, ispanyolca, іспанський, іспанська мова |
Swedish | ordbok, lexikon, översättning | suedez, اللغة السويدية, шведски, шведски език, швед, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, ruotsalainen, suédois, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển |
Turkish | sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, tercüme | turk, تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, اللغة التركية, турски език, турски, 土耳其語 , 土耳其, turecký, tureètina, turkkilainen, turque, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, turc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türkçe, türk, турецький, турецька мова, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ |
Turkmen | Тюркменски Език, turkmener, Turkmeense, Turkmeen, turkmenistanilainen, Turkmène, Turkmenin, Turkmene, Τουρκομάνος, turkmeno, turcomano, turquemeno, turquemene, turkmenistanier | |
Ukrainian | словник, довідник, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення | ukrainisht, ukrainas, أوكراني أحد أبناء أوكرانيا, الأوكراني, украинец, украински език, 乌克兰, ukrajinec, ukrajinština, ukrajinský, ukrajinka, Oekraïens, ukrainalainen, ukrainien, ukrainisch, ukrainerin, Ukrainer, ουκρανικόσ, Ουκρανός, ουκρανόσ, ukrán, ucraino, Ookraanagh, Ookraanish, ucraniano, ucrainean, украинский язык, украинский, украинец украинский, ukrajinski, ukrajina, ucranio, ukrainare, ukraynalı, ukrayna, ukraynaca, український, українець, người U-kren tiếng U-kren |
Vietnamese | có tính chất sách vở, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích | vietnamisht, vietnamez, виетнамски език, виетнамски, 越南語 , 越南语, 越南 , vietnamec, vietnamský, vietnamka, vietnamština, vietnameser, vietnamilainen, vietnamien, vietnamesin, vietnamesisch, vietnamese, 'ιετναμέζος, vietnami, vietnámi, ベトナ 人 , ベトナ じ", 트남, vietnamita, вьетнамский, vijetnamski jezik, vijetnamski, vijetnamac, vietnames, vietnamlı, vietnam dili, vietnam, в'"тнамець, в'"тнамський, người Việt nam tiếng Việt |
English | Dictionary, Definition, Translation | anglezët, anglez, gjuhë zngleze, anglishte, anglisht, الإنجليزية, الأنكليزي, إنكليزي, ترجمة إنكليزية, اللغة الإنكليزية, английски език, английски, англичаните, 英语, 英國 , 英文 , 英 , 英語 , anglicky, englantia, englantilainen, anglais, englisch, εγγλέζοσ, αγγλικόσ, א 'לית, angol, inglese, 영국, Sostynagh, Sostnagh, Baarlagh, inglês, englezesc, английский, engleski, englez, engleski jezik, inglés, engelsk, ingiltere, ingiliz, Íngílízce, ingilizce, Íngílíz, ýngilizce, англійський, англійці, англійська мова |
| 1. Definition 2. Crosswords 3. Usage: Modern 4. Usage: Commercial | 5. Images: Slideshow 6. Images: Photo Album 7. Quotations: Historic 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Speeches 11. Usage Frequency 12. Names: Company Usage | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Translations: Ancient | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Orthography | 21. Bibliography |
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