Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
Definitions: Hedge |
HedgeNoun1. A fence formed by a row of closely planted shrubs or bushes. 2. Taking two positions that will offset each other if prices change and so limiting financial risk. 3. An intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement; "when you say `maybe' you are just hedging". Verb1. Avoid or try to avoid, as of duties, questions and issues; "He dodged the issue". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "hedge" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1350. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
19th Century Satire | A fence. Source: Foolish Dictionary, 1904. |
Economics | To reduce one's risk of loss by compensating transactions on the other side. For example, buy goods for future delivery priced in a foreign currency. Hedge by buying the foreign exchange needed at the rate then in effect. Or, another way of hedging is to buy a forward exchange contract. In both cases the buyer will have a known cost in its own currency. This is a hedge against the risk of foreign exchange fluctuation; it is not a hedge against a change in the price of the goods. (references) |
Finance | A compensating transaction, either spot or forward, for the purpose of off-setting the risk of future business or cash transaction in securities, currency or goods ; a transaction tending to the opposite effect of another transaction, engaged in to minimize a potential loss on the latter. Source: European Union. (references) |
| Arbitrage established by buying the underlying asset, buying a put and selling a call, where both options have the same striking prices and expiration dates. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| A protective manoeuvre often involving the use of options or other derivative products designed to reduce the risk of loss from short-term price fluctuations. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Food & Agriculture | Row of shrubs or low trees planted together. Source: European Union. (references) |
Literature | Hedge (1 syl.). To hedge, in betting, is to defend oneself from loss by cross-bets. As a hedge is a defence, so cross-betting is hedging. (E. Huni: The Town, ix.) "He [Godolpbin] began to think ... that he had betted too deep ... and that it was time to hedge" - Macaulay: England, vol. iv. chap. xvii. p 15. Source: Brewer's Dictionary. |
Slang in 1811 | HEDGE. To make a hedge; to secure a bet, or wager, laid on one side, by taking the odds on the other, so that, let what will happen, a certain gain is secured, or hedged in, by the person who takes this precaution; who is then said to be on velvet. Source: 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In gardening a hedge (q.v.) is a row of plants, generally one species, used to demarcate spaces. See the separate article for an elaboration on this meaning of the word.
The practice can be illustrated with an example. An investor believes that the company FOO is going to do well this month, and wishes to buy some shares so as to profit from their rise in value. FOO is, however, part of the widgets industry, a sector whose share prices are highly volatile.
Our investor is interested in the company itself, not the vagaries of the industry, and so seeks to hedge out the risk by selling short an equal amount of the shares of FOO's direct competitor, BAR.
On day one, our investor's portfolio looks like this:
On day two, there is a big news story about the widgets industry and the value of all widgets stock goes up. FOO, however, because it is a stronger company, goes up by 10%, while BAR goes up by just 5%:
Perhaps our investor is regretting the hedge on day two, because it has cut into the profits on the FOO position, but on day three there is another news story that is bad for widgets, and all widgets stock goes down.
This time it's a real crash — 50% is wiped off the value of the widgets industry in the course of a few hours. Once again, however, because FOO is the better company it suffers less than BAR:
Value of long position:
The example above is a "classic" sort of hedge, known in the industry as a "pairs trade" due to the trading on a pair of related securities. As investors became more sophisticated, along with the mathematical tools used to calculate values, known as models, the types of hedges has increased greatly. In general, however, all hedge strategies look for a "spread" between market value and real value, and attempt to extract profits when the values converge.
Another of the classic hedge strategies is to buy the stock of a company that is being teken over in a merger, while shorting the stock of the company that is buying them. In this case the details of the merger are known in advance, for instance company A may offer 10 shares of their own stock for every 8 of compnay B, which they are purchasing. Given the current market values the dollar amounts of the takeover bid can be calculated, and the spread between current value and the announced takeover value can be calculated. If the current stock price is below the takeover value, the deal is said to be "in the money".
The hedge in this case is to remove the risk that the takeover will fail. For instance if company B rejects the takeover bid, their stock price will typically fall to its original value, or lower. The same however is also true of company A, who's perceived value will drop as a result of failing in their venture. Therefore the hedging opportunity is to purchase shares of company B (if it is in the money), and short the shares of company A. This way some profit will be made in either case, with the spread disappearing and creating a profit on the long position, while in the case of the deal breaking down the losses on the long position will be hedged out by the gains on the short when the shares of company A fall.
A convertible bond is type of bond that can optionally be converted into shares of the issuing company at some pre-announced ratio. For instance if the bond has a face value of 1000 dollars and the stock is current trading at $10, a particular bond issue might offer 100 shares of the company at some future date, the so-called "maturity date". In general, this is in the company's favour, if the stock price drops they can offer the shares at a lower total value than the face value of the bond. However, if the stock price increases they can instead simply give you your $1000 back.
Although it might not be obvious, this security also offers a built-in spread. If you buy the bond and short the stock, you will make a profit no matter what happens. For instance if the value of the stock drops the company will give you shares of a lower total value than the $1000 you paid for them, so you lose money. However at the same time you have shorted their stock, so you will make a profit as the stock price falls. On the flip side, if the stock price rises the short position will lose money, but the value of the bond rises as well.
A depository receipt is a security that is offered as a "tracking stock" on another foreign market. For instance a Chinese company wishing to raise more money may issue a depository receipt on the New York Stock Exchange, as the amount of capital on the local exchanges is limited. These securities, known as ADRs or GDRs depending on where they are issued, are typically considered "foreign" and therefore trade at a lower value when first released. However, they are exchangeable into the original security (known as fungibility) and actually have the same value. In this case there is a spread between the perceived value and real value, which can be extracted. Since the ADR is trading at a value lower than what it is worth, one can purchase the ADR and expect to make money as its value converges on the original. However there is a chance that the original stock will fall in value too, so by shorting it you can hedge that risk.
A Contract for Differences (CfD) is a two way hedge or swap contract that allows the seller and purchaser to fix the price of a volatile commodity. An example would be a deal between an electricity producer and an electricity retailer who both trade through an electricity market pool.
If the producer and the retailer agree a strike price of, say $50 per MWh, for 1 MWh in a trading period, then if the actual pool price is $70, then the producer get $70 from the pool but has to rebate $20 (the "difference" between the strike price and the pool price) to the retailer.
On the other hand the retailer pays the difference to the producer if the pool price is lower than the strike price.
In effect, the pool volatility is nullified and the parties pay and receive $50 per MWh. However, the party who pays the difference is "out of the money" because without the hedge they would have received the benefit of the pool price.
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Hedges may be clipped or unclipped. Typical woody plants for clipped hedges include boxwood, privet, yew, hemlock, arborvitae, barberry, holly, oleander, lavender, etc. An early 20th century fashion was for tapestry hedges, using a mix of golden, green and glaucus dwarf conifers, or beech and copper beech. Unclipped hedges take up more space, generally at a premium in modern gardens, but compensate by flowering. Rosa multiflora is widely used as a dense hedge along median strips of parkways. In mild climates, more exotic flowering hedges are formed, using Ceanothus, Hibiscus or Camellias.
Hedges of clipped trees forming allées are a feature of 16th century Italian gardens such as the Boboli Gardens in Florence, and of formal French gardens in the manner of André le Notre, e.g. at Versailles. The 'hedge on stilts' of clipped hornbeams at Hidcote, Gloucestershire, is famous and has sometimes been imitated.
Hedges below knee height are generally thought of as borders. Elaborately shaped and interlaced borders forming knot gardens or parterres were fashionable in Europe during the 16th and early 17th centuries. Generally they were appreciated from a raised position, either the windows of a house, or a terrace.
Clipped hedges above eye level may be laid out in the form of a labyrinth or garden maze. Few such mazes survived the change of fashion towards more naturalistic plantings in the 18th and 19th centuries, but many were replanted in 20th century restorations of older gardens. An example is behind the Governor's Palace, Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia.Example hedge
(Notice that the investor has sold short the same value of shares, not the same number; this is important).
(Remember that in a short position, the investor loses money when the price goes up)
Value of short position:
Without the hedge, our investor would be looking at a loss of 450 USD. With the hedge, that loss still stands on the long side, but the short side is in profit of 495 USD. That means our investor in widgets is still 45 USD in profit on a day when the market suffered a dramatic collapse.Types of hedging
Merger Arbitrage
Convertible bond Arbitrage
Depository Receipts
Contract for Differences
See Also
Hedge (gardening)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Hedge."
Synonyms: HedgeSynonyms: hedgerow (n), hedging (n), circumvent (v), dodge (v), duck (v), elude (v), evade (v), fudge (v), parry (v), put off (v), sidestep (v), skirt (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Circumscription | Verb: circumscribe, limit, bound, confine, inclose; surround; compass about; imprison; (restrain); hedge in, wall in, rail in; fence round, fence in,hedge round; picket; corral. |
Compensation | Verb: make compensation; compensate, compense; indemnify; counteract, countervail, counterpoise; balance; outbalance, overbalance, counterbalance; set off; hedge, square, give and take; make up for, lee way; cover, fill up, neutralize, nullify; equalize; make good; redeem; (atone). |
Hindrance | Obstruct, stop, stay, bar, bolt, lock; block, block up; choke off; belay, barricade; block the way, bar the way, stop the way; forelay; dam up; (close); put on the brake; Noun: scotch the wheel, lock the wheel, put a spoke in the wheel; put a stop to; traverse, contravene; interrupt, intercept; oppose; hedge in, hedge round; cut off; inerclude. |
Inclosure | Wall, hedge, hedge row; espalier; fence; (defense); pale, paling, balustrade, rail, railing, quickset hedge, park paling, circumvallation, enceinte, ring fence. |
Prosperity | Adjective: prosperous; thriving; Verb: in a fair way, buoyant; well off, well to do, well to do in the world; set up, at one's ease; rich; in good case; in full, in high feather; fortunate, lucky, in luck; born with a silver spoon in one's mouth, born under a lucky star; on the sunny side of the hedge. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Maude, these new finger razors make hedge trimming as much fun as sitting through church! (The Simpsons; writing credit: Artur Brauner; Paul Hengge) More than ever! Every street has its borderline. Between each plot, there's a strip of no-man's-land disguised as a hedge or a ditch. (Himmel ber Berlin, Der; writing credit: Peter Handke; Wim Wenders) Hedge clippers. (Gilmore Girls; writing credit: Povl Erik Carstensen; Sebastian Dorset) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Hedge Hoppers (1944) The Hedge Between (1914) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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Consumer Goods | |||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Unidentified garden enclosed by hedge wall with axial trellis and pergola gateways. Perspective sketch study.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Sitting with his dog against a brown and windy hedge.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Mrs. Herbert Hoover, full-length portrait, standing, facing left; with German shepherd dog, under arch of hedge outside the White House.Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Salamanca, cactus hedge.Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Three girls on horseback as their horses jump a hedge.Credit: Library of Congress. | ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Play | Caption |
 | Electric hedge trimmer trimming the hedges. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Benjamin Franklin | Love thy neighbor -- but don't pull down your hedge. |
Miguel de Cervantes | You're leaping over the hedge before you come to the stile. |
Thomas Fuller | Though bachelors be the strongest stakes, married men are the best binders, in the hedge of the commonwealth. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Title | Author | Quote |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | He carried in his left hand a small package tied in a handkerchief, with his right he leaned upon a sort of staff cut from a hedge. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Behind a hedge of laurel a light glimmered in the window of a kitchen and the voice of a servant was heard singing as she sharpened knives. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Business | But it is powered gardening equipment like hedge trimmers and grass strimmers that are most in demand - often bought as gifts. (references) | |
It is evolving from a pure source of tax efficient funding to a value added lease product, which meets specific client needs to hedge. (references) | ||
Cordless or mains-powered drills, multifunctional tools, electric sanders, electric saws, and electric hedge trimmers are the tools most in demand. (references) | ||
Economic History | Hungary | Shortly thereafter, the Central Bank lifted all remaining capital controls, providing the necessary instruments for investors to hedge currency risk. (references) |
Romania | Country funds, hedge funds, and venture capital funds however continue to participate actively in the capital markets or through direct investment in private enterprises. (references) | |
Slovak Rep | This marked decrease was mainly the result of a policy change by the National Bank of Slovakia, which no longer requires commercial banks to hedge their foreign exchange liabilities. (references) | |
Political Economy | BRAZIL | Measures that the Central Bank have taken include sales of dollars into the exchange market; increased placement of dollar-indexed government debt, which serves as a hedge against devaluation; and an increase in banks' reserve requirements, which reduces liquidity. (references) |
Trade | India | Measures initiated by the Reserve Bank to integrate the Indian foreign exchange market with the global financial system include: permitting banks to fix their own position limit and aggregate gap limits; to borrow from and invest abroad up to 15 percent of tier I capital; and to arrange hedge risks for corporate clients through derivative instruments. (references) |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| "Hedge" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 90.82% of the time. "Hedge" is used about 936 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 90.82% | 850 | 8,295 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 6.94% | 65 | 41,645 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 1.17% | 11 | 106,044 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.75% | 7 | 133,076 |
| Noun (common) | 0.32% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 936 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "hedge" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Hedge | Last name | 2,000 | 6,916 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "hedge": Anticipatory hedge ♦ hedge about ♦ hedge around ♦ Hedge bells ♦ hedge bill ♦ hedge bindweed ♦ hedge cutter ♦ hedge fund ♦ Hedge Fund Research ♦ hedge garlic ♦ hedge hopping ♦ Hedge hyssop ♦ hedge in ♦ hedge lawyer ♦ hedge maple ♦ Hedge marriage ♦ hedge mustard ♦ hedge nettle ♦ Hedge note ♦ hedge off ♦ hedge one's bets ♦ hedge parsley ♦ hedge pink ♦ Hedge priest ♦ hedge ratio ♦ hedge round ♦ Hedge school ♦ hedge shears ♦ hedge sparrow ♦ hedge thorn ♦ hedge trimmer ♦ hedge violet ♦ hedge warbler ♦ Hedge writer ♦ leap over a hedge ♦ long hedge ♦ on the sunny side of the hedge ♦ pair of hedge shears ♦ prickly hedge ♦ privet hedge ♦ quick hedge ♦ quickset hedge ♦ raddle hedge ♦ reverse hedge ♦ reverse option hedge ♦ selling hedge ♦ short hedge ♦ thorn hedge ♦ To breast up a hedge ♦ To hang in the hedge ♦ To hedge a bet ♦ trapezoidal hedge ♦ turf hedge ♦ variable hedge. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "hedge": hedge-bank, hedge-banks, hedge-bill, hedge-blind, hedge-born, hedge-bottom, hedge-bottoms, hedge-boughs, hedge-builders, hedge-business, hedge-clippers, hedge-cutter, hedge-cutters, hedge-cutting, hedge-gap, hedge-hog, hedge-hopped, hedge-hopping, hedge-laying, hedge-leaping, hedge-line, hedge-lined, hedge-marriage, hedge-plant, hedge-planter, hedge-row, hedge-sparrow, hedge-sparrows, hedge-surrounded, hedge-thorn, hedge-top, hedge-tops, hedge-trimmer, hedge-trimming, hedge-wizards, hedge-writer. | |
Ending with "hedge": box-hedge, jack-by-the-hedge, robin-run-in-the-hedge, thorn-hedge, yew-hedge. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
hedge fund | 971 |
hedge | 315 |
hedge trimmers | 201 |
hedge trimmer | 170 |
benson hedge | 164 |
fraud fund hedge | 133 |
hedge investment | 108 |
michael hedge | 74 |
privet hedge | 59 |
stone hedge | 58 |
hedge plant | 53 |
hedge privacy | 45 |
chris hedge | 43 |
hedge fund job | 39 |
hedge trimming | 36 |
hedge hog | 36 |
hedge rose | 35 |
hedge fund manager | 32 |
hedge shrub | 31 |
evergreen hedge | 30 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "hedge"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Albanian | rrethoj me gardh (create obstacles, fence, hinder, prevent), pengesë (balk, bar, barrier, baulk, block, boom, chock, clog, cramp, crash barrier, cumber, detention, difficulty, dike, disadvantage, drag, drawback, encumbrance, fetter, handicap, hindrance, hitch, hold up, holdback, hurdle, impediment, interference, interruption, jamming, liability, manacle, mash, obstacle, obstruction, preclusion, pullback, retardation, retardment, rub, setback, stay, stoppage, stumbling block, stumbling-stone, stunt, traverse, trip up), mjet mbrojtës (preventive, protection, protector), kufi (abutment, ambit, border, borderline, bound, boundary, bourn, Bourne, butting, ceiling, compass, demarcation, division, edge, end, frontier, line, margin, Mark, measure, mete, radius, razor edge, stint, terminus), gardhoj (block, encompass, fence, fence in, hinder, pale, picket, piquet, rail), gardh me shkurre, gardh (barrier, fence, hindrance, hurdle, impediment, obstacle, pale, rail, rails, ring fence, stockade), bëj bisht (dodge, duck, fudge, shirk, skive). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arabic | كلام مطاط, وقاء (cradle, fender, guard, housing, rampart, shelter, shield), تملص (back out of, duck, elude, elusion, evade, evasion, furtiveness, shrink, shuffle off, swing the lead, worm, wriggle), تهرب (avoidance, be truant, beg the question, evade, fight shy of, fly in the face of, get in, malinger, shirk, shun, sidestep, skulk, swing the lead), تحفظ (closeness, have reservations, limiting condition, precaution, proviso, qualify, reservation, reserve, restraint, reticence, self restraint), سيج (enclose, fence, inclose, rail), طوق (band, be hemmed in, belt, besiege, cincture, circle, circumvent, clip, collar, compass, corral, embrace, encircle, enclose, encompass, enfold, entrench, envelop, fret, gird, girdle, hem, hoop, impale, inclose, include, invest, outflank, ring, round, strap, surround, take off, zone), الوشيع سياج من شجيرات. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bulgarian | съмнителен (alleged, ambiguous, amphibious, dingy, disputable, doubtful, dubious, equivocal, fishy, fly-by-night, hole-and-corner, indeterminate, moot, off beat, phoney, precarious, problematic, queer, questionable, screwy, seedy, shady, shaky, suspect, suspicious, uncertain, unsure, vague), увъртам (weasel), шикалкавя (boggle, fence, quibble, shift, shuffle, stall), оставям си отворена вратичка, окръжавам (encircle, orb, surround), ограждам (circumscribe, enclose, fence, fence in, fringe, hem, rail, roll up), насаждам плет, жив плет (quick hedge, quickset), преграда (baffle, barricade, bulkhead, compartment, division, hurdle, interception, obstruction, occlusion, partition, railing, screen, septum, stanchion, traverse, web), препятствие (barrier, contrariety, dike, fence, hamper, hurdle, interference, jump, obstacle, obstruction, stop, stumbling block), поставям ограда, плет (fence, hurdle, wattle fence), долнокачествен (crummy, cut rate, gross, inferior, leaden, low-grade, pinchbeck, ropy, scrubby, sleazy, slim, third class, tinpot, trashy), долнопробен (cheap, seedy, shady, trashy). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chinese | 樹籬 , 不置可否 (be noncommittal, decline to comment, not express an opinion). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Czech | pojistit (assure, cover, insure, underwrite), ochrana (Buckler, condom, escort, guardianship, patronage, protection, shield, umbrella, ward), obehnat živým plotem, krytí (backup, cover, coverage, protection), krýt (cover, protect, save), živý plot (green fence, hedgerow, quickset). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Danish | hegn (fence, fencing, hurdle, mesh, paling, paling fence, picket fence, wattle, wire netting), hedging (coverage, covering operation, hedging), hæk (grate, grid, grill), risikoafdækning (coverage, covering operation, hedger, hedging), marginkonto, levende hegn, immunisering (coverage, covering operation, hedging, immunisation, immunization), gærde, dækningsforretning (coverage, covering operation, hedging), conversion (conversion, conversion arbitrage), afdækning (coverage, covering operation, degradation, degrade, denudation, guard, hedging, insulation, lute, masking, screed, screeding). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dutch | heg, haag, steg. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Esperanto | heĝo, kreskaĵbarilo. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Faeroese | runnagirðing, kjarrgirðing. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Farsi | پرچین ساختن , پرچین (Fence), مانع (Balk, Bar, Barricade, Brake, Crimp, Dike, Drawback, Embargo, Encumbrance, Handicap, Hinder, Hindrance, Hitch, Hurdle, Impediment, Let, Lock, Obstacle, Preventive, Repellent, Setback, Shackle, Snag, Stay), چپر (Jacal, Wattle), حصار (Barrier, Cramp, Enclosure, Fence, Fold, Fort, Hag, Inclose, Wall), طفره زدن (Dally, Dodge, Elude, Shirk, Stall, Swerve, Wriggle), خارپشته , خاربست درست کردن , احاطه کردن (Beset, Box, Circle, Circuit, Corral, Encircle, Encompass, Envelop, Girdle, Hem, Hoop, Impale, Orb, Pale, Ring, Skirt, Sphere), راه بند. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Finnish | pensasaita. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
French | haie (hedgehog, hedgerow), couverture (hedging). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German | hecke (barrier, covey, fence, hedgerow, quickset hedge). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Greek | κάλυψη κινδύνου υποτίμησης (coverage, covering operation, hedging), μετατροπή (alteration, change, commutation, conversion, conversion arbitrage, converting, modification, reduction, shift reaction, transformation, transmutation), πράξη κάλυψης (coverage, covering operation, hedging), φράκτησ με θάμνουσ, φράκτης εκ θάμνων, φράκτης από περιπλεγμένους κλάδους, φράκτης από φυτά, φράκτης θάμνων, φράσσω (barricade, block, choke up, clog, dam, fence), φράχτησ, conversion (conversion, conversion arbitrage). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hebrew | משוכ" (hurdle, palisade, thorn hedge), מסוכ" (hurdle), לשוך (fence, protect), ל"תחמק (dodge, elude, eschew, evade, get away, get out, run around, shirk, sneak, stall, wriggle), ל"סתי' (dissociate oneself from, reservations, reserve, reserve oneself), ל'"ור (fence, immure), 'פ" (bank of a river, squadron, wing), '"ר שיחים, '"ר חי", '"ר (enclosure, fence, limit, restriction), סו'" (enclosure, fence). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hungarian | sövénykerítés (hedgerow). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indonesian | pembendung. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Irish | fál. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Italian | siepe (fence, fencing, hedgerow, paling). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Kanji | "垣 , "け垣 , 垣牆 (fence), 垣 , プロ野球 (10^2, hair, hair band, hair care, hair cream, hair curler, hair dresser, hair dryer, hair liquid, hair manicure, hair oil, hair spray, hairbrush, hairdye, hairpiece, hairpin curve, hairstyle, haste, header, heading, heather, hectare, hecto-, hectopascal, hedgehog, hedging, hegemony, intense smell, professional baseball, state of being furious or angry). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Japanese Katakana | ヘッジ , かきね, いけがき, え"しょう (fence, gunpowder, inflammation, seductive smile, spread of fire, word used to indicate a distant spatial relationship). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Korean | 산울타리. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manx | cur gial er gagh cheu, cleiy (delve, dig, dig out, digging, earthwork, harvest, hedging, quarry), cleigh (embankment, fence). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Norwegian | hekk (hedgerow), innhegne. (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pig Latin | edgehay sebe (break wind, fence, Frith, hurdle, wattle, wind break). (various references) se eschiva (dodge, flinch, side step, sneak away), merge (act, draw, drive, fir, foot, function, get, go, hark, hit, leg it, make, move, operate, pace, pass, repair, ride, roll, run, stand, step, travel, work), gard viu (hedgerow), gard (fence, fencing, hurdle, palisade, rail, railing, wall), cãsãtorie secretã, îngrãdi (bar, close, enclose, girdle, like, pale, protect, rail in, ring, surround, swaddle, wall), împrejmui (close, enclose, environ, fence, hem, pale, parclose, protect, surround). (various references) уклоняться (absent oneself, deflect, deflected, deflecting, deviate, elude, evade, funk, shirk, sidestep, side-step, stall, weaseled, weaseling), ограничивать (bound, circumscribe, confine, constrain, delimit, determine, enclose, inclose, limit, narrow, pinch, qualify, restrain, restrict, scanting, scrimp, set a limit, set bounds, specialize, stint, straiten, terminate), ограждать себя, ограждать (fence, fence about), огораживать изгородью, обносить изгородью, преграда (barrage, dike, obstruction), препятствие (balk, barrier, baulk, block, check, clog, contrariety, countercheck, discouragement, disincentive, drawback, encumbrance, holdback, hurdle, impediment, leap, manacle, obstacle, obstruction, preclusion, pull back, setback, traverse), изгородь (fence, fencing). (various references) riabhag (a lark, hedge sparrow, woodlark). (various references) vrdati (jink, prevaricate, stagger, tergiversate, wriggle), ograditi (enclose, fence in, partition off, surround), ograda (banister, dissociation, enclosure, fence, haw, railing, reservation, reserve, ring fence), živica (hedgerow, quick-fence). (various references) rutsito. (various references) seto vivo (quick hedge, quickset), cobertura (black grave yard soil, caution money, collateral, collateral security, cover, coverage, coverage of accidents statistics, covering, covering soil, dump cover, earnest, listening area, margin, screen, spray coverage). (various references) häck (bottom, crate, hack, hurdle, quick-fence, rack), inhägna (enclose, fence in, fence off, inclose). (various references) แนวพุ่มไม้, เครื่องล้อม, นำแนวพุ่มไม้มาล้อมรอบพื้นที่. (various references) etrafını çevirmek (begird, encircle, enclave, enclose, encompass, hedge in, hedge round, inclose, surround), çit ile çevirmek (enclose, fence, fence in, hedge in, hedge round, pale in, palisade), önlem (clampdown, countermeasure, diligence, expedient, foresight, forethought, maneuver, manoeuvre, measure, policy, precaution, prevention, preventive, protection, provision, sparingness, step), önlem almak (make provision, make provision against, maneuver, manoeuvre, provide, provide against, take measures, take precautions, take steps), aşağı (below, down, hypo-, inferior, infra, infra-, lower, lowly, minus, on the right side of, sub-), dolaylı konuşmak, engel (balk, bar, barrage, barricade, barrier, baulk, block, check, clog, countercheck, counterwork, cramp, Crimp, dam, determent, difficulty, discouragement, disincentive, drag, drawback, encumbrance, entanglement, fence, handicap, hindrance, hobble, hold up, holdback, hurdle, impediment, interference, let, obstacle, obstruction, restraint, retardation, rub, shackles, slashing, snag, stay, stick, stop, stumbling block, supersedeas, tie, trammel), çit (barrier, enclosure, fence, fencing, hurdle, inclosure, paling, palisade, ring fence), engellemek (balk, bar, baulk, block, circumvent, clamp the lid on smth., clog, counterwork, cramp, Crimp, cross, cumber, dam, dam up, defeat, embarrass, encumber, fetter, foil, gum up, hamper, hedge about, hedge around, hinder, hobble, impede, inhibit, keep down, keep from, obstruct, preclude, prevent from, put the lid on smth., resist, restrain, save, shut out, snag, stem, stymie, surety, trammel), yatırım (capital goods, investment), garantiye almak (ensure, guarantee, insure, make certain, make certain of, nail down, sew up), kısıtlamak (bound, circumscribe, clip one's wings, constrict, cramp, hedge about, hedge around, hem in, inhibit, limit, qualify, restrain, restrict, stint, tie down), kötü (bad, badly, black, chintzy, devilish, dread, dreadfull, evil, feeble, fierce, grotty, harmful, haunted, hellish, horrible, horrid, ill, indifferent, iniquitous, lousy, malign, mis-, miscreant, miserable, nasty, nefarious, obnoxious, off, offensive, poor, poorly, portentous, purple, rough, seamy, shady, sinister, sticky, stinking, ugly, unhallowed, unrighteous, vicious, wicked, worse, wrongful), kaçamak cevaplar vermek, sınırlamak (bound, call off, circumscribe, confine, constrain, hedge about, hedge around, hem in, hold in, imprison, limit, line off, localize, qualify, restrain, restrict, straitjacket, terminate, tie), tedbir (caution, cautiousness, discretion, expedient, foresight, forethought, measure, policy, precaution, protection, Providence, sparingness, step), engelleme (hindrance, inhibition, interference, obstruction, obstructiveness, prevention, stranglehold). (various references) садовити живопліт, тин (fence, fencing, raddle, wicker), відгорожувати (hedge off), живопліт (quick, zariba). (various references) h ng r o, lén lút (backstairs, hole-and-corner, rose, sideling, sneaking, sneaky, stealth, stealthy, surreptitious), bờ giậu. (various references) perth (bush), gwrych, coetgae (enclosure), clawdd (barrage, dyke, embankment). (various references) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | consepta, saepe, saepe, sepe, sepe, sepem, sepes, sepibus. (various references) |
| Old English | 450-1100 | haga. (various references) |
| Middle High German | 1100-1500 | hag. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Proverbs Chapter 15, Verse 19 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | Odoi aergwn estrwmenai akanqaiV ai de twn andreiwn tetrimmenai |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Iter pigrorum quasi sepes spinarum via iustorum absque offendiculo |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | The weie of slowe men as heggis of thornes; the weie of riytwis men withoute thing of hurting. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | The way of the slothful man is as an hedge of thorns: but the way of the righteous is made plain. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | The way of the slothful man is as a hedge of thorns: but the way of the righteous is made plain. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | Thorns are round the way of the hater of work; but the road of the hard worker becomes a highway. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Proverbs Chapter 15, Verse 19 |
| Bulgarian | Пътят на ленивия е като трънен плет, А пътят на праведните е като друм. |
| Cebuano | ¶ Ang dalan sa tapulan maingon sa usa ka koral sa mga tunok; Apan ang dalan sa tawong matul-id gihimong usa ka halapad nga dalan |
| Chinese | 懶 惰 人 的 " 、 像 荊 棘 的 籬 笆 ． 正 直 人 的 路 、 是 平 坦 的 大 " 。 |
| Croatian | Put je ljenivèev kao glogov trnjak, a utrta je staza pravednika. |
| Danish | Den lades Vej er spærret af Tjørn, de flittiges Sti er banet. |
| Dutch | De weg des luiaards is als een doornheg; maar het pad der oprechten is welgebaand. |
| Finnish | Laiskan tie on kuin orjantappurapehko, mutta oikeamielisten polku on raivattu. |
| French | Le chemin du paresseux est comme une haie d`épines, Mais le sentier des hommes droits est aplani. |
| German | Der Weg des Faulen ist dornig; aber der Weg des Frommen ist wohl gebahnt. |
| Haitian Creole | ¶ Lè ou parese, ou wè pwoblèm toupatou. Men, pou moun ki pa pè travay, pa gen pwoblèm ki pou rete l'. |
| Hungarian | A restnek útja olyan, mint a tövises sövény; az igazaknak pedig útja megegyengetett. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Orang malas akan selalu mengalami kesukaran; orang jujur tidak menemui kesulitan. |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Bahwa jalan orang pemalas itu seperti pagar duri, tetapi jalan orang benar itu rata adanya. |
| Italian | La via del pigro è come una siepe di spine, la strada degli uomini retti è una strada appianata. |
| Korean | 게 으 른 자 의 길 은 가 시 울 타 리 같 으 나 직 한 자 의 길 은 대 로 니 라 |
| Maori | ¶ Ko te ara o te tangata mangere, ano he taiepa tataramoa; he ara nui ia to te tangata tika. |
| Norwegian | Den lates vei er som en tornehekk, men de opriktiges vei er ryddet. |
| Portuguese | O caminho do preguiçoso é como a sebe de espinhos; porém a vereda dos justos é uma estrada real. |
| Rumanian | Drumul lenewului este ca un hqyiw de spini, dar cqrarea celor fqrq prihanq este netezitq. - |
| Russian | рХФШ МЕОЙЧПЗП--ЛБЛ ФЕТОПЧЩК МЕФЕОШ, Б ХФШ ТБЧЕ"ОЩИ--ЗМБ"ЛЙК. |
| Spanish | El camino del perezoso es como cerco de espinas, pero la senda de los rectos es llana. |
| Swedish | Den lates stig är såsom spärrad av törne, men de redliga hava en banad stig. |
| Thai | ทางของคนเกียจคร้านเหมือนรั้วต้นไม้หนาม แต่วิถีของคนชอบธรรมเป็นทางหลวงราบเสมอ |
| Ukrainian | ¶ "орога лінивого то терновиння, а путь щирих дорога гладка. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "hedge": hedged, hedgehog, hedgehogs, hedgehop, hedgehopped, hedgehopper, hedgehoppers, hedgehopping, hedgehops, hedgepig, hedgepigs, hedger, hedgerow, hedgerows, hedgers, hedges. (additional references) | |
Words containing "hedge": unhedged. (additional references) | |
| |
"Hedge" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: hadg, hadge, havge, headg, hede, hedex, hedg, Hedgpeth, heedle, Hegde, hege, hegi, heldge, Helgo, henge, herdg, Hergen, Herget, hidage, hiege, hilge, hindge, Hkefg, hodgie, pedge, phedre, vedge. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "hedge" (pronounced he"j) |
| 2 | -e" j | allege, dredge, edge, fledge, ledge, pledge, sedge, sledge, wedge. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "d-e-e-g-h" | |
-1 letter: edge, geed, ghee, heed. | |
-2 letters: dee, edh, ged, gee. | |
-3 letters: de, ed, eh, he. | |
| Words containing the letters "d-e-e-g-h" | |
+1 letter: hedged, hedger, hedges. | |
+2 letters: egghead, hedgers, hedgier, heeding, hogweed, neighed, weighed. | |
+3 letters: dogteeth, eggheads, gathered, gheraoed, ghettoed, hardedge, headgate, headgear, hedgehog, hedgehop, hedgepig, hedgerow, hedgiest, hogweeds, hungered, rehanged, rehinged, sheepdog, sleighed, unhedged, weighted. | |
+4 letters: bedighted, beheading, benighted, bigheaded, delighted, delighter, eggheaded, englished, exchanged, freighted, greenhead, hardedges, headgates, headgears, hedgehogs, hedgehops, hedgepigs, hedgerows, inveighed, lightened, lightered, megadeath, pigheaded, rechanged, recharged, relighted, resighted, reweighed, roughened, sheepdogs, skreeghed, skreighed, tightened, toughened, unheeding, wheedling. | |
+5 letters: beheadings, beknighted, bighearted, bridgehead, brightened, challenged, deadweight, delighters, diphosgene, dischargee, figurehead, frightened, garnisheed, gesundheit, ghettoized, greenheads, heightened, hodgepodge, honeyguide, ingathered, lengthened, loggerhead, longheaded, megadeaths, megaphoned, neighbored, outweighed, regathered, reshingled, roughhewed, teethridge, unweighted, upgathered. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)48 65 64 67 65 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).... . -.. --. . |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001000 01100101 01100100 01100111 01100101 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)H e d g e |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0048 0065 0064 0067 0065 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)4271707371 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Sounds | 9. Quotations: Familiar 10. Quotations: Fiction 11. Quotations: Non-fiction 12. Usage Frequency | 13. Names: Frequency 14. Expressions 15. Expressions: Internet 16. Translations: Modern | 17. Translations: Ancient 18. Bible Trace 19. Derivations 20. Rhymes | 21. Anagrams 22. Orthography 23. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.
