Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Date "HYDRO" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1939. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Statistics | Shows the energy content of the electricity produced in hydro power plants. Hydro output excludes output from pumped storage plants. Source: European Union. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Hydro is a town located in Oklahoma. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 1,060.Geography
Hydro is located at 35°32'56" North, 98°34'40" West (35.548882, -98.577762)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.6 km² (0.6 mi²). None of the area is covered with water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 1,060 people, 413 households, and 280 families residing in the town. The population density is 682.1/km² (1,752.4/mi²). There are 466 housing units at an average density of 299.9/km² (770.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 91.32% White, 0.19% African American, 3.58% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 0.28% Pacific Islander, 1.89% from other races, and 2.55% from two or more races. 4.53% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 413 households out of which 31.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.8% are married couples living together, 10.7% have a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% are non-families. 29.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.42 and the average family size is 2.98. In the town the population is spread out with 24.1% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 23.9% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 84.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 83.4 males. The median income for a household in the town is $27,235, and the median income for a family is $31,071. Males have a median income of $26,645 versus $17,308 for females. The per capita income for the town is $13,256. 18.0% of the population and 14.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 23.6% are under the age of 18 and 10.1% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Hydro, Oklahoma."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is a form of hydropower that use the energy released as a result of water falling, or flowing downhill, under the influence of gravity. The mechanical energy contained in the flowing water is used to the produce electricity by operating some form of generator. Hydroelectric power is usually generated at dams or other placed where water descends from a height. As the Water that flows in rivers has come from precipitation such as rain or snow, energy from the sun is harnessed as a renewable energy source by this process.
The water of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. The lower power station has four water turbines which can generate 360 MW of electricity within 60 seconds of the need arising. The size of the dam can be judged from the car parked below.
Larger version
The energy that may be extracted from water is not primarily dependent on the volume of water, although the volume is critical for continuing production. It primarily depends on the difference in height between the water impoundment (or source) and the water outflow. This height difference is called the head. The amount of potential energy in water is directly proportional to the head.
Some early hydroelectric systems use the natural flow of water over an existing waterfall, with no dam needed; for example, a large amount of electricity is generated by diverting part of the water that flows over Niagara Falls. The power station constructed at Niagara Falls was one of the first examples of alternating-current electric power generation for commercial supply. The type of system used commercially throughout the world today
A typical hydro-electric scheme consists of a dam (see picture) behind which a reservoir of water is held. When electricity is in demand, valves will be released, allowing the water to flow downhill to a power station where turbines will be made to turn by the force of the water flow. Connected to generators, electricity can be produced. The water is then allowed to return to the original riverbed or a nearby river.
Currently the largest hydro electric project in the world is the Itaipu Dam with total capacity of 12,600 megawatts on the border of Brazil and Paraguay. However, on completion, China's massive "Three Gorges Dam" will be the largest. Most American engineers have refused to sanction this project, indicating that it is not structurally viable.
Perhaps the most famous hydroelectric schemes are the W. A. C. Bennett Dam in British Columbia, the Snowy Mountains Scheme in Australia, the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River in the USA, and the Kariba and Cahora Bassa dams on the Zambesi river in Zimbabwe and Mocambique although the concept is highly scalable to very small and very large projects. Low-head hydro may be installed on relatively small streams and lakes.
A variation on this idea is the pumped-storage system, where a lower reservoir also exists. At peak demand times, the system generates electricity as normal. At times of lower demand the process can be reversed and the water is pumped back up into the higher holding reservoir for use at another peak period. This system is economical as it permits thermal power stations to continue to operate at a constant base load that maintains operating temperature, and removes the variations from the network load. The Drakensberg Pumped Storage Scheme in South Africa is used to pump water from the Tugela River in Natal to the Vaal River in the Orange Free State and also provide some 2,000MW of peak control through the ability to convert 1,000MW of pumping to 1,000MW of generation.
Environmental considerations include the flooding of the dam area; the agricultural and wildlife water needs downstream; and flushing of agricultural and other run-offs from the river system.
Hydroelectric power, using the potential energy of rivers, now supplies 19% of world electricity. Apart from a few countries with an abundance of it, hydro capacity is normally applied to peak-load demand, because it is so readily stopped and started. It is not a major option for the future in the developed countries because most major sites in these countries having potential for harnessing gravity in this way are either being exploited already or are unavailable for other reasons such as environmental considerations.
While many hydroelectric schemes supply public electricity networks, some projects were created for purely commercial purposes. For example, aluminium processing requires substantial amounts of electricity, and in Britain's Scottish Highlands there are examples at Kinlochleven and Lochaber, designed and constructed during the early years of the 20th century.
The chief advantage of hydro systems is their capacity to handle seasonal (as well as daily) high peak loads. In practice the utilisation of stored water is sometimes complicated by demands for irrigation which may occur out of phase with peak electrical demands.
See also: wave power, tidal power, List of reservoirs and dams
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Hydroelectricity."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Hydropower harnesses the energy of moving or falling water. This is usually in the form of hydroelectricity from a dam, but it can be used directly as a mechanical force. The term refers to a number of systems in which the water drives a turbine or waterwheel placed in streams or waterfalls.
Some purely mechanical hydropower systems include the Pelton wheel, the Tyson turbine, and the Banki turbine.
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Hydropower."
Crosswords: HYDRO |
| Specialty definitions using "HYDRO": ADVERSE HYDRO, AVERAGE HYDRO ♦ BPA, Bulb Turbine ♦ Distribution Graph ♦ HYDROELECTRIC POWER, Hydroelectric Power Plant, HYDROELECTRIC SPILL GENERATION ♦ INDIGENOUS ENERGY RESOURCES ♦ maximum power produced, mechanics of fluids ♦ Pumped Storage Facility ♦ QUALIFYING FACILITY ♦ REGULATORY MUST-RUN GENERATION, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE RESOURCES. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | No! That's not it, bring me the hydro spanner (Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back; writing credit: George Lucas; Leigh Brackett) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Hydro (1989) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
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High Tech |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Sounding pole with walk hydro outfit Hydrographic party of Kathryn Andreen. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Alaska, 1898. Sketch by McFarland. Skiff hydro sounding operations. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | The engineers who built the Marble Point landing strip - the first ground strip in Antartica. Back row - Bill McTigue, Navy Hydro Office; Commander Stephens, USN; __; Dr. Bob Nichols, Tufts University; front row - ___; Father Linehan, Wesson Observatory; ___. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | A survey boat and hydro signal frame a late summer sunset. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | A triangulated hydro signal on Tigvariak Island. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Observing party on a barrier island. Tall hydro signal built to increase offshore range for visual control. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Open water at last - let's do some hydro! Shoran navigation antenna seen on launch. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |  | Hydro wire over the side of the NATHANIEL B. PALMER. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | Hydrographer Kim Sampadian of NOS Pacific Hydro Branch working on shoreline verification in RAINIER plot room. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |  | Figure 14. A Hydro Products water sampling bottle. This type of water sampling bottle was first designed by Dr. William B. Van Dorn of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1956. Credit: Sailing for Science - the NOAA Fleet Then and Now. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
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| "Hydro Lines and Blue Sky" by Matthew Maaskant Commentary: "Hydro lines in the distance on a farmers field on a clear, sunny day. Visit http://www.qr5.com ." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. |
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | Major companies in this sector are Borealis, Hydro and Perstorp. (references) | |
Venezuela has large reserves of oil, coal, natural gas and hydro resources. (references) | ||
This is because Singapore does not have hydro or geothermal energy sources. (references) | ||
Economic History | Sri Lanka | In addition, a 70 MW hydro power plant is being built with Japanese funding. (references) |
Pakistan | Nevertheless, Pakistan has vast untapped hydro potential suitable for development. (references) | |
Kenya | Hydro, geothermal and thermal steam provides the country with 864 MW of electric energy. (references) | |
Trade | Ukraine | Supply of turbines, generators, improvement of dispatch and system control network at hydro power plants along the Dnieper river (Kyiv, Kaniv, Kremenchuk, Dnipropetrovsk, Zaporizhia, Kakhovka), National Dispatch Center and eight regional dispatch centers. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "HYDRO" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 63.41% of the time. "HYDRO" is used about 82 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 63.41% | 52 | 47,145 |
| Noun (proper) | 34.15% | 28 | 65,706 |
| Noun (common) | 2.44% | 2 | 245,945 |
| Total | 100.00% | 82 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| Country | Name | Country | Name |
| Australia | Pacific Hydro Limited | Canada | British Columbia Hydro & Power Authority |
| Norway | Norsk Hydro ASA | United Kingdom | Hydro International plc |
| (more examples...) |
Source: compiled by the editor from Icon Group International, Inc.
1. Hydro, OK (town, FIPS 36700) |
Expression using "HYDRO": plant capacity flow of a hydro installation. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "HYDRO": Hydro-aeroplane, hydro-airplane, hydro-carbon, hydro-carbons, hydro-chain-reaction, Hydro-congo, hydro-culture, hydro-desulphurisation, hydro-dynamic, Hydro-electric, Hydro-electric machine, hydro-electrical, hydro-electrically, hydro-electricity, hydro-electrics, hydro-extracting, hydro-extractor, Hydro-extractor, hydro-ferricyanic acid, hydro-ferrocyanic acid, hydro-geologist, hydro-geology, hydro-kinetic, Hydro-Lyases, hydro-massage, hydro-planing, hydro-power, hydro-project, Hydro-protein, Hydro-proteine, Hydro-quebec, hydro-soda, Hydro-stop, hydro-technics, hydro-thermal. | |
Ending with "HYDRO": anti-hydro, Micro-hydro, mini-hydro. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
hydro quebec | 429 | hydro weed | 37 |
bc hydro | 394 | gear hydro | 37 |
hydro | 386 | hydro massage | 33 |
ontario hydro | 215 | hydro prop | 32 |
hydro one | 202 | hydro sport boat | 32 |
hydro manitoba | 189 | hydro london | 32 |
toronto hydro | 129 | hydro thunder cheat | 31 |
hydro québec | 125 | hydro seed | 31 |
hydro power | 107 | hydro air | 31 |
hydro thunder | 96 | aluminum hydro | 30 |
hydro ottawa | 90 | hydro floss | 28 |
hydro spa | 63 | hydro hoist | 27 |
hydro gel slim patch | 55 | micro hydro | 26 |
norsk hydro | 54 | hydro electric power | 26 |
grow hydro | 51 | hydro mississauga | 25 |
hydro turf | 50 | hydro industry | 23 |
hydro system | 50 | hydro quip | 23 |
hydro seeding | 44 | hydro electric | 22 |
hydro electricity | 42 | micro hydro power | 21 |
hamilton hydro | 38 | hydro energy | 21 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "HYDRO"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Chinese | 与氢结合. (various references) | |
Czech | hydro- (hydro-), vodní (aquatic, aqueous, hydro-, watertight), letadlo (aeroplane, aircraft, airplane, clipper, hydro-aeroplane, liner, plane, vessel). (various references) | |
Danish | hydro. (various references) | |
Dutch | hydro. (various references) | |
Finnish | vesivoima (hydraulic power, water-power). (various references) | |
French | hydroélectricité, énergie hydraulique. (various references) | |
German | Wasserkraft (water power, waterpower). (various references) | |
Greek | μέγιστη ωφέλιμη ροή (maximum discharge, maximum operating flow, maximum throughput, maximum usable flow, plant capacity flow, plant capacity flow of a hydro installation), μέγιστη ωφέλιμη παροχή (maximum discharge, maximum operating flow, maximum throughput, maximum usable flow, plant capacity flow, plant capacity flow of a hydro installation), μέγιστη λειτουργική παροχή (maximum discharge, maximum operating flow, maximum throughput, maximum usable flow, plant capacity flow, plant capacity flow of a hydro installation). (various references) | |
Hungarian | hidroplán (hydro-aeroplane, hydroplane, seaplane), hidroelektromos (hydro-electric), gyógyfürdővel összekötött szálloda (hydro-hotel), gyógyfürdő (hydro-hotel, hydropathic establishment, hydrophatic establishment, medical bath, medicinal bath, spa, thermal bath). (various references) | |
Italian | stabilimento termale, energia idroelettrica. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ydrohay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | caudal máximo turbinável (maximum discharge, maximum operating flow, maximum throughput, maximum usable flow, plant capacity flow, plant capacity flow of a hydro installation), capacidade de escoamento de um aproveitamento hidroeléctrico (maximum discharge, maximum operating flow, maximum throughput, maximum usable flow, plant capacity flow, plant capacity flow of a hydro installation). (various references) | |
Romanian | hidrotehnicã (hydro-technics). (various references) | |
Spanish | hidráulica (hydraulics). (various references) | |
Swedish | hydro- (hydro-), maximal användbar vattenföring (maximum discharge, maximum operating flow, maximum throughput, maximum usable flow, plant capacity flow, plant capacity flow of a hydro installation). (various references) | |
Turkish | kaplıca (baths, health resort, hot spring, spa, thermal springs, thermal water), deniz uçağı (floatplane, flying boat, hydroplane, seaplane, watercraft), ılıca (baths, health resort, hot spring, spa, thermal water). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | гідроелектричний (hydro-electric), гідролітак (hydro-aeroplane, hydro-airplane, seaplane), гідроплан (hydro-aeroplane, hydro-airplane, hydroplane, water plane), гідро- (hydro-), водо- (hydro-). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "HYDRO": hydrobiological, hydrobiologies, hydrobiologist, hydrobiologists, hydrobiology, hydrocarbon, hydrocarbons, hydrocele, hydroceles, hydrocephalic, hydrocephalics, hydrocephalies, hydrocephalus, hydrocephaluses, hydrocephaly, hydrochloride, hydrochlorides, hydrochlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazides, hydrocolloid, hydrocolloidal, hydrocolloids, hydrocortisone, hydrocortisones, hydrocrack, hydrocracked, hydrocracker, hydrocrackers, hydrocracking, hydrocrackings, hydrocracks, hydrodynamic, hydrodynamical, hydrodynamically, hydrodynamicist, hydrodynamicists, hydrodynamics, hydroelectric, hydroelectrically, hydroelectricities, hydroelectricity, hydrofoil, hydrofoils, hydrogel, hydrogels, hydrogen, hydrogenase, hydrogenases, hydrogenate, hydrogenated, hydrogenates. (additional references) | |
Words containing "HYDRO": anhydrous, dehydrochlorinase, dehydrochlorinases, dehydrochlorinate, dehydrochlorinated, dehydrochlorinates, dehydrochlorinating, dehydrochlorination, dehydrochlorinations, dehydrogenase, dehydrogenases, dehydrogenate, dehydrogenated, dehydrogenates, dehydrogenating, dehydrogenation, dehydrogenations, dihydroergotamine, dihydroergotamines, dihydroxyacetone, dihydroxyacetones, geohydrologic, geohydrologies, geohydrologist, geohydrologists, geohydrology, magnetohydrodynamic, magnetohydrodynamics, monohydroxy, oxyhydrogen, polyhydroxy, tetrahydrocannabinol, tetrahydrocannabinols, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofurans, trihydroxy, unhydrolyzed. (additional references) | |
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"HYDRO" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: hido, Hidri, Hierro, Hydon, hydr, hydric, hydron, hydros, hydrox, Hygrove, hypro, hyrde, hyrdo, hyro, hytril. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-h-o-r-y" | |
-1 letter: dory, yodh. | |
-2 letters: dor, dry, hod, hoy, rho, rod, yod. | |
-3 letters: do, ho, od, oh, or, oy, yo. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-h-o-r-y" | |
+1 letter: hydros. | |
+2 letters: droshky, drouthy, hydroid, hydrops, hydrous, hydroxy, thyroid. | |
+3 letters: droshkys, droughty, hoorayed, horridly, hydragog, hydrator, hydrogel, hydrogen, hydroids, hydromel, hydronic, hydropic, hydropsy, hydroski, hydrosol, hydroxyl, hypoderm, hyracoid, nonhardy, rhapsody, roughdry, rowdyish, threnody, thyreoid, thyroids, thyrsoid. | |
+4 letters: anhydrous, chiropody, diachrony, dysphoria, dysphoric, dystrophy, eriophyid, erythroid, euthyroid, foolhardy, greyhound, holidayer, hybridoma, hydragogs, hydration, hydrators, hydrocele, hydrofoil, hydrogels, hydrogens, hydrolase, hydrology, hydrolyze, hydromels, hydronium, hydropses, hydrosere, hydroskis, hydrosols, hydroxide, hydroxyls, hydrozoan, hypoderms, hyracoids, hysteroid, orthodoxy, overhyped, polyhedra, rhytidome, thyroidal. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Usage Frequency 11. Names: Company Usage 12. Cities | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Derivations | 17. Anagrams 18. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
