Hemolysis

Definition: Hemolysis

Hemolysis

Noun

1. Lysis of erythrocytes with the release of hemoglobin.

Specialty Definitions: Hemolysis

Domain	Definitions
Health	The destruction of erythrocytes by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. (references)
Medicine	The alteration, dissolution or destruction of red blood cells in such a manner that hemoglobin is liberated into the medium in which the cells are suspended ; the alteration, dissolution, or destruction of red blood cells so that hemoglobin is liberated into the medium in which the cells are suspended. May be caused by toxins, various chemical agents, and thermal conditions. Source: European Union. (references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Specialty Definition: Hemolysis

(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)

Hemolysis (alternative spelling Haemolysis) is the excessive breakdown of red blood cells. When this happens in an animal, it causes a form of anemia.

Hemolysis is also an important factor in medical tests, as a blood sample may become hemolysed with prolonged storage, or during venipuncture. This may cause interference with the test results for a patient.

Hemolytic anaemia

Normally, a red blood cell survives 90 to 120 days in circulation: about 1% of human red blood cells break down each day, which matches the production rate.

When the rate of breakdown increases, the body compensates by producing more red blood cells. If compensation is adequate there are few clinical problems.

If breakdown occurs at such a rate that it exceeds the body's ability to keep up, and then anemia develops.

Detection of hemolysis

Hemolysis can be distinguished from other forms of anemia in several ways:

certain aspects of the medical history can suggest a cause for hemolysis (drugs, fava bean or other sensitivity, prosthetic heart valve, or other serious medical illness)
when peripheral blood smear is examined microscopically:
- fragments of the red blood cells ("schistocytes") can be present
- some red blood cells may appear smaller and rounder than usual (spherocytes)
- reticulocytes are present in elevated numbers. This may be overlooked if a special stain is not used.
the level of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood is elevated
the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the blood is elevated
haptoglobin levels are decreased
serologic antibody testing, specifically the direct Coombs test, can be abnormal

Causes of hemolysis

Autoimmune disease (antibodies)
Abnormal red cells, e.g., hereditary spherocytosis
Drug + antibody (i.e., some drugs lead to haemolysis mediated by an antibody)
G6PD deficiency and other enzyme deficiencies
Mechanical (heart valves, microvascular disease)
Toxins (e.g., snake venom)

Ineffective hematopoiesis is sometimes misdiagnosed as hemolysis.

Clinically these conditions may share may features of hemolysis
Red cell breakdown occurs before a fully developed red cell is released into the circulation.
Examples: thalassemia, myelodysplastic syndrome

Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Hemolysis."

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Synonyms: Hemolysis

Synonyms: haematolysis (n), haemolysis (n), hematolysis (n). (additional references)

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Crosswords: Hemolysis

English words defined with "hemolysis": haemolytic, hemolytic ♦ Rh, Rh factor, Rh incompatibility, rhesus factor. (references)

Specialty definitions using "hemolysis": Babesiosis ♦ Enterococcus, Erythrocyte Membrane ♦ Hemoglobin C Disease, Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal ♦ IMMUNOHEMATOLOGIST. (references)

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Commercial Usage: Hemolysis

Domain	Title
Books	A Seminar on Laboratory Management of Hemolysis : presented at the 32nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Blood Banks, Las Vegas, Nevada, November 5, 1979 (reference) Blood : rheology, hemolysis, gas, and surface interactions (reference) Hemolysis and related phenomena (reference) Hemolysis by ultrasound : a comparative study of the osmotic and ultrasonic fragility tests (reference) (more book examples)
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Frequency of Internet Keywords: Hemolysis

The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com.

Expression	Frequency per Day
hemolysis	67
hemolysis intravascular	4
alpha hemolysis	3
beta hemolysis	2
definition hemolysis	2
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits.

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Modern Translations: Hemolysis

Language		Translations for "hemolysis"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses.
Danish		haemolyse (haemolysis), hæmolyse (haemolysis). (various references)

Dutch		hemolyse (haemolysis), hematolyse (haemolysis), haemolysis (haemolysis), haematolysis (haemolysis), bloedontleding (haemolysis), bloedontbinding (haemolysis). (various references)

Finnish		hemolyysi (haemolysis), punasolujen hajoaminen (haemolysis), punasoluhajo (haemolysis). (various references)

French		hémolyse. (various references)

German		Haemolyse (haemolysis), Haemolysation (haemolysis), Haemocytolysis (haemolysis), Haematozytolyse (haemolysis), Hämolyse (haemolysis), Erythrolyse (haemolysis). (various references)

Greek		αιμόλυση (haemolysis). (various references)

Italian		emolisi (haemolysis), ematocitolisi (haemolysis), citoemolisi (haemolysis). (various references)

Japanese Kanji		溶血 . (various references)

Japanese Katakana		ようけつ (main point). (various references)

Pig Latin		emolysishay

Portuguese		hemólise (haemolysis). (various references)

Spanish		hemólisis (haemolysis). (various references)

Swedish		hemolys (haemolysis), hämolys (haemolysis). (various references)
Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references.

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Anagrams: Hemolysis

Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams
	Words within the letters "e-h-i-l-m-o-s-s-y"
	-2 letters: holisms, isohels, lissome, messily, smileys.
	-3 letters: helios, hoises, holies, holism, homely, homily, hosels, hoyles, isohel, limeys, lissom, mioses, missel, mohels, molies, moseys, moshes, myoses, myosis, sheols, shiels, shmoes, slimes, slimsy, sloshy, smiles, smiley.
	-4 letters: heils, helio, helms, helos, hissy, hoise, holes, holey, holms, homes, homey, hosel, hoses, hoyle, isles, limes, limey, limos, loess, loses, lossy, lyses, lysis, meshy, messy, miles, milos, mises, misos, missy, mohel, moils, moles, mosey, mossy, seism, semis, sheol, shiel, shies, shily, shims, shoes, silos, slime, slims, slimy, sloes, slosh, smile, soils, solei, soles, sylis, ylems.
	-5 letters: elhi, elms, elmy, heil, helm, helo, hems, hies, hiss, hoes, hole, holm, hols, holy, home, homy, hose, hoys, isle, isms, leis, less, leys, lies, lime, limo, limy, lose, loss, lyes, lyse, mels, mesh, mess, mhos, mile, milo, mils, mise, miso, miss, moil, mole, mols, moly, mosh, moss, ohms, oils, oily, oles, oses, oyes, seis, sels, semi, shes, shim, shmo, shoe, silo, sims, slim, sloe, soil, sole, soli, sols, some, soys, syli, ylem.
	Words containing the letters "e-h-i-l-m-o-s-s-y"
	+1 letter: hemolysins.
	+2 letters: polytheisms.
	+3 letters: chrysomelids, hemodialyses, hemodialysis.
	+4 letters: mischievously, nympholepsies.
	+5 letters: amphiprostyles, lachrymosities.
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro.