Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definition: Impact |
ImpactNoun1. The striking of one body against another. 2. A forceful consequence; "the book had an important impact on my thinking". 3. Influencing strongly: "they resented the impingement of American values on European culture". 4. The violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat. Verb1. Press or wedge together; pack together. 2. Have an effect upon; "Will the new rules affect me?". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "impact" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1790. (references) |
Note: Impact \Im*pact"\, transitive verb. [imperfect & past participle. Impacted; Impacting.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Aerospace | 1. A single collision of one mass in motion with a second mass which may be either in motion or at rest. 2. Specifically, the action or event of an object, such as a rocket, striking the surface of a planet or natural satellite, or striking another object; the time of this event, as in from launch to impact. 3. To strike a surface or an object.4. Of a rocket or fallaway section: To collide with a surface or object, as in the rocket impacted 10 minutes after launch. (references) |
Business | The degree to which a medium affects its audience. Source: European Union. (references) |
| The degree to which an advertisement, an advertising campaign, or a medium affects the audience receiving it. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| In this way, the researchers attempt to measure the lasting impression, or impact, of the advertising and its meaning to the reader. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Mining | Collision between bodies, the velocity of one or both being changed. In direct impact, the velocity of the moving bodies is perpendicular to the bodies at the point of contact. The impact coefficient, known as the coefficient of restriction, is the ratio of the differences of velocities of the two bodies after impact to the same differences before impact. (references) |
Space | In situ Measurements of Particles And CME Transients (instrument on STEREO from the University of California, Berkeley). (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Impact events are caused by the collision of large meteoroids, asteroids or comets with Earth and may sometimes be followed by mass extinctions of life. For discussion of impacts in general, not just on Earth, see crater.
The geology of Earth impacts
Centuries ago, the Western vision of the past saw an Earth that had been created a few thousand years ago, and had been shaped since that time by a number of global cataclysms (see catastrophism). This view gradually gave way to the consensus that the Earth was several billion years old, and that its features reflected the slow processes of gradual change.
Since 1970, this view has gradually expanded to accommodate the fact that the Earth has in fact gone through periods of abrupt and catastrophic change due to the impact of large asteroids and comets on the planet. A few of these impacts may have caused massive climate change and the extermination of large numbers of plants and animals.
The fact that this modified view of the Earth's history did not emerge until recently seems surprising. Based on crater formation rates determined from the Earth's closest celestial partner, Luna, astronomers have determined that during the last 600 million years the Earth has been struck by 60 objects larger than 5 kilometers or more across. The smallest size of these impactors would release the equivalent of 10 million megatons of TNT and leave a crater 95 kilometers across.
Mass extinctions and impacts
In the past 600 million years there have been 5 major mass extinctions that on average extinguished half of all species. The last such mass extinction led to the demise of the dinosaurs and has been found to have coincided with a large asteroid impact; this is the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event.
Evidence is also mounting that other mass extinctions may also have been caused or at least assisted by large impacts. The largest mass extinction to have affected life on Earth was the Permian-Triassic one that ended the Permian Period 250 million years ago and killed-off 90% of all species.
In 1980 Luis Alvarez and his son Walter led a team from the University of California, Berkeley that discovered unusually high concentrations of iridium, an element that is rare in the Earth's crust but relatively abundant in many meteorites From the amount and distribution of iridium present in the 65 million year old "iridium layer" , the Alvarez team later estimated that an asteroid of 10-14 kilometers must have collided with the earth. This iridium layer at the K-T boundary has been found worldwide at 100 different sites. Multidirectionaly shocked quartz, which is only known to form as the result of large impacts, has also been found in the same layer at more than 30 sites. Soot and ash at levels tens of thousands times normal levels were found with the above.
Anomalies in chromium isotopic ratios found within the K-T boundary layer strongly support the impact theory. Chromium isotopic ratios are homogeneous within the earth, therefore this isotopic anomalies exclude a volcanic origin which was also proposed as a cause for the iridium enrichment. Furthermore the chromium isotopic ratios determined in the K-T boundary are similar to the chromium isotopic ratios found in carbonaceus chondrites. Thus a probable candidate for the impactor is a carbonaceous asteroid but also a comet is possible because comets are assumed to consist of material similar to carbonaceous chondrites.
Probably the most convincing evidence for a worldwide catastrophe was the discovery of the crater which has since been named Chicxulub Crater. This so-called smoking gun is centered on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico and was discovered by Tony Camargo and Glen Pentfield while working as geophysicists for the Mexican oil company PEMEX. What they reported as a circular feature later turned out to be a crater estimated to be 180 kilometers in diameter. Other researchers would later find that the end-Cretaceous extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs had lasted for thousands of years instead of millions of years as had previously been thought. This would be the final piece of evidence that convinced the vast majority of scientists that this extinction resulted from a point event that is most probably an extra-terrestrial impact and not from increased volcanism and climate change (which would spread its main effect over a much longer time period).
It was the lack of high concentrations iridium and shocked quartz which has prevented the acceptance of the idea that the Permian extinction (so-called mother of mass extinctions) was also caused by an impact. However, during the late Permian all the continents were combined into one supercontinent named Pangaea and all the oceans formed one superocean, Panthalassa. If an impact occurred in the ocean and not on land at all, then there would be little shocked quartz released (since oceanic crust has relatively little silica) and much less material
Although there is now general agreement that there was a huge impact at the end of the Cretaceous that led to the iridium enrichment of the K-T boundary layer, remnants have been found of other impacts of the same order of magnitude that did not result in any mass extinctions, and in fact there is no clear linkage between an impact and any other incident of mass extinction.
Nonetheless it is now widely believed, if a little on faith, that mass extinctions due to impacts are an occasional event in the history of the Earth. Indeed, in the early history of the Earth, about four billion years ago, they were almost certainly common since the skies were far more full of "junk" than at present. Such impacts could have included strikes by asteroids hundreds of kilometers in diameter, with explosions so powerful that they vaporized all the Earth's oceans. It was not until this "hard rain" began to slacken, so it seems, that life could have begun to evolve on Earth.
Recent pre-historic impact events
In addition to the extremely large impacts that happen every few tens of millions of years, there are many smaller impacts that occur much more frequently but which leave correspondingly smaller traces behind. Due to the strong forces of erosion at work on Earth, only relatively recent examples of these smaller impacts are known. A few of the more famous or interesting examples are:
- Barringer Crater, the first crater to be proven the result of an impact
- the Rio Cuarto craters, produced by an asteroid striking Earth at a very low angle
- the Wabar craters, which apparently formed within the past few hundred years
- the Noerdlinger Ries, a 24-km crater in Central Europe, formed about 15 million years ago.
Modern impact events
The most significant recorded impact in recent times occurred at Tunguska in Russia, in 1908; see that article for more details. But although the Tunguska event was both spectacular and unparalleled in any historical record, it no longer seems as unique and unusual as it once did. We now know that Earth impacts, fairly big ones, are happening all the time.
The late Eugene Shoemaker of the US Geological Survey came up with an estimate of the rate of Earth impacts, and suggested that an event about the size of the nuclear weapon that destroyed Hiroshima occurs about once a year. Such events would seem to be spectacularly obvious, but they generally go unnoticed for a number of reasons: the majority of the Earth's surface is covered by water; a good portion of the land surface is uninhabited; and the explosions generally occur at relatively high altitude, resulting in a huge flash and thunderclap but no real damage.
Some of have been observed, such as the Revelstoke fireball of 1965, which occurred over the snows of northern Canada. Another fireball blew up over the Australian town of Dubbo in April 1993, shaking things up up a bit but causing no harm.
On the dark morning hours of January 18 2000, a fireball exploded over the town of White Horse in the Canadian Yukon at an altitude of about 26 kilometers, lighting up the night like day and bringing down a third of of the Yukon's electrical power grid, due to the "electromagnetic pulse" created by the blast. The meteor that produced the fireball was estimated to be about 4.6 meters in diameter and with a weight of 180 tonnes.
A particularly interesting fireball was observed moving north over the Rocky Mountains from the US Southwest to Canada on August 10 1972, and was filmed by a tourist at the Grand Teton National Park in Wyoming with an 8-millimeter color movie camera. The object was in the range of size from a car to a house and should have ended its life in a Hiroshima-sized blast, but there was never any explosion, much less a crater. Analysis of the trajectory indicated that it never came much lower than 58 kilometers of the ground, and the conclusion was that it had grazed Earth's atmosphere for about 100 seconds, then skipped back out of the atmosphere to return to its orbit around the Sun.
Many impact events occur without being observed by anyone on the ground. Between 1975 and 1992, American missile early warning satellites picked up 136 major explosions in the upper atmosphere.
The Tunguska event was about a thousand times more powerful than such events. Shoemaker estimated that one of such magnitude occurs about once every 300 years. This is not a long interval even by historical standards, and it is a somewhat nerve-wracking question to consider when the next "Big One" will be, and more to the point, where.
See also the giant impact theory of the formation of the Moon, possibly describing the largest impact Earth has ever suffered.
External links
Further Reading
- Smit J., Hertogen J. (1980) An extraterrestrial event at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, Nature 285, 198-200.
- Alvarez L.W, Alvarez W., Asaro F., Michel H.V. (1980) Extraterrestral Cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction, Science 208, 1095-1108.
- Shukolyukov A., Lugmair G.W. (1998) Isotopic Evidence for the Cretaceous-Tertiary Impactor and Its Type, Science 282, 927-929.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Impact event."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Impact is a town located in Taylor County, Texas. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 39.Geography
Impact is located at 32°30'2" North, 99°44'41" West (32.500573, -99.744790)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²). 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 39 people, 14 households, and 9 families residing in the town. The population density is 167.3/km² (450.2/mi²). There are 16 housing units at an average density of 68.6/km² (184.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 58.97% White, 7.69% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 30.77% from other races, and 2.56% from two or more races. 64.10% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 14 households out of which 35.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% are married couples living together, 21.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% are non-families. 28.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 21.4% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.79 and the average family size is 3.30. In the town the population is spread out with 35.9% under the age of 18, 15.4% from 18 to 24, 15.4% from 25 to 44, 15.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 25 years. For every 100 females there are 129.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 92.3 males. The median income for a household in the town is $23,750, and the median income for a family is $23,750. Males have a median income of $31,250 versus $18,125 for females. The per capita income for the town is $12,488. 36.4% of the population and 30.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 28.6% are under the age of 18 and 20.0% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Impact, Texas."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Nicolas Cugot built the first self-propelled vehicle in 1769. It was capable of speeds up to 6 km/h. He built a faster automobile two years later. That automobile went so fast that it crashed into a wall, and history’s first auto accident was recorded. (Birth, 1) From then on, the automobile has redefined the way the world works. The automobile gave whole new meanings to accessibility, time, and distance. Travel, once a luxury, became commonplace, and then a necessity to everyday life. Little of society was untouched by the automobile’s coming. Cities were transformed; railroads and horses were rendered obsolete for the purpose of casual travel. The steel, chemical, rubber, and petroleum industries were remade to suit the needs of the automobile. Industries sprang up that were completely reliant upon the automobile for their livelihood such as service stations and automobile insurance. (Daeges, 1) The advent of the automobile dramatically affected the economy of the United States, reinvented the way of life of its people, and directly led to the development of the assembly line and other methods of mass production.
Production
The U.S economy was revolutionized by the coming of the automobile. Huge industries devoted only to the automobile were created. Others were expanded from once trivial insignificance to imminent importance. Before the internal-combustion engine was implanted, gasoline was a useless waste, often thrown away. (Jewels, 2) Once the automobile became commonplace, the production of gasoline blossomed into a matter of such importance that the government took actions to secure a steady flow of oil into the United States. The steel industry was already established, but the coming of the automobile created huge amounts of business for it. The making and selling of automobiles became the most profitable industry in the U.S., an industry that took advantage of the huge demand created by automobiles.The assembly line and other methods of mass production were developed when American businessmen began seeking ways to build more automobiles at a lower price. The idea of using many small identical parts that could be exchanged for each other was engendered by the president of the Cadillac Automobile Company, Henry M. Leland. Once other automobile makers realized the value of small identical parts that were interchangeable, they hired many small machine shops to make identical parts that were then put together at assembly plants. Because of this, broken parts could easily be sent to car owners. This greatly prolonged the life of the automobile, making it even more attractive to consumers.
Ransom E. Olds took the first step towards assembly line production when had the framework of each automobile pushed on a wooden platform supported be rolling casters. Henry Ford built on this when he used conveyor belts to pull along the bare frame of a automobile while workmen added parts to it that were brought to them by other conveyor belts. Ford's utilization of the conveyor belt in the factory was inspired by the Chicago Packing Association's disassembly line, where workers dressed beef pulled along by an overhead trolley.
In 1901 the Olds Company built 425 automobiles. The next year, using mass-production methods, they built 2,500, more than five times as many.
Transportation Infrastructure
Aside from industries, one of the most visible effects the automobile had on the United States was the huge increase in the amount of roads the nation had. In 1921, the United States had only 387,000 miles of surfaced road throughout the country. Over the course of the next twenty years, the United States spent US$40 billion and over one million new miles of roads. (World, 926) As roads went to more and more places, and people had a means of transportation that wasn’t tied to a schedule. The meaning of distance changed. Fifty miles was no longer a daylong journey; with the automobile it would take only a few hours.The quality of roads was also improved. Roads were paved with asphalt, and roads with more than one lane one each side became commonplace.
Rural Society
During the 1920s and 1930s, farmers did not utilize the automobile for recreational means. They had to pay taxes to improve roads they did not use, and the noise of the engines scared the livestock. (World, 932)Farmers gradually developed an understanding that automobiles could be useful. Automobiles broke the isolation that until then usually accompanied farm life. Automobiles made it easier for rural farmers to get to town faster and more efficiently, to shop, to go to church, to reach doctors and to reach hospitals. Children were able go to attend better schools while still having enough time to work on the farm. The automobile also kept talented and ambitious youth from leaving the farm in search of a less demanding occupation because it lightened the workload and offered them more mobility. (Flink, 37) Farmers used automobiles for many activities, from carrying goods from the barn to town, to taking the family to see relatives. The automobile even improved the speed that they received their mail.
City Society
Because of the automobile, cities grew and suburbs appeared for the first time. Until the advent of the automobile, factory workers were forced to live close to the factory or a railroad junction that led to the factory. The automobile allowed them to live miles away from the stench and grime of the factories and the city, yet still work at a factory. The developing suburbs created few local jobs, forcing residence to commute elsewhere to their jobs. (Flink, 33)Shopping centers were then built in or near suburbs to save residents trips to the city. The shopping centers provided enough goods and services to reduce the need of suburban residents to visit the city.
But as the suburbs grew, so did the cities. In fact, the automobile provided the means for even higher population density because the automobile allowed farmers to transport their produce much more quickly and efficiently to the cities, making them able to feed more people. (World, 932) By 1940, nearly three quarters of all poultry and eggs and a quarter of all fruits and vegetable were brought to market by automobile.
The automobile completely replaced any other means of transportation in both efficiency and usefulness. Up until the automobile, horses were the major means of transportation within cities. Horses require a large amount of care, and were therefore kept in public facilities that were usually far from residences. They also created a sanitary problem with the manure they left on the ground. (Flink, 31) The automobile had none of those disadvantages (although it did pollute the air). It required little daily care, left no mess in the street, and could be kept at homes. The automobile quickly replaced the horse in urban environments as the preferred means of transportation.
Safer Communities
Fire trucks were made that could quickly respond to an emergency fire, saving many lives and preventing fires from spreading. The strength of the engines allowed the transport of more equipment (such as hosees) and better fire fighting technologies.Ambulances were another modification to the automobile that allowed victims of injuries to receive care on their way to the hospital.
The police were among the first to utilize the automobile. The new technology allowed them to get to crime scenes faster, preventing crimes from occurring or proceeding, and greatly reducing the ability of people to tamper with evidence. (Automobile, 727)
Recreation
The creation of good roads and dependable automobiles changed the ideas of U.S. citizens recreation and vacations. Before the automobile, resorts were predominantly found near the coast or a railroad. If people did not live near either one, then they were unlikely to be able to visit one. Once the automobile became abundant, resorts sprang up that were off the beaten path. (Automobile, 727) Resorts sprang up in scenic places, far away from the hectic life of the cities. National Parks became popular tourist attractions and developed designs with automobile travelers in mind. (Flink, 42)
Women
Until Charles F. Kettering's invention of the electric self-starter, women did not drive nearly as often as men. Until that point, in order to start the engine, the driver would have had to crank a shaft sticking out of the front of the automobile rapidly. This task was sometimes dangerous and was often very difficult for women. The self-starter ignited the engine with an electric spark, removing the necessary cranking. Women then drove more often, and as a result a heretofore-inaccessible market was opened to the automobile industry. (Automobile, 732) With the coming of the self-starting automobile, women were able to leave home. Instead of sewing their own clothes for their family, women were able to go to stores and buy them. (Jewels, 4)
Injury and loss of life
Automobile accidents caused many deaths before the United States Government passed automobile safetly laws.
Courtship
The automobile also affected courting and dating in the United States. The automobile became a sign of social status and standing among young people. The idea that men should pick up girls for a dance in an automobile was created because of the popularity of the automobile. The automobile also gave young people mobility and freedom. They no longer had to be under the eyes of their parents. (Jewels, 5)
Sources
- "Automobile." World Book Encyclopedia. Volume 1. New York: World Book Inc., 1969. 921.
- Flink, James J. The Car Culture. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1987. WWPHSS, 388.3, FLI.
- Norman, Bruce. The Inventing of America. New York: Toplinger Publishing Company, 1976. WWPHSS, 609.73, NOR.
- Perkins, Barbara, and Perkins, George. The American Tradition in Literature. New York: McGraw Hill, 1994.
- Stanley, Gregory. The Roarin’ Twenties- A Look Back. Chicago: Green Ridge, 1983.
- Wilkinson, Philip. Encyclopedia of Ideas that Changed the World. New York: Penguin Group, 1993. WWPHSS, 608, ENC.
- Winkler, Brian. The Turn of the Century. Boston: Grolge Press, 1996.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "The effect of the automobile on the United States."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
IMPACT | English | Integrated Modelling of Products and Processes using Advanced Computer Technologies | Computing |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: ImpactSynonyms: encroachment (n), impingement (n), shock (n), affect (v), bear on (v), bear upon (v), touch (v), touch on (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Impulse | Percussion, concussion, collision, occursion, clash, encounter, cannon, carambole, appulse, shock, crash, bump; impact; elan; charge; (attack); beating; (punishment). |
Insertion | Obtrude; thrust in, stick in, ram in, stuff in, tuck in, press, in, drive in, pop in, whip in, drop in, put in; impact; empierce; (make a hole). |
Junction | Braze; pin, nail, bolt, hasp, clasp, clamp, crimp, screw, rivet; impact, solder, set; weld together, fuse together; wedge, rabbet, mortise, miter, jam, dovetail, enchase; graft, ingraft, |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | I chose the Trib because that way, I felt the story would have the most impact. (Lou Grant; writing credit: Gary David Goldberg; Allan Burns) Torpedo impact (The Hunt for Red October; writing credit: Larry Ferguson) Because this is the first impact on my career (The Dark; writing credit: Stanford Whitmore) She fell off a cliff and died on impact. (Happy Gilmore; writing credit: Tim Herlihy; Adam Sandler) | |
Lyrics | You should feel the impact, shop on plastic (Ride Wit Me (Featuring City Spud); performing artist: Nelly) It's just like any fad it retracts before impact (WALKIN' ON THE SUN; performing artist: Smash Mouth) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Point of Impact (1993) Impact (1963) P.I.: Post Impact (2003) Deep Impact (1998) 3 Minutes to Impact (1996) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
References |
| ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals | |||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Impact Landing Dynamics Facility Crash Test. Credit: NASA. |  | Impact Studies. Credit: NASA. |
 | Astronomers have used the Hubble Space telescope to discover a giant impact crater on the ... Credit: NASA. |  | This is a NASA's Hubble Space Telescope image of the impact sites of fragments "D" and "G" ... Credit: NASA. |
 | Newly-discovered impact crater on Europa. Credit: NASA. |  | A chain of impact craters on Callisto. Credit: NASA. |
 | The so-called Richat Structure is a geological formation in the Maur Adrar Desert in the African country of Mauritania. Although it resembles an impact crater, the Richat Structure formed when a volcanic dome hardened and gradually eroded, exposing the onion-like layers of rock. Credit: NASA. |  | Current meter for deployment from deep-ocean moored buoy Deployed off of OCEANOGRAPHER on DOMES project DOMES was a study to determine the environmental impact of ocean mining. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | The MV Columbus Iselin grounded on Looe Key in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in August 1994. When the ship grounded it caused extensive damage to the reef. This image shows a huge swath of coral rubble at the impact site. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |  | This image shows the reef framework crushed at ground zero impact. Credit: NOAA Restoration Center. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |
| "Impact on Church" by Karoly Feher Commentary: "You can check out the angle of the impact (probably field cannon) on the tower very easily. It's in Croatia." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Play | Caption |
 | Sound of impact when a man punches a punching bag. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Walter Bagehot | Conquest is the missionary of valor, and the hard impact of military virtues beats meanness out of the world. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 | The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law; for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Grapes of Wrath | Steinbeck, John | Now that the sun was on the wane some of its impact was gone, and while the air was hot, the hammering rays were weaker |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | For many individuals, the impact of ADHD continues into adulthood. (references) | |
Doctors will try to minimize the impact of reduced kidney function. (references) | ||
Mental health can impact the daily life and the future of a young person. (references) | ||
Business | The IVA has a great impact on the entire economy. (references) | |
These factors have offset the impact of higher mortgage rates. (references) | ||
This trend has had a tremendous impact on n the construction sector. (references) | ||
Children | India | Moreover, the impact of government programs has been limited. (references) |
Ethiopia | The Tigray Women's Association also has had an impact in changing societal attitudes toward early marriage. (references) | |
Switzerland | Claiming that the financial consequences of the proposed change in law would have a negative impact on the economy, the Federal Council submitted an alternative draft law to Parliament in October. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Malaysia | At times the susceptibility of the press to government pressure has a direct and public impact on operations. (references) |
Kazakhstan | Human rights monitors were concerned with the impact of this agreement on Uighurs from China present in Kazakhstan. (references) | |
Macedonia | The outbreak of internal hostilities had a significant and negative impact on all media, particularly on media objectivity. (references) | |
Discrimination | India | Despite laws designed to prevent discrimination, other legislation as well as social and cultural practices have a profound discriminatory impact, and discrimination against women, persons with disabilities, indigenous people, and national, racial, and ethnic minorities is a problem. (references) |
Economic History | France | Its full economic impact remains uncertain. (references) |
Trinidad | Foreign investment is also screened for its environmental impact. (references) | |
Human Rights | China | Although many citizens remain unaware of this law, there is evidence that it is having a growing, if still limited, impact. (references) |
Israel and the occupied territories | Medical observers have noted that as the Intifada continued into a second year, the negative consequences will begin to have a significant impact on public health. (references) | |
Eritrea | The drafting of many civilians, including court administrators, defendants, judges, lawyers, and others involved in the legal system, into the national service due to the border conflict with Ethiopia had a significant negative impact on the judiciary. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Ecuador | Oil companies increased their efforts to minimize the environmental and social impact of their oil projects in the Amazon but continued to face criticism from indigenous groups that environmental damage continues. (references) |
Minorities | Czech Republic | NGO's and individuals in the health and education fields that aim to improve living conditions for the Roma have had only minimal impact, sometimes due to the attitudes or intransigence of local authorities. (references) |
Political Economy | REPUBLIC OF KOREA | These steps have yet to have a meaningful impact. (references) |
Political Rights | Mozambique | The elections were marred by allegations of vote-counting irregularities; however, international observers determined that this did not impact the results. (references) |
Trade | Brazil | For example, the selection of a port may have an impact on importing costs. (references) |
Mexico | It is expected to have a deep impact in the way that Mexican firms do business. (references) | |
Travel | Indonesia | The best time for an initial business trip is September through June, as school holidays and vacation time in the summer months can impact on the availability of many business people. (references) |
Italy | Officially, national banknotes and coins are scheduled to be withdrawn from use by February 28, 2002. More detailed information regarding the Euro -- including a conversion timetable -- can be found on the European Union's official website: http://europa.eu.int/. This website also carries articles concerning the impact that the Euro will have on non-EU countries and how businesses can prepare for this important change. (references) | |
Women | India | State governments have supported micro-credit programs for women that have begun to have an impact in many rural districts. (references) |
Worker Rights | Ukraine | These units became operational in 2000; however, they have had a limited impact. (references) |
Argentina | Given the lack of full implementation and the severe economic recession, it is difficult to judge the impact of the labor reform law. (references) | |
Brazil | Despite the efforts of the Mobile Unit, its overall impact on the incidence of forced labor has been limited by insufficient resources, the hidden nature of forced labor in remote areas, and the few prosecutions in the justice system. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Henry Hyde | Well, I think it's unfortunate because it does diminish the impact of the president's wishes over in that part of the world. |
Rush Limbaugh | My friends, you've heard my analogy about the sniper and the economic impact suffered during those three weeks and how, therefore, people's feelings of security in their neighborhoods and homes is linked to the economy. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 | Not only is it too high for this year but the decisions we make now will inevitably have a major and growing impact on expenditure levels in future years. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | Technical refinements in the basing design over the last year will result in operational benefits, lower costs, and reduced environmental impact. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | For the families of the seven, we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this tragedy. |
George Bush | 1989-1993 | I know their are differences among us about the impact and the effects of a capital gains incentive. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | Many Americans still haven't felt the impact of what we have done. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Impact" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 98.38% of the time. "Impact" is used about 7,357 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 98.38% | 7,238 | 1,339 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 1.29% | 95 | 33,629 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 0.33% | 24 | 71,196 |
| Total | 100.00% | 7,357 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Japan | IMPACT 21 CO., Ltd. | USA | Digital Impact Inc. |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Impact, TX (town, FIPS 35816) |
Expressions using "impact": activity having spatial impact ♦ environmental impact statement ♦ force of impact ♦ impact action fuze ♦ impact analysis ♦ impact area ♦ impact basin ♦ impact grinder ♦ impact ionisation ♦ impact ionization ♦ impact load ♦ impact noise ♦ impact on ♦ impact plough ♦ impact point ♦ impact pressure ♦ impact printer ♦ impact probability ♦ impact resistant ♦ impact speed ♦ impact stilling basin ♦ impact study ♦ impact tests ♦ line of impact ♦ make an impact on smb. ♦ mean point of impact ♦ Model for Energy Supply Systems and their General Environmental Impact ♦ normal impact effect ♦ on impact ♦ perforating impact ♦ point of impact ♦ quantitative impact study ♦ shaken impact syndrome ♦ Sickness Impact Profile ♦ side impact test ♦ social impact ♦ traffic impact standard. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "impact": impact-absorbing, impact-analysis, impact-deterioration, impact-disruption, impact-fragments, impact-resistant. | |
Ending with "impact": cross-impact, environmental-impact, high-impact, side-impact. | |
Containing "impact": non-impact printer. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
impact | 447 | ulead photo impact | 41 |
impact factor | 242 | impact nutrition | 36 |
photo impact | 192 | environmental impact statement | 35 |
journal impact factor | 142 | 8 impact photo | 34 |
impact wrench | 136 | impact statement victim | 31 |
deep impact | 128 | carbs impact | 31 |
impact printer | 106 | double impact | 31 |
impact wrestling | 103 | low impact exercise | 30 |
impact gun | 88 | high impact | 29 |
environmental impact assessment | 77 | impact image | 29 |
montreal impact | 67 | impact paper | 28 |
2002 factor impact | 61 | impact space | 28 |
burnout 2 point of impact | 55 | asteroid impact | 28 |
design impact internet | 52 | impact computer | 27 |
impact of technology | 46 | consumer impact marketing | 27 |
2 burnout cheat impact point | 46 | baseball impact | 27 |
impact rom | 46 | sonic impact | 25 |
adesa impact | 44 | disparate impact | 25 |
electric impact wrench | 43 | impact emulator | 25 |
impact socket | 43 | digital impact | 25 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "impact"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | përplasje (bang, bump, clap, clash, collision, crash, encounter, flap, fling, slam), ndikim (clout, drag, effect, hold, influence, interest, pull, reaction, stimulus, sway), efekt (effect, glamor, glamour, kick). (various references) | |
Arabic | فعم (dismay, heap up, overfill), قوة ساحقة, وقع تأثير (effect, impress, impression), غرز (batter, bog, drawing pin, implant, jam, lodge, pike, plant, plunge, poke, push, sink, stab, stick, stick in, thrust), تصادم (clash, collide, collision, interfere, jar, jostle, meet, shock), تأثير (action, affection, effect, effectiveness, hold, impress, leverage, lobbying, prestige, puissance, pull, tutelage, virtue), ترك أثرا (cut a dash), ضرب (batter, battery, beat, beat off, belabour, biff, buffet, chastise, connect, curry, description, drub, drubbing, fib, flap, flapping, form, galvanize, genre, go getter, grain, hit, hitting, jabbing, kidney, kind, lace, lace into smb., lam, larrup, let out, lock out, manner, multiplication, multiply, order, overtake, paddle, paste, pasting, patter, poke, pommel, pound, pummel, slash, slosh, sock, sort, stamp, strike, stripe, tan, tanning, thrash, thrashing, thresh, variety, wallop, whip), صدمة (concussion, hit, jar, jolt, shock, stun, trauma), إصطدم (barge into, bump up against, clash, crash, impinge, jostle, knock against smb., run down, run into), أثر في (affect, influence, inspire, involve, manipulate, overawe, prepossess, react, touch). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | стълкновение (collision, conflict, foul, turnup, tussle, war), стягам (accouter, accoutre, bind, brace, compact, constrain, constrict, do up, gripe, hold in, hoop, lace, lace up, lock, pack, pinch, preen, screw up, straiten, tense, tighten, trim, truss), удряне (bash, beating, knocking, stroke), удрям (bang against, bash, beat, biff, blast, bruise, bust, catch, douse, hammer, heel, hit, jam on, knap, knock, lash, lay, peg at, plump, poke, pole-ax, pound, ram, set, shoot, slam, slam on, smash, smite, strike, strike in, thunder, wallop, zap), удар (bang, bat, blow, buff, buffet, butt, chop, clash, clump, counter, cut, dint, go off, hit, impingement, jab, jar, keystroke, knock, pass, pelt, percussion, push, rap, shake, shock, shy, smack, smash, strike, stroke, thrust, touch, turn, whack, whiplash, wipe), сблъскване (conflict, crash, encounter, foul, jar, jostle, percussion, shock, smash), сблъсквам, тласкам (dash, drive, fillip, guide, hustle, impel, jerk, propel, push, thrust), въздействие (action, edge, effect, impingement, influence, leaven, reach, repercussions), влияние (action, coloring, colouring, credit, dominance, domination, drag, effect, empire, force, grip, gripe, hold, influence, interest, leaven, prestige, pull, punch, purchase, reach, stimulus, sway), натъпквам (bulge, bung, compress, cram, crush, fill in, imbed, jam, lumber, pack, pack in, pump in, ram, stuff, tamp), закрепям (fasten), динамично въздействие. (various references) | |
Chinese | 冲击 (Brunt, impacted, Impacting, impinge, Impinged, impinging, shocked, shocking). (various references) | |
Czech | srážka (clash, collision, crash, deduction, impingement, melee), náraz (blast, bump, hit, incidence, percussion, pull, rush, stroke), úèinek (effect, operation, specificity). (various references) | |
Danish | stoed (butt, joint, kicking, pushing off, rail joint, shock, stem, stock, stub, stump, throwing, trunk), stød (push), slag (action, battle, blow, fight, scuffle, struggle), Handlingsplan for etablering af et marked for informationstjenester (Plan of action for setting up an information services market). (various references) | |
Dutch | stoot (prick, push, spades, sting), slag (accomplishment, action, agony, battle, blow, expertness, fight, grasp, kind, knock, movement, scuffle, skilfulness, skill, skillfulness, snare, sort, struggle, trap, turn), schok (commotio, commotion, concussion, jerk, shake, shaking, shock), botsing (collision), Actieplan voor de oprichting van een markt voor informatiediensten (Plan of action for setting up an information services market). (various references) | |
Farsi | فشار (Brunt, Constraint, Hustle, Oppression, Press, Pressure, Squeeze, Strain, Stress, Tension, Thrust, Zip), پیچیدن (Complicate, Envelop, Enwrap, Fake, Lap, Nest, Reverberate, Roll, Screw, Swab, Swath, Swathe, Tweak, Twinge, Twist, Wattle, Wind, Wrap), تماس (Contact, Contiguity, Tangent), زیرفشارقراردادن , ضربه (Brunt, Hack, Hew, Hook, Lash, Pelt, Sock, Strike, Stroke, Thud, Whop), ضربت (Bat, Bob, Buff, Buffet, Bump, Contusion, Coup, Crack, Hack, Hew, Jar, Jolt, Jow, Knock, Percussion, Plunk, Pounce, Pound, Slap, Stroke, Swat, Thump, Thwack, Whack, Yerk), اصابت (Access, Onset, Strike), اثرشدید, بهم فشردن (Compress, Gnash, Scrunch), باشدت اصابت کردن , باشدت اداکردن . (various references) | |
Finnish | isku (blow, knock, stab, stroke). (various references) | |
French | impact (impaction), effet (impression), choc. (various references) | |
German | aufprall (bounce, brunt, imapct), einschlag (element, envelope, felling, hem, impaction, striking, weft, woof), auswirkung (consequence, effect, impingement, implication, repercussion), Beeinflussung, aufeinanderprallen (clash, collide, to collide), anschlag (aiming position, assassination, assault, attack, attempt on smb.'s life, bill, estimate, knock, machination, notice, placard, plot, poster, stop, strike, swing, touch). (various references) | |
Greek | κρούση (percussion, shock), σύγκρουση (buffer, clash, collision, conflict, crash, crush, percussion, pile-up). (various references) | |
Hebrew | פגיעה (blow, damage, detriment, harm, hit, hurt, incidence, injury, insult, offence, shot), כוח מחץ (spearhead, striking force), התנגשות גופים, השפעה חזקה. (various references) | |
Hungarian | kihatás (bearing, effect), hatás (action, affection, effect, impression, influence, leading), behatás (action), becsapódás (angle of incidence, hit, infall, slam), nekiütődés (dash), befolyás (ascendancy, drag, hank, hold, inflow, influence, leading, lever, leverage, potency, suck, sway), ütközés (collision, hurtling, impingement, shock). (various references) | |
Indonesian | tumbukan (subduction), tubrukan (collision, crash), dampak, benturan. (various references) | |
Italian | urto (bump, clash, collision, crash, dash, dig, hit, jar, knock, push, shake, shock, shove), collisione (bump, clash, collision, crash, interference, shock). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 震動 (shock, tremor), 衝撃 (ballistic, crash, shock). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | しょうげき (ballistic, crash, farce, shock), しんどう (new road, oscillation, prodigy, shock, tremor, vibration, wonder child), しんとう (concussion, degree of kinship, heart, mind, newly forged sword, newparty, osmosis, penetration, permeation, sacred light, Shinto, shock, sword made after the year 1615), インパクト , ちゃくだん, だんちゃく (a hit). (various references) | |
Korean | 충격 (shock). (various references) | |
Manx | builley (bash, beat, beat as pulse, bump, cadence, cadence of voice, cast, choosing, clap, fervour, fit, frenzy, hit, knock, madness, pulsate, pulsation, punch, slam, slap, strike, stroke, sweep, thump, toot, toot on horn, whack). (various references) | |
Norwegian | innvirkning, støt (jog, jolt). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | impactay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | choque (affection, bump, chunking, clash, concussion, conflict, crash, dash, foul, impingement, knock, shake, smash, smashup, strain). (various references) | |
Romanian | izbire (jar, shock), influenţã (action, ascendancy, authority, carry over, credit, effect, force, hold, influence, influenza, leaven, potency, push, reaction, weight), presa (calender, compress, crowd, dun, force, jam, journalism, nip, press, push, squeeze, stress, urge), lovire (bastinado, clash, jar, percussion, striking), lovi (assail, attack, batter, beat, befall, buffet, bump, catch, clap, crack, cuff, cut, dab, drive, drub, fib, flap, hammer, harm, hit, hurt, infect, injure, jar, knock, lash, lay hands on, lunge at, Pat, put, reach, seize, shock, slam, slap, smite, spank, strike, swat, swinge, switch, tap, thrust, thump, touch, whack, whip, wipe, wound, wrong), forţã de izbire, fixa (accommodate, adapt, adjust, affix, anchor, appoint, arrange, arrest, ascertain, assess, assign, attach, attune, bed, bind, bond, brace, clamp, clasp, define, determine, dog, establish, fasten, find, fit, fix, hitch, immobilize, imprint, indicate, ingrain, lay, make fast, mount, nail, nail down, name, nominate, pin, pin down, place, put on, recognize, regulate, schedule, secure, settle, stamp, state, stick, stiffen, stipulate, strengthen, tie, trace, tune), efect (act, action, consequence, deed, effect, outcome, purpose, result, tendency, working), ciocnire (affair, bump, clash, click, collision, concussion, conflict, contradiction, dash, encounter, foul, hit, jar, jostle, passage, shock). (various references) | |
Russian | столкновение (clash, collision, conflict, dash, encounter, jarring, jostle, passage at arms, passage of arms, percussion, smash, warfare), удар (a smack in the eye /in the face/, apoplexy, bash, blow, box, buffet, bump, cant, chop, clap, cob, cut, dash, fit of apoplexy, hit, impingement, jab, kick, knock, loft, lunge, percussion, pick, push, putt, shock, stabbings, stroke, swat, thrust, wallop, well-judged blow, welt), влияние;столкновение, влияние (affectedness, authority, carry weight, cinch, credit, dominance, hold, influence, interest, leaven, say, weight). (various references) | |
Scottish | drog (a sea-swell at its impact on a rock). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | udarac (beat, blow, bogey, bunt, dig, hit, jolt, lash, lick, puff, punch, stroke, thwack, wallop, whack), udar (blow, fire, jerk, knock, shock, smack, strike, stroke, thrust), sudar (brush, clash, collision, crash, shock, smash), sabiti (compress, condense, pack, press). (various references) | |
Spanish | impacto (hit, shock). (various references) | |
Swedish | inverkan (agency, influence, operation), stöt (blast, bump, concussion, dig, hit, impingement, impulse, jab, jar, jerk, job, jog, jolt, jostle, knock, pass, percussion, prod, push, shock, shove, thrust, thump). (various references) | |
Thai | ผลกระทบ (effect), ส่งผลกระทบ, การอัด. (various references) | |
Turkish | vuruş (bat, battery, batting, beat, beating, chop, crack, crusher, cut, hack, hit, knock, plug, pulse, scoop, shoot, shot, sock, strike, stroke, swat, thwack, whack, wipe), sıkıştırmak (astringe, be urgent with smb., bear against, besiege, bombard, bottle up, clamp, clamp down, clinch, come down on, compact, compress, constrict, crowd, crush, drive smb. to the wall, dun, force, grind, grip, heckle, hurry, hustle, impress, incarcerate, jam, jam in, lean on, lean upon, oppress, pin, pin down, pinch, ply, ply with, press, press for, press smb. close, push, push smb. to the wall, rush, shut in, slip into, squeeze, straiten, stress, tighten, tuck, wedge, weigh), pekiştirmek (cement, consolidate, establish, firm, harden, intensify, reinforce, solidify, stiffen), etki (action, bearing, clout, drag, drift, effect, effectiveness, efficacy, efficiency, force, forcefulness, hold, impress, impression, imprint, incidence, influence, interest, jolt, leaven, penetration, point, potency, pull, purchase, reflection, reflexion, ring, sound, stamp, sway, virtue, weight), darbe (bash, beat, biff, blow, brunt, bump, chop, clip, clout, concussion, coup, coup de main, coup d'etat, crusher, cut, dash, facer, finisher, hack, hit, ictus, jolt, kayo, knock, pound, putsch, shock, smasher, stroke, thwack, whack, whammy), şok (blow, concussion, jar, jolt, jounce, quick-freezing, shock, trauma), çarpma (beat, blip, brunt, bump, jolt, lash, multiplication, percussion, stroke), çarpışma (action, bump, clash, collision, combat, conflict, encounter, engagement, foul, rencontre, scrimmage, scrum, scrummage, set to, skirmish, smash, smash up). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | ущільнювати (compact, consolidate, firm, obturate, pack, thicken), удар (bat, beat, biff, bobbing, buffet, bunt, cant, chop, clap, cracker, hit, impingement, impulsion, jolt, kick, knock, onslaught, percussion, pick, push, put, shock, shot, smite, spat, stab, strike, stroke, tick, tilt, wap), імпульс (burst, impulse, momentum, oestrus, pulse), колізія (collision), вплив (action, ascendant, authority, effect, influence, interest, operation, pressure, reaction, weight), міцно закріпляти. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sức va chạm tác động, sự va chạm (clash, dash, hurtle), sự chạm mạnh, ảnh hưởng (effect, influence, leading, reign). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | adiectum, inpulsus. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "impact": impacted, impacter, impacters, impacting, impaction, impactions, impactive, impactor, impactors, impacts. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "impact": nonimpact, postimpact. (additional references) | |
| |
"Impact" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: cincpac, Empat, Icpc, imac, immpact, imnpact, impa, impac, impack, Impacto, impak, impas, impast, impat, impec, impet, impit, inact, inpact, Ippac, Limpac, Linpack, Pmspace, Timepac. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "impact" (pronounced i'mpa"kt or i"mpakt) |
| 4 | -p a" k t | packed, pact, repacked, unpacked. |
| 3 | -a" k t | abstract, act, attacked, attract, backed, blacked, counterattacked, cracked, detract, diffract, distract, enact, exact, extract, fact, hacked, inexact, intact, interact, jacked, lacked, overreact, protract, racked, react, redact, reenact, retract, sacked, slacked, smacked, stacked, subtract, tacked, tact, tracked, tract, transact, whacked, wracked. |
| 5 | -m p a k t | compact, subcompact. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-c-i-m-p-t" | |
-1 letter: campi. | |
-2 letters: camp, mica, pact, pica, pima, pita, tamp. | |
-3 letters: act, aim, ait, ami, amp, apt, cam, cap, cat, imp, mac, map, mat, pac, pam, pat, pia, pic, pit, tam, tap, tic, tip. | |
-4 letters: ai, am, at, it, ma, mi, pa, pi, ta, ti. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-c-i-m-p-t" | |
+1 letter: apomict, crampit, impacts, potamic. | |
+2 letters: apomicts, campiest, campsite, crampits, empathic, emphatic, impacted, impacter, impactor, mispatch, pitchman, tympanic. | |
+3 letters: ametropic, apomictic, campsites, capitulum, complaint, compliant, eclamptic, impacters, impacting, impaction, impactive, impactors, implicate, imprecate, lymphatic, metacarpi, myopathic, nonimpact, panmictic, peacetime, pictogram, plasmatic, pneumatic, practicum, pragmatic, preatomic, prismatic, simpatico, spermatic, sympatric. | |
+4 letters: amphoteric, aposematic, apothecium, asymptotic, callithump, capitalism, compacting, compaction, comparting, compatible, compatibly, compatriot, complaints, complicate, diplomatic, emancipate, empathetic, epitomical, hermatypic, impactions, impatience, implicated, implicates, importance, importancy, imprecated, imprecates, lymphatics, manuscript, metaphoric, metaphysic, miscaption, mispatched, mispatches, morphactin, ophthalmic, pancratium, pantomimic, parametric, patronymic, peacetimes, pegmatitic, phantasmic, pharmacist, phlegmatic, phonematic, pictograms, pitchwoman, polyatomic, polymathic, postatomic, postimpact, practicums, pragmatics, septicemia, spermaceti, taphonomic, tympanitic, unemphatic. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Company Usage 18. Cities 19. Expressions 20. Expressions: Internet | 21. Translations: Modern 22. Translations: Ancient 23. Abbreviations 24. Acronyms | 25. Derivations 26. Rhymes 27. Anagrams 28. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
