Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Ideology |
IdeologyNoun1. An orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation. 2. Imaginary or visionary theorization. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "ideology" was first used: 1796. (references) |
Synonyms: IdeologySynonyms: political orientation (n), political theory (n). (additional references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In social studies, an ideology is an idea that explains how the society should work and offers the basis for a certain group of people who pursue their interests. It can be a construct of political thought, often defining political parties and their policy. An ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. A certain ethic usually forms the basis of an ideology.
The word "ideology" was first used in the late 18th century to define a "science of ideas." Ideology can be thought of as a vision, as a way of looking at things (compare Weltanschauung). One of the most influential and well-defined ideologies during the 20th century was communism, based on the original formulations of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
Examples of ideologies include: neoliberalism, liberalism, Christian democracy, socialism, social-democracy, nationalism, communism, fascism, nazism, Neo-nazism or neofascism, anarchism. For "capitalism as an ideology" see the page on capitalism.
Organisations that strive for power influence the ideology of a society to become what they want it to be. Political organisations (governments included) and other groups (e.g. lobbyists) try to influence people by broadcasting their opinions, which is the reason why so often many people in a society seem to "think alike".
When most people in a society think alike about certain matters, or even forget that there are alternatives to the current state of affairs, we arrive at the concept of Hegemony, about which the philosopher Gramsci wrote. The much smaller-scale concept of groupthink also owes something to his work.
Modern linguists study the mechanism of conceptual metaphor, by which this 'thinking alike' is thought to be transmitted.
Even when there is a discipline of challenging beliefs, as in science, the dominant paradigm or mindset can prevent certain challenges, theories or experiments from being advanced. The philosophy of science mostly concerns itself with reducing the impact of these prior ideologies so that science can proceed with its primary task (according to science) of creating knowledge.
However, some view science as also an ideology in itself, called scientism.
A special and critical case of science adopted as ideology is that of ecology, which studies the relationships between living things on Earth. Perceptual psychologist J. J. Gibson believed that human perception of ecological relationships was the basis of self-awareness and cognition itself. Linguist George Lakoff has proposed a cognitive science of mathematics wherein even the most fundamental ideas of arithmetic would be seen as consequences or products of human perception - which is itself necessarily evolved within an ecology.
Deep ecology and the modern ecology movement (and, to a lesser degree, Green parties) appear to have adopted ecological sciences as a positive ideology.
Some accuse ecological economics of likewise turning scientific theory into political economy, although theses in that science can often be tested. The modern practice of green economics fuses both approaches and seems to be part science, part ideology.
It is far from the only theory of economics to be raised to ideology status - some notable economically-based ideologies include mercantilism, social darwinism, communism, laissez-faire economics, and "free trade". There are likewise current theories of safe trade and fair trade that are difficult to distinguish from ideological positions.
Ideology in everyday society
Every society has an ideology that forms the basis of the "public opinion" or common sense, a basis that usually remains invisible to most people within the society. This prevailing ideology appears as "neutral", all others differ from the norm and are often seen as radical, no matter what the actual vision may be. The philosopher Michel Foucault first wrote about this concept of apparent ideological neutrality.Science as ideology
Economics as ideology
See also
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Ideology."
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Government | Noun: politics; political science; candidacy, campaign, campaigning, electioneering; partisanship, ideology, factionalism. |
Intellect | Metaphysics; psychics, psychology; ideology; mental philosophy, moral philosophy; philosophy of the mind; pneumatology, phrenology; craniology, cranioscopy. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Ideology |
| English words defined with "ideology": adopt ♦ cleanse ♦ denazify ♦ embrace, espouse ♦ front ♦ hardheaded, hard-nosed ♦ Ideogenical, ideologically, ideologist, ideologue ♦ Jacobinism ♦ movement ♦ Nazi ♦ practical, pragmatic ♦ social movement, sterile, sweep up ♦ Truman doctrine ♦ unimaginative, uninspired, uninventive. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "ideology": Pan-Africanism. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "Ideology" is also a word in the following language with the English translation in parentheses. Frisian (ideology). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Survival is the ultimate ideology. (The X Files; writing credit: Chris Carter; Frank Spotnitz) I just don't see inserting a plug in your head being consistent with that ideology. (The Newsroom; writing credit: Ken Finkleman) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title |
Books | |
Music |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | The ideal, under this splendid material reign, had received the strange name of ideology. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Overcoming misconceptions and replacing ideology with scientific knowledge is the best hope for bridging the "great disconnect" - the gap between the public perception of drug abuse and addiction and the scientific facts. (references) | |
Business | The evolution of leasing in Pakistan particularly in the formal sector dates back to 1980 when according to a report of the Council of Islamic Ideology, the concept of leasing was recognized as one of the financial services under the Islamic Financial system, which was later introduced in the country in 1985. In June 1984, the Government directed the National Development Finance Corporation (NDFC), a leading financial institution in public sector to promote the first leasing company in Pakistan. (references) | |
Children | Cuba | Education is free, but it is grounded in Marxist ideology. (references) |
Civil Liberties | India | Many BJP leaders and party workers are members of the Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh (RSS) and share some of its ideology. (references) |
Brunei | The Ministry of Education requires courses on Islam or the national ideology, the Malay Muslim monarchy, in all schools. (references) | |
Discrimination | Nepal | Disability, Language, or Social Status The Constitution specifies that the Government shall not discriminate against citizens on grounds of religion, race, sex, caste, or ideology; however, there still is a de facto caste system. (references) |
Angola | Under the Constitution, all citizens are equal before the law and enjoy the same rights and responsibilities regardless of color, race, ethnicity, sex, place of birth, religion, ideology, degree of education, or economic or social condition. (references) | |
Argentina | The Constitution and law provide for equal treatment for all citizens, and the law provides for prison terms of up to 3 years for discrimination based on race, religion, nationality, ideology, political opinion, sex, economic position, social class, or physical characteristics. (references) | |
Economic History | Guyana | Over the years, he moderated his Marxist-Leninist ideology. (references) |
Guyana | Race and ideology have been the dominant political influences in Guyana. (references) | |
Ghana | Ghana maintains friendly relations with all states, regardless of ideology. (references) | |
Human Rights | Korea | The goal of indoctrination remains to ensure loyalty to the system and leadership, as well as conformity to the State's ideology and authority. (references) |
Korea | Even after Kim Il Sung's death, his cult of personality and the glorification of his family and the official juche ideology remained omnipresent. (references) | |
Korea | Beginning in the 1970's, the 10 Great Principles of Unique Ideology directed that anyone who tore or otherwise defaced a newspaper photo of either of the two Kims was a political criminal and punished as such. (references) | |
Minorities | Iran | The law stipulates penalties for government workers who do not observe "Islam's principles and rules." Article 144 of the Constitution states that "the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran must be an Islamic army," which is "committed to an Islamic ideology," and must "recruit into its service individuals who have faith in the objectives of the Islamic Revolution and are devoted to the cause of achieving its goals." Apostasy, or conversion from Islam to another religion, is punishable by death. (references) |
Political Economy | Korea | The regime emphasizes "juche," a national ideology of self-reliance. (references) |
Ukraine | Most are organized around an individual or the business interests of a small group rather than a common ideology. (references) | |
Political Rights | Taiwan | The newly established Taiwan Solidarity Union, inspired by the pro-Taiwanese ideology of former president Lee Teng-hui, won 13 seats. (references) |
Pakistan | The Prime Minister, federal ministers, and ministers of state, as well as elected members of the Senate and National Assembly (including non-Muslims) must take an oath to "strive to preserve the Islamic ideology, which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan." Under the electoral system, minorities vote for reserved at-large seats, not for nonminority candidates who represent actual constituencies. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Indonesia | Collective bargaining is provided for by law, and the Department of Manpower promotes it within the context of the national ideology, Pancasila. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Phil McGraw | Well, first off, you'd be amazed how much I agree with what they say sometimes, because sometimes there are problems that are terribly, terribly complex. So I would embrace their ideology in that regard many times. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 | We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose, and insidious in method. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | Nevertheless, while a strain is not a fracture, it is clear that the forces of diversity are at work inside the Communist camp, despite all the iron disciplines of regimentation and all the iron dogmatisms of ideology. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | Our differences with a system that openly proclaims and practices an alleged right to command people's lives and to export its ideology by force are deep and abiding. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Ideology" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 99.60% of the time. "Ideology" is used about 2,005 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 99.6% | 1,997 | 4,308 |
| Noun (common) | 0.3% | 6 | 143,867 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.1% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 2,005 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "ideology": ideology-free, ideology-fulfilment, ideology-setting. | |
Ending with "ideology": counter-ideology, culture-ideology. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
ideology | 83 |
political ideology | 22 |
clothing ideology | 12 |
ideology nazi | 10 |
ideology political test | 9 |
definition ideology | 8 |
conservative ideology | 6 |
ideology liberal | 5 |
ideology political quiz | 5 |
the american ideology | 4 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "ideology"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | ideologji. (various references) | |
Arabic | مذهب (belief, bossy, doctrine, faith, gilded, gilt, school, teaching), مجموعة نظامية من المفاهيم, وضع النظريات الموجهة, أيديولوجية. (various references) | |
Bulgarian | идеология (persuasion). (various references) | |
Chinese | 思想"系, 主義 (-ism). (various references) | |
Czech | ideologie. (various references) | |
Danish | ideologi. (various references) | |
Dutch | ideologie. (various references) | |
Esperanto | ideologio. (various references) | |
Farsi | مبحث افکاروارزوهای باطنی , طرزتفکر, خیال (Design, Dump, Fancy, Fiction, Ghost, Humor, Idea, Imaginary, Impression, Intention, Mind, Notion, Plan, Spectrum, Thought, Vision, Whim, Wraith), ایدءولوژی , انگارگان . (various references) | |
Finnish | ideologia, maailmankatsomus (attitude to life, outlook on life). (various references) | |
French | idéologie. (various references) | |
Frisian | ideology, ideeëlear. (various references) | |
German | Ideologie, weltanschauung (philosophy, philosophy (of life), philosophy of life, world outlook, world view). (various references) | |
Greek | ιδεολογία (ideaology). (various references) | |
Hebrew | קו מ ח" (guideline), אי"אולו'י". (various references) | |
Hungarian | világnézet, ideológia. (various references) | |
Indonesian | ideologi. (various references) | |
Italian | ideologia. (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | イディッシュ語 (catnip, id, ideologue, initial, initialize, initials, initiation, initiative, initiator, inning, Yiddish). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | イデオロギー . (various references) | |
Korean | 관념 . (various references) | |
Manx | eie-oaylleeaght. (various references) | |
Papiamen | ideologia. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ideologyay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | ideologia (idiocy). (various references) | |
Romanian | ideologie, teorie (abstraction, speculation, theory), concepţie (apprehension, conception, idea, image, imagination, mind, notion, outlook, principle, realization, school, thinking, view). (various references) | |
Russian | идеология. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | ideologija. (various references) | |
Spanish | ideología. (various references) | |
Swedish | ideologi. (various references) | |
Thai | แนวคิ"อันเป็นรากฐานของสังคม เศรษฐกิจและการเมือง. (various references) | |
Turkish | ideoloji, düşünce tarzı (attitude of mind, cast of mind, mentality, school of thought, turn, turn of mind, way of thinking), ídeolojí. (various references) | |
Turkmen | ideologiяa (r). (various references) | |
Ukranian | світогляд, ідеологія. (various references) | |
Vietnamese | sự nghiên cứu tư tưởng tư tưởng, sự mộng tưởng (star-gazing). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Misspellings | |
"Ideology" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: adiology, diology, edeology, ediology, idealogy, ideaology, idellogy, ideolgy, ideologic, ideologoy, ideorogy, idiology, idology, ileotomy, kidolgy, Pieology. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "ideology" (pronounced ī'dēÄ"lujē) |
| 7 | -d ē Ä" l u j ē | cardiology, radiology. |
| 6 | -ē Ä" l u j ē | anesthesiology, archaeology, archeology, embryology, epidemiology, etiology, genealogy, geology, physiology, sociology, theology. |
| 5 | -Ä" l u j ē | anthology, anthropology, apology, astrology, bacteriology, biology, biotechnology, chronology, cosmetology, criminology, cytology, dendrochronology, dermatology, doxology, ecology, endocrinology, entomology, epistemology, ethnology, ethology, etymology, geomorphology, gerontology, graphology, gynecology, histology, Hymnology, immunology, kinesiology, limnology, meteorology, methodology, microbiology, micropaleontology, mineralogy, morphology, mycology, mythology, neurology, numerology, oncology, ontology, ophthalmology, ornithology, otology, paleontology, pathology, penology, petrology, pharmacology, Pomology, psychology, rheumatology, seismology, serology, terminology, toxicology, urology, virology, zoology. |
| 4 | -l u j ē | analogy, cosmology, elegy, eulogy, trilogy. |
| 3 | -u j ē | prodigy, strategy. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-e-g-i-l-o-o-y" | |
-2 letters: doolie, edgily, goodie, goodly. | |
-3 letters: dogey, dogie, doily, dooly, gelid, geoid, glide, godly, goody, gooey, igloo, ledgy, lodge, logoi, looed, looey, looie, odyle, ogled, oiled, oldie, ology, yield, yodel, yodle. | |
-4 letters: deil, deli, diel, diol, doge, dogy, dole, edgy, geld, gied, gild, gled, gley, gold, good, idle, idly, idol, idyl, lido, lied, lode, loge, logo, logy, odyl, ogle, oily, oldy, oleo, olio, yeld, yogi. | |
-5 letters: del, dey, die, dig, doe, dog, dol, dye, ego, eld, ged, gel, gey, gid, gie, god, goo, goy, led, leg, lei, ley, lid, lie, log, loo, lye, ode, oil, old, ole, yid, yod. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-e-g-i-l-o-o-y" | |
+3 letters: hydrologies, pteridology. | |
+4 letters: derogatorily, dialectology, epidemiology, etymologised, etymologized, forebodingly, mythologized, radioecology. | |
+5 letters: dactylologies, demythologize, endocrinology, geohydrologic, ideologically, monoglyceride, psychologised, psychologized, sedimentology. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)49 64 65 6F 6C 6F 67 79 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).. -.. . --- .-.. --- --. -.--. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001001 01100100 01100101 01101111 01101100 01101111 01100111 01111001 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)I d e o l o g y |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0049 0064 0065 006F 006C 006F 0067 0079 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)4370718178817391 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Quotations: Fiction 7. Quotations: Non-fiction 8. Quotations: Spoken | 9. Quotations: Speeches 10. Usage Frequency 11. Expressions 12. Expressions: Internet | 13. Translations: Modern 14. Derivations 15. Rhymes 16. Anagrams | 17. Orthography 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
