Hormone Replacement Therapy

Specialty Definition: Hormone replacement therapy

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

This article is about the treatment with sex steroids. For hormone replacement therapy in general, and for other instances in which hormones might be prescribed, see hormone therapy. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a system of medical treatment for postmenopausal women, based on the assumption that it may prevent health problems caused by diminished circulating estrogen hormones. The treatment involves a series of drugs designed to artificially boost hormone levels. Estrogens and progestagens are the two main types of hormones involved. HRT is also used by transsexuals to aid them in attaining the secondary sex characteristics of their desired sex.

HRT provides low dosages of an estrogen and a progestagen. In women who have had a hysterectomy only an estrogen is given, unopposed estrogen therapy. HRT treatment is by tablets taken either cyclically (estrogen daily and progestagen from around two weeks every month; sequentially combined HRT or scHRT) or continuously (constant dosage of both types of hormones; continuous combined HRT or ccHRT). Sometimes also an androgen is added to treat reduced sexual desire (libido) after menopause.

It is seen as either a short-term relief (often one or two years, usually less than five) from menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, irregular menstruation, fat redistribution etc.) or as a longer term treatment to reduce the risk of osteopenia leading to osteoporosis.

There are certain potential risks associated with HRT. Oral estrogen intake can exacerbate existing liver or gallbladder problems and cause blood clots. Estrogens can also effect blood triglyceride levels and so may increase the risk of cardiovascular problems. Long term use of HRT may also increase the risk of breast cancer. Unopposed estrogen therapy in women with a uterus may also increase the risk of uterine cancers

Due to the potential problems of HRT a number of alternative therapies have been used. A mix of different drugs to control symptoms is one approach, as are certain changes to the diet and regular exercise. To combat the risk to bones dietary changes to increase calcium uptake, exercise, and drugs such as biphosphates, selective estrogen receptor modulators or calcitonin have been tried.

For male-to-female transsexuals, HRT includes antiandrogens in addition to the estrogens and progestagens mentioned above. For female-to-male transsexuals, HRT consists only of androgens.

Synonym: Hormone Replacement Therapy

Synonym: hormone-replacement therapy (n). (additional references)

Crosswords: Hormone Replacement Therapy

Specialty definitions using "hormone replacement therapy": Levothyroxine ♦ Premarin. (references)

Commercial Usage: Hormone Replacement Therapy

Domain	Title
Books	Hormone Replacement Therapy Yes or No?: How to Make an Informed Decision About Estrogen, Progesterone, & Other Strategies for Dealing With Pms, menop (reference) The Estrogen Answer Book: 150 Most-Asked Questions About Hormone Replacement Therapy (reference) Hormone Replacement Therapy and Osteoporosis (reference) Smart Medicine for Menopause: Hormone Replacement Therapy and Its Natural Alternatives (reference) Hormone Replacement Therapy for Menopausal Women: A Clinical Appraisal (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Non-Fiction Usage: Hormone Replacement Therapy

Subject	Topic	Quote
Health		Hormone deficiencies may be treated with hormone replacement therapy. (references)
		For more information on HRT/ERT, see the NIA Age Page on hormone replacement therapy. (references)
		However, there are still many unanswered questions about menopause and the benefits and risks of long-term hormone replacement therapy. (references)
Business		Another recent announcement was Wyeth-Ayerst Pharmaceuticals' (U.S.) US$300 million investment for a manufacturing complex producing hormone replacement therapy drugs and infant nutrition products. (references)
		The hospital's current success is at least partially attributable to its ability to identify with women's health concerns and supply them with excellent services including comprehensive OB/GYN care, testing for the early detection of breast cancer, reproductive health screening and therapy, psychological support and counseling, ultrasound, osteoporosis screening and prevention programs, dietician services, hormone replacement therapy, bone density tests, fitness evaluation, and day surgery. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits.

Modern Translations: Hormone Replacement Therapy

Language		Translations for "hormone replacement therapy"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
French		traitement hormonal substitutif, traitement hormonal de substitution. (various references)

Italian		terapia ormonale sostitutiva. (various references)

Pig Latin		ormonehay eplacementray erapythay

Spanish		terapia de sustitución hormonal. (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

Alternative Orthography: Hormone Replacement Therapy

Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)

48 6F 72 6D 6F 6E 65 52 65 70 6C 61 63 65 6D 65 6E 74 54 68 65 72 61 70 79

Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)

Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)

01001000 01101111 01110010 01101101 01101111 01101110 01100101 00100000 01010010 01100101 01110000 01101100 01100001 01100011 01100101 01101101 01100101 01101110 01110100 00100000 01010100 01101000 01100101 01110010 01100001 01110000 01111001

HTML Code (1990) (references)

&#72 &#111 &#114 &#109 &#111 &#110 &#101 &#32 &#82 &#101 &#112 &#108 &#97 &#99 &#101 &#109 &#101 &#110 &#116 &#32 &#84 &#104 &#101 &#114 &#97 &#112 &#121

ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)

0048 006F 0072 006D 006F 006E 0065 0052 0065 0070 006C 0061 0063 0065 006D 0065 006E 0074 0054 0068 0065 0072 0061 0070 0079

Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)

4281847981807125271827867697179718086254747184678291

INDEX

1. Definition
2. Synonyms
3. Crosswords
4. Usage: Commercial

5. Quotations: Non-fiction
6. Expressions: Internet
7. Translations: Modern
8. Orthography

9. Bibliography

Note to the press & webmasters - this dictionary can be linked, indexed, or referred to using the following non-English expressions:
woordeboek, fjalor, ‏معجم, ‏قاموس, diccionariu, речник, diccionari, diksyonario, diksinario, 字典, gérlyver, slovník, ordbog, woordenboek, shimiyuc p'anca, orðabók, orðbók, dictionnaire, wurdboek, wörterbuch, λεξικό, אוצר מילים, szótár, uqausiit tukingit, dizionario, 字引 , じい, じびき, じて�", ディクショナリー , じり�", じしょ, �'�"かい, ディクショナリ , 사� �, dizionari, recnik, fockleyr, dikshonario, słownik, dicionário, dicţionar, dicziunari, словарь, lolomi fefiloi, foclair, abardair, faclair, briathrachan, pukuntau, leksikon, rečnik, vocabbulariu, diccionario, sí-chazamagâma, ordbok, lexikon, พจนานุกรม, sözlük, ansiklopedik sözlük, словник, довідник, có tính chất sách vở, geirlyfr, geiriadur, for dictionary;
definisie, qartësi, përcaktim, saktësi, ‏الوضوحية في الشيء, ‏حد, ‏تحديد, ‏تعريف, ‏التحديد, ‏الإيضاحية, яснота, сила, очертания, дефиниция, 定義 , 定义, definice, deskriptordefinition, definitie, määritelmä, définition, ορισμός, �"�'�"ר�", �"�'בל�", meghatározás, definíció, definizione, 確定 , ディーゼル電気車 , デ�'ドロ酢酸 , デフィニション , ディフィニション , ていぎ, かくてい, � �의, geyrid, meenaghey, keeayllaght, baght, definishon, definição, definiţie, determinare, definire, определение, definicija, definición, definition, açıklama, belirleme, belirtme, kesinleştirme, tanım, tarif, seçiklik, tanımlama, чіткість, тлумачення, виразність, визначення, дефініція, ясність, чітка чутність, sự định rõ, sự định nghĩa, lời định nghĩa sự định, diffiniad, darnodiad, for definition;
vertaling, transferim, transmetim, ‏ترجمة من لغة أجنبية للغة الأم, ‏ترجمة, ‏إفتتان, транслация, огъване, превод, предаване, поддаване, тълкуване, превеждане, 翻译, překlad, oversættelse, translatie, taajuusmuutos, translaatio, traduction, oersetting, Übersetzung, μετάφραση, תור�'מ� ות, תר�'ום, �"עתק�", �"עתק, fordítás, traduzione, 翻訳 , へい�"ういどう, やくしょ, やくしゅつ, �"うどく, ほ�"やく, トランスレーション , やくじゅつ, ほ�"やくしょ, 번역, tradukshon, tradução, translaţie, tãlmãcire, traducere, сдвиг, трансляция, перемещение, перевод, tumačenje, traducción, översättning, tercüme, процес перекладу, переклад, пояснення, переміщення, sự dịch, sự biến th� nh sự giải thích, trosiad, for translation;
Franse taal, Frans, franceze, francez, frëngjisht, frëng, frëngjishte, ‏فرنسي, ‏اللغة الفرنسية, ‏الشعب الفرنسي, gall, френски език, френски, Pranses, 法國 , 法文 , 法語 , 法语, francouzština, francouzský, franskur, franskt, ranskalainen, français, Frânsk, französisch, γάλλοσ, γαλλικόσ, γαλλική γλώσσα, γαλλίδα, צרפתי, צרפתית, francia, Fraincis, francese, フレコン化 , フランス�" , 仏文 , 仏 , ふつぶ�", フレンチ , フランセ , ふつ, �"�랑스, Perancis, Ny Frangee, Mooinjey ny Frank, frances, franses, francês, francezii, francezã, franţuzesc, franţuzeşte, французский, Falani, francuski jezik, francuski, francuzi, francés, sí-Fulentji, fransk, franska, fransızca, Fransiz, fransızca ile ilgili, fransız, fransa ile ilgili, французька мова, французький, Ffrengig, isiFulentshi, for French;
Italianer, Italiaans, Italiaan, ‏شخص إيطالي, ‏اللغة الإيطالية, ‏الإيطالي, ‏إيطالي, Italianu, италиански език, италиански, италианец, Italyano, 意大利 , 意大利語 , 意大利语, italština, italský, ital, italiener, italienskt, italialainen, Italien, Italjaansk, italienisch, Ιταλός, italisht, איטלקי, איטלקית, olasz, Ítali, IodÚilis, italiano, 이탈리아, Iddaalish, Włoch, italianã, italienesc, italieneşte, italian, итальянский язык, итальянский, итальянец, Italia, italijanski, italijanski jezik, italijan, sí-Taliyáne, italienare, italiensk, italienska, เกี่ยวกับอิตาลี, ชาวอิตาลี, � าษาอิตาลี, italyanca, italyan, італі�"ць, італійська мова, італійський, італійка, for Italian;
Spaans, Spaanse taal, spanjoll, ‏اللغة الأسبانية, ‏الأسبانية, ‏أسباني, испански език, испански, espanyoles, Espanyol, 西班牙语, 西班牙文 , 西班牙語 , španìlský, španìlština, spanskt, espanjalainen, espagnol, Spaansk, spanisch, ισπανικά, ισπανικόσ, ισπανοί, karaiñe'êmegua, ספר�"ית, ספר�"י, spanyol, SpÚinnis, spagnolo, スペイン語 , スパイ罪 , スペイン�", スパニッシュ , 스페인, Spaainagh, Spaainish, spañó, espanhol, espanhòl, spaniolesc, spanioleşte, spaniol, испанский, Sipaniolo, španski jezik, španski, español, spanska språk, spansk, ispanyollar, ispanyolca, ispanyol, іспанська мова, іспанський, for Spanish;

Expression	Frequency per Day	Expression	Frequency per Day
hormone replacement therapy	884	stopping hormone replacement therapy	4
natural hormone replacement therapy	78	hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer	4
alternative for hormone replacement therapy	33	hormone replacement therapy news	4
hormone replacement therapy drug	12	hormone replacement therapy weight gain	4
dementia hormone replacement therapy	7	hormone replacement therapy study	4
hormone replacement therapy risk	7	hiv hormone replacement therapy	4
hysterectomy hormone replacement therapy	7	hormone replacement therapy testosterone	2
male hormone replacement therapy	7	premarin for hormone replacement therapy	2
hormone replacement therapy medication	6	benefit hormone replacement therapy	2
hormone replacement therapy side effects	6	danger hormone replacement therapy	2
man hormone replacement therapy	6	hormone replacement therapy information	2
herbal hormone replacement therapy	5	bioidentical hormone replacement therapy	2
alzheimers hormone replacement therapy	5	hormone replacement therapy and osteoporosis	2
female hormone replacement therapy	5	hormone replacement therapy woman	2
hormone replacement therapy estrogen	4	alzheimers disease hormone replacement therapy	2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Domain	Definitions
Health	Therapeutic use of hormones to alleviate the effects of hormone deficiency. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Definition: Hormone Replacement Therapy