Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Instruct |
InstructVerb1. Impart skills or knowledge to; "I taught them French"; "He instructed me in building a boat". 2. Give instructions or directions for some task; "She instructed the students to work on their pronounciation". 3. Make aware of; "Have the students been apprised of the tuition hike?". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "instruct" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Computing | The data. . . which the computer will use in its calculations. . . are stored in the storage unit. . and. . the program that instructs the computer in its functions is. . also. . contained within storage. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: InstructSynonyms: apprise (v), apprize (v), learn (v), teach (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Advice | Enjoin, enforce, charge, instruct, call; call upon; (request); dictate. |
Command | Bid, enjoin, charge, call upon, instruct; require at the hands of; exact, impose, tax, task; demand; insist on; (compel). |
Information | Let one know, have one to know; give one to understand; give notice; set before, lay before, put before; point out, put into one's head; put one in possession of; instruct; (teach); direct the attention to. |
Teaching | Verb: teach, instruct, educate, edify, school, tutor; cram, prime, coach; enlighten; (inform). |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I thought that I could instruct him just as well as Yoda. (Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi; writing credit: George Lucas; Lawrence Kasdan) Instruct him in the matters of loss and pain. (Spider-Man; writing credit: Stan Lee; Steve Ditko) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit |  | Rio Grande, Gallia County, Ohio. Vinton Kerr (on the tractor), a local farmer hired to instruct farm labor trainees at Rio Grande College. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Benjamin Franklin | The things which hurt, instruct. |
Friedrich Nietzsche | The surest way to corrupt a youth is to instruct him to hold in higher esteem those who think alike than those who think differently. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | The freedom then of man, and liberty of acting according to his own will, is grounded on his having reason, which is able to instruct him in that law he is to govern himself by, and make him know how far he is left to the freedom of his own will. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | In particular they will be forbidden to instruct or exercise their members or to allow them to be instructed or exercised, in the profession or use of arms. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Gulliver's Travels | Swift, Jonathan | The curiosity and impatience of my master were so great, that he spent many hours of his leisure to instruct me. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Tumor suppressor genes are a family of normal genes that instruct cells to produce proteins that restrain cell growth and division. (references) | |
The function of most genes is to instruct the cells to make particular proteins, most of which have important life-sustaining roles. (references) | ||
They also may instruct a person to use a hair dryer, held at arm's length or directed across the face, to dry out the epithelial blisters. (references) | ||
Business | Based on this data, the MOE is able to issue warnings or instruct firms to curtail or stop operations, in turn helping to minimize air pollution in these vulnerable areas. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Tunisia | Reliable sources report that the authorities instruct imams to espouse government social and economic programs during prayer times in mosques. (references) |
Economic History | Denmark | From this date a directive will instruct various government institutions to use the portal and the plan is that one third of all government procurement should be done this way within a few years - worth more than US$ 4 billion a year. (references) |
Human Rights | Vietnam | Credible reports indicate that party and government officials, including top leaders, instruct courts how to rule on politically important cases. (references) |
Minorities | Greece | Officials of the Orthodox Church have acknowledged that they refuse to enter into dialog with religious groups considered harmful to Greek Orthodox worshipers; church leaders instruct Orthodox Greeks to shun members of these faiths. (references) |
Trade | Luxembourg | Importers will instruct their suppliers when certificates of origin need to be issued. (references) |
Worker Rights | Chad | The Government has sponsored educational campaigns through the media to advise parents to instruct children about the danger of trusting strangers. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | OPPOSITION, n. In politics the party that prevents the Government from running amuck by hamstringing it. The King of Ghargaroo, who had been abroad to study the science of government, appointed one hundred of his fattest subjects as members of a parliament to make laws for the collection of revenue. Forty of these he named the Party of Opposition and had his Prime Minister carefully instruct them in their duty of opposing every royal measure. Nevertheless, the first one that was submitted passed unanimously. Greatly displeased, the King vetoed it, informing the Opposition that if they did that again they would pay for their obstinacy with their heads. The entire forty promptly disemboweled themselves. "What shall we do now?" the King asked. "Liberal institutions cannot be maintained without a party of Opposition." "Splendor of the universe," replied the Prime Minister, "it is true these dogs of darkness have no longer their credentials, but all is not lost. Leave the matter to this worm of the dust." So the Minister had the bodies of his Majesty's Opposition embalmed and stuffed with straw, put back into the seats of power and nailed there. Forty votes were recorded against every bill and the nation prospered. But one day a bill imposing a tax on warts was defeated -- the members of the Government party had not been nailed to their seats! This so enraged the King that the Prime Minister was put to death, the parliament was dissolved with a battery of artillery, and government of the people, by the people, for the people perished from Ghargaroo. |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Instruct" is generally used as a lexical verb (infinitive) -- approximately 78.30% of the time. "Instruct" is used about 364 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 78.3% | 285 | 17,262 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 21.7% | 79 | 37,388 |
| Total | 100.00% | 364 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
Expression using "instruct": instruct to go. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "instruct": re-instruct, tore-instruct. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
instruct | 14 |
instruct scitraining.com | 3 |
instruct ndsu.nodak.edu | 2 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "instruct"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | instruktoj (coach, equip), informoj (advise, apprise, apprize, clue, inform, notify, post), i jap mësim, udhëzoj (edify, give instructions), njoftoj (advertise, advertize, advise, announce, break, communicate, convey, cry, give out, inform, message, nark, notify, page, placard, post, report, tell), mësoj (acquire, attune, be educated, coach, condition, digest, educate, enure, find, find out, get on to, get wind of, hear, illuminate, induct, inure, learn, school, study, teach, train). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | علم (adudicate, advertise, advertize, advise, apprise, apprize, banner, bar, bunting, coach, cognizance, cognize, drill, educate, flag, indoctrinate, inform, know, knowledge, learning, let know, locate, mark, mark out, notify, post, profess, read, scholarship, school, science, standard, teach, tell, tick), أمر (affair, behest, charge, command, decree, dictate, direct, direction, enjoin, fiat, give an order, instruction, intimation, matter, officer, ordain, order, ordinance, prescribe, prescript, prescription, sound, thing, warn, word), أعطى تعليمات (push around), أعطى أوامر, أرشد (brief, direct, guide, lead, lead about, marshal, officer, pilot, streamline, tutor), ثقف (be educated, civilize, edify, educate). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | уча (get up, learn, lesson, read, school, study, teach, tutor), обучавам (discipline, drill, form, ground, lesson, pace, school, take, teach, train, tutor, verse), заповядвам (appoint, bid, command, direct, enjoin, ordain, require, rule the roost, send an order, tell), поучавам (admonish, edify, lecture, moralize, preach, teach), инструктирам (brief, prime), информирам (inform), давам указания, давам материали, давам инструкции (direct). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 誨 (admonish), 指示 (instructed, Instructing, instruction, instructions, Tachograph), 教導 (teach), 吩' (command, tell), 分付 (to order). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | vyuèovat (teach), uèit (teach), pouèit (enlighten), školit (improve, school). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | instrueren (teach). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | instrukcii, ordoni skribe (notify, summon). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | یاددادن(به), اموزاندن , اموختن به , راهنماءی کردن (Conduce, Cue, Guide, Herald, Lead, Steer, Usher). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | opettaa (teach, train), opastaa (conduct, direct, guide, head, introduce into, lead, show in, show the way), evästää (brief, provide food), antaa ohjeita. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | intimer (intimate), instruire, ordonner (put in order), enseigner (din into), donner une consigne , donner des ordres, donner des instructions. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | anleiten (direct, guide, teach, to instruct), unterweisen (indoctrinate, teach, to instruct, train), unterrichten (educate, inform, notify, school, take, taught, teach, teaching, to instruct, train), einweisen (admit, assign, commit, guide in, indoctrinate, install, introduce, send, to instruct, to introduce), auftragen (apply, dab on, dish, dish up, lay on, make look fat, put on, serve, to spread (out), wear out), anweisen (allocate, assign, direct, give, indicate, order, point out, show, suggest, to direct (to, transfer). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | διδάσκω (educate, lecture, teach). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | ללמ" (indoctrinate, practise, teach, train), לת"רך (brief), ל"ו"יע (advise, announce, apprise, inform, make known, notice, notify, report, tell), ל"ורות (command, direct, show, teach, tell), ל"ש ות (repeat, teach), ל""ריך (conduct, direct, educate, guide, pilot, steer, tutor), ל" חות (guide, lead). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | utasít (direct, order, to condition, to direct, to instruct, to tell, told), tanít (lecture, profess, school, taught, teach, to edify, to educate, to instruct, to profess, to teach), oktat (edify, educate, teach, to coach, to edify, to educate, to instruct, to school, train, tutor). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | menyuluhi (light something with a torch), mengamanatkan (commit, dedicate, entrust), mengajar (coach, give, teach, train), beramanat (issue an order). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | istruire (direct, educate, give instructions to, schoolhouses, schools, teach, train), insegnare (acquaint, announce, inform, let know, profess, report, teach), informare (acquaint, apprise, apprize, be informed, be pervaded, characterize, inform, inquire, let know, notify, report, tell), incaricare (assign, charge, commission, entrust, intrust, take upon oneself), ordinare (appoint, arrange, arrange oneself, array, book, command, direct, dispose, draw oneself up, enjoin, file, indent, ordain, order, organize, pit in order, prescribe, put in order, require, reserve, sort, to order), dare ordini a, dare istruzioni, avvisare (advise, apprise, apprize, inform, to inform, warn). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | 教える (to inform, to instruct, to teach). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | おしえる (to inform, to instruct, to teach), ふくます (to include, to instruct, to make one hold something in the mouth, to make one understand, to saturate, to soak, to suckle), ふくませる (to include, to instruct, to make one hold something in the mouth, to make one understand, to saturate, to soak, to suckle), ふくめる (to include, to instruct, to make one understand, to put in one's mouth), いいきかす (to instruct, to persuade, to tell someone to do something, to warm), いいきかせる (to instruct, to persuade, to tell someone to do something, to warn), もうしつける (to instruct, to order). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 교시하십시". (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | ynsaghey (educate, learn, master; training, pedagogy, teach, train, tutor), sarey (command, commandment, decree, dictate, directive, enjoin, injunction, mandate, order, precept, prescribe). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | instruere, undervise. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | instructay instruir (acquaint, coach, educate, enlighten, post, prime, school, teach, train, tutor), informar (acquaint, advertise, advertize, advise, apprise, apprize, brief, delate, enlightened, forestall, guide, inform, inform against, let know, notify, post, poster, report, tell, warn), praxe (without formality), esclarecer (clarify, elucidation, enlighten, explain, illuminate, illustrate, instantiate, irradiate, justify, make do, post, resolve, solve, undeceive), ensinar (coach, discipline, drill, educate, indoctrination, initiation, lead off, manageable, school, tame, teach, train). (various references) instrui (coach, cultivate, drill, exercise, school, teach, train), iniţia (auspicate, begin, initiate, introduce, master mind, start, stir), informa (acquaint, apprise, apprize, coach, inform, notify, post up, report), furniza (afford, bring, deliver, expedite, find, give, provide, purvey, supply), da instrucţiuni (coach), anunţa (advertise, announce, annunciate, bid, bill, blow around, cry, forebode, foretell, give notice, give out, Herald, import, inform, notify, promise, publish, report, ring, usher in), învãţa (bone, drill, educate, ground, indoctrinate, inure, learn, master, read, school, study, teach, train), însãrcina (commission), înştiinţa (bill, threaten). (various references) обучать (discipline, educate, ground, profess, qualify, school, teach), инструктировать, давать наказ, давать материал. (various references) teagaisg (teach), seòl (a sail, a sail Irish seól, direct, manner, method, mode, navigate, opportunity, point out, sail, show; sail, way), muin (back part of the neck and region immediately, teach, the back). (various references) učiti (learn, lesson, study, teach, train), poučavati (lesson), narediti (command, ordain, order). (various references) instruir (apprise, apprize, clear up, disabuse, educate, guide, school, solve, teach, tutor), ilustrar (exemplify, explain, illustrate, improve), notificar (advise, declare, notify, proclaim, summon, taste, tip off), mandar (be in charge, bid, command, delegate, dictate, direct, draft, draught, enjoin, get off, guide, lead, manage, officer, ordain, order, post, prescribe, put, send, send along, send in, send off, send on, send out, send round, sending, steer, tell, tell off), enseñar (chasten, chastise, civilize, educate, hold up, indicate, learn, point out, profess, school, show, suggest, teach, train, tutor), dar instrucciones, dar órdenes, constituir (constitute, establish, make up). (various references) undervisa (educate, take, teach, train), instruera (prime, teach). (various references) talimat vermek, okutmak (educate, teach), görevlendirmek (commission, deploy, draft, draught, draw out, elect, employ, entrust, give work, place, post, set on, station), emir vermek (command, give directions, give order, order), bilgilendirmek (catch up), öğretmek (enlighten, indoctrinate, initiate, introduce, profess, school, show, teach). (various references) цwretmek (teach). (various references) учити (lesson, study, teach), інструктувати (prime). (various references) hyfforddi (direct, train), gwyddori (ground), egwyddori (ground, initiate), athrawiaethu (indoctrinate, teach), addysgu (educate, teach). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | erodii, erudi, erudiar, erudiebant, erudiendum, erudiens, erudieris, erudieritis, erudierunt, erudiet, erudietur, erudimini, erudio, erudire, erudirem, erudiret, erudiri, erudisti, erudit, eruditae, eruditam, eruditi, eruditique, eruditis, erudito, eruditor, eruditorem, eruditores, eruditos, eruditum, eruditus, erudiunt, erudivi, erudivit, informare, instruam, instruat, instructa, instructi, instructus, instrue, instruebat, instruere, instrueret, instruis, instruite, instruxerunt, instruxit, moneo, paecipio, praeceperam, praeceperas, praeceperat, praeceperis, praeceperit, praecepero, praeceperunt, praeceperuntque, praecepi, praecepimus, praecepique, praecepisse, praecepisset, praecepisti, praecepit, praecepitque, praecepta, praecepti, praeceptis, praecepto, praeceptorum, praeceptum, praecepturus, praecipe, praeciperent, praecipiam, praecipiat, praecipiebat, praecipiendo, praecipiendum, praecipiens, praecipiente, praecipientes, praecipientium, praecipies, praecipiet, praecipio, praecipis, praecipit, praedico, praedico, predico, precipio. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Isaiah Chapter 28, Verse 26 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Kai paideuqhsh krimati qeou sou kai eufranqhsh |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Et erudiet eum illud in iudicio Deus suus docebit eum illud |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And shal teche hym his God, in dom shal leren hym. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | For his God doth instruct him to discretion, and doth teach him. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | For his God doth instruct him to discretion, and doth teach him. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | For his God is his teacher, giving him the knowledge of these things. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Isaiah Chapter 28, Verse 26 |
| Cebuano | Kay ang iyang Dios nagatudlo kaniya sa matarung, ug nagtoon kaniya. |
| Croatian | Bog ga njegov upuæuje, on ga uèi djelu pravom. |
| Danish | Hans Gud vejleder ham, lærer ham det rette. |
| Dutch | En zijn God onderricht hem van de wijze, Hij leert hem. |
| Finnish | Hänen Jumalansa on neuvonut hänelle oikean tavan ja opettaa häntä. |
| French | Son Dieu lui a enseigné la marche suivre, Il lui a donné ses instructions. |
| German | Also unterwies ihn sein Gott zum Rechten und lehrte ihn. |
| Haitian Creole | Li konn sa pou l' fè, paske se Bondye menm ki moutre l' sa pou l' fè. |
| Hungarian | Így szoktatá õt rendre és tanítá Istene. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Ia tahu cara mengerjakannya, sebab sudah diajari Allahnya. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka oleh Allahnya diajar juga akan dia dari peri kelakuan yang patut kepada masing-masingnya. |
| Italian | E la sua perizia rispetto alla regola gliela insegna il suo Dio. |
| Maori | Ko tona Atua hoki hei whakaako i a ia ki te tikanga pai, hei tohutohu ano i a ia. |
| Norwegian | Hans Gud har vist ham den rette måte, han lærte ham det. |
| Portuguese | Pois o seu Deus o instrui devidamente e o ensina. |
| Rumanian | Dumnezeul lui l -a knvqyat sq facq awa, El i -a dat aceste knvqyqturi. |
| Spanish | Su Dios le enseña y le instruye en cuanto a lo que es correcto: |
| Swedish | Ty hans Gud har undervisat honom och lärt honom det rätta sättet. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "instruct": instructed, instructing, instruction, instructional, instructions, instructive, instructively, instructiveness, instructivenesses, instructor, instructors, instructorship, instructorships, instructress, instructresses, instructs. (additional references) | |
Words containing "instruct": macroinstruction, macroinstructions, microinstruction, microinstructions, noninstructional, uninstructed, uninstructive. (additional references) | |
| |
"Instruct" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Instr, instru, instructd, Istructe, unstruct. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "instruct" (pronounced i'nstru"kt) |
| 7 | -n s t r u" k t | construct, deconstruct, reconstruct. |
| 6 | -s t r u" k t | destruct, obstruct. |
| 5 | -t r u" k t | trucked. |
| 3 | -u" k t | abduct, bucked, chucked, conduct, deduct, ducked, duct, fucked, induct, plucked, shucked, sucked, tucked. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "c-i-n-r-s-t-t-u" | |
-1 letter: incrust, intrust. | |
-2 letters: citrus, cutins, incurs, rictus, rustic, rutins, strict, strunt, tincts, tunics. | |
-3 letters: crust, cunts, curns, curst, cutin, cutis, ictus, incur, incus, ruins, runic, runts, rutin, stint, strut, stunt, sturt, suint, tinct, tints, trust, tunic, turns, units. | |
-4 letters: cist, cris, crus, cunt, curn, curs, curt, cuts, nits, nuts, rins, ruin, runs, runt, rust. | |
| Words containing the letters "c-i-n-r-s-t-t-u" | |
+1 letter: instructs, intercuts, tinctures, urticants. | |
+2 letters: instructed, instructor, scuttering, unartistic. | |
+3 letters: astronautic, contributes, countersuit, destructing, destruction, eructations, instructing, instruction, instructive, instructors, obstructing, obstruction, rusticating, rustication, structuring, subtracting, subtraction, truncations, urtications. | |
+4 letters: astronautics, constructing, construction, constructive, continuators, contributors, counterfeits, counterstain, countersuits, crosscutting, curtailments, destructions, encrustation, haircuttings, incertitudes, incrustation, instructions, instructress, intercluster, matriculants, micturitions, natriuretics, naturalistic, neutralistic, obscurantist, obstructions, reconstitute, recruitments, reductionist, reluctations, rustications, shortcutting, subantarctic, subtractions, transduction, unconstraint, undistracted, uninstructed, unrestricted. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)49 6E 73 74 72 75 63 74 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).. -. ... - .-. ..- -.-. - |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001001 01101110 01110011 01110100 01110010 01110101 01100011 01110100 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)I n s t r u c t |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0049 006E 0073 0074 0072 0075 0063 0074 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
|
Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)4380858684876986 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Familiar | 9. Quotations: Historic 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Translations: Ancient | 17. Bible Trace 18. Derivations 19. Rhymes 20. Anagrams | 21. Orthography 22. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
| Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions: woordeboek, fjalor, معجم, قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 辭典 , 辞典 , 字引 , 辞林 , 字書 , ディーゼル電気車 , 言海 , 辞彙 , 辞書 , じい, じびき, じて", ディクショナリー , じり", じしょ, '"かい, ディクショナリ , 사 , dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary; definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, الوضوحية في الشيء, حد, تحديد, تعريف, التحديد, الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, "'"ר", "'בל", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, 의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition; vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ترجمة, إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור'מ ות, תר'ום, "עתק", "עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, "うどく, ほ"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation; vertaal, transmetoj, transferoj, نقل من لغة إلى أخرى, ترجم الأفكار الي أعمال, ترجم, بهج لأقصى حد, преправям от старо, премествам, обяснявам, изяснявам, тълкувам, прибирам в рая, превеждам, кърпя, traduir, 翻译, 翻譯 , 翻 , 繙 , přenést, přeložit, překládat, oversætte, vertalen, translateren, overzetten, týða, kääntää, traduire, übersetzen, μεταφράζω, לתר'ם, fordít, þýða, tradurre, トランスフォー 断層 , トランスレート , 번역하십시", chyndaa, oversette, tradusí, tłumaczyć, traduzir, traduce, переводить, prevoditi, prevesti, preneti, traducir, översätta, tercüme yapmak, tercüme etmek, переміщувати, пояснювати, перекладатися, перекладати, trosi, for translate; 翻译, siirros, translation, übersetzend, μετάφραση, תר'ום, traslazione, 번역, tãlmãcire, traductorio, traduciendo, översättandet, översätter, for Translating; transferues, المترجم, الترجمان, преводач, 译者, překladatel, kodeomsætter, omregner, isolertransformer, skilletransformer, omsætter, Oversætter, oversætterprogram, oversaetter, kääntäjä, Traducteur, Übersetzer, Mεταφραστής, μετασχηματιστής απομονώσεως, μεταβιβαστής, μεταφράστησ, μεταφραστής, αποκωδικοποιητής, מתר'ם, תור'מן, fordító, traduttore, 訳者 , 翻訳者 , 翻訳家 , トランスフォー 断層 , トランスレーター , トランスレータ , ほ"やくしゃ, ほ"やくか, やくしゃ, 통역, glareyder, chyndaader, tradutor, tãlmaci, translator, traducãtor, tãlmãcitor, переводчик, tumač, traductor, um-húmushi, översättare, tercüman, транслятор, гравірувальник, перекладач, cyfieithydd, for translator; Engels, anglezët, anglez, gjuhë zngleze, anglishte, anglisht, الإنجليزية, الأنكليزي, إنكليزي, ترجمة إنكليزية, اللغة الإنكليزية, английски език, английски, англичаните, anglès, Ingles, 英语, 英國 , 英文 , 英 , 英語 , anglicky, anglan, inglise, enskt, englantia, englantilainen, anglais, Ingelsk, englisch, εγγλέζοσ, αγγλικόσ, angle, angleze, א 'לית, angol, ensku, enskur, enska, Béarla, inglese, 영국, oluzungu, luzungu, englesch, anglisy, Inggris, Sostynagh, Sostnagh, Baarlagh, english, inglês, anglés, inglestataq, inglesta, englezesc, английский, Igilisi, beurla, engleski, englez, engleski jezik, angleško, ingiriisi, ingiriisiga, sekgowa, inglés, kiingereza, sí-Ngísi, engelsk, peret‘ne, เกี่ยวกับประเทศอังกฤษ, ชาวอังกฤษ, าษาอังกฤษ, sekgoa, ingiltere, ingiliz, Íngílízce, ingilizce, Íngílíz, ýngilizce, англійський, англійці, англійська мова, Saesneg, ngale, isilungu, isiNgisi, for English; Albaans, Albanies, Albaniese taal, shqip, الألبانية, الألباني, албанец, албански език, албански, Albanyano, 阿"巴尼亚语, 阿爾巴尼亞人 , albánský, Albanees, albanskt, albanialainen, Albanais, Albaneesk, albaner, αλβανικόσ, Αλβανός, αλβανόσ, arbnisht, arbërisht, albán, albanskur, albanska, AlbÚinis, albanese, 알"니아, Albaneagh, albanês, arnãut, albanez, arnãuţesc, албанский, Alapania, albanski, albanac, albanés, alban, Arnavut, албанський, албанка, албанець, for Albanian; Arabies, arabishte, العربية, عربي, اللغة العربية, арабски език, арабски, 阿拉伯 , arabský, arabština, arábiskt, arabialainen, arabe, Arabysk, arabisch, αραβικόσ, ערבית, ערבי, arab, arabo, 아라비아, Arabish, arabir, arabic, арабский, Arapi, arapski, árabe, arabisk, าษาหรืออักขระอาหรับ, เกี่ยวกับอาระเบีย, arapça, arap, araplara özgü, арабська мова, арабський, tiếng A-rập, thuộc A-rập, for Arabic; asturiano, for asturian; aimará, aimara, for aymara; Baskies, Bask, واحد من الباسكيين, الباسكي, Vascu, жакетче, баскски език, баскски, баска, Basko, 巴斯克 , 巴斯克語 , baskiskur, baskiskt, Basque, Baskysk, baskisch, baske, baszk, Bascais, basco, バスに乗る , バスク , Bascish, Bascagh, basc, баскский, баск, baskijski jezik, baskijski, baskijac, vascuence, vasco, bask'lar veya bask dili ile ilgili, bask kabilesinden kimse, футерування, баскський, облицювання, блузка у талію, for Basque; Beier, 巴法力亚, bavarois, bayer, βαυάροσ, bajorországi, bajor, bavarese, Baveyragh, bávaro, bavarski, bavarac, bajersk, bavyera, bavyeralı, баварський, баварець, for Bavarian; μαυροπόδαροσ, for blackfoot; breizhat, 不列"尼人, Breton, Bretone, 브리타니 사람, Britaanagh, Bretonagh, Britaanish, bretão, Llydaweg, for Breton; Bulgaars, Bulgaar, bulgr, البلغارية, بلغاري, Búlgaru, български, български език, българин, Bulgaryan, 保 利亚, bulharský, bulgarer, bulgarskt, bulgarialainen, Bulgaarsk, bulgare, 'ούλγαρος, bullgar, bolgár, bulgaro, 불가리아, Bulgeyragh, Bulgeyrish, Bułgar, болгарский, болгарин, bugarski jezik, bugarski, bugarka, bugarin, búlgaro, bulgar, bulgaristan ile ilgili, болгарський, người Bun-ga-ri tiếng Bun-ga-ri, for Bulgarian; каталонски, каталонец, catal , katalánský, Katalaansk, katalanisch, katalane, katalanin, katalán, catalano, catalão, catalan, каталонский, Katalana, katalonski, katalonac, catalán, katalansk, katalonyalı kimse, katalonyalı, katalonya veya dili ile ilgili, katalonya lehçesi, for catalan; Sjinees, Chinees, kinez, الصينية, لغة الصين, صيني, الصيني أحد أبناء الصين, Chinu, китайски, Ininsik, 汉语, 中 , 漢 , 中國 , èínský, èínština, èíòan, kineser, kinesiskt, kinverskur, kiinalainen, Chinois, Sineesk, Chinesisch, Κινέζος, κινέζικα, κινέζικοσ, κινέζοσ, σινικόσ, kínai, Kínverji, Sínis, cinese, チフス菌 , チャイニーズ , 중국, Cina, Sheenish, Sheenagh, Hainamana, chines, Chińczyk, chinês, chinés, chinezesc, chinezeşte, chinezã, chinez, китайский, китаец, Saina, kineski jezik, kineski, chino, snesi, sneysi, kinesisk, çinli, çince, çin ile ilgili, çin, китаянка, китайська мова, китайський, кита"ць, for Chinese; ضارب للإصفرار, корнуолски език, корнуолски, 康沃", cornwallština, cornwallský, cornique, kornisch, aus cornwall, carnwalli nyelvjárás, corwaldi kelta, della cornovaglia, Kernowish, Kernowagh, Cornish, Cornagh, relativo cornualha, dialeto da cornualha, limbã din cornwall, din cornwall, корнуоллский язык, корнуоллский, stanovnik kornvala, kornvalski, córnico, från cornwall, kornisk, cornwall ile ilgili, корнуольський, корнійська мова, Cernyweg, for cornish; Kroaties, хърватски, Croasyano, 克羅地亞語 , chorvatský, kroatiskt, croate, Kroätysk, kroatisch, horvát, croato, croácio, croata, croat, хорватский, hrvatski, hrvat, de croacia, kroatisk, hırvat, хорватська мова, хорватський, хорватка, хорват, for Croatian; Tsjeggies, Tsjeg, çek, تشيكي, اللغة التشيكوسلوفاكية, التشيكي أحد أبناء تشيكوسلوفاكيا, Checu, чешки, Sekoslovakyano, 捷克語 , 捷克语, 捷克 , èesky, èeské, èech, èeština, èeský, èeška, tjekker, tjekke, Tsjech, Tsjechisch, tjekkiskt, t?ekkiläinen, tchèque, Tsjechysk, Tscheche, tschechisch, Tschechin, Τσέχος, cseh, ceco, 체", Sheckagh, Sheckish, Czech, chèc, ceh, чешский, češki jezik, čeh, češki, checo, tjeck, Çek, çekoslovakyalı kimse, çekoslovakyalı, çek dili, чех, чеська мова, чеський, чешка, người Séc tiếng Séc, for Czech; Deens, danisht, danishte, لغة الدانمركية, نوع كعك, دانماركي, датски език, датски, Daniko, 丹麦语, dánský, dánština, danskur, danskt, tanskalainen, danois, Deensk, dänisch, δανικόσ, δανόσ, עו'ת שמרים, " י, dán, danska, Danmhairgis, danese, 덴마크, Danvargish, Danvargagh, danes, dinamarquês, danez, датский, danski, danski jezik, danés, dansk, danimarkalı, danimarka dili, датський, датська мова, tiếng Đan-mạch, for Danish; Nederlands, Hollands, holandez, هولندي, اللغة الهولندية, холандски, немски език, холандски език, холандците, немски, Olandes, 菏蘭語 , 荷兰语, holandský, nizozemský, hollandsk, hollendskt, hollantilainen, néerlandais, Nederlânsk, holländisch, ολλανδικόσ, ολλανδόσ, holandisht, "ול "י, holland, hollenskur, Ollainnis, olandese, 네덜란", Belanda, Ollanish, Germaanish, Tatimana, nederlandsk, ulandes, hulandes, holandês, neerlandés, olandez, nemţesc, limba olandezã, german, голландский, holanđanin, u škripcu, holandski, holandés, bakratongo, holländsk, ชาวเนเธอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับเนเธอร์แลน"์, รรยา, alman, eş, flemenkçe, holandaca, hollanda, karı, hollandalı, hollandalılara özgü olan, Hollandali, hollanda'ya ait, голландська мова, голландський, ngôn ngữ khó hiểu, "b xã", for Dutch; الاسبرانتو لغة دولية, Esperantu, есперанто, 世界语, esperanton, espéranto, εσπεράντο, אספר טו, eszperanto, eszperantó, エスキモー犬 , エスペラント , эсперанто, Eseperano, esperanto, Kiesperanto, าษาที่ประ"ิษฐ์ขึ้นเพื่อใช้เป็น าษากลางในการสื่อสารระหว่างประเทศ ซึ่งรากศัพท์ส่วนใหญ่, esperanto dili, tiếng etperantô, for esperanto; Ests, Est, estonez, من أبناء إستونيا, أستونيه, أستونى, Estoniu, естонски, естонец, естонски език, Estonyano, 爱沙尼亚, estonský, ester,estlænder, Estlander, Estlands, eesti, estonianskt, virolainen, estonien, Estysk, Este, Εσθονός, észt, estone, Estoinagh, estônio, estoniano, estónio, eston, эстонец, эстонский, Esotonia, estonski, estonac, estonski jezik, estonio, estländare, ชาวเอสโตเนีย, เกี่ยวกับประชาชน าษาหรือวั'นธรรมของเอสโตเนีย, าษาเอสโตเนีย, for Estonian; 费罗族, føroyskur, färöisk, färöbo, for Faeroese; Farsi, Parsi, persiskt, Fasi, for Farsi; Fins, finlandez, finlandishte, finlandisht, اللغة الفنلندية, فنلندية, فنلندي, фински език, фински, Pinlandino, 芬蘭語 , 芬兰语, finský, finskt, suomi, suomalainen, finnois, Finlandaise, finlandais, finnisch, φινλανδικόσ, פי י, finn, finnskur, finnska, finlandese, 핀란", Fynlannish, Fynlannagh, finlandês, finês, finlandezã, финский, Finisi, finski jezik, finski, finlandés, finés, finsk, fince, finlandiya'ya özgü, фінська мова, фінський, tiếng Phần-lan, for Finnish; فلمنكي, الفلمنكية لغة, الأرنب الفلمنكي, фламандски, фламандски език, 佛蘭'語 , 佛兰'语, vlámský, vlaams, Flaamsk, flandrisch, flämisch, פלמי, flamand, flamand nyelv, fiammingo, "랑"르, Flandrynish, Flandrynagh, flamengo, фламандский, flamanski jezik, flamanski, flamenco, flamländsk, flaman diline ait, flaman dili, flaman, фламандська мова, фламандський, Fflemeg, for flemish; Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, فرنسي, اللغة الفرنسية, الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, "랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French; Fries, фризийски, фризиец, Frison, Frysk, Friese, fríz, frisone, Freeshlannish, Freeshlannagh, frisão, frizian, фризский, фриз, frizijac, frizijski, frisio, fris, frizye'li kimse, frizye'li, frizye dili, frizye ile ilgili, фризький, фризька мова, for Frisian; Galicies, Gallegu, Galasyano, 利西亚人, Gallicisch, galisiskt, galicien, Galisysk, galego, galega, galicisch, galizisch, galizier, galicier, galiziano, galéc, Kalisia, gallego, galicia'ya ait, galicia'lı kimse, галісі"ць, галичанин, for Galician; Duits, Duitser, Duitse taal, Germaan, gjerman, ضرب من الرقص, جرماني, المانية, الماني, اللغة الألمانية, роден, германски, немски език, немски, немец, готически, германец, 德語 , 德语, 德文 , 德國 , nìmecký, nìmec, tysker, Duitse, týskur, týskt, týskari, saksalainen, Allemand, Dútsk, Deutsche, Deutsch, "ερμανός, gjermanisht, 'רמ י, 'רמ ית, német, þjóðverji, þýskur, GearmÚnach, GearmÚinis, tedesco, ジプシー音楽 , ジャーマン , 독일, todesch, Germaanagh, Garmane, Germaanish, Carmane, aleman, Niemiec, niemiecki, alemão, alemand, neamţ, немецкий, Siamani, germanski, alemán, Tudesku, Doysri, mjeremani, mdachi, sí-Jalimáne, tysk, เยอรมัน, าษาเยอรมัน, Alman, німкеня, німецький, німець, $sisters german$ chị em ruột, $cousin german$ anh chị em con chú bác ruột, sister, Almaenwr, isiJalimane, iliJalimane, iJalimane, for German; Grieks, Griek, الإغريقي, يوناني, اللغة اليونانية, Griegu, гръцки език, гръцки, грък, Griyego, 希臘語 , 希腊语, řecký, řeètina, řek, græker, grikst, kreikkalainen, grec, Gryk, Gryksk, Gryks, grieche, ελληνικόσ, 'Ελληνας, יו ית, יו י, görög, Grikki, greco, ギリシア語 , ギリシア", 그리스, Greagish, Greagagh, grego, grèc, greacã, греческий, Eleni, grk, grčki jezik, grčki, griego, grek, Yunanli, yunanlı, yunanca, yunan, Rumca, yunanistan'a ait, rum, грек, гречанка, грецька мова, грецький, kẻ cắp b gi gặp nhau, quân bạc bịp tôi không thể hiểu được điều đó thật l kỳ phùng địch thủ, người Hy-lạp tiếng Hy-lạp kẻ bịp bợm, kẻ lừa đảo, Groegwr, for Greek; guarani, for guarani; Criollu haitianu, Chabacano, haitiskt, crioulo haitiano, for Haitian Creole; Hawaïes, Hawaianu, Hawayano, 夏威夷, Hawaiaans, hawaiien, hawaiisch, hawaiinerin, hawaiiner, hawaiano, virar esquerda, hawaiisk, hawaiian, คนฮาวาย, าษาฮาวาย, hawaii'ye ait, hawaii'li, hawaii, гавайський, гава"ць, гавайська мова, for Hawaiian; Jood, Hebreeus, Israeliet, hebraishte, يهودي, عبري, اليهودية, اللغة العبرية, العبرية, Hebréu, иврит, древен жител на юдея, юдейски, израилтянин, евреин, староеврейски, староеврейски език, юдей, 西伯来, 希伯來語 , hebrejský, hebrejka, hebrejec, hebrejština, joods, Hebreeuws, hebraiskt, juutalainen, hébreu, Hebrieusk, hebräisch, hebräer, εβραϊκόσ, εβραϊκά, εβραίοσ, עברית, עברי, zsidó, héber, izraelita, Eabhrais, ebraico, ebreo, ヘブライ語 , ヘブライ", Ewagh, Ew, Ewnish, hudiu, hebraico, hebreu, ebrèu, limba ebraicã, izraelit, evreu, evreiesc, ebraic, еврейский, еврей, древнееврейский, древнееврейский язык, Eperu, hibru, hebreo, dyu, Myahudi, Yahudi, hebreiska, hebreisk, jude, ชาวฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), าษาฮิบรู (ปัจจุบันคือประเทศอิสราเอลและปาเลสไตน์), musevi, ibranice, ibrani, іудей, старо"врейська мова, старо"врейський, іврит, "врейський, "врей, người Hê-brơ, Hebraeg, Hebreaidd, for Hebrew; Hongaars, Hongaar, hungarez, الهنغاري, مجري, هنغاري, المجري, اللغة الهنغارية, Húngaru, унгарски език, унгарски, унгарец, Hungaryan, 匈牙利語 , 匈牙利语, maïarský, maïar, maïarština, ungarer, Hongaarse, ungarskt, unkarilainen, hongrois, Hongaarsk, ungar, Ούγγρος, "ו 'רי, magyar, ungherese, 헝가리, Ungaarish, Ungaaragh, Węgier, ongrés, ungureşte, ungur, limba maghiarã, unguresc, maghiar, limba ungarã, венгр, венгерский, mađarski, mađar, mađarski jezik, húngaro, ungrare, ชาวฮังการี, macarca, macar, угорська мова, угорка, угорський, угорець, người Hung-ga-ri tiếng Hung-ga-ri, for Hungarian; Yslands, islandez, إيسلندي, исландски, 冰岛, islandský, islandsk, Ýslands, islandais, isländisch, ισλανδικόσ, izlandi nyelv, izlandi, íslensku, íslenskar, íslenskur, íslenskan, islandese, Eeslynnish, Eeslynnagh, islandês, islândes, исландский, islandski, islandés, isländsk, izlanda'ya ait, izlandaca, izlanda, ісландська мова, ісландський, tiếng băng đảo, for Icelandic; Indonesies, indonezian, الماليزي أحد أبناء ماليزيا, اللغة الأندونيسية, Indonesiu, индонезийски език, индонезийски, 印度尼西亚语, 印度尼西亞語 , indonéský, indonéština, indonésan, indoneser, Indonesisch, Indisch, Indonesiër, indonesiskt, indonesialainen, indonésien, Yndonesysk, Indonesier, Ινδονήσιος, indonéz, indonesiano, インドネシア語 , インドネシア", 인도네시아, Indoneesagh, indonésio, indonésia, индонезийский, индонезиец, Indtasisian, indonezijski, indonežanin, indonesio, indones, Indonesyo, endonezya'ya ait, endonezyalı, endonezya dili, endonezya, індонезі"ць, індонезійський, індонезійська мова, індонезійка, người In-ddô-nê-xi-a tiếng In-ddô-nê-xi-a, for Indonesian; Iers, irlandez, الأيرلنديون, إيرلندي, اللغة الأيرلندية, ирландска стока, сприхавост, келтски език, ирландски език, ирландски, ирландец, Irlandano, 爱"兰, irský, irština, írskt, irlantilainen, irlandais, Iersk, irisch, ιρλανδόσ, ιρλανδικόσ, אירי, אירל "י, ír, gaelach, irlandese, Yernagh, Erinagh, Airihi, irlandês, irisação, irlandezi, ирландский, irski jezik, irski, irci, irlandés, irländsk, ชาวไอร์แลน"์, เกี่ยวกับชนชาติ าษาและวั'นธรรมไอร์แลน"์, าษาไอร์แลน"์, irlandalı, irlandaca, ірландський, ірландська мова, ірландський народ, Gwyddelig, for Irish; Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, شخص إيطالي, اللغة الإيطالية, الإيطالي, إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian; korean, كوري شمالي, اللغة الكورية, كوري جنوبي, كوري, Coreanu, корейски, корейски език, Kory |
