Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Inflation |
InflationNoun1. A general and progressive increase in prices; "in inflation everything gets more valuable except money". 2. (cosmology) a brief exponential expansion of the universe (faster than the speed of light) postulated to have occurred shortly after the big bang. 3. A act of filling something with air. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "inflation" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1550. (references) |
Etymology: Inflation \In*fla"tion\, noun. [Latin expression inflatio: compare to the French expression inflation.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Economics | Loss of purchasing power of money caused by growth of the amount of money in circulation and reflected in a rise in prices without a proportionate increase in value of the things purchased.. (references) |
| A consistent increase in the general level of prices. It does not mean that the price for a particular item is on the rise, but rather that all prices are generally rising. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Finance | An economic condition marked by a decrease in the purchasing power of the dollar and a general rise in prices. (references) |
Geography | Fast expansion of the Universe. Source: European Union. (references) |
Labor | Inflation has been defined as a process of continuously rising prices, or equivalently, of a continuously falling value of money. (references) |
Military & Defense | Expanding of the parachute canopy as it fills with air. Source: European Union. (references) |
Mining | See:tumescence. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Inflation is the idea—first proposed by Alan Guth (1981)—that the nascent universe passed through a phase of exponential expansion that was driven by a negative vacuum energy density (positive vacuum pressure). This expansion can be modelled by a non-zero cosmological constant. As a direct consequence of this expansion, all of the observable universe is posited to have originated in a small, initially causally-connected region. Quantum fluctuations in this microscopic region, magnified to cosmic size, then became the seeds for the growth of structure in the universe (See Galaxy Formation and Evolution).Inflation resolves several outstanding problems in standard Big Bang cosmology. Among these are the observed flatness of the universe (the flatness problem), its extraordinary homogeneity on large (non-causally-connected) scales (the horizon problem), and its lack of any observed topological defects, predicted by many Grand Unified Theories.
Predictions of the standard model of inflation include geometrical flatness of the universe to high precision and scale invariance of the fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background. There are also consequences for high-energy particle physics near or at the GUT scale. During the 1980s, there was many attempts to relate the field that generates the vacuum energy to specific fields that were predicted by Grand Unified Theories or to use observations of the universe to constrain those theories. These efforts proved fruitless and the exact nature of the particle or field that generates the vacuum energy density for inflation (the "inflaton") remains a mystery.
The name of the theory was a semi-humorous reference to the economic inflation in the United States in the late 1970s.
- See also : Cosmology
External references
- chaotic inflation—comparison of chaotic inflation and ekpyrotic scenarios by Andrei Linde
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Cosmic inflation."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This article is about the economic phenomenon inflation. For the article about the theoretical rapid expansion of the early Universe, see cosmic inflation
Inflation is the rise in the general level of prices. This is equivalent to a fall in the value or purchasing power of money. It is the opposite of deflation.
Measuring inflation
Inflation is measured by observing the changes in prices of goods in the economy using econometric techniques. The rises in prices of the various goods are combined to give a price index that reflects the change in prices of these many goods, where the inflation rate is the rate of increase in this index. There is no single true measure of inflation, because the value of inflation will depend on the weight given to each good in the index. Examples of common measures of inflation include:
- consumer price indexes which measure the price of a selection of goods purchased by a "typical consumer". In many industrial nations, annualised percentage changes in these indexes are the most commonly reported inflation figure.
- producer price indexes which measure the price of a selection of inputs purchased by a "typical firm".
- wholesale price indexes which measure the change in price of a selection of goods at wholesale (i.e., typically prior to sales taxes).
- commodity price indexes which measure the change in price of a selection of commodities. In the case of the gold standard the sole commodity used was gold. While under the USA bimetallic standard the index included both gold and silver.
- GDP deflator which is used to adjust measures of gross domestic product for inflation.
The role of inflation in the economy
A great deal of economic literature concerns the question of what causes inflation and what effects it has. A small amount of inflation is often viewed as having a positive effect on the economy. One reason for this is that it is difficult to renegotiate some prices, and particularly wages, downwards, so that with generally increasing prices it is easier for relative prices to adjust. Inflation may also have negative effects on the economy:
Some economists see moderate inflation as a benefit, and so there are a variety of fiscal policy arguments which favor moderate inflation. Central banks can affect inflation to a significant extent through setting the prime rate of lending and through other operations. This is due to the fact that most money in industrialised economies is based on debt (see money and credit money), and so controlling debt is thought to control the amount of money existing and so influence inflation. A government may find some level of inflation to be desirable, particularly in order to raise funds.
- Increasing uncertainty may discourage investment and saving.
- Redistribution
- It will redistribute income from those on fixed incomes, such as pensioners, and shifts it to those who draw a variable income, for example from wages and profits which may keep pace with inflation.
- Similarly it will redistribute wealth from those who lend a fixed amount of money to those who borrow. For example, where the government is a net debtor, as is usually the case, it will reduce this debt redistributing money towards the government. Thus inflation is sometimes viewed as similar to a hidden tax.
- International trade: If the rate of inflation is higher than that abroad, a fixed exchange rate will be undermined through a weakening balance of trade.
- Shoe leather costs: Because the value of cash is eroded by inflation, people will tend to hold less cash during times of inflation. This imposes real costs, for example in more frequent trips to the bank. (The term is a humorous reference to the cost of replacing shoe leather worn out when walking to the bank.)
- Menu costs: Firms must change their prices more frequently, which imposes costs, for example with restaurants having to reprint menus.
Causes of inflation
Inflation may be caused by an increase in the quantity of money in circulation. This has been seen most graphically when governments have financed spending in a crisis by printing money excessively, often leading to hyperinflation where prices rise at extremely high rates. Another cause can be a rapid decline in the demand for money as happened in Europe during the black plague.
The money supply is also thought to play a role in determining levels of more moderate levels of inflation, although there are differences of opinion on how important it is. For example, Monetarist economists believe that the link is very strong; Keynesian economics by contrast typically emphasise the role of aggregate demand in the economy rather than the money supply in determining inflation.
A fundamental concept in such Keynesian analysis is the relationship between inflation and unemployment, called the Phillips curve. This model suggested that price stability was a trade off against employment. Therefore some level of inflation could be considered desirable in order to minimize unemployment. The Philips curve model described the US experience well in the 1960s, but failed to describe the combination of rising inflation and economic stagnation (sometimes referred to as stagflation) experienced in the 1970s.
Another Keynesian concept is the natural gross domestic product, a level of GDP where the economy is at its optimal level of production. If GDP exceeds its natural level, inflation will accelerate as suppliers increase their prices. If GDP falls below its natural level, inflation will decelerate as suppliers attempt to fill excess capacity.
Stopping inflation
There are a number of methods which have been suggested to stop inflation. One method often attempted is simply instituting wage and price controls, which were tried in the United States in the early 1970s. However, most economists regard price controls as counterproductive in that they tend to distort the functioning of the economy. Monetarists emphasize increasing interest rates in the hope of reducing the money supply. Keynesians emphasize reducing demand, often through fiscal policy, using increased taxation or reduced government spending to reduce demand. Supply Siders advocate managing the pool of money in such a way as to fix the exchange rate between the currency and some reference currency such as gold.
Types of inflation:
Historically, inflation meant an increase in the money supply, which was the cause of price increases. Some economists still prefer this meaning of the term, rather than to mean the price increases themselves.
- Demand pull inflation
- Cost push inflation
- Inflation induced by adaptive expectations, often termed the "wage-price spiral"
See also:
- Hyperinflation
- Stagflation
- Central bank
- Macroeconomics
- Economics
- Price revolution
- Rule of 72- a rule of thumb for calculating the period for inflation to halve the purchasing value of a fixed amount
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Inflation."
Synonym: InflationSynonym: rising prices (n). (additional references) |
| Antonyms: deflation (n), disinflation (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Expansion | Noun: expansion; increase; of size; enlargement, extension, augmentation; amplification, ampliation; aggrandizement, spread, increment, growth, development, pullulation, swell, dilation, rarefaction; turgescence, turgidness, turgidity; dispansion; obesity; (size); hydrocephalus, hydrophthalmus; dropsy, tumefaction, intumescence, swelling, tumor, diastole, distension; puffing, puffiness; inflation; pandiculation. |
Money | Inflation, double-digit inflation, hyperinflation, erosion of the currency, debasement of the currency; deflation; stagflation. |
Ornament | Big-sounding words, high-sounding words; macrology, sesquipedalia verba, Alexandrine; inflation, pretension; rant, bombast, fustian, prose run mad; fine writing; sesquipedality; Minerva press. |
Rarity | Rarefaction, expansion, dilatation, inflation, subtilization. |
Wind | Sufflation, insufflation, perflation, inflation, afflation; blowing, fanning. Verb: ventilation. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I don't know what to do about the depression, the inflation, the Russians, or the crime in the streets (Network; writing credit: Paddy Chayefsky) William Clinton came to town, riding on inflation. Took a town named Whitewater, introduced it to our nation (NewsRadio; writing credit: Scott Bank; Jenny Banks) | |
Lyrics | Got a bum education, double-digit inflation ("The Message"; performing artist: Grandmaster Flash) Inflation no chance (Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler); performing artist: Marvin Gaye) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Joe Dope Helps Cause Inflation (1944) Inflation (1933) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Music |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | President Lyndon Johnson riding bucking inflation horse. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Inflation flooding Congress. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Assault boat Production. Building assault boats for U.S. Marine Corps. Closeup of woman worker applying rubberized fabric attachements to inflation valve equipment. Goodyear, Akron, Ohio. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Inflation. In Germany after the last war, it was possible to pay 50 million dollars for a nickel cup of coffee, and $35 million for a $35 suit of clothes. This Berlin woman, realizing that fuel costs money, is starting the morning fire with marks "not wor. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | One approach to combating inflation could be trust-busting, fragmenting giant unions and giant corporations alike. But that's politically implausible. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | The politicians that gave you seat-belt buzzers, inflation and Vietnam, now bring you gun control. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | From the people who brought you inflation! : humane nuclear war. Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
| Author | Quotation |
Milton Friedman | Inflation is one form of taxation that can be imposed without legislation. |
Ronald Reagan | Inflation is as violent as a mugger, as frightening as an armed robber and as deadly as a hit man. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | The inflation goal of the Central Bank for the year 2001 is 8 percent. (references) | |
In 1995, inflation reached 52 percent and Mexican GNP fell 6.9 percent. (references) | ||
These rates are applicable in spite of having almost zero percent inflation for the past eight years. (references) | ||
Children | Belarus | However, continued high inflation and the sharp decline in the value of the ruble greatly reduced the real worth of those limited subsidies. (references) |
Russia | Families with children with disabilities received extremely low state subsidies that have not changed to reflect inflation since the Soviet era. (references) | |
Zimbabwe | School fees have risen sharply due to high inflation, resulting in the inability of many families to afford to send all of their children to school. (references) | |
Economic History | Cambodia | Inflation (1995): 6%. (references) |
Poland | Rate of Inflation (2000): 10.1%. (references) | |
Latvia | Growth rate: 3%. Inflation rate: 13%. (references) | |
Human Rights | Turkey | Punishments, when handed down, generally were minimal; monetary fines have not kept pace with the high rate of inflation; and sentences were frequently suspended. (references) |
Political Economy | Argentina | By 1989 annual inflation soared to 4,923 percent. (references) |
CHILE | The Bank's target range for inflation is 2-4 percent. (references) | |
Political Rights | Tajikistan | There were reports of the inflation of voter turnout and proxy voting in all three districts. (references) |
Trade | Romania | The December 1999 to December 2000 inflation rate was 40.7 percent. (references) |
Burma | Due to high domestic inflation, interest rates are sharply negative in real terms. (references) | |
Women | Mongolia | The large economic and societal changes underway have created new stresses on families, including loss of jobs, inflation, and lowered spending on social and educational programs. (references) |
Kyrgyz Republic | Women make up the majority of pensioners who have felt the negative effects of the country's economic downturn, which has led to inflation and the erosion of pensions that often were paid late. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Mexico | The workers won a 10.2 percent raise, above the country's inflation rate. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
John Hartmann | William Clinton came to town riding on inflation. Took a town named Whitewater, introduced to our nation. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Therefore, our chief worry still is inflation. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Designed to check inflation in earlier years, it now checks growth instead. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | In any event, I think it is imperative that we do all that we responsibly can to resist inflation while maintaining our prosperity. |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | Recession and inflation are eroding the money of millions more. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Inflation and unemployment are unacceptably high. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Inflation, taxes and interest rates would all be higher. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | That's why I'm submitting a budget that holds the growth in spending to less than the rate of inflation. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Our economic program has helped to produce the lowest core inflation rate and the lowest interest rates in twenty years. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Inflation" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.81% of the time. "Inflation" is used about 4,205 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.81% | 4,197 | 2,343 |
| Noun (common) | 0.12% | 5 | 157,705 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.07% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 4,205 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "inflation". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| En-tappuah | N/A | Biblical | Of inflation |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "inflation": chronic inflation ♦ control of inflation ♦ core inflation rate ♦ demand pull inflation ♦ galloping inflation ♦ hold back inflation ♦ inflation beyond control ♦ inflation rate ♦ inflation risk ♦ inflation spiral ♦ inflation therapy ♦ price inflation ♦ profit arising from inflation ♦ rampant inflation ♦ rapid inflation ♦ rate of inflation ♦ recalcitrant inflation ♦ recancitrant inflation ♦ reduction of inflation ♦ repressed inflation ♦ risk of inflation ♦ runaway inflation ♦ wage cost inflation ♦ zero inflation. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "inflation": inflation-adjusted, inflation-adjustment, inflation-beating, inflation-breaking, inflation-busting, inflation-employment, inflation-fevered, inflation-fighter, inflation-fighting, inflation-free, inflation-linked, inflation-plus, inflation-prone, inflation-proof, inflation-proofed, inflation-proofing, inflation-protected, inflation-rate, inflation-related, inflation-restriction-re-cession, inflation-risking, inflation-sick, inflation-stoking, inflation-theory, inflation-unemployment, inflation-wage, inflation-wise. | |
Ending with "inflation": above-inflation, anti-inflation, counter-inflation, high-inflation, hyper-inflation, low-inflation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "inflation"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | inflacion, krekosje (display, prance, stalk, strut, swagger, swank), fryrje (blow, blowing, bounce, bulge, distention, flatulence, flatulency, hot air, injection, insufflation, puff, puffery, vainglory, wind). (various references) | |
Arabic | نفخ (balloon, be puffed up, belly out, bloat, blow up, distend, distension, fill out, inflate, insufflation, plump, pout, puff, pumping, sulk, swell out, windiness), تضخم مالي (distension), التضخم بشكل عام, إرتفاع (advance, altitude, augment, elevation, heaviness, heaving, height, high, highness, loftiness, raise, rise, rising, upheaval). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | надутост (airiness, bombast, flatulence, flatulency, fustian, grandiloquence, haughtiness, magniloquence, pomposity, self-importance, theatricality, uppishness), надуване (air blast, blowing, peacockery, swank), инфлация. (various references) | |
Chinese | 通貨膨脹 , 通货膨胀 (inflationary, reflate). (various references) | |
Czech | inflace, nafouknutí, nadutost (arrogance, haughtiness, pride). (various references) | |
Danish | inflation. (various references) | |
Dutch | inflatie (inflationary tendency). (various references) | |
Esperanto | inflacio. (various references) | |
Faeroese | virðisminkan. (various references) | |
Farsi | تورم (Protuberance, Swell). (various references) | |
Finnish | inflaatio, rahanarvon aleneminen (drop in the value of money). (various references) | |
French | inflation. (various references) | |
Frisian | ynflaasje. (various references) | |
German | Inflation, Geldentwertung. (various references) | |
Greek | εμφύσηση (blowing, insufflation, pitting, popping, puff, puffing). (various references) | |
Hebrew | אי פלצי", פוח (distending, exaggeration, inflated, puffing, puffy, swollen, tumid). (various references) | |
Hungarian | infláció, felfújás. (various references) | |
Indonesian | inflasi, pengelembungan, pemompaan (pumping up). (various references) | |
Italian | inflazione. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 膨満 , 水増し , インフラ開発 (influence, influenza, influenza virus, infrastructure development). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ぼうま" (ill-mannered, overbearing), インフレーション , インフレ , みずまし. (various references) | |
Korean | 충 . (various references) | |
Manx | bolgey (abdominal, balloon, dilate, dilation, enlarge, fill, inflate, swell), ardjaghey (change up, climb, increase, level up, lift, mount up, outbid, overbid, pitch, prefer, preferment, promote, promotion, put up, ramp, steepen, worsen, worsen as fever). (various references) | |
Norwegian | inflasjon. (various references) | |
Papiamen | inflashon. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | inflationay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | inflação. (various references) | |
Romanian | infatuare (perkiness, pomposity, presumption, vanity), umplere (filling, packing, repletion), umflare (distension, expansion, swell). (various references) | |
Russian | раздутость, раздувание, вздутие, надувание, инфляция. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | inflacija, naduvenost (flatulence, flatulency). (various references) | |
Spanish | inflación. (various references) | |
Swedish | inflation, uppumpning, uppblåsthet (flatulence, flatulency), uppblåsning (bursting), svulstighet (bombast, grandiloquence, turgidity), prisökning (increase in prices, rising prices, tendency to rise, upward trend in prices). (various references) | |
Turkish | kendini beğenmişlik (egoism, egotrip, hoity toity, megalomania, pomposity, pride, self-conceit, self-importance, smugness), enflasyon (inflationary), şişkinlik (bulge, intumescence, puffiness, surfeit, swell, swelling, tumescence, tumidity, turgidness), şişirme (fustian, overcharge, overstatement, puff, puffery, puffing, puffing up, swelling, tumefaction, turgescence, verbiage), abartı (embroidery, exaggeration, fustian, hyperbole, overstatement, trimmings). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | інфляція, спучування (flatulence, flatulency), роздутість (distension, distention), надування. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | tình trạng được bơm ph"ng, sự thổi ph"ng (exaggeration), sự bơm ph"ng. (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | inflatio, inflationes. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "inflation": inflationary, inflationism, inflationisms, inflationist, inflationists, inflations. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "inflation": counterinflation, disinflation, hyperinflation, overinflation, reinflation, underinflation. (additional references) | |
Words containing "inflation": counterinflationary, disinflationary, disinflations, hyperinflationary, hyperinflations, noninflationary, overinflations, reinflations, underinflations. (additional references) | |
| |
"Inflation" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: inflacion, inflait, inflction, inflextion, inhlation. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "inflation" (pronounced i'nflā"shun) |
| 8 | i' n f l ā" sh u n | hyperinflation. |
| 7 | -n f l ā" sh u n | disinflation. |
| 6 | -f l ā" sh u n | deflation, reflation, stagflation. |
| 5 | -l ā" sh u n | fibrillation, accumulation, adulation, annihilation, appellation, articulation, assimilation, calculation, cancellation, capitulation, coagulation, compilation, confabulation, congratulation, consolation, constellation, contemplation, correlation, demodulation, depopulation, deregulation, desolation, dilation, distillation, ejaculation, elation, emulation, escalation, exhalation, extrapolation, formulation, gastrulation, granulation, inhalation, inoculation, installation, insulation, isolation, jubilation, legislation, manipulation, miscalculation, modulation, mutilation, oscillation, overpopulation, overregulation, ovulation, population, recalculation, regulation, relation, reregulation, revelation, simulation, speculation, stimulation, stipulation, strangulation, tabulation, titillation, translation, triangulation, tribulation, vacillation, ventilation, violation. |
| 4 | -ā" sh u n | facilitation, falsification, fascination, federation, fermentation, fertilization, figuration, filtration, abrogation, acceleration, acclimation, accommodation, abbreviation, abdication, aberration, abomination, accreditation, accusation, acidification, activation, adaptation, adjudication, administration, admiration, adoration, advocation, affectation, affiliation, affirmation, agglomeration, aggravation, agitation, alienation, allegation, alleviation, allocation, alphabetization, alteration, altercation, amalgamation, amelioration, amortization, amplification, amputation, animation, annexation, annotation, anticipation, antidiscrimination, application, appreciation, approbation, appropriation, approximation, arbitration, argumentation, aspiration, assassination, association, augmentation, authentication, authorization, automation, aviation, avocation, balkanization, bifurcation, calibration, cannibalization, capitalization, carnation, castration, categorization, causation, celebration, centralization, certification, cessation, cetacean, characterization, citation, civilization, clarification, classification, codification, cogeneration, cogitation, cohabitation, collaboration, collectivization, colonization, coloration, colorization, combination, commemoration, commendation, commercialization, communication, communization, compensation, complication, computation, computerization, concatenation, concentration, conciliation, condemnation, condensation, confederation, configuration, confirmation, confiscation, conflagration, confrontation, conglomeration, congregation, conjugation, connotation, consecration, conservation, consideration, consolidation, consternation, constipation, consultation, consummation, contamination, continuation, conversation, convocation, cooperation, coordination, coronation, corporation, corroboration, creation, cremation, criminalization, crustacean, culmination, cultivation, dalmatian, damnation, decaffeination, decapitation, deceleration, decentralization, decertification, declaration, decontamination, decoration, decriminalization, dedication, defamation, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, dehumanization, dehydration, deification, deinstitutionalization, delegation, deliberation, delineation, demarcation, demilitarization, demobilization, democratization, demonization, demonstration, demoralization, denationalization, denomination, denuclearization, denunciation, deportation, depravation, depreciation, depredation, deprivation, derivation, desalination, desalinization, desecration, desegregation, desiccation, designation, desperation, destabilization, destination, determination, detonation, detoxication, detoxification, devaluation, devastation, deviation, dictation, differentiation, dilatation, discoloration, discontinuation, discrimination, disembarkation, disinclination, disinformation, disintegration, dislocation, disorganization, disorientation, dispensation, disputation, disqualification, dissemination, dissertation, dissipation, dissociation, diversification, divination, documentation, domestication, domination, donation, dramatization, duplication, duration, echolocation, edification, education, elaboration, electrification, elevation, elimination, elongation, emanation, emancipation, embarkation, emigration, enumeration, equalization, equitation, equivocation, eradication, estimation, evacuation, evaluation, evaporation, evocation, exacerbation, exaggeration, examination, exasperation, excavation, excitation, exclamation, excommunication, exfoliation, exhilaration, exhortation, exhumation, exoneration, expatriation, expectation, experimentation, expiration, explanation, explication, exploitation, exploration, expropriation, extermination, fabrication, fixation, flirtation, flotation, fluctuation, fluoridation, foliation, formation, fortification, foundation, fragmentation, frustration, fumigation, gasification, generalization, generation, gentrification, germination, gestation, glaciation, globalization, glorification, gradation, graduation, gratification, gravitation, gyration, habitation, hallucination, harmonization, hesitation, hibernation, hospitalization, humiliation, hybridization, hydration, hydrogenation, identification, illumination, illustration, imagination, imitation, immigration, immunization, impersonation, implantation, implementation, implication, importation, impregnation, improvisation, imputation, inactivation, inauguration, incantation, incapacitation, incarceration, incarnation, inclination, incoordination, incorporation, incrimination, incrustation, incubation, indemnification, indentation, indexation, indication, indignation, indoctrination, industrialization, infatuation, infestation, infiltration, inflammation, information, inhabitation, initiation, innovation, insemination, insinuation, inspiration, instigation, institutionalization, instrumentation, insubordination, integration, intensification, internationalization, interpretation, interrogation, intimation, intimidation, intonation, intoxication, inundation, invalidation, investigation, invitation, invocation, ionization, irradiation, irrigation, irritation, justification, laceration, lactation, legalization, levitation, liberalization, liberation, libration, ligation, limitation, liquidation, litigation, localization, location, lubrication, machination, magnetization, magnification, malformation, manifestation, marginalization, masturbation, maturation, maximization, mechanization, mediation, medication, meditation, menstruation, migration, mineralization, miniaturization, ministration, misallocation, misapplication, misappropriation, mischaracterization, miscommunication, miscreation, misidentification, misinformation, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, mitigation, mobilization, moderation, modernization, modification, molestation, monopolization, motivation, multiplication, mummification, mutation, narration, nation, nationalization, naturalization, navigation, negation, negotiation, neutralization, nitration, nomination, nondiscrimination, nonproliferation, normalization, notation, notification, nucleation, nullification, obfuscation, obligation, observation, occupation, operation, optimization, oration, orchestration, ordination, organisation, organization, orientation, origination, ornamentation, ossification, ostentation, ovation, overvaluation, oxidation, pacification, pagination, palpitation, participation, pasteurization, penetration, perforation, permutation, perpetuation, personalization, personification, perspiration, perturbation, pigmentation, plantation, polarization, politicization, pollination, pontification, popularization, precipitation, predestination, prefabrication, premeditation, preoccupation, preparation, presentation, preservation, pressurization, privation, privatization, probation, proclamation, procrastination, procreation, profanation, prognostication, proliferation, pronunciation, propagation, proration, prostration, protestation, provocation, publication, punctuation, purification, qualification, quantification, quotation, radiation, radicalization, ramification, ratification, rationalization, reaffirmation, realization, reallocation, reauthorization, recantation, recapitalization, recertification, recitation, reclamation, reclassification, recommendation, reconciliation, reconfiguration, reconfirmation, reconsideration, recreation, recrimination, rectification, recuperation, redecoration, rededication, reevaluation, reexamination, reforestation, reformation, refrigeration, refutation, regeneration, regimentation, registration, rehabilitation, rehydration, reincarnation, reincorporation, reinterpretation, reinvigoration, reiteration, rejuvenation, relaxation, relocation, remediation, remuneration, renationalization, renegotiation, renomination, renovation, renunciation, reorganization, reparation, repatriation, replication, representation, repudiation, reputation, reservation, resignation, respiration, restoration, resuscitation, retaliation, retardation, reunification, revaluation, reverberation, revitalization, revocation, rotation, rumination, salvation, sanctification, sanitation, saponification, saturation, securitization, sedation, sedimentation, segmentation, segregation, sensation, separation, sequestration, simplification, situation, socialization, solicitation, sophistication, specialization, specification, stabilization, stagnation, standardization, starvation, station, sterilization, subluxation, subordination, subsidization, substantiation, suburbanization, suffocation, summation, superstation, syndication, taxation, telecommunication, temptation, termination, toleration, transformation, transillumination, transplantation, transportation, trepidation, undervaluation, unification, unionization, urbanization, usurpation, utilization, vacation, vaccination, validation, valuation, vaporization, variation, vegetation, verification, vibration, victimization, vilification, vindication, visitation, visualization, vocation, vulgarization, westernization. |
| 3 | -sh u n | faction, fashion, fiction, fission, absolution, absorption, abstraction, academician, accession, abduction, abolition, abortion, accretion, acquisition, action, addiction, addition, admission, admonition, adoption, advection, affection, affliction, aggression, alliteration, alternation, ambition, ammunition, antiabortion, anticorruption, apparition, apportion, apprehension, ascension, ashen, assertion, assumption, attention, attraction, attribution, attrition, auction, audition, beautician, benediction, brutalization, caption, carburetion, caution, circulation, circumspection, clinician, coalition, coercion, cognition, collection, commission, commotion, compassion, competition, completion, complexion, composition, comprehension, compression, compulsion, compunction, conception, conceptualization, concession, concoction, concussion, condescension, condition, conduction, confection, confession, conjunction, connection, conniption, conscription, constitution, constriction, construction, consumption, contention, contortion, contraception, contraction, contradiction, contraption, contribution, contrition, convection, convention, conviction, convolution, convulsion, correction, corruption, counterrevolution, crucifixion, cushion, deception, decimation, decommission, decomposition, decompression, deconstruction, deduction, defection, definition, deletion, demolition, demotion, dentition, depiction, depletion, deposition, depression, dereliction, description, desertion, destitution, destruction, detection, detention, deterioration, devolution, devotion, diction, dietitian, diffraction, digression, dilution, dimension, diminution, direction, disaffection, disconnection, discretion, discussion, disinfection, disposition, disruption, dissatisfaction, dissection, dissension, dissolution, distinction, distortion, distraction, distribution, dysfunction, edition, egyptian, ejection, election, electrician, electrocution, elocution, emission, emotion, emulsion, encryption, erection, erudition, eruption, eviction, evolution, exaction, exception, excoriation, excretion, execution, exemption, exertion, exhibition, expansion, expedition, exposition, expression, expulsion, extension, extinction, extortion, extraction, extradition, flexion, formalization, fraction, freshen, friction, fruition, function, gentian, geriatrician, gumption, hessian, homogenization, hypertension, hypotension, ignition, impassion, imperfection, imposition, impression, inaction, inception, incineration, indiscretion, induction, infarction, infection, inflection, infliction, infraction, inhibition, injection, injunction, inquisition, inscription, insertion, inspection, institution, instruction, insurrection, interaction, interception, intercession, interconnection, interdiction, interjection, intermission, interruption, intersection, introduction, introspection, intuition, invention, junction, jurisdiction, juxtaposition, lilliputian, liposuction, liquefaction, locomotion, logician, lotion, magician, malfunction, malnutrition, mansion, martian, mathematician, mention, midsection, misapprehension, misconception, misimpression, misperception, mission, mortician, motion, munition, musician, nonaggression, nonfiction, nonprescription, notion, nutrition, objection, obsession, obstetrician, obstruction, ocean, omission, opposition, oppression, optician, option, overconsumption, overexpansion, overproduction, overprotection, overreaction, oversimplification, partition, passion, patrician, pediatrician, pension, perception, percussion, perfection, permission, persecution, petition, physician, politician, pollution, portion, position, possession, potion, precaution, precession, preconception, precondition, prediction, predilection, predisposition, preelection, preemption, preignition, premonition, prescription, presumption, presupposition, pretension, prevention, procession, production, profession, progression, prohibition, projection, promotion, proportion, proposition, propulsion, proscription, prosecution, prostitution, protection, ration, reaction, reassertion, reception, recession, recognition, recollection, recondition, reconstruction, redefinition, redemption, redirection, redistribution, reduction, reeducation, reelection, reflection, regression, reimposition, reinspection, reintegration, reintroduction, reinvention, rejection, remission, rendition, repercussion, repetition, reposition, repossession, repression, reproduction, requisition, resolution, restitution, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retention, retraction, retransmission, retribution, revolution, revulsion, rhetorician, sanction, satisfaction, secession, secretion, section, sedition, seduction, selection, session, solution, statistician, submission, subscription, subsection, substation, substitution, subtraction, succession, suction, superstition, supposition, suppression, suspension, suspicion, syncopation, tactician, technician, tension, theoretician, titian, traction, tradition, transaction, transcription, transection, transgression, transition, transmission, tuition, venetian, volition, workstation. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-f-i-i-l-n-n-o-t" | |
-2 letters: antlion, fontina, nitinol, tinfoil. | |
-3 letters: anilin, anoint, fanion, finial, fontal, infant, latino, nation, nonfat, talion. | |
-4 letters: aioli, aloft, aloin, anion, faint, fanon, final, flint, float, flota, folia, inion, linin, litai, niton, notal, talon, tolan, tonal. | |
-5 letters: alif, alit, alto, anil, anon, anti, fail, fain, fano, fiat, fila, filo, fino, flan, flat, flit, foal, foil. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-f-i-i-l-n-n-o-t" | |
+1 letter: inflations. | |
+2 letters: antifouling, fulmination, reinflation. | |
+3 letters: bifunctional, confidential, definitional, difunctional, disinflation, finalization, fluorinating, fluorination, fulminations, infibulation, infiltration, inflammation, inflationary, inflationism, inflationist, inflectional, insufflation, nonfictional, reinflations. | |
+4 letters: disfunctional, disinflations, finalizations, fluorinations, functionalism, functionalist, functionality, infibulations, infiltrations, inflammations, inflationisms, inflationists, informational, insufflations, lignification, nonaffiliated, nullification, overinflating, overinflation. | |
+5 letters: antireflection, confidentially, confirmational, fictionalising, fictionalizing, functionalisms, functionalists, hyperinflation, inflectionally, lignifications, malfunctioning, nullifications, overinflations, semifunctional, underinflation. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
