Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Instrumentation

Definitions: Instrumentation

Instrumentation

Noun

1. An artifact (or system of artifacts) that is instrumental in accomplishing some end.

2. The act of providing or using the instruments needed for some implementation.

3. The instruments called for in a musical score or arrangement for a band or orchestra.

Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
 

Date "instrumentation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1886. (references)


Specialty Definitions: Instrumentation

DomainDefinitions

Aerospace

1. The installation and use of electronic, gyroscopic, and other instruments for the purpose of detecting, measuring, recording, telemetering, processing, or analyzing different values or quantities as encountered in the flight of a rocket or spacecraft. 2. The assemblage of such instruments in a rocket, spacecraft, or the like.3. A special field of engineering concerned with the design, composition, and arrangement of such instruments. (references)

Computing

The insertion of additional code into a program in order to collect information about program behaviour during program execution. Source: European Union. (references)
 The application of devices for the measuring, recording and/or controlling of physical properties and movements. Source: European Union. (references)

Industry

The installation and use of electronic, gyroscopic, and other instruments for the purpose of detecting, measuring, recording, telemetering, processing, or analyzing different values or quantities encountered in the flight of an aircraft, rocket, or spacecraft. Source: European Union. (references)

Mining

Control by servomechanisms. Use of signaling devices originating with theprocess to indicate, vary, or regulate performance. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Specialty Definition: Instrumentation

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Instrumentation is the study and practice of writing music for a musical instrument.

Writing for a specific instrument requires the ability to take into account the special properties of that instrument such as the following:

See orchestration for a description of the difference between instrumentation, orchestration and arrangement.

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Instrumentation."

Top     

Synonym: Instrumentation

Synonym: instrumentality (n). (additional references)

Top     

Crosswords: Instrumentation

English words defined with "instrumentation": implement. (references)
Specialty definitions using "instrumentation": BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT TECHNICIAN, boric acid precipitationCHEMICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN, CHEMICAL-RADIATION TECHNICIAN, CHEMIST, INSTRUMENTATION, compensating alloysDATA SET DOCUMENTATION, DSIFeddy-current testing, ELECTRONICS ENGINEER, environmental technicia, Eppley pyrheliometerFLUID-POWER MECHANICGround Calibration Sitehot testingIEEE 488, INSTRUMENT INSPECTOR, INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERLABORATORY SUPERVISOR, Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryMECHANICAL INSPECTOR, medical information bus, METROLOGIST, Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems, MITSnon-nuclear instrumentation, NUCLEAR-PLANT TECHNICAL ADVISOR, NUCLEAR-TEST-REACTOR PROGRAM COORDINATOROPERATIONS SUPERVISOR, NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, orthophotographypayload-support equipment, Periodontal Attachment Loss, PHOTO-OPTICS TECHNICIAN, POLLUTION-CONTROL TECHNICIANradar-sonde, REACTOR OPERATOR, TEST-AND-RESEARCHSENIOR TECHNICIAN, CONTROLS, Smear Layer, station constants, SUPERINTENDENT, AMMUNITION STORAGE, SUPERVISOR, ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE, SUPERVISOR, POWER-REACTORTechnology, Pharmaceutical, TEST ENGINEER, TEST TECHNICIANVXIWEIGHT ANALYST, WIND TUNNEL MECHANIC. (references)
Non-English Usage: "Instrumentation" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses.

French (instrumentality, instrumentation, orchestration), German (instrumentation, orchestration), Swedish (instrumentation).

Top     

Modern Usage: Instrumentation

DomainUsage

Screenplays

It's, it's got to be instrumentation. (Apollo 13; writing credit: Jim Lovell; Jeffrey Kluger)

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Commercial Usage: Instrumentation

DomainTitle

References

  • Process Controls and Instrumentation in Germany: A Strategic Entry Report, 1998 (reference)

  • Shanghai Automation Instrumentation Co: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (reference)

  • Airport Instrumentation in Denmark: A Strategic Entry Report, 1996 (reference)

  • Process Control Instrumentation in Vietnam: A Strategic Entry Report, 1998 (reference)

  • Analytical Instrumentation in Japan: A Strategic Entry Report, 1996 (reference)

    (more reference examples)

  

Books

  • Analytical Instrumentation Handbook (reference)

  • Developing WMI Solutions: A Guide to Windows Management Instrumentation (reference)

  • Fundamentals of Periodontal Instrumentation (reference)

  • Instrumentation for the Operating Room: A Photographic Manual (reference)

  • M68HC11 Microcontroller, The: Applications in Control, Instrumentation and Communication (reference)

    (more book examples)

  

Periodicals

  • Instrumentation & Automation News : Ian (reference)

  • Instrumentation Controls And Automation In The Power Industry - Cd-Rom (reference)

  • Excerpta Medica - Section 27 Biophysics Bio Engineering & Medical Instrumentation (reference)

  • Ca Selects: Chemical Instrumentation (reference)

  • Australian Journal Of Instrumentation & Control (reference)

    (more periodical examples)

  

Music

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Image Slideshow: Instrumentation

Computer Images:
Instrumentation

More pictures...

Top     

Photo Album: Instrumentation

ThumbnailDescription & CreditThumbnailDescription & Credit

Vacuum Instrumentation Research. Credit: NASA.

Instrumentation in A-29. Credit: NASA.

Deploying bio-optical instrumentation over the side of the NATHANIEL B. PALMER. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth.

A V-2 Rocket Launch. This particular rocket was launched to study the upper atmosphere and carried instrumentation to study the velocity of sound and to measure the temperature at high altitudes. In: "Weatherwise", Volume I, no. 3 , June 1948. P. 52. Credit: NOAA in Space.

Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits.

Top     

Non-Fiction Usage: Instrumentation

SubjectTopicQuote

Health

Although portability has been an obstacle to its use, new portable instrumentation is now available. (references)

Rapid progress is being made in cost of testing, however, because of improvements in instrumentation. (references)

Dose-response relationship, time/dose relationship, improvements in technical instrumentation, and optimization of brachytherapy techniques need further study. (references)

Business

Helena dominates the electrophoresis market in instrumentation and reagents. (references)

This, in turn, opens a large market for their capital equipment industry including control, and instrumentation systems. (references)

Research and development (R&D) organizations have been established in India to perform R&D in the instrumentation field. (references)

Economic History

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia has one of the largest expenditures on instrumentation and process control. (references)

Netherlands

Over 90 percent of the laboratory instrumentation suppliers are members of the trade association, FHI Het Instrument. (references)

Hungary

Leading U.S. exports to Hungary include automotive parts, computer equipment, measuring instrumentation, tapes and disks. (references)

Political Economy

ALGERIA

Because Air Algérie, the national airline, has chosen Boeing planes to modernize its fleet, aerospace was the second largest market for U.S. exports in 2000. As a result of the planned modernization of Algerian industry, there is now a strong potential demand for U.S. goods and services in other sectors, including: engineering, sensors and process control, instrumentation and high technology (in particular telecommunications). (references)

Trade

Ukraine

Power Plant Systems-TDA provided partial funding ($200,000) for a study on coproduction of instrumentation systems for nuclear power plants. (references)

Philippines

The Philippine government prohibits importation of non-metric measuring devices, instrumentation and apparatus without prior clearance from BPS. (references)

Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Top     

Usage Frequency: Instrumentation

"Instrumentation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.41% of the time. "Instrumentation" is used about 169 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted)
Parts of SpeechPercentUsage per
100 Million Words
Rank in English
Noun (singular)99.41%16824,050
Noun (common)0.59%1339,140
                    Total100.00%169N/A

Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.

Top     

Usage in Company Names: Instrumentation

CountryName
China

Shanghai Automation Instrumentation Co

 (more examples...)

Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.

Top     

Expression: Instrumentation

Expression using "instrumentation": micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems. Additional references.

Hypenated Usage

Ending with "instrumentation": re-instrumentation.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Frequency of Internet Keywords: Instrumentation

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.
 
ExpressionFrequency
per Day
ExpressionFrequency
per Day

instrumentation

304

abb instrumentation

9

instrumentation precision racing

82

instrumentation optical ram

9

laboratory instrumentation

39

instrumentation symbol

9

instrumentation amplifier

33

nuclear instrumentation

9

biomedical instrumentation

30

virtual instrumentation

8

instrumentation siemens

30

instrumentation engineering

8

instrumentation job

28

geotechnical instrumentation

7

instrumentation lab

26

association for the advancement of medical instrumentation

7

industrial instrumentation

24

instrumentation parker

7

instrumentation and control

24

intrinsically safe instrumentation

7

instrumentation control process

22

analytical instrumentation

7

process instrumentation

19

biomedical instrumentation technology

7

beisheim instrumentation technical

16

instrumentation training

6

window management instrumentation

13

test instrumentation

6

industry infrared instrumentation procedure

11

instrumentation recorder

6

infrared instrumentation procedure

11

instrumentation valve

6

contro instrumentation obsolete

11

instrumentation pentra

5

instrumentation management window wmi

11

electronic instrumentation

5

instrumentation technician

10

instrumentation northwest

5

broadband instrumentation

10

instrumentation fitting

5
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Top     

Modern Translations: Instrumentation

Language Translations for "instrumentation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.

Albanian

  

përdorim instrumentesh, orkestrim (orchestration). (various references)

   

Arabic 

  

‏نفع (avail, profit, serve, use, usefulness), ‏وسيلة (appliance, connection, connexion, contrivance, device, engine, expedience, expediency, expedient, facility, in a way, instrument, intermediary, makeshift, mean, measure, modality, resource, string, tactic, twist), ‏واسطة (agency, intermediary). (various references)

   

Bulgarian 

  

съдействие (abetment, agency, collaboration, concurrence, contribution, co-operation, instrumentality, ministry, promotion, subservience), средство (agency, contrivance, device, help, instrumentality, means, medium, pry, recourse, remedy, resort, resource, shift, tool, weapon), контролно измервателни-уреди, оркестровка (orchestration), инструментация. (various references)

   

Chinese 

  

仪器工作. (various references)

   

Czech

  

instrumentace. (various references)

   

Danish

  

instrumentering, instrumentation. (various references)

   

Dutch

  

instrumentatie, iets met instrumenten uitrusten. (various references)

   

Finnish

  

instrumentointi, mittarivarustus. (various references)

   

French

  

instrumentation (instrumentality). (various references)

   

German

  

instrumentierung. (various references)

   

Greek 

  

σύστημα οργάνων, ενοργάνιση, ενοργάνωση. (various references)

   

Hebrew 

  

מכשור. (various references)

   

Hungarian

  

hangszerelés (harmonization, orchestration, scoring). (various references)

   

Indonesian

  

peralatan (equipment, implement). (various references)

   

Italian

  

uso di strumenti, strumentazione, orchestrazione (orchestration), attrezzare con apparecchi. (various references)

   

Japanese Kanji 

  

計装 . (various references)

   

Japanese Katakana 

  

けいそう (a conflict, a dispute, aspect, contention, controversy, diatom, dispute, features, flighty, form, lightweight equipment or dress, look, phase, relay race, thoughtless). (various references)

   

Korean 

  

기계 사용. (various references)

   

Manx

  

reaghys greienyn, jeshaghtys (machinery). (various references)

   

Pig Latin

  

instrumentationay

   

Portuguese

  

instrumentação (orchid). (various references)

   

Romanian

  

instrumentaţie. (various references)

   

Russian 

  

осуществление (carriage, effect, exercise, exercise of, fruition, fulfillment, fulfilment, implementation, materialization, realization), инструментовка (orchestration). (various references)

   

Serbo-Croatian

  

instrumentacija. (various references)

   

Spanish

  

instrumentación (orchestration). (various references)

   

Swedish

  

instrumentering (orchestration), instrumentation, orkestrering, medverkan (agency, assistance, co-operation, instrumentality, participation, partnership), medel (agent, expedient, funds, means, money, stepping stone, stepping-stone, wherewithal). (various references)

   

Turkish

  

orkestrasyon (orchestration), aletlerle iş yapma, aletler (apparatus, outfit, services). (various references)

   

Ukranian 

  

оркестровка, манера виконання, застосування інструментів. (various references)

   

Vietnamese 

  

sự trang bị máy móc. (various references)

Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Top     

Derivations & Misspellings: Instrumentation

Derivations

Words beginning with "instrumentation": instrumentations. (additional references)


Misspellings

"Instrumentation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: instrumentarium, instrumetation. (additional references)

Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references).

Top     

Rhyming with "Instrumentation"

# of Phoneme MatchesPronunciationWord(s) rhyming with "instrumentation" (pronounced i'nstrume'ntā"shun)
7-e' n t ā" sh u nindentation.
6-n t ā" sh u nargumentation, augmentation, confrontation, disorientation, documentation, experimentation, fermentation, fragmentation, implantation, implementation, incantation, misrepresentation, orientation, ornamentation, ostentation, pigmentation, plantation, presentation, recantation, regimentation, representation, sedimentation, segmentation, transplantation.
5-t ā" sh u naccreditation, adaptation, affectation, agitation, amputation, annotation, cetacean, citation, cogitation, cohabitation, computation, connotation, consultation, crustacean, decapitation, deforestation, deportation, devastation, dictation, dilatation, disputation, dissertation, equitation, excitation, exhortation, expectation, exploitation, facilitation, flirtation, flotation, gestation, gravitation, habitation, hesitation, imitation, importation, imputation, incapacitation, incrustation, infestation, inhabitation, interpretation, invitation, irritation, lactation, levitation, limitation, manifestation, meditation, misinterpretation, molestation, mutation, notation, palpitation, permutation, precipitation, premeditation, protestation, quotation, recitation, reforestation, refutation, rehabilitation, reinterpretation, reputation, resuscitation, rotation, sanitation, solicitation, station, superstation, temptation, transportation, vegetation, visitation.
4-ā" sh u nabbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, accumulation, accusation, acidification, activation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, adulation, advocation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, animation, annexation, annihilation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, appellation, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, articulation, aspiration, assassination, assimilation, association, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calculation, calibration, cancellation, cannibalization, capitalization, capitulation, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, characterization, civilization, clarification, classification, coagulation, codification, cogeneration, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, compilation, complication, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confabulation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, conglomeration, congratulation, congregation, conjugation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolation, consolidation, constellation, consternation, constipation, consummation, contamination, contemplation, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, correlation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deflation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demodulation, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, depopulation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, deregulation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desolation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, deviation, differentiation, dilation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinflation, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, dispensation, disqualification, dissemination, dissipation, dissociation, distillation, diversification, divination, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, ejaculation, elaboration, elation, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, emulation, enumeration, equalization, equivocation, eradication, escalation, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhalation, exhilaration, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploration, expropriation, extermination, extrapolation, fabrication, falsification, fascination, federation, fertilization, fibrillation, figuration, filtration, fixation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, formulation, fortification, foundation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, gastrulation, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, granulation, gratification, gyration, hallucination, harmonization, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, hyperinflation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implication, impregnation, improvisation, inactivation, inauguration, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incubation, indemnification, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infiltration, inflammation, inflation, information, inhalation, initiation, innovation, inoculation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, installation, instigation, institutionalization, insubordination, insulation, integration, intensification, internationalization, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, isolation, jubilation, justification, laceration, legalization, legislation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manipulation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, miscalculation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, modulation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutilation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, origination, oscillation, ossification, ovation, overpopulation, overregulation, overvaluation, ovulation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, population, predestination, prefabrication, preoccupation, preparation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recalculation, recapitalization, recertification, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reflation, reformation, refrigeration, regeneration, registration, regulation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, repudiation, reregulation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, revelation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, simulation, situation, socialization, sophistication, specialization, specification, speculation, stabilization, stagflation, stagnation, standardization, starvation, sterilization, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, syndication, tabulation, taxation, telecommunication, termination, titillation, toleration, transformation, transillumination, translation, trepidation, triangulation, tribulation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, vacillation, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, ventilation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, violation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization.
3-sh u nabduction, abolition, abortion, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, faction, fashion, fiction, fission, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation.

Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits.

Top     

Anagrams: Instrumentation

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams

Words within the letters "a-e-i-i-m-n-n-n-o-r-s-t-t-t-u"

-2 letters: antineutrinos, intermountain.

-3 letters: antineutrino, antineutrons, inattentions, interstation, menstruation, sternutation, strontianite, terminations.

-4 letters: anointments, antineutron, attornments, inattention, inseminator, interunions, mensuration, nitrosamine, numerations, restitution, ruminations, termination, tournaments.

-5 letters: anointment, antimonies, antinomies, attentions, attornment, attritions, estimation, innominate, insinuator, instituter, institutor, instrument, intentions, interunion, intimaters, iterations, itinerants, maturities, mentations, miniatures, ministrant, monetarist, nitrations, nonmutants, numeration, nutriments, nutritions, reunionist.

 Words containing the letters "a-e-i-i-m-n-n-n-o-r-s-t-t-t-u"
 

+1 letter: instrumentations.

Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.

Top     

Alternative Orthography: Instrumentation


Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

49 6E 73 74 72 75 6D 65 6E 74 61 74 69 6F 6E

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)

=

Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)

Braille (1829, in France) (references)

Morse Code (1836) (references)

..    -.    ...    -    .-.    ..-    --    .    -.    -    .-    -    ..    ---    -.

Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001001 01101110 01110011 01110100 01110010 01110101 01101101 01100101 01101110 01110100 01100001 01110100 01101001 01101111 01101110

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#73 &#110 &#115 &#116 &#114 &#117 &#109 &#101 &#110 &#116 &#97 &#116 &#105 &#111 &#110

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0049 006E 0073 0074 0072 0075 006D 0065 006E 0074 0061 0074 0069 006F 006E

British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

438085868487797180866786758180

Top     

 

INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Modern
5. Usage: Commercial
6. Images: Slideshow
7. Images: Photo Album
8. Quotations: Non-fiction
9. Usage Frequency
10. Names: Company Usage
11. Expressions
12. Expressions: Internet
13. Translations: Modern
14. Derivations
15. Rhymes
16. Anagrams
17. Orthography
18. Bibliography


  

Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

 

 

Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions:
woordeboek, fjalor, ‏معجم, ‏قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 辭典 , 辞典 , 字引 , 辞林 , 字書 , ディーゼル電気車 , 言海 , 辞彙 , 辞書 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary;
definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
vertaal, transmetoj, transferoj, ‏نقل من لغة إلى أخرى, ‏ترجم الأفكار الي أعمال, ‏ترجم, ‏بهج لأقصى حد, преправям от старо, премествам, обяснявам, изяснявам, тълкувам, прибирам в рая, превеждам, кърпя, traduir, 翻译, 翻譯 , 翻 , 繙 , přenést, přeložit, překládat, oversætte, vertalen, translateren, overzetten, týða, kääntää, traduire, übersetzen, μεταφράζω, לתר'ם, fordít, þýða, tradurre, トランスフォー 断層 , トランスレート , 번역하십시", chyndaa, oversette, tradusí, tłumaczyć, traduzir, traduce, переводить, prevoditi, prevesti, preneti, traducir, översätta, tercüme yapmak, tercüme etmek, переміщувати, пояснювати, перекладатися, перекладати, trosi, for translate;
翻译, siirros, translation, übersetzend, μετάφραση, תר'ום, traslazione, 번역, tãlmãcire, traductorio, traduciendo, översättandet, översätter, for Translating;
transferues, ‏المترجم, ‏الترجمان, преводач, 译者, překladatel, kodeomsætter, omregner, isolertransformer, skilletransformer, omsætter, Oversætter, oversætterprogram, oversaetter, kääntäjä, Traducteur, Übersetzer, Mεταφραστής, μετασχηματιστής απομονώσεως, μεταβιβαστής, μεταφράστησ, μεταφραστής, αποκωδικοποιητής, מתר'ם, תור'מן, fordító, traduttore, 訳者 , 翻訳者 , 翻訳家 , トランスフォー 断層 , トランスレーター , トランスレータ , ほ"やくしゃ, ほ"やくか, やくしゃ, 통역, glareyder, chyndaader, tradutor, tãlmaci, translator, traducãtor, tãlmãcitor, переводчик, tumač, traductor, um-húmushi, översättare, tercüman, транслятор, гравірувальник, перекладач, cyfieithydd, for translator;
Engels, anglezët, anglez, gjuhë zngleze, anglishte, anglisht, ‏الإنجليزية, ‏الأنكليزي, ‏إنكليزي, ‏ترجمة إنكليزية, ‏اللغة الإنكليزية, английски език, английски, англичаните, anglès, Ingles, 英语, 英國 , 英文 , 英 , 英語 , anglicky, anglan, inglise, enskt, englantia, englantilainen, anglais, Ingelsk, englisch, εγγλέζοσ, αγγλικόσ, angle, angleze, א 'לית, angol, ensku, enskur, enska, Béarla, inglese, 영국, oluzungu, luzungu, englesch, anglisy, Inggris, Sostynagh, Sostnagh, Baarlagh, english, inglês, anglés, inglestataq, inglesta, englezesc, английский, Igilisi, beurla, engleski, englez, engleski jezik, angleško, ingiriisi, ingiriisiga, sekgowa, inglés, kiingereza, sí-Ngísi, engelsk, peret‘ne, เกี่ยวกับประเทศอังกฤษ, ชาวอังกฤษ, าษาอังกฤษ, sekgoa, ingiltere, ingiliz, Íngílízce, ingilizce, Íngílíz, ýngilizce, англійський, англійці, англійська мова, Saesneg, ngale, isilungu, isiNgisi, for English;
Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, ‏الألبانية, ‏الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian;
Arabies, arabishte, ‏العربية, ‏عربي, ‏اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic;
asturiano, for asturian;
aimará, aimara, for aymara;
Baskies, Bask, ‏واحد من الباسكيين, ‏الباسكي, Vascu, жакетче, баскски език, баскски, баска, Basko, 巴斯克 , 巴斯克語 , baskiskur, baskiskt, Basque, Baskysk, baskisch, baske, baszk, Bascais, basco, バスに乗る , バスク , Bascish, Bascagh, basc, баскский, баск, baskijski jezik, baskijski, baskijac, vascuence, vasco, bask'lar veya bask dili ile ilgili, bask kabilesinden kimse, футерування, баскський, облицювання, блузка у талію, for Basque;
Beier, 巴法力亚, bavarois, bayer, βαυάροσ, bajorországi, bajor, bavarese, Baveyragh, bávaro, bavarski, bavarac, bajersk, bavyera, bavyeralı, баварський, баварець, for Bavarian;
μαυροπόδαροσ, for blackfoot;
breizhat, 不列"尼人, Breton, Bretone, 브리타니 사람, Britaanagh, Bretonagh, Britaanish, bretão, Llydaweg, for Breton;
Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, ‏البلغارية, ‏بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian;
каталонски, каталонец, catal , katalánský, Katalaansk, katalanisch, katalane, katalanin, katalán, catalano, catalão, catalan, каталонский, Katalana, katalonski, katalonac, catalán, katalansk, katalonyalı kimse, katalonyalı, katalonya veya dili ile ilgili, katalonya lehçesi, for catalan;
Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, ‏الصينية, ‏لغة الصين, ‏صيني, ‏الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese;
‏ضارب للإصفرار, корнуолски език, корнуолски, 康沃", cornwallština, cornwallský, cornique, kornisch, aus cornwall, carnwalli nyelvjárás, corwaldi kelta, della cornovaglia, Kernowish, Kernowagh, Cornish, Cornagh, relativo cornualha, dialeto da cornualha, limbã din cornwall, din cornwall, корнуоллский язык, корнуоллский, stanovnik kornvala, kornvalski, córnico, från cornwall, kornisk, cornwall ile ilgili, корнуольський, корнійська мова, Cernyweg, for cornish;
Kroaties, хърватски, Croasyano, 克羅地亞語 , chorvatský, kroatiskt, croate, Kroätysk, kroatisch, horvát, croato, croácio, croata, croat, хорватский, hrvatski, hrvat, de croacia, kroatisk, hırvat, хорватська мова, хорватський, хорватка, хорват, for Croatian;
Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, ‏تشيكي, ‏اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, ‏التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech;
Deens, danisht, danishte, ‏لغة الدانمركية, ‏نوع كعك, ‏دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish;
Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, ‏هولندي, ‏اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch;
‏الاسبرانتو لغة دولية, Esperantu, есперанто, 世界语, esperanton, espéranto, εσπεράντο, אספר טו, eszperanto, eszperantó, エスキモー犬 , エスペラント , эсперанто, Eseperano, esperanto, Kiesperanto, าษาที่ประ"ิษฐ์ขึ้นเพื่อใช้เป็น าษากลางในการสื่อสารระหว่างประเทศ ซึ่งรากศัพท์ส่วนใหญ่, esperanto dili, tiếng etperantô, for esperanto;
Ests, Est, estonez, ‏من أبناء إستونيا, ‏أستونيه, ‏أستونى, Estoniu, естонски, естонец, естонски език, Estonyano, 爱沙尼亚, estonský, ester,estlænder, Estlander, Estlands, eesti, estonianskt, virolainen, estonien, Estysk, Este, Εσθονός, észt, estone, Estoinagh, estônio, estoniano, estónio, eston, эстонец, эстонский, Esotonia, estonski, estonac, estonski jezik, estonio, estländare, ชาวเอสโตเนีย, เกี่ยวกับประชาชน าษาหรือวั'นธรรมของเอสโตเนีย, าษาเอสโตเนีย, for Estonian;
费罗族, føroyskur, färöisk, färöbo, for Faeroese;
Farsi, Parsi, persiskt, Fasi, for Farsi;
Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, ‏اللغة الفنلندية, ‏فنلندية, ‏فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish;
‏فلمنكي, ‏الفلمنكية لغة, ‏الأرنب الفلمنكي, фламандски, фламандски език, 佛蘭'語 , 佛兰'语, vlámský, vlaams, Flaamsk, flandrisch, flämisch, פלמי, flamand, flamand nyelv, fiammingo, "랑"르, Flandrynish, Flandrynagh, flamengo, фламандский, flamanski jezik, flamanski, flamenco, flamländsk, flaman diline ait, flaman dili, flaman, фламандська мова, фламандський, Fflemeg, for flemish;
Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, ‏فرنسي, ‏اللغة الفرنسية, ‏الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French;
Fries, фризийски, фризиец, Frison, Frysk, Friese, fríz, frisone, Freeshlannish, Freeshlannagh, frisão, frizian, фризский, фриз, frizijac, frizijski, frisio, fris, frizye'li kimse, frizye'li, frizye dili, frizye ile ilgili, фризький, фризька мова, for Frisian;
Galicies, Gallegu, Galasyano, 利西亚人, Gallicisch, galisiskt, galicien, Galisysk, galego, galega, galicisch, galizisch, galizier, galicier, galiziano, galéc, Kalisia, gallego, galicia'ya ait, galicia'lı kimse, галісі"ць, галичанин, for Galician;
Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ‏ضرب من الرقص, ‏جرماني, ‏المانية, ‏الماني, ‏اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German;
Grieks, Griek, ‏الإغريقي, ‏يوناني, ‏اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek;
guarani, for guarani;
Criollu haitianu, Chabacano, haitiskt, crioulo haitiano, for Haitian Creole;
Hawaïes, Hawaianu, Hawayano, 夏威夷, Hawaiaans, hawaiien, hawaiisch, hawaiinerin, hawaiiner, hawaiano, virar esquerda, hawaiisk, hawaiian, คนฮาวาย, าษาฮาวาย, hawaii'ye ait, hawaii'li, hawaii, гавайський, гава"ць, гавайська мова, for Hawaiian;
Jood, Hebreeus, Israeliet, hebraishte, ‏يهودي, ‏عبري, ‏اليهودية, ‏اللغة العبرية, ‏العبرية, Hebréu, иврит, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, староеврейски език, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejka, hebrejec, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, hebraiskt, juutalainen, hébreu, Hebrieusk, hebräisch, hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברית, עברי, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebraico, ebreo, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ew, Ewnish, hudiu, hebraico, hebreu, ebrèu, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврейский, еврей, древнееврейский, древнееврейский язык, Eperu, hibru, hebreo, dyu, Myahudi, Yahudi, hebreiska, hebreisk, jude, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, іврит, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ, Hebraeg, Hebreaidd, for Hebrew;
Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, ‏الهنغاري, ‏مجري, ‏هنغاري, ‏المجري, ‏اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian;
Yslands, islandez, ‏إيسلندي, исландски, 冰岛, islandský, islandsk, Ýslands, islandais, isländisch, ισλανδικόσ, izlandi nyelv, izlandi, íslensku, íslenskar, íslenskur, íslenskan, islandese, Eeslynnish, Eeslynnagh, islandês, islândes, исландский, islandski, islandés, isländsk, izlanda'ya ait, izlandaca, izlanda, ісландська мова, ісландський, tiếng băng đảo, for Icelandic;
Indonesies, indonezian, ‏الماليزي أحد أبناء ماليزيا, ‏اللغة الأندونيسية, Indonesiu, индонезийски език, индонезийски, 印度尼西亚语, 印度尼西亞語 , indonéský, indonéština, indonésan, indoneser, Indonesisch, Indisch, Indonesiër, indonesiskt, indonesialainen, indonésien, Yndonesysk, Indonesier, Ινδονήσιος, indonéz, indonesiano, インドネシア語 , インドネシア", 인도네시아, Indoneesagh, indonésio, indonésia, индонезийский, индонезиец, Indtasisian, indonezijski, indonežanin, indonesio, indones, Indonesyo, endonezya'ya ait, endonezyalı, endonezya dili, endonezya, індонезі"ць, індонезійський, індонезійська мова, індонезійка, người In-ddô-nê-xi-a tiếng In-ddô-nê-xi-a, for Indonesian;
Iers, irlandez, ‏الأيرلنديون, ‏إيرلندي, ‏اللغة الأيرلندية, ирландска стока, сприхавост, келтски език, ирландски език, ирландски, ирландец, Irlandano, 爱"兰, irský, irština, írskt, irlantilainen, irlandais, Iersk, irisch, ιρλανδόσ, ιρλανδικόσ, אירי, אירל "י, ír, gaelach, irlandese, Yernagh, Erinagh, Airihi, irlandês, irisação, irlandezi, ирландский, irski jezik, irski, irci, irlandés, irländsk, ชาวไอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับชนชาติ าษาและวั'นธรรมไอร์แลน"์, าษาไอร์แลน"์, irlandalı, irlandaca, ірландський, ірландська мова, ірландський народ, Gwyddelig, for Irish;
Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, ‏شخص إيطالي, ‏اللغة الإيطالية, ‏الإيطالي, ‏إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian;
korean, ‏كوري شمالي, ‏اللغة الكورية, ‏كوري جنوبي, ‏كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Koryano, 韩国语, "國 , 朝鮮語 , korejský, korejec, korejština, Koreaans, koreanskt, coréen, Koreaansk, koreanisch, Koreaner, κορεάτησ, κορεάτικοσ, koreai, 한국, koreano, coréia, a língua coreana, coreean, limba coreeanã, кореец, корейский, Kolea, korejski jezik, korejski, koreanac, coreano, koreansk, ชาวเกาหลี, kore'li, кореянка, коре"ць, корейська мова, корейський, người Triều tiên tiếng Triều tiên, for korean;
lombard, банкер, ломбардец, лихвар, банкерски, italský teolog, lombardisch, lombarde, lombardin, lombardiai, lombardo, ростовщик, ломбардский, лангобард, банкир, lombardski, lombarđanin, langobardisk, langobard, for lombard;
oluganda, for Luganda;
lëtzebuergesch, for Luxembourgish;
Македонски, Македонец, 马其顿语, Makedonský, Macedonisch, macédonien, Mazedonisch, Mazedonier, όακεδόνασ, όακεδονικόσ, maqedon, Macedóniai, macedón, Macedone, 마케도니아, Masseydoanagh, macedónio, Macedonean, Македонский, makedonski, makedonski jezik, makedonac, Macedónico, Macedonisk, Macedonier, ชาวมาเซอะโ"เนีย, Makedonya, Makedonya'lı, Македонський, Македонець, for Macedonian;
madagaskar, малгашки език, мадагаскарец, мадагаскарски, patřící republice malagasy, madagasker, Malagassische, Malagassiër, madagaskarilainen, Madagassin, Madagasse, Μαλγάσιος, madagaszkári, malgascio, malagasy, malgaxe, málaga, малагасийский, малагасиец, malagasi, madagaskarski, madagaskarac, malgache, madagascarí, madagask, ชาว Madagascar, madagaskar'lı, madagaskar dili, малагасійський, мадагаскарський, мальгашка, мальгаш, малагасійська мова, for malagasy;
Slams, Maleis, malajas, малайски, малайски език, 馬來 , malais, malaiisch, malaie, Malaye, malaiin, maláj, malese, Yn Valay, malaio, malaxar, malaiez, малайский, малаец, malajski jezik, malajski, malajac, malayo, malajisk, malayalı, malaya, malaya dili, мала"ць, малайська мова, малайський, малайка, người Mã lai tiếng Mã lai, for Malay;
gjuha e popullsisë së ishullit men, manský, manština, manx, mann-szigeti nyelv, Gaelgagh, Yn Ghaelg, Manninish, Manninagh, язык жителей о-ва мэн, с о-ва мэн, s ostrva mana, los habitantes de la isla de man, lengua de la isla de man, de la isla de man, från ön man, man dili, man adası, менський діалект, менський, for manx;
Maori, 毛利人, Maori-taal, maori bennszülött, citrusfélék betegsége, új-zélandi bennszülött, マオリ族 , マオリぞく, Маори, язык Маори, maor, Maorí, ชาวเมารี เป็นชนพื้นเมืองของนิวซีแลน"์, Yeni Zelanda Yerlisi, Yeni Zelanda Yerli Dili, Мова Маорі, Маорі, for Maori;
маи, привидност, илюзия, mayasprache, マネーフロー分析 , マヤ , maia, เผ่าอินเ"ียนแ"ง, สิ่งลวงตา, maya, maya dili, мова майя, майя, for maya;
mohok, фигура при пързаляне с кънки, индианец мохаук, hasonélű táncfordulat, egy indián törzs neve, モノカルボン酸 , モホーク , maometano, индеец-могавк, mohikanac, ชนชาวเผ่าอินเ"ียนแ"งเผ่าหนึ่ง, าษาอินเ"ียนแ"ง, for mohawk;
Noorweegs, Noor, Noors, ‏نرويجى, ‏النرويجية, ‏النرويجى, ‏اللغة النروجية, Noruegu, норвежки, норвежка, норвежки език, Norwedyan, 挪威语, norský, nordmand, norskur, norskt, norjalainen, Norvégien, Noarsk, Noar, Noarweechsk, Norweger, Νορβηγός, νορβηγόσ, νορβηγικόσ, norvegjez, norvég, Norðmaður, norvegese, 노르웨이, Norlannish, Loghlynish, Loghlynagh, Norlannagh, norsk, noruechi, Norweg, norueguês, norvegian, norvegianã, норвежец, норвежский, norveški jezik, norvežanin, norveški, noruego, norrman, Norveçce, norveççe, norveç, norveçli, Norveçlí, норвезька мова, норвезький, норвежці, норвежець, người Na-uy tiếng Na-uy, Norwyeg, for Norwegian;
anglishtja e bastarduar, ‏إنجليزي مبسط, англо-китайски жаргон, sabir, σπασμένα αγγλικά, keleti kikötők tört angolsága, pidgin english, "サの斜" , "ジンイングリッシュ , trivial, пиджин-инглиш, kreolska verzija engleskog jezika, inglés macarrónico, pidginengelska, uzakdoğuda konuşulan ingilizce ile karışık dil, for pidgin english;
Pools, polonisht, polak, përmirësoj, ‏صقل, ‏هذب, ‏حك, ‏بولندي, ‏جلو, ‏جلا, ‏جود, ‏أنهاه بسرعة, ‏رقة, ‏حسن, ‏نظف بشدة, ‏لمع الجلد, ‏لمع, ‏ورنشة, ‏مادة ملمعة, ‏تهذيب, ‏مسح, ‏اللغة البولندية, ‏دهان الأحذية, Polacu, лъскавина, лъскам се, лъскам, лакирам, лак, изисканост, полиране, полирам, политура, подобрявам, изтънченост, изглаждам, излъскване, полски, гланц, елегантност, лустро, шлифовам, полски език, шлифовка, поправям, излъскам, блясък, Polandino, 磨光 , 琢磨 , 波蘭語 , "亮剂, 劖 , polština, polský, pudsemiddel til fodtoej, polermiddel, politur, polere, schoensmeer, pussa, pólska, pólskur, kiillottaa, polir, Poalsk, polieren, στίλβωση, στιλβώνω, λουστράρω, פול י, פול ית, לצחצח, ל"בריק, לשפשף, לשוף, צחצוח, למרוק, לטוש, ל"ב"יק, לתמרט, ללטש, למרק, למרוט, lengyel, lucentezza, 光沢 , すい"う, ポーランド", とぎ, たくま, せ"れ", "うたく, みがき, 광택, cur sollyssid er, gloasey, Polynnish, scooirey, follid, gloas, gloasaghey, sollyssid, polako, pòlshi, pòlesh, polski, polonés, polonez, polon, полировать, полировка, польский, польский язык, лоск, обделать, глянец, отделка, вычистить, snasaich, lìomh, pasta za cipele, polirati, politirati, politura, poljski, poljski jezik, polaco, limpiar, polera, polsk, parlaklık, perdah, polonya dili, perdahlamak, parlatma, parlatmak, polonyalı, Polonyali, polonya, політура, поліровка, полірування, полірувати, польський, польська мова, обтісувати, робити вишуканим, лиск, шліфувати, тонкість, vẻ thanh nhã, nước láng nước đánh bóng, nước bóng, vẻ tao nhã, llathru, caboli, gloywi, for Polish;
Portugees, portugez, portugalisht, ‏اللغة البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالية, ‏البرتغالي, португалски език, португалски, португалец, Potuges, 葡萄牙语, 葡萄牙人 , 葡萄牙語 , portugalský, portugiser, portugisiskt, portugalilainen, portugais, Portugeesk, portugiesisch, πορτογάλοσ, ορτογάλος, portugál, Portaingéilis, portoghese, ポルトガル語 , ポルトガル", 포르투갈, Portiugish, Portiugagh, portugues, Portugalczyk, português, portughez, португальский, portugalski jezik, portugalski, portugalac, portugués, Mreno, si-Putúkezi, portugis, portekiz, Portekízlí, portekizli, portekizce, португальська мова, португальський, португалець, người B"-đ o-nha tiếng B"-đ o-nha, for Portuguese;
provansal, провансалски, провансалец, provence-i, provenzale, provençal, прованский, provansalski jezik, provansalski, provenzal, provensalsk, провансалець, прованський, провансальська мова, провансальський, for provencal;
qheshwata, qheshwallata, limba quechua, indian din tribul quechua incaş, quechua, for Quechua;
Roemeen, rumun, Rumanu, румънски език, румънски, румънец, Romanyan, 罗马尼亚语, rumunský, rumunština, rumæner, Roemeens, rumenskt, romanialainen, roumain, Roemeensk, rumäne, ρουμανόσ, Ρουμάνος, román, rumeno, 루마니아, Roomainagh, romeno, romanés, român, румын, румынский, rumunski, rumunski jezik, rumano, rumänsk, румунська мова, румун, румунський, румунка, for Romanian;
cigan, ‏الغجري, цигански език, цигански, циганин, romština, bohémien, γύφτοσ, αθίγγανοσ, τσιγγάνοσ, roma, zingaro, zingaresco, lingua degli zingari, Romanee, Romanish, rom, цыганский, цыган, romski, romano, romani, ชาวยิปซี, çingeneler, çingenece, çingene, циганська мова, циганка, циган, циганський, for romany;
Russies, Rus, ‏الروسية, ‏روسي, ‏اللغة الروسية, Rusu, руски, руски език, руснак, Rusyan, 俄語 , 俄语, 俄文 , ruština, ruský, russer, russur, russiskt, venäläinen, Russysk, Russe, russisch, Ρώσος, רוסי, orosz, rússneskur, Rússi, Rúisis, russo, ロシア語 , ロシア", 러시아, Rooshish, Rooshagh, russisk, Rosjanin, русский, Lusia, ruski jezik, ruski, ruso, sí-Rashîya, ryss, ชาวรัสเซีย, rusça, росіянка, росіянин, російська мова, російський, người Nga tiếng Nga, for Russian;
самоански, самоанец, самоански език, samoanisch, samoaner, người Xa-mô-a tiếng Xa-mô-a, for samoan;
Skots, skocez, шотландски, 苏 兰, skotský, Schots, skotskur, skotlantilainen, écossais, schottisch, σκωτσέζικο, σκωτικόσ, skót, skozur, scozzese, 스"틀랜", Albinagh, escocês, scoţian, шотландский, škotski jezik, škotski, škotlanđani, escocés, skotsk, iskoçyalı, шотланський, шотландці, шотландський діалект, for Scottish;
塞爾維亞克羅地亞語 , 塞"维亚-克罗地亚语, serbokroatisch, 세르보크로아티아, servo-croata, sârbo-croat, srpsko-hrvatski, srpsko-hrvatski jezik, serbokroatiska, serbokroatisk, เกี่ยวกับ าษาเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, าษาหลักของชาวเซอร์เบียและโครเอเชีย, for Serbo-Croatian;
сицилиански, сицилианец, 西西里人, sicilský, Siciliaans, sicilien, Sizilianer, σικελόσ, σικελικόσ, szicíliai, 시 리아, Shisslagh, siciliano, sicilian, сицилийский, житель сицилии, sicilijski, sicilijanski, sicilijanac, siciliansk, sicilianare, sicilyalı, sicilya, сицилійський діалект, сицилійський, сицилі"ць, for sicilian;
Sloween, Slloven, Словенец, 斯洛文尼亚语, Slovinský, Slovinec, Slovinština, slovener, Sloveen, slovenialainen, Slovène, Slowenin, Slowene, Σλοβένος, Szlovén, Sloveno, 슬로 니아 사람, Sloveanagh, Esloveno, Slovenesc, Sloven, slovenački, slovenske, slovensko, Slovence, Словенець, Словенський, for Slovene;
сомалийски, сомалиец, езикът сомали, Somalisch, Somaliër, somalialainen, Somalien, Somalier, Σομαλός, somalo, 소말리, somaliano, somali, soomaali, somalí, сомалійський, мова сомалі, сомалі"ць, for somali;
Sotho-taal, Sotho, sutu, sí-Sûtfu, umSuthu, isiSuthu, for Sotho;
Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, ‏اللغة الأسبانية, ‏الأسبانية, ‏أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר"ית, ספר"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish;
斯"希裡語 , 斯"希裡 , Swahili-, Swahili, szuahéli nyelv, szuahéli, スワ'リ語 , スワ'リ", suaíli, soahili, Siuahili, suajili, kiswahili, ชาวแอฟริกาตะวันออก, суахілі, for Swahili;
swazilænder, swazimaalainen, Swasi, swazi, suazilandês, suazilandés, suazi, sí-Swati, swaziländare, isiSwati, for Swazi;
Sweeds, suedez, ‏اللغة السويدية, Suecu, шведски език, шведски, швед, Swedis, 瑞典語 , 瑞典语, švédský, švédština, Zweeds, svenskt, ruotsalainen, suédois, Sweedsk, schwedisch, σουηδικόσ, σουηδικά, svéd, sænskur, Sualainnis, svedese, スウェーデン語 , スウェーデン", 스웨덴, Soolynish, Soolynagh, suèc, шведский, švedski jezik, švedski, sueco, svensk, เกี่ยวกับคน าษาและวั'นธรรมของประเทศสวีเ"น, isveççe, isveç dili, isveç, Ísveçlí, шведська мова, шведський, người Thuỵ điển tiếng Thuỵ điển, for Swedish;
Tagalu, tagalòg, Filipaina, tagalog, สมาชิกของชาวมลายูในเกาะลูซอนของฟิลิปปินส์, าษาอินโ"นีเซียที่ใช้กันในฟิลิปปินส์, for Tagalog;
Tahitiaans, Tahitiaan, tahitisch, tahitianer, tahitiano, tahitili, tahiti dili, tahiti, for Tahitian;
Tailandes, 泰國 , 泰文 , 泰国, 泰 , thailænder, Thailander, Thai, Thais, thailendskt, thaimaalainen, Thaïlandais, thailändisch, Thailänder, Ταϊλανδός· Ταϊλανδέζος, tailandese, 泰語 , たい", 타이 말, tailandês, tailandés, thailändare, ที่เกี่ยวกับประเทศไทย, าษาไทย, เกี่ยวกับคนไทย, คนไทย, Taylandlı, Tayland Dili, Tayland, Tai Dili, Та"ць, Тайська Мова, Тайський, for Thai;
Tswana, Tswana-taal, sí-Tjwána, setswana, umTswana, for Tswana;
Turks, turk, ‏تركي أحد أبناء تركيا, ‏اللغة التركية, Turcu, турски, турски език, Turko, 土耳其, 土耳其語 , tureètina, turecký, turkist, turkkilainen, turque, turc, Turksk, türkisch, τούρκικοσ, טורקי, török, Yn Turkish, Turkagh, turcesc, турецкий, turski jezik, turski, turco, turkisk, türk, türkçe, турецька мова, турецький, tiếng Thổ nhĩ kỳ, for Turkish;
Тюркменски Език, turkmener, Turkmeen, Turkmeense, turkmenistanilainen, Turkmène, Turkmene, Turkmenin, Τουρκομάνος, turkmeno, turcomano, turquemeno, turquemene, turkmenistanier, for Turkmen;
乌克兰, for Ukranian;
Vietnamees, vietnamez, vietnamisht, виетнамски език, виетнамски, Vietnamis, 越南語 , 越南 , 越南语, vietnamský, vietnamka, vietnamec, vietnamština, vietnameser, vjetmanskt, vietnamilainen, vietnamien, Fjetnameesk, vietnamese, vietnamesisch, Vietnamesin, 'ιετναμέζος, vietnami, vietnámi, ベトナ 人 , ベトナ じ", 트남, vietnamita, вьетнамский, vijetnamski jezik, vijetnamski, vijetnamac, vietnames, vietnam, vietnamlı, vietnam dili, в'"тнамець, в'"тнамський, người Việt nam tiếng Việt, for Vietnamese;
Wallies, i uellsit, gjuha e uellsit, shkel premtimin, populli i uellsit, ik pa paguar, ‏ويلزي, ‏الولزية لغة إقليم ويلز, ‏تهرب من دفع الرهان, не си плащам дълга, измъквам се от задължение, уелски език, уелски, 威"士, 威爾士語 , waleština, waleský, Wels, valisiskt, gallois, walisisch, δεν πληρώνω τα οφειλόμενα, ουάλλοσ, ουαλλικόσ, walesi, Breatnais, gallese, Bretnagh, galês, gallés, limba velşã, din ţara galilor, velş, уэльский, velški jezik, podvaliti, velški, velšanin, galés, walesisk, galler ile ilgili, sözünü tutmamak, gal dili, bahisleri ödemeden kaçmak, şartları yerine getirmemek, ödemeden kaçmak, у"льський, валлійська мова, валлійці, валлійський, не віддати гроші, Cymreig, for Welsh;
jalofo, wolof, for wolof;
Xhosa, Xhosa-, sí-Choza, isiXhosa, umXhosa, for Xhosa;
Zoeloe, Zuluano, Zoeloetaal, sulumál, Zoulou, ζουλού, zulu, zulù, Soolooish, Sooloo, zulo, zolo, зулусский, Sulu, zulu jezik, zulú, sí-Zulu, zulu-, เผ่าซูลูในแอฟริกา, zulu dili, zulu kabilesinden kimse, zulu kabilesi, зулуський, зулус, зулуська мова, umZulu, isiZulu, for Zulu;