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Definition: He |
HeNoun1. A very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas). 2. The 5th letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "He" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1010. (references) |
Note: He \He\ (h[=e]), pronoun [nominative He; possesive His(h[i^]z); obj. Him(h[i^]m); plural nominative They([th][=a]); possesive Theiror Theirs([th][^a]rz or [th][=a]rz); obj. Them([th][e^]m).]. (references) |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (July 29, 1883 - April 28, 1945) ruled Italy as a dictator from 1922 to 1943. He created an anti-democratic, fascist state through the use of propaganda; through total control of the media, he disassembled the existing democratic government system.
Early years
Mussolini was born in Predappio, near Forli, in Romagna. His father, Alessandro, was a blacksmith, and his mother, Rosa Maltoni, was a teacher. Like his father, Benito became a socialist and later a Marxist. He qualified as an elementary schoolmaster in 1901. In 1902 he emigrated to Switzerland. Unable to find a permanent job there and arrested for vagrancy, he was expelled and returned to Italy to do his military service. After further trouble with the police, he joined the staff of a newspaper in the Austrian town of Trento in 1908. At this time he wrote a novel, subsequently translated into English as The Cardinal's Mistress. Mussolini had a brother, Arnaldo, who became an important fascist theorist.
Birth of Fascism
Mussolini broke with the Socialists over the issue of Italy's entry into the First World War. In November, 1914, he founded a new newspaper, Il Popolo d'Italia, (The Italian People) and the prowar group Fasci d'Azione Rivoluzionaria. He coined the term fascism from the fasci carried by Roman magistrates. These were bundles of branches which when bound together were stronger than when they were apart — reflecting the intellectual debt that fascism owed to socialism. Mussolini claimed that it would help strengthen a relatively new nation (which had been united only in the 1860s in the Risorgimento), although some would say that, like Lenin, he wished for a collapse of society that would bring him to power. Italy was a member of the Triple Alliance, thereby allied with Imperial Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It did not join the war in 1914 but did in 1915 — as Mussolini wished — on the side of Britain and France.
Called up for military service, Mussolini was wounded in grenade practice in 1917 and returned to edit his paper. Fascism became an organized political movement following a meeting in Milan on March 23, 1919 (Mussolini founded the Fasci di Combattimento on February 23, however). After failing in the 1919 elections, Mussolini at last entered parliament in 1921 as a right-wing member. The Fascisti formed armed squads of war veterans to terrorize socialists and communists. The government seldom interfered. In return for the support of a group of industrialists and agrarians, Mussolini gave his approval (often active) to strikebreaking, and he abandoned revolutionary agitation. When the liberal governments of Giovanni Giolitti, Ivanoe Bonomi, and Luigi Facta failed to stop the spread of anarchy, and after Fascists had organised a demonstrative "Marcia su Roma" (October 28th 1922), Mussolini was invited by the king to form a new government. He became the youngest Premier in the history of Italy on October 31.
Mussolini's Fascist state, established nearly a decade before Hitler's rise to power, would provide a model for Hitler's later economic and political policies. Both a movement and a historical phenomenon, Italian Fascism was, in many respects, an adverse reaction to both the apparent failure of laissez-faire and fear of the left, although trends in intellectual history, such as the breakdown of positivism and the general fatalism of postwar Europe were also factors. Fascism was a product of a general feeling of anxiety and fear among the middle-class of postwar Italy, arising out of a convergence of interrelated economic, political, and cultural pressures.
Under the banner of this authoritarian and nationalistic ideology, Mussolini was able to exploit fears regarding the survival of capitalism in an era in which postwar depression, the rise of a more militant left, and a feeling of national shame and humiliation stemming from its 'mutilated victory' at the hands of the World War I peace treaties seemed to converge. Such unfulfilled nationalistic aspirations tainted the reputation of liberalism and constitutionalism among many sectors of the Italian population. In addition, such democratic institutions had never grown to become firmly rooted in the young nation-state. And as the same postwar depression heightened the allure of Marxism among an urban proletariat even more disenfranchised than their continental counterparts, fear regarding the growing strength of trade unionism, communism, and socialism proliferated among the elite and the middle class .
In a way, Benito Mussolini filled a vacuum. Fascism emerged as a "third way" — as Italy's last hope to avoid imminent collapse of 'weak' Italian liberalism or communist revolution. While failing to outline a coherent program, it evolved into new political and economic system that combined corporatism, totalitarianism, nationalism, and anti-communism in a state designed to bind all classes together under a capitalist system, but a new capitalist system in which the state seized control of the organization of vital industries. The appeal of this movement, the promise of a more orderly capitalism during an era of interwar depression, however, was not isolated to Italy, or even Europe.
Fascist Dictatorship
At first he was supported by the Liberals in parliament. With their help, he introduced strict censorship and altered the methods of election so that in 1925–1926 he was able to assume dictatorial powers and dissolve all other political parties. Skillfully using his absolute control over the press, he gradually built up the legend of the Il duce, a man who never slept, was always right, and could solve all the problems of politics and economics. Italy was soon a police state. With those who tried to resist him, for example the Socialist Giacomo Matteotti, he showed himself utterly ruthless. But Mussolini's skill in propaganda was such that he had surprisingly little opposition.
At various times after 1922, Mussolini personally took over the ministries of the interior, of foreign affairs, of the colonies, of the corporations, of the army and the other armed services, and of public works. Sometimes he held as many as seven departments simultaneously, as well as the premiership. He was also head of the all-powerful Fascist party (formed in 1921) and the armed Fascist militia. In this way he succeeded in keeping power in his own hands and preventing the emergence of any rival. But it was at the price of creating a regime that was overcentralized, inefficient, and corrupt.
Mussolini was a passionate public speakerMost of his time was spent on propaganda, whether at home or abroad, and here his training as a journalist was invaluable. Press, radio, education, films — all were carefully supervised to manufacture the illusion that fascism was the doctrine of the 20th century, replacing liberalism and democracy. The principles of this doctrine were laid down in the article on fascism, reputedly written by himself, that appeared in 1932 in the Enciclopedia Italiana. In 1929, a concordat with the Vatican was signed, by which the Italian state was at last recognized by the Roman Catholic Church, and the independence of Vatican City was recognized by the Italian state.
Under the dictatorship the parliamentary system was virtually abolished. The law codes were rewritten. All teachers in schools and universities had to swear an oath to defend the Fascist regime. Newspaper editors were all personally chosen by Mussolini himself, and no one could practice journalism who did not possess a certificate of approval from the Fascist party. The trade unions were also deprived of any independence and were integrated into what was called the "corporative" system. The aim (never completely achieved) was to place all Italians in various professional organizations or "corporations", all of them under governmental control.
Mussolini played up to his financial backers at first by transferring a number of industries from public to private ownership. But by the 1930s he had begun moving back to the opposite extreme of rigid governmental control of industry. A great deal of money was spent on public works, but the economy suffered from his strenous efforts to make Italy self-sufficient. There was too much concentration on heavy industry, for which Italy lacked the resources.
Military Aggression
In foreign policy, Mussolini soon shifted from pacifist anti-imperialism to an extreme form of aggressive nationalism. An early example of this was his bombardment of Corfu in 1923. Soon after this he succeeded in setting up a puppet regime in Albania and in reconquering Libya. It was his dream to make the Mediterranean "mare nostrum ("our sea). In 1935, at the Stresa Conference, he helped create an anti-Hitler front in order to defend the independence of Austria. But his successful war against Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in 1935–1936 was opposed by the League of Nations, and he sought an alliance with Nazi Germany, which had withdrawn from the League in 1933. His active intervention in 1936–1939 on the side of Franco in the Spanish Civil War ended any possibility of reconciliation with France and Britain. As a result, he had to accept the German annexation of Austria in 1938 and the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia in 1939. At the Munich Conference in September 1938 he posed as a moderate working for European peace. But his "axis with Germany was confirmed when he made the "Pact of Steel" with Hitler in May 1939. Clearly the subordinate partner, Mussolini followed the Nazis in adopting a racial policy that led to persecution of the Jews and the creation of apartheid in the Italian empire. However, he refused to allow Jews to be deported to concentration camps until Germany occupied Italy during the war. Members of TIGR, a Slovene anti-fascist group, plotted to kill Mussolini in Kobarid in 1938, but this was unsuccessful.
The Axis of Blood and Steel
The term "Axis Powers" was coined by Mussolini, in November 1936, when he spoke of a Rome-Berlin axis in reference to the treaty of friendship signed between Italy and Germany on October 25, 1936. Later, in May 1939, Mussolini would describe the relationship with Germany as a "Pact of Steel", something he had earlier referred to as a "Pact of Blood".
World War II
As World War II (WWII) approached, Mussolini announced his intention of annexing Malta, Corsica, and Tunis. He spoke of creating a "New Roman Empire" which would stretch from Libya to Palestine; and from Egypt to Kenya. In April 1939, after a brief war, he annexed Albania, a campaign which strained his military. His armed forces are generally considered to have been unprepared for combat when the German invasion of Poland led to World War II. Mussolini thus decided to remain "non-belligerent" until he was quite certain which side would win.
Mussolini with Hitler.On June 10, 1940, as the Germans under General Guderian reached the English Channel, Mussolini declared war on Britain and France. In October, Italy attacked Greece in what is generally seen as a failure. In June 1941, he declared war on the Soviet Union and in December he declared war on the United States.
See also: Italian military history of World War II
Following Italian defeats on all fronts and the Anglo-American landing in Sicily in 1943, most of Mussolini's colleagues (Count Galeazzo Ciano, the foreign minister and also Mussolini's son-in-law, included) turned against him at a meeting of the Fascist Grand Council on July 25, 1943. This enabled the king to dismiss and arrest him.
He was then sent to Gran Sasso, a mountain recovery in central Italy (Abruzzo), in complete isolation.
Mussolini was substituted by the Maresciallo d'Italia Gen. Pietro Badoglio, who immediately declared in a famous speech "La guerra continua a fianco dell'Alleato Germanico" ("War continues at the side of our German allies"), but was instead working to negotiate a surrender; in a few days (September the 8th) Badoglio would sign an armistice with allied troops.
Rescued by the Germans several months later in a spectacular raid by Otto Skorzeny, Mussolini set up a Republican Fascist state (RSI, Repubblica Sociale Italiana) in northern Italy with him living in Gargnano. But he was little more than a puppet under the protection of the German Army. In this "Republic of Salo'", Mussolini returned to his earlier ideas of socialism and collectivization. He also executed some of the Fascist leaders who had abandoned him, including his son-in-law, Galeazzo Ciano.
During this period he wrote his memoirs entitled My Rise and Fall.
On April 28, 1945, just before the Allied armies reached Milan, Mussolini, along with his mistress Claretta Petacci, was caught by Italian partisans as he headed for Chiavenna to board a plane for escape to Switzerland. They were both shot on the spot along with their sixteen-man escort. The next day the bodies were hung in Piazzale Loreto (Milan) along with those of other fascists to be abused by the crowds. Mussolini's body was then taken to Predappio and the family chapel.
The Duce was survived by his wife, Donna Rachele, by two sons, Vittorio and Romano Mussolini, and his daughter Edda, the widow of Count Ciano. A third son, Bruno, had been killed in an air accident while testing a military plane.
Mussolini's granddaughter Alessandra, daughter of Romano Mussolini, is currently a deputy in the Republican Chamber representing the Alleanza Nazionale party for Naples.
Quotes
- "Fascism should more properly be called corporatism, since it is the merger of state and corporate power"
- "Socialism is a fraud, a comedy, a phantom, a blackmail."
- "It's good to trust others but, not to do so is much better."
See also
- Adolf Hitler
- Fascism
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Benito Mussolini."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
This article is concerned solely with chemical explosives. There are many other varieties of more exotic explosive material, such as nuclear explosives and antimatter, and other methods of producing explosions, such as abrupt heating with a high-intensity laser or electrical arc.Any explosive material has the following characteristics:
- It is chemically or otherwise energetically unstable.
- The initiation produces a sudden expansion of the material accompanied by large changes in pressure (and typically also a flash or loud noise) which is called the explosion.
Classifications
Classification by type of explosion
Explosives are distinguished between high explosives, which detonate, and low explosives, which deflagrate:
Note that some explosive materials can fall into either category, according to how they are initiated. For example, nitrocellulose deflagrates if ignited, but detonates if initiated by a strong detonator.
- Low Explosives (Burns through deflagration rather than detonation wave, are usually a mixture, are initiated by heat and require confinement to create an explosion) and
- High Explosives (supersonic reaction, thus will explode without confinement, are compounds, initiated by shock or heat, high brisance). "Brisance" means the shattering effect of an explosion.
Classification by composition of the material
Mixtures of an oxidizer and a fuel
Chemically pure compounds, often mixed with stabilizers
- gunpowder: potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulfur
- ammonal : ammonium nitrate and aluminium powder.
- ANFO: ammonium nitrate and fuel oil.
- cheddites : chlorates or perchlorates and oil
- dynamite : nitroglycerin mixed into a paste with powdered silica, which acts as a stabilizer.
- RDX, PETN : very strong explosives which can be used pure.
- TNT
- C-4: plastic explosive. Adhesive properties.
Classification by sensitivity of the material
Explosives are classified by their sensitivity, which is the amount of energy to initiate the reaction. This energy can be anything, from a shock, an impact, a friction, an electrical discharge, or the detonation of another explosive. There are two basic divisions on sensitivity:Primary Explosives
They are extremely sensitive and require a small quantity of energy to be initiated. They are mainly used in detonators to initiate secondary explosives (Examples: tetryl, Lead azide, Mercury fulminate, lead styphnate, tetrazene, hexanitromannitol).
Secondary Explosives
They are relatively insensitive and need a great amount of energy to initiate decomposition. They have much more power than primary explosives and are used in demolition. The require a detonator to explode. (Examples: Dynamite, TNT, RDX, PETN, HMX, ammonium nitrate, tetryl, picric acid, nitrocellulose, gelignite)
Detonation
Also called an initiation sequence or a firing train, this is the sequence of events which cascade from relatively low levels of energy to cause a chain reaction to initiate the final explosive material or main charge. They can be either low or high explosive trains. Low explosive trains are something like a bullet - Primer and a propellant charge. High explosives trains can be more complex, either Two-Step (e.g. Detonator and Dynamite) or Three-Step (e.g. Detonator, Booster and ANFO). Detonators are often made from tetryl.
Characteristics of Explosions
Explosive force is released at 90 degree angles from the surface of an explosive. If the surface is cut or shaped the explosive forces can be focused directionally, and will produce a greater effect. This is known as a shaped charge.
The following extensive text is from a U.S. navy public domain document, namely
- Fundamentals of Naval Weapons Systems, Chapter 12, by the Weapons and Systems Engineering Deptartment of the United States Naval Academy
Chemical Explosive Reaction
A chemical explosive is a compound or mixture which, upon the application of heat or shock, decomposes or rearranges with extreme rapidity, yielding much gas and heat. Many substances not ordinarily classed as explosives may do one, or even two, of these things. For example, a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen can be made to react with great rapidity and yield the gaseous product nitric oxide; yet the mixture is not an explosive since it does not evolve heat, but rather absorbs heat.
For a chemical to be an explosive, it must exhibit all of the following:
- N2 + O2 → 2NO - 43,200 calories
- Formation of gases
- Evolution of heat
- Rapidity of reaction
- Initiation of reaction
Formation of Gases
Gases may be evolved from substances in a variety of ways. When wood or coal is burned in the atmosphere, the carbon and hydrogen in the fuel combine with the oxygen in the atmosphere to form carbon dioxide and steam, together with flame and smoke. When the wood or coal is pulverized, so that the total surface in contact with the oxygen is increased, and burned in a furnace or forge where more air can be supplied, the burning can be made more rapid and the combustion more complete. When the wood or coal is immersed in liquid oxygen or suspended in air in the form of dust, the burning takes place with explosive violence. In each case, the same action occurs: a burning combustible forms a gas.
Evolution of Heat
The generation of heat in large quantities accompanies every explosive chemical reaction. It is this rapid liberation of heat that causes the gaseous products of reaction to expand and generate high pressures. This rapid generation of high pressures of the released gas constitutes the explosion. It should be noted that the liberation of heat with insufficient rapidity will not cause an explosion. For example, although a pound of coal yields five times as much heat as a pound of nitroglycerin, the coal cannot be used as an explosive because the rate at which it yields this heat is quite slow.
Rapidity of Reaction
Rapidity of reaction distinguishes the explosive reaction from an ordinary combustion reaction by the great speed with which it takes place. Unless the reaction occurs rapidly, the thermally expanded gases will be dissipated in the medium, and there will be no explosion. Again, consider a wood or coal fire. As the fire burns, there is the evolution of heat and the formation of gases, but neither is liberated rapidly enough to cause an explosion.
Initiation of Reaction
A reaction must be capable of being initiated by the application of shock or heat to a small portion of the mass of the explosive material. A material in which the first three factors exist cannot be accepted as an explosive unless the reaction can be made to occur when desired.
Categories Of Chemical Explosives
Explosives are classified as low or high explosives according to their rates of decomposition. Low explosives burn rapidly (or deflagrate). High explosives ordinarily detonate. There is no sharp line of demarcation between low and high explosives. The chemical decomposition of an explosive may take years, days, hours, or a fraction of a second. The slower forms of decomposition take place in storage and are of interest only from a stability standpoint. Of more interest are the two rapid forms of decomposition, burning and detonation. The term "detonation" is used to describe an explosive phenomenon of almost instantaneous decomposition. The properties of the explosive indicate the class into which it falls. In some cases explosives may be made to fall into either class by the conditions under which they are initiated. For convenience, low and high explosives may be differentiated in the following manner.
Low Explosives
These are normally employed as propellants. They undergo autocombustion at rates that vary from a few centimeters per second to approximately 400 meters per second. Included in this group are smokeless powders, which will be discussed in a later chapter, and pyrotechnics such as flares and illumination devices.
High Explosives
These are normally employed in warheads. They undergo detonation at rates of 1,000 to 8,500 meters per second. High explosives are conventionally subdivided into two classes and differentiated by sensitivity:
- Primary. These are extremely sensitive to shock, friction, and heat. They will burn rapidly or detonate if ignited.
- Secondary. These are relatively insensitive to shock, friction, and heat. They may burn when ignited in small, unconfined quantities; detonation occurs otherwise.
Characteristics Of Military Explosives
To determine the suitability of an explosive substance for military use, its physical properties must first be investigated. The usefulness of a military explosive can only be appreciated when these properties and the factors affecting them are fully understood. Many explosives have been studied in past years to determine their suitability for military use and most have been found wanting. Several of those found acceptable have displayed certain characteristics that are considered undesirable and, therefore, limit their usefulness in military applications. The requirements of a military explosive are stringent, and very few explosives display all of the characteristics necessary to make them acceptable for military standardization. Some of the more important characteristics are discussed below:
Availability and Cost
In view of the enormous quantity demands of modern warfare, explosives must be produced from cheap raw materials that are nonstrategic and available in great quantity. In addition, manufacturing operations must be reasonably simple, cheap, and safe.
Sensitivity
Regarding an explosive, this refers to the ease with which it can be ignited or detonated--i.e.,the amount and intensity of shock, friction, or heat that is re- quired. When the term sensitivity is used, care must be taken to clarify what kind of sensitivity is under discussion. The relative sensitivity of a given explosive to impact may vary greatly from is sensitivity to friction or heat. Some of the test methods used to determine sensitivity are as follows:
Sensitivity is an important consideration in selecting an explosive for a particular purpose. The explosive in an armor-piercing projectile must be relatively insensitive, or the shock of impact would cause it to detonate before it penetrated to the point desired.
- Impact--Sensitivity is expressed in terms of the distance through which a standard weight must be dropped to cause the material to explode.
- Friction--Sensitivity is expressed in terms of what occurs when a weighted pendulum scrapes across the material (snaps, crackles, ignites, and/or explodes).
- Heat--Sensitivity is expressed in terms of the temperature at which flashing or explosion of the material occurs.
Stability
Stability is the ability of an explosive to be stored without deterioration. The following factors affect the stability of an explosive:
- Chemical constitution--The very fact that some common chemical compounds can undergo explosion when heated indicates that there is something unstable in their structures. While no precise explanation has been developed for this, it is generally recognized that certain groups, nitro dioxide (NO2), nitrate (NO3), and azide (N3), are intrinsically in a condition of internal strain. Increased strain through heating can cause a sudden disruption of the molecule and consequent explosion. In some cases, this condition of molecular instability is so great that decomposition takes place at ordinary temperatures.
- Temperature of storage--The rate of decomposition of explosives increases at higher temperatures. All of the standard military explosives may be considered to be of a high order of stability at temperatures of -10° to +35°C, but each has a high temperature at which the rate of decomposition becomes rapidly accelerated and stability is reduced. As a rule of thumb, most explosives becomes dangerously unstable at temperatures exceeding 70°C.
- Exposure to sun--If exposed to the ultraviolet rays of the sun, many explosive compounds that contain nitrogen groups will rapidly decompose, affecting their stability.
Power
The term power (or more properly, performance) as it is applied to an explosive refers to its ability to do work. In practice it is defined as its ability to accomplish what is intended in the way of energy delivery (i.e., fragments, air blast, high-velocity jets, underwater bubble energy, etc.). Explosive power or performance is evaluated by a tailored series of tests to assess the material for its intended use. Of the test listed below, cylinder expansion and air-blast tests are common to most testing programs, and the others support specific uses.
The RBE may be defined as
- Cylinder expansion test--A standard amount of explosive is loaded in a cylinder usually manufactured of copper. Data is collected concerning the rate of radial expansion of the cylinder and maximum cylinder wall velocity. This also establishes the Gurney constant or 2E.
- Cylinder fragmentation test--A standard steel cylinder is charged with explosive and fired in a sawdust pit. The fragments are collected and the size distribution analyzed.
- Detonation pressure (Chapman-Jouget)--Detonation pressure data derived from measurements of shock waves transmitted into water by the detonation of cylindrical explosive charges of a standard size.
- Determination of critical diameter--This test establishes the minimum physical size a charge of a specific explosive must be to sustain its own detonation wave. The procedure involves the detonation of a series of charges of different diameters until difficulty in detonation wave propagation is observed.
- Infinite diameter detonation velocity--Detonation velocity is dependent on landing density (c), charge diameter, and grain size. The hydrodynamic theory of detonation used in predicting explosive phenomena does not include diameter of the charge, and therefore a detonation velocity, for an imaginary charge of infinite diameter. This procedure requires a series of charges of the same density and physical structure, but different diameters, to be fired and the resulting detonation velocities interpolated to predict the detonation velocity of a charge of infinite diameter.
- Pressure versus scaled distance--A charge of specific size is detonated and its pressure effects measured at a standard distance. The values obtained are compared with that for TNT.
- Impulse versus scaled distance--A charge of specific size is detonated and its impulse (the area under the pressure-time curve) measured versus distance. The results are tabulated and expressed in TNT equivalent.
- Relative bubble energy (RBE)--A 5- to 50-kg charge is detonated in water and piezoelectric gauges are used to measure peak pressure, time constant, impulse, and energy.
Kx 3
RBE = Ks
where K = bubble expansion period for experimental (x) or standard (s) charge.
Brisance
In addition to strength, explosives display a second characteristic, which is their shattering effect or brisance (from the French meaning to "break"), which is distinguished form their total work capacity. This characteristic is of practical importance in determining the effectiveness of an explosion in fragmenting shells, bomb casings, grenades, and the like. The rapidity with which an explosive reaches its peak pressure is a measure of its brisance. Brisance values are primarily employed in France and the Soviet Union.
Density
Density of loading refers to the unit weight of an explosive per unit volume. Several methods of loading are available, and the one used is determined by the characteristics of the explosive. The methods available include pellet loading, cast loading, or press loading. Dependent upon the method employed, an average density of the loaded charge can be obtained that is within 80-95% of the theoretical maximum density of the explosive. High load density can reduce sensitivity by making the mass more resistant to internal friction. If density is increased to the extent that individual crystals are crushed, the explosive will become more sensitive. Increased load density also permits the use of more explosive, thereby increasing the strength of the warhead.
Volatility
Volatility, or the readiness with which a substance vaporizes, is an undesirable characteristic in military explosives. Explosives must be no more than slightly volatile at the temperature at which they are loaded or at their highest storage temperature. Excessive volatility often results in the development of pressure within rounds of ammunition and separation of mixtures into their constituents. Stability, as mentioned before, is the ability of an explosive to stand up under storage conditions without deteriorating. Volatility affects the chemical composition of the explosive such that a marked reduction in stability may occur, which results in an increase in the danger of handling. Maximum allowable volatility is 2 ml. of gas evolved in 48 hours.
Hygroscopicity
The introduction of moisture into an explosive is highly undesirable since it reduces the sensitivity, strength, and velocity of detonation of the explosive. Hygroscopicity is used as a measure of a material's moisture-absorbing tendencies. Moisture affects explosives adversely by acting as an inert material that absorbs heat when vaporized, and by acting as a solvent medium that can cause undesired chemical reactions. Sensitivity, strength, and velocity of detonation are reduced by inert materials that reduce the continuity of the explosive mass. When the moisture content evaporates during detonation, cooling occurs, which reduces the temperature of reaction. Stability is also affected by the presence of moisture since moisture promotes decomposition of the explosive and, in addition, causes corrosion of the explosive's metal container. For all of these reasons, hygroscopicity must be negligible in military explosives.
Toxicity
Due to their chemical structure, most explosives are toxic to some extent. Since the effect of toxicity may vary from a mild headache to serious damage of internal organs, care must be taken to limit toxicity in military explosives to a minimum. Any explosive of high toxicity is unacceptable for military use.
Measurement Of Chemical Explosive Reaction
The development of new and improved types of ammunition requires a continuous program of research and development. Adoption of an explosive for a particular use is based upon both proving ground and service tests. Before these tests, however, preliminary estimates of the characteristics of the explosive are made. The principles of thermochemistry are applied for this process.
Thermochemistry is concerned with the changes in internal energy, principally as heat, in chemical reactions. An explosion consists of a series of reactions, highly exo-thermic, involving decomposition of the ingredients and recombination to form the products of explosion. Energy changes in explosive reactions are calculated either from known chemical laws or by analysis of the products.
For most common reactions, tables based on previous investigations permit rapid calculation of energy changes. Products of an explosive remaining in a closed calorimetric bomb (a constant-volume explosion) after cooling the bomb back to room temperature and pressure are rarely those present at the instant of maximum temperature and pressure. Since only the final products may be analyzed conveniently, indirect or theoretical methods are often used to determine the maximum temperature and pressure values.
Some of the important characteristics of an explosive that can be determined by such theoretical computations are:
- Oxygen balance
- Heat of explosion or reaction
- Volume of products of explosion
- Potential of the explosive
Oxygen Balance (OB%)
Oxygen balance is an expression that is used to indicate the degree to which an explosive can be oxidized. If an explosive molecule contains just enough oxygen to convert all of its carbon to carbon dioxide, all of its hydrogen to water, and all of its metal to metal oxide with no excess, the molecule is said to have a zero oxygen balance. The molecule is said to have a positive oxygen balance if it contains more oxygen than is needed and a negative oxygen balance if it contains less oxygen than is needed. The sensitivity, strength, and brisance of an explosive are all somewhat dependent upon oxygen balance and tend to approach their maximums as oxygen balance approaches zero.
The oxygen balance (OB) is calculated from the empirical formula of a compound in percentage of oxygen required for complete conversion of carbon to carbon dioxide, hydrogen to water, and metal to metal oxide.
The procedure for calculating oxygen balance in terms of 100 grams of the explosive material is to determine the number of gram atoms of oxygen that are excess or deficient for 100 grams of a compound.
- 1600 Y
OB (%) = Mol. Wt. of Compound 2X + 2 + M - Z
where
X = number of atoms of carbon, Y = number of atoms of hydrogen, Z = number of atoms of oxygen, and M = number of atoms of metal (metallic oxide produced).
In the case of TNT (C6H2(NO2)3CH3),
Molecular weight = 227.1
X = 7 (number of carbon atoms)
Y = 5 (number of hydrogen atoms)
Z = 6 (number of oxygen atoms)
Therefore
OB (%) = -1600 [14 + 2.5 - 6]
227.1 = - 74% for TNT
Because sensitivity, brisance, and strength are properties resulting from a complex explosive chemical reaction, a simple relationship such as oxygen balance cannot be depended upon to yield universally consistent results. When using oxygen balance to predict properties of one explosive relative to another, it is to be expected that one with an oxygen balance closer to zero will be the more brisant, powerful, and sensitive; however, many exceptions to this rule do exist. More complicated predictive calculations, such as those discussed in the next section, result in more accurate predictions.
One area in which oxygen balance can be applied is in the processing of mixtures of explosives. The family of explosives called amatols are mixtures of ammonium nitrate and TNT. Ammonium nitrate has an oxygen balance of +20% and TNT has an oxygen balance of -74%, so it would appear that the mixture yielding an oxygen balance of zero would also result in the best explosive properties. In actual practice a mixture of 80% ammonium nitrate and 20% TNT by weight yields an oxygen balance of +1%, the best properties of all mixtures, and an increase in strength of 30% over TNT.
Table 12-2. Order of Priorities Priority Composition of Explosive Products of Decomposition 1 A metal and chlorine Metallic chloride(solid) 2 Hydrogen and chlorine HCL (gaseous) 3 A metal and oxygen Metallic oxide (solid) 4 Carbon and oxygen CO (gaseous) 5 Hydrogen and oxygen H2O (gaseous) 6 CO and oxygen CO2 (gaseous) 7 Nitrogen N2 (elemental) 8 Excess oxygen O2 (elemental) 9 Excess hydrogen H2 (elemental) In explosive technology only materials that are exothermic--that is, have a heat of reaction that causes net liberation of heat--are of interest. Hence, in this text, heats of reaction are virtually all positive. Since reactions may occur either under conditions of constant pressure or constant volume, the heat of reaciton can be expressed at constant pressure or at constant volume. It is this heat of reaction that may be properly expressed as "heat of the explosion."
Balancing Chemical Explosion Equations
In order to assist in balancing chemical equations, an order of priorities is presented in table 12-2. Explosives containing C, H, O, and N and/or a metal will form the products of reaction in the priority sequence shown. Some observation you might want to make as you balance an equation:
Example
- The progression is from top to bottom; you may skip steps that are not applicable, but you never back up.
- At each separate step there are never more than two compositions and two products.
- At the conclusion of the balancing, elemental forms, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen, are always found in diatomic form.
Using the order of priorities in table 12-1, priority 4 gives the first reaction products:
- TNT:C6H2(NO2)3CH3; constituents: 7C + 5H + 3N + 6O
Next, since all the oxygen has been combined with the carbon to form CO, priority 7 results in:
- 7C + 6O → 6CO with one mol of carbon remaining
Finally, priority 9 results in: 5H > 2.5H2
- 3N → 1.5N2
The balanced equation, showing the products of reaction resulting from the detonation of TNT is:
Notice that partial moles are permitted in these calculations. The number of moles of gas formed is 10. The product, carbon, is a solid.
- C6H2(NO2)3CH3 → 6CO + 2.5H2 + 1.5N2 + C
Volume of Products of Explosion
The law of Avogadro states that equal volumes of all gases under the same conditions of temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules. From this law, it follows that the molecular volume of one gas is equal to the molecular volume of any other gas. The molecular volume of any gas at 0°C and under normal atmospheric pressure is very nearly 22.4 liters or 22.4 cubic decimeters. Thus, considering the nitroglycerin reaction.
the explosion of one gram molecule of nitroglycerin produces in the gaseous state: 3 gram molecules of CO2; 2.5 gram molecules of O2. Since a molecular volume is the volume of one gram molecule of gas, one gram molecule of nitroglycerin produces 3 + 2.5 + 1.5 + .25 = 7.25 molecular volumes of gas; and these molecular volumes at 0°C and atmospheric pressure form an actual volume of 7.25 X 22.4 = 162.4 liters of gas. (Note that the products H2O and CO2 are in their gaseous form.)
- C3H5(NO3)3 → 3CO2 + 2.5H2O + 1.5N2 + .25O2
Based upon this simple beginning, it can be seen that the volume of the products of explosion can be predicted for any quantity of the explosive. Further, by employing Charles' Law for perfect gases, the volume of the products of explosion may also be calculated for any given temperature. This law states that at a constant pressure a perfect gas expands 1/273 of its volume at 0°C, for each degree of rise in temperature.
Therefore, at 15°C the molecular volume of any gas is,
Thus, at 15°C the volume of gas produced by the explosive decomposition of one gram molecule of nitroglycerin becomes
- V15 = 22.4 (1 + 15/273) = 23.63 liters per mol
- V = 23.63 l (7.25 mol) = 171.3 liters/mol
Potential and Relative Strength of the Explosive
The potential of an explosive is the total work that can be performed by the gas resulting from its explosion, when expanded adiabatically from its original volume, until its pressure is reduced to atmospheric pressure and its temperature to 15°C. The potential is therefore the total quantity of heat given off at constant volume when expressed in equivalent work units and is a measure of the strength of the explosive.
An explosion may occur under two general conditions: the first, unconfined, as in the open air where the pressure (atmospheric) is constant; the second, confined, as in a closed chamber where the volume is constant. The same amount of heat energy is liberated in each case, but in the unconfined explosion, a certain amount is used as work energy in pushing back the surrounding air, and therefore is lost as heat. In a confined explosion, where the explosive volume is small (such as occurs in the powder chamber of a firearm), practically all the heat of explosion is conserved as useful energy. If the quantity of heat liberated at constant volume under adiabatic conditions is calculated and converted from heat units to equivalent work units, the potential or capacity for work results.
Therefore, if
Qmp represents the total quantity of heat given off by a gram molecule of explosive of 15°C and constant pressure (atmospheric);
Qmv represents the total heat given off by a gram molecule of explosive at 15°C and constant volume;and
W represents the work energy expended in pushing back the surrounding air in an unconfined explosion and thus is not available as net theoretical heat;
Then, because of the conversion of energy to work in the constant pressure case,
from which the value of Qmv may be determined. Subsequently, the potential of a gram mol of an explosive may be calculated. Using this value, the potential for any other weight of explosive may be determined by simple proportion.
- Qmv = Qmp + W
Using the principle of the initial and final state, and heat of formation table (resulting from experimental data), the heat released at constant pressure may be readily calculated.
m n
Qmp = viQfi - vkQfk
1 1
where:
Qfi = heat of formation of product i at constant pressure
Qfk = heat of formation of reactant k at constant pressure
v = number of mols of each product/reactants (m is the number of products and n the number of reactants)
The work energy expended by the gaseous products of detonation is expressed by:
With pressure constant and negligible initial volume, this expression reduces to:
- W = Pdv
Since heats of formation are calculated for standard atmospheric pressure (10.132 × 104N/m2) and 15°C, V2 is the volume occupied by the product gases under these conditions. At this point
- W = PV2
W = 10.132 × 104 N )(23.63 l )(Nmol)
m2 mol
and by applying the appropriate conversion factors, work is determined in units of kcal/mol.
W = (10.132 × 104 N)(23.63 l )(Nmol)(10-3m3
m2 mol l
Joules 1 Kcal
Newton-meter 4185 Joules
Consolidating terms:
W = (.572)(Nmol) Kcal mol
Once the chemical reaction has been balanced, one can calculate the volume of gas produced and the work of expansion. With this completed, the calculations necessary to determine potential may be accomplished.
For TNT:
with Nm = 10 mols
- C6H2(NO2)3CH3 → 6CO + 2.5H2 + 1.5N2 + C
Then:
Note: Elements in their natural state (H2, O2, N2, C, et,.) are used as the basis for heat of formation tables and are assigned a value of zero. See table 12-2.
- Qmp = 6(26.43) (+16.5) = 142.08 Kcal mol
As previously stated, Qmv converted to equivalent work units is the potential of the explosive. (MW = Molecular Weight of Explosive)
- Qmv = 142.08 + .572(10) = 147.8 Kcal mol
Potential = Qmv Kcal 4185 J 103g 1mol
mol Kcal Kg MW gm
Potential = Qmv (4.185 × 106) Joules
MW Kg
For TNT,
Potential = 147.8 (4.185 × 106) = 2.72 × 106 J
227.1 Kg
Rather than tabulate such large numbers, in the field of explosives, TNT is taken as the standard explosive, and others are assigned strengths relative to that of TNT. The potential of TNT has been calculated above to be 2.72 × 106 Joules/kg. Relative strength (RS) may be expressed as
- R.S. = Potential of Explosive/(2.72 × 106)
Example of Thermochemical Calculations
The PETN reaction will be examined as an example of thermo-chemical calculations.
(1) Balance the chemical reaction equation. Using table 12-1, priority 4 gives the first reaction products:
- PETN: C(CH2ONO2)4
- MW = 316.15 Heat of Formation = 119.4 Kcal/mol
Next, the hydrogen combines with remaining oxygen:
- 5C + 12O → 5CO + 7O
Then the remaining oxygen will combine with the CO to form CO and CO2.
- 8H + 7O → 4H2O + 3O
Finally the remaining nitrogen forms in its natural state (N2).
- 5CO + 3O → 2CO + 3CO2
The balanced reaction equation is:
- 4N → 2N2
(2) Determine the number of molecular volumes of gas per gram molecule. Since the molecular volume of one gas is equal to the molecular volume of any other gas, and since all the products of the PETN reaction are gaseous, the re-sulting number of molecular volumes of gas (Nm) is:
- C(CH2ONO2)4 → 2CO + 4H2O + 3CO2 + 2N2
(3) Determine the potential (capacity for doing work). If the total heat liberated by an explosive under constant volume conditions (Qm) is converted to the equivalent work units, the result is the potential of that explosive.
- Nm = 2 + 4 + 3 + 2 = 11 mol-volume/mol
The heat liberated at constant volume (Qmv) is equivalent to the liberated at constant pressure (Qmp) plus that heat converted to work in expanding the surrounding medium. Hence, Qmv = Qmp + Work (converted).
where: Qf = Heat of Formation (see table 12-2)
- a. Qmp = Qfi (products) - Qfk (reactants)
For the PETN reaction:
(If the compound produced a metallic oxide, that heat of formation would be included in Qmp.
- Qmp = 2(26.43) + 4(57.81) + 3(94.39) - (119.4) = 447.87 Kcal/mol
As previously stated, Qmv converted to equivalent work units is taken as the potential of the explosive.
- b. Work = .572(Nm) = .572(11) = 6.292 Kcal/mol
c. Potential J = Qmv (4.185 × 106
Kg MW = 454.16 (4.185 × 106)
316.15 = 6.01 × 106 J
Kg
This product may then be used to find the relative strength of PETN, which is
- e. RS = Pot (PETN = 6.01 × 106 = 2.21 Pot (TNT) 2.72 × 106
References/Bibliography
Army Research Office. Elements of Armament Engineering (Part One). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Material Command, 1964.
Commander, Naval Ordnance Systems Command. Safety and Performance Tests for Qualification of Explosives. NAVORD OD 44811. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1972.
Commander, Naval Ordnance Systems Command. Weapons Systems Fundamentals. NAVORD OP 3000, vol. 2, 1st Rev. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1971.
Departments of the Army and Air Force. Military Explosives. Washington, D.C.: 1967.
Also see:
- Explosives used during WW II
- shaped charge
- weapon
- nuclear weapon
External links:
- http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/fun/part12.htm
- http://www.roguesci.org
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Explosive material."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
He can mean:
- The element Helium.
- A Chinese family name represented by the character 何.
- An English pronoun.
- Higher Education (HE)
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "He."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Helium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol He and atomic number 2. A colorless, odorless noble gas, helium has the lowest boiling point of any element and can only be solidified under great pressure. This element occurs as a monoatomic gas, is for practical purposes chemically inert, and is the second most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen. It is found in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts from the decay of certain minerals and is present in some mineral waters. Helium occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases and is used as a lifting gas for balloons and blimps, as a cryogenic cooling liquid for superconducting magnets and as a filler gas for deep-sea diving.
Hydrogen - Helium
He
Ne
Full tableGeneral Name, Symbol, Number Helium, He, 2 Chemical series Noble gases Group, Period, Block 18 (VIIIA), 1, p Density, Hardness 0.1785 kg/m3, N/A Appearance colorless Atomic Properties Atomic weight 4.002602 amu Atomic radius (calc.) no data (31) pm Covalent radius 32 pm van der Waals radius 140 pm Electron configuration 1s2 e- 's per energy level 2 Oxidation states (Oxide) 0 (unknown) Crystal structure hexagonal Physical Properties State of matter gas Melting point 0.95 K (-458 °F) Boiling point 4.22 K (-452.07 °F) Molar volume 21.0 ×1010-3 m3/mol Heat of vaporization 0.0845 kJ/mol Heat of fusion 5.23 kJ/mol Vapor pressure not applicable Speed of sound 970 m/s at 293.15 K Miscellaneous Electronegativity no data (Pauling scale) Specific heat capacity 5193 J/(kg*K) Electrical conductivity no data Thermal conductivity 0.152 W/(m*K) 1st ionization potential 2372.3 kJ/mol 2nd ionization potential 5250.5 kJ/mol Most Stable Isotopes
iso NA half-life DM DE MeV DP 3He 0.000137% He is stable with 1 neutron 4He 99.999863% He is stable with 2 neutrons 6He {syn.} 806.7 ms &beta- 3.508 6Li SI units & STP are used except where noted. Notable Characteristics
Under standard temperature and pressure helium exists only as a monatomic gas. Helium condenses only under very extreme conditions.
It has the lowest melting point of any element and is the only liquid that can't be solidified by lowering its temperature; remaining liquid all the way to absolute zero at standard pressure (it can only be solidified by increasing the pressure). In fact, the critical temperature, above which there is no difference between the liquid and gaseous phases, is only 5.19 K. Solid He-3 and He-4 are unique in that by applying pressure a researcher can change their volumes by more than 30%. The specific heat capacity of helium gas is very high and helium vapor is very dense, expanding rapidly when it is warmed to room temperature.
Solid helium only exists at great pressures, around 100 MPa at 15 K, and at roughly this temperature helium undergoes a transition between high temperature and low temperature forms, in which the atoms have cubic and hexagonal close packings, respectively. At a fraction of the temperature and pressure a third form occurs where the atoms have a body-centered cubic arrangement. All these arrangements are fairly similar in energy and density, and the reasons for the changes have to do with the details of how the atoms interact.
Applications
It is often used as a lifting gas in lighter-than-air vessels which in turn are used for advertising, atmospheric research, military reconnaissance and as a novelty. In addition, helium has 92.64% of the lifting power of hydrogen but is not flammable and is therefore considered safer. Other uses;
Liquid helium is finding increasing use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the medical uses for MRI technology increase.
- Helium-oxygen atmospheres are used in high-pressure breathing work such as deep diving suits or submersibles because helium is inert, less soluble in blood than nitrogen, and diffuses 2.5 times faster than nitrogen. This reduces the time required for degassing on decompression, eliminates the danger of nitrogen narcosis, and is less likely to collect as bubbles in joints.
- It has the lowest melting and boiling points of any element which makes liquid helium an ideal coolant for many extremely low-temperature applications such as superconducting magnets and cryogenic research where temperatures close to absolute zero are needed.
- Helium is also used as an inert carrier gas, such as in gas chromatography.
- The fusion of hydrogen into helium provides the energy needed for the hydrogen bomb.
- It is also used for; pressuring liquid fuel rockets, as an inert gas shield for arc welding, as a protective gas for growing silicon and germanium crystals, as a cooling agent for nuclear reactors, and as a gas for supersonic wind tunnels.
History
Helium (Greek helios meaning "the sun") was discovered by Frenchman Pierre Janssen and Englishman Norman Lockyer working independently of each other in 1868. Both men were studying light from the sun during a solar eclipse that year and spectroscopically found an emission line of a previously unknown element. Eduard Frankland confirmed Janssen's findings and also proposed that the element should named after Helios, the Greek god of the sun, with the added suffix -ium because the new element was expected to be a metal. It was isolated by Sir William Ramsay in 1895, from clevite and conclusively found to not be a metal, but the name was unchanged. Swedish chemists Nils Langlet and Per Theodor Cleve, working independently of Ramsay, also were able to isolate helium from clevite at about the same time.
In 1907 Ernest Rutherford and Thomas Royds were able to show that alpha particles are helium nuclei. In 1908 Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes produced the first liquid helium by cooling the gas to 0.9°K, a feat that earned him a Nobel Prize. In 1926 his student Willem Hendrik Keesom was the first person to solidify helium.
Occurrence
Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen and forms about 20 percent of the matter in stars. It is also plays an important role in both the proton-proton reaction and the carbon cycle in stars which accounts for much of their energy. The abundance of helium is far too large to be explained by production by stars, but is consistent with the big bang model, and the vast majority of helium in the universe is believed to have been formed in the first three minutes of the universe.
This element is also present in earth's atmosphere at about 1 part in 200,000 and is found as a decay product in various radioactive minerals. Specifically, it is found in minerals of uranium and thorium, such as clevites, pitchblende, carnotite, monazite and beryl; it is produced from these elements by radioactive decay in the form of alpha particles. It is also found in some mineral waters (1 part helium per thousand water in some Iceland springs), in volcanic gases, and in certain natural gas deposits in the United States (from which most of the commercial helium on Earth is derived). Helium can be synthesized by bombardment of lithium or boron by high-velocity protons.
Compounds
Helium is the first of the noble gases and is chemically unreactive for practical purposes but under the influence of electric glow discharge or electron bombardment helium does form compounds with tungsten, iodine, fluorine, sulfur and phosphorus.
Isotopes
The most common isotope of helium is He-4, where the nucleus has two protons and two neutrons. This is an unusually stable nuclear arrangement since it has a magic number of nucleons, that is, a number where they are arranged into complete shells. Many heavier nuclei decay by the emission of He-4 nuclei, a process called alpha decay, and helium nuclei are thus called alpha particles. Most of the helium on earth is generated by this process. Helium has a second isotope, helium-3, where the nucleus only has a single neutron, as well as several heavier isotopes that are radioactive. Helium-3 is virtually unknown on the Earth's surface, as the internal sources of helium only produce the He-4 isotope as alpha particles and atmospheric helium escapes into space over relatively short geological timescales.
Both helium-3 and helium-4 were produced in the Big Bang, and after hydrogen helium is the second most abundant element in the universe. Additional helium is produced by the fusion of hydrogen inside stellar cores, via a process called the proton-proton chain.
Forms
Liquid helium (He-4) is found in two forms: He-4 I and He-4 II, which share a sharp transition point at 2.1768 K at its vapor pressure. He-4 I (above this point) is a normal liquid, but He-4-II (below this temperature) is unlike any other known substance.
As it is cooled past 2.1768 K at its vapor pressure, the so-called lambda point, it becomes a superfluid known as liquid Helium II (as opposed to "normal" liquid Helium I) which has many unusual characteristics due to quantum effects; it was one of the first observed examples of quantum effects operating on a macroscopic scale. This transition takes place at much lower temperatures in Helium-3 than it does in Helium-4, as the effect relies on condensation of bosons but the nuclei of the former are fermions, which can't condense individually but must do so in bosonic pairs. Since the transformation is one of higher order, without latent heat at the lambda point, the two liquid forms never coexist.
Helium II has zero viscosity and has a heat conductivity much higher than any other substance. Furthermore, helium II exhibits a thermomechanical (fountain) effect; if two vessels containing helium II are connected by a narrow capillary and one of the two is heated a flow of helium toward the heated vessel will occur. Conversely, in the mechanocaloric effect, a forced flow of helium II through a capillary will result in cooling of the helium II leaving the capillary. Pulses of heat introduced into helium II will propagate through the liquid in the same manner as the density pulses of sound, a phenomenon which has been dubbed "second sound." Solid surfaces in contact with helium II are covered with a film 50 to 100 atoms thick, along which frictionless flow of the liquid can occur; as a result it is impossible to contain helium II in an open vessel without it flowing out over the edge. Mass transport through the helium II film takes place at a constant rate which only depends on temperature. Finally, a mass of helium II will not rotate as a unit; instead, attempts to set it rotating will induce small frictionless vortices throughout the liquid.
Precautions
Containers filled with gaseous helium at 5 to 10 K should be stored as if they contained liquid helium due to the large increase in pressure that results from warming the gas to room temperature.
External Links
Further Reading
- M. W. Wong. Prediction of a Metastable Helium Compound: HHeF.
- G. M. Chaban, J. Lundell, R. B. Gerber, J.Chem.Phys. 115 (2001) 7341. Lifetime and decomposition pathways of a chemically bound helium compound
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Helium."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
List of people by name: A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z Ha - Hb-Hd - He-Hh - Hi - Hj - Hk - Hl - Hm - Hn - Ho - Hp - Hq - Hr - Hs - Ht - Hu - Hv - Hw - Hx - Hy - HzHea-Hec
- Head, Edith, (1907-1981), costumer
- Headon, Topper, (born 1955), musician ("The Clash")
- Headrick, Ed, (died 2002), developer of the Frisbee
- Heald, Anthony, (born 1944), actor.
- Healey, Jeff, blind guitar virtuoso and singer
- Healy, Dermot, Aosdána
- Healy, Tim, (1855-1931)
- Heaney, Seamus, (born 1939), Saoi of Aosdána
- Heap, Jimmy, musician
- Heard, J.C, musician
- Heard, John, (born 1945), actor
- Hearn, Chick, (1916-2002), pro-basketball announcer
- Hearnes, Warren E, US governor
- Hearn, Lafcadio, (1850-1904), American chronicler of Japanese tales
- Hearn, Richard, comedian
- Hearns, Thomas, (born 1958), world champion boxer
- Hearst, Patricia, (born 1954), one-time member of Symbionese Liberation Army
- Hearst, William Randolph, (1863-1951), newspaper magnate
- Heartfield, John, (1891-1968)
- Heath, Albert 'Tootie', musician
- Heath, Edward, (born 1916), politician
- Heath, Lady Mary, early aviator
- Heath-Stubbs, John, poet
- Heath, Thomas, (1861-1940), mathematician
- Heatter, Gabriel, (1890-1972), journalist
- Heaviside, Oliver, (1850-1925), physicist
- Heatwole, Nathaniel (born 1983), suspected airplane attacker
- Hebbel, Friedrich, dramatist, author
- Hébert, Anne, Acadian author, educator Kamouraska
- Heche, Anne, actress
- Hecht, Anthony, poet
- Hecht, Ben, (1894-1964), playwright, screenwriter
- Hechter, Daniel, inventor of ready-to-wear
- Heckerling, Amy, (born 1954), director
- Heckman, James, economist
Hed-Hel
- Hedayat, Sadeq, author
- Hedberg, Mitch, comedian, stand-up comedian
- Hedin, Sven, (1865-1952), explorer
- Hedningarna, musician
- Hedren, Tippi, (born 1931), US actress
- Heeney, Tom, boxer
- Heeremann, Constantin Freiheer von, (born 1931), president of Germany's National Farmers' Union
- Heer, Joachim, (1825-1879), Swiss president
- Heerup, Henry, (1907-1993), Danish painter
- Hee Seop Choi, (MLB Player)
- Heesters, Johannes, (born 1903), singer and actor
- Heflin, Van, (1910-1971), actor
- Hefner, Hugh, (born 1926), US founder of Playboy magazine
- Hegamin, Lucille, (1894-1970), musician
- Hegel, Georg, (1770-1831), philosopher
- Hegley, John, also performs as half of the "Popticians"
- Heidegger, Martin, (1889-1976), German philosopher
- Heiden, Eric, (born 1958), Olympic speed skater
- Heidenreich, Elke, (born 1943), journalist and writer
- Heidenstam, Verner von, (1859-1940), Swedish writer
- Heidt, Horace, (1901-1986), band leader
- Heifetz, Jascha, (1901-1987), musician
- Heihachiro, Togo, (1846-1934)
- Heijden, A.F.Th. van der, novelist
- Heilwig, Martin, (1516-1574), cartographer
- Hein, Christoph, dramatist, author
- Heine, Alice, (1858-1925), first American Princess of Monaco
- Heine, Heinrich, (1797-1856), poet
- Heineken, Freddy, (1923-2002), Dutch businessman
- Heinemann, Gustav, (1899 - 1976), German government minister
- Heinkel, Ernst, aerospace engineer
- Heinlein, Robert A, (1907-1988), U.S. Science fiction author
- Hein, Piet (Denmark), (1905-1996)
- Hein, Piet (Netherlands), (1577-1629), naval officer
- Heintzleman, Benjamin Franklin, (Rep.) 1953-1957
- Heinz, Henry, (1844-1916), food manufacturer
- Heisenberg, Werner Karl, (1901-1976), German quantum physicist
- Heiss, Carol, (born 1940), Olympic figure skating gold medalist
- Heisterkamp, Peter, (1943-1977), aka Palermo, artist
- Heizei, emperor of Japan
- Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin, (born 1947)
- Helena, Princess of the United Kingdom, (1846-1923), third daughter of Queen Victoria, aunt of [[George V of the Unite
- Helias, Mark
- Helias, Peter, scholastic philosopher
- Heliogabalus, (203-222), Roman Emperor
- Hellendaal, Pieter, (1721-1799), composer
- Heller, Andre, (born 1946), artist
- Heller, Joseph, (1923-1999), US author
- Heller, Keith, author
- Hellman, Lillian, (1905-1984), US playwright and political activist
- Hellman, Monte, film director
- Hell, Richard, (born 1949), songwriter
- Hell, Rudolf, (1901-2002), inventor
- Helm, Brigitte, (1908-1996), actress
- Helmholtz, Hermann von, (1821-1894), physicist
- Helm, Levon, (born 1942), musician ("The Band)"
- Helms, Jesse, (born 1921), Senator from North Carolina
- Helmsley, Harry, (1909-1997), real estate entrepreneur
- Helms, Richard, (1913-2002), director of the Central Intelligence Agency
- Helms, Susan, astronaut
- Heloise, (born 1951), newspaper columnist
- Helou, John, Maronite Patriarch
Hem
- Hemans, Felicia, (1793-1835), poet
- Hemingway, Ernest, (1899-1961), American novelist
- Hémon, Louis, (1880-1913), novelist and journalist, Maria Chapdelaine
- Hempel, Carl Gustav, philosopher
- Hemphill, Essex, poet
- Hemsley, Sherman, (born 1938), comedian, actor
Hen
Hend-Henq
- Henderson, Fletcher, band leader, orchestrator, pianist
- Henderson, Florence, (born 1934), actress
- Henderson, Hamish, folk song collector and writer
- Henderson, J. Pinckney, (1846-1847), American Governor of Texas
- Henderson, J. W, (1853-1853), American Governor of Texas
- Henderson, Paul, scored winning goal in 1972 Canada/Russia match
- Henderson, Rickey, (born 1958), baseball player
- Henderson, Scott, musician
- Henderson, Skitch, (born 1918), musician, band leader
- Henderson, Thomas, (1798-1844), astronomer
- Henderson, Zenna, US science fiction author
- Hendrickson, Waino Edward, (Rep.) 1958-1959
- Hendricks, Thomas A, (1819-1885), former Vice President of the United States
- Hendricks, Tyler, former President of US church, now president of Unification Theological Seminary
- Hendrix, Jimi, (1942-1970), US singer
- Hengest, King of Kent
- Henie, Sonja, (1912-1969), US figure skater and movie star
- Henin-Hardenne, Justine, (born 1982), (Belgium)
- Henisch, Peter, novelist
- Henize, Karl, astronaut
- Henkel, Heinrich, dramatist, author
- Henlein, Konrad, Sudeten German politician
- Henley, Don, (born 1947), singer-songwriter
- Henley, John, (1692-1759), 'Orator'
- Henley, William Ernest, (1849-1903), poet
- Henman, Tim, tennis player
- Hennen, Thomas, astronaut
- Hennessy, Jillian, actress, Law & Order
Henr
- Henreid, Paul, (died 1992), actor
- Henri, Adrian, poet
- Henricks, Terence, astronaut
- Henri, Robert, (1865-1929), American painter
Henry
- Henry, Beulah Louise, nicknamed lady Edison
- Henry, Buck, (born 1930), actor, comedian, writer, director, producer
- Henry, Frogman, singer & musician
- Henry I , Duke of Brabant, (1165-1235)
- Henry I, Duke of Poland, (1232-1238), Polish ruler
- Henry II, Duke of Poland, (1238-1241), Polish ruler
- Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, (972-1024), king 1002, emperor 1014-1024
- Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, (1017-1056), king 1039, emperor 1046-1056
- Henry III of Castile, the Infirm 1390-1406
- Henry III of England, (1207-1272), English monarch
- Henry III of France, (1551-1589)
- Henry II of Castile, the Bastard 1369-1379
- Henry II of England, (1133-1189), English monarch
- Henry II of France, (1519-1559)
- Henry II of Navarre, (died 1555)
- Henry I of Castile, Castilian monarch
- Henry I of England, (1068-1135), English monarch
- Henry I of France, (1008-1060)
- Henry IV, Duke of Poland, (1288-1290), Polish ruler
- Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, (1050-1093), king 1056, emperor 1084-1106
- Henry IV of England, (1367-1413), English monarch
- Henry IV of France, (1553-1610)
- Henry, John (senator), (1750-1798), US governor
- Henry, Joseph, (1797-1878), physicist
- Henryk II Walezy, (1572-1573), Polish ruler
- Henry, Lenny, (born 1958), British comedian
- Henry, Marguirite, author of King of the Wild, Misty of Chincoteague
- Henry, O, (1862-1910), author
- Henry of Flanders, (died 1216), emperor of the Latin Empire (poisoned)
- Henry of Ghent, scholastic philosopher
- Henry of Harclay, scholastic philosopher
- Henry of Langenstein, scholastic philosopher
- Henry of Portugal, Cardinal, (1578-1580), Portuguese monarch
- Henry, Patrick, (1736-1799), US politician
- Henry, Pierre, writer of musique concrete and electronic music
- Henry, Prince, Duke of Gloucester, (died 1974)
- Henry , Prince of Wales, (born 1594), the eldest son of King James VI of Scotland/James I of England and Anne of Denmark.
- Henry the Fowler, (876-936), king 919-936
- Henry the Navigator, (1394-1460), Portuguese prince and patron of African exploration
- Henry, Thierry, (born 1977), athlete
- Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, (1081-1125), king 1106, emperor 1111-1125
- Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, (1165-1197), king 1190, emperor 1191-1197
- Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, (ca. 1275-1313), king 1309, emperor 1311-1313
- Henry VIII, (1491-1547), king of England
- Henry VIII of England, (1491-1547), separated English Catholicism from link with the Roman Catholic Church
- Henry VII of England, (1457-1509), English monarch
- Henry VI of England, (1421-1471), English monarch
- Henry V of England, (1387-1422), English monarch
Hens-Henz
- Hensel, Luise, (1798-1876), poet
- Hensley, Ken, (born 1945), rock musician (Uriah Heep)
- Henson, Jim, (1936-1990), US Muppet master
- Henson, Josiah, (1789-1883), ex-slave, settlement founder
- Henson, Matthew, (born 1866), explorer (North Pole)
- Henstridge, Natasha, (born 1974), US model and actress
- Henty, George, (1832-1902), author of more than 80 popular books for boys
- Henze, Hans Werner, composer
Hep
- Hepburn, Audrey, (1929-1993), Belgian-born actress
- Hepburn, Katharine, (1907-2003), US actress
- Heppner, Ben, operatic tenor
- Hepworth, Barbara, (1903-1975), sculptor
Her
- Heraclas of Alexandria, (232-248), Coptic Pope, Patriarch of Alexandria
- Heraclitus, (ca. 535 BC-475 BC), of Ephesus
- Heraclius, (610-641), Byzantine Emperor
- Heraclonas, Byzantine Emperor
- Herberger, Sepp, (1897-1977), football coach
- Herbert, Don, (born 1917), "Mr. Wizard", science television host
- Herbert, Frank, (1920-1986), American science fiction writer
- Herbert, George, (1593-1633), public orator and poet
- Herbert, James, US horror author
- Herbert, John, Canadian writer
- Herbert of Auxerre, scholastic philosopher
- Herbert, Victor, (1859-1924), operetta composer
- Herbert, Xavier, novelist
- Herbert, Zbigniew, poet
- Herbig, George, astronomer
- Herburger, Günter, dramatist, author
- Herder, Johann Gottfried, (1744-1803), Prussian-born poet
- Herennius Etruscus, Roman Emperor
- Herfurtner, Rudolf, dramatist, author
- Hergé, (1907-1983), Belgian cartoonist of Tintin fame
- Hergenroether, Joseph, (died 1890), German church historian
- Herger, Alfred D (born 1942), Puerto Rican former show host, current psychologist and author
- Herjulfsson, Bjarni, Viking discoverer of North America
- Herman, Ladislaus of Poland, (1079-1102), Polish ruler
- Hermann of Carinthia, scholastic philosopher
- Hermannsson, Steingrímur, (1988-1991), prime minister
- Herman of Alaska, (died 1837)
- Hermans, Willem Frederik, (1921-1995), novelist
- Herman, Woody, (1913-1987), musician
- Hermaszewski, Miroslaw, astronaut
- Hermite, Charles, (1822-1901), mathematician
- Hermogenus, Patriarch, (1606-1612), Metropolitan of Moscow
- Hernandez, Carlos Famoso, (born 1971), world champion boxer
- Hernandez, Gilbert, US comic creator of Love and Rockets fame
- Hernandez, Jaime, US comic creator of Love and Rockets
- Hernandez, Jose Gregorio (1864-1919), Venezuelan doctor
- Hernandez, Juan, author and playwright
- Hernandez, Juan amateur boxer
- Hernandez, Livan, baseball player
- Hernandez, Laura, news reporter
- Hernandez, Mario, comic creator
- Hernandez, Miguel, (1910-1942), poet
- Hernandez, Orlando, baseball player, Livan's brother
- Herodotus of Halicarnassus, (485 BC?-c. 420 BC?), classical historian
- Herod the Great, Judea
- Héroet, Antoine, (died 1568), poet
- Hero of Alexandria, ancient
- Héroult, Paul, (1863-1914), inventor
- Herrera, Carl, NBA basketball player
- Herreweghe, Philippe, conductor
- Herrick, Robert, (1591-1674), American poet, novelist
- Herriman, George, (1880-1944), cartoonist
- Herring, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury
- Herrington, John, astronaut
- Herriot, James, (1916-1995), UK veterinarian and author
- Herrmann, Bernard, (1911-1975), composer
- Herschel, Caroline, (1750-1848), astronomer
- Herschel, John, (1792-1871), astronomer
- Herschel, William, (1738-1822), astronomer
- Hersey, John, (1914-1993), author
- Hershey, Milton S, (1857-1945), founder of the Hershey Chocolate Company
- Hershiser, Orel, (born 1958), baseball pitcher
- Hersholt, Jean, (1886-1956), actor and humanitarian
- Hertenstein, Wilhelm, (1825-1888)
- Hertzfeld, Andy, co-creator of Macintosh, co-founder of General Magic
- Hertz, Gustav, (1887-1975), quantum physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics 1925
- Hertz, Heinrich Rudolf, (1857-1894), German scientist
- Hertzsprung, Ejnar, (1873-1967), Danish astronomer
- Hervieux-Payette, Celine, Canadian senator
- Herwig, Conrad, musician
- Herzfelde, Wieland, (1896-1989), publisher and author
- Herzl, Theodor, (1860-1904), "founder" of Israel, lived most of his life in Austria
- Herzog, Chaim, (1918-1997), Israeli president
- Herzog, Hans, (1819-1894), General 1870-1871
- Herzog, Jacques, (born 1950), Swiss architect
- Herzog, Werner, (born 1942), German film director
- Heschel, Abraham Joshua, (1907-1972)
- Heseltine, Michael, (born 1933), politician
- Hesiod, (born c. 700 BC)
- Hessaby, Mahmoud, scientist
- Hesse, Hermann, (1877-1962), Switzerland-based German author
- Hesse, Karen, (born 1952), author
- Hessenstein, Fredrik Vilhelm von, Swedish soldier
- Hess, Erika, (born 1962), Alpine skiing champion
- Hess, Johann Jakob, Swiss president
- Hess, Rudolf, (1894-1987), Nazi potentate
- Hess, Walter, (1881-1973), Swiss Nobel Laureate in Medicine
- Hester, Paul, (born 1959), drummer
- Heston, Charlton, (born 1924), actor
- Hetfield, James, (born 1963), rock and roll musician, member of Metallica
- Hetherington, Richard, British Virgin Islands president
- Heung Jin Moon, their second son (deceased: 'king of the spirit world')
- Heusken, Henry
- Heuss, Theodor, (1884-1963), politician and publicist
- Heuvelmans, Bernard, cryptozoologist
- Hevesy, George de, (1885-1966), chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in chemistry 1943
- Hewerdine, Boo, musician
- Hewett, Dorothy, novelist, poet
- Hewish, Antony, astronomer
- Hewitt, Foster, (1902-1985), play-by-play announcer
- Hewitt, Lleyton, (born 1981), tennis player
- Hewitt, Virginia, (1925-1986), actress
- Hewlett, William, (1913-2001), engineer
- Heyde, Werner, involved in human experimentations
- Heydrich, Reinhard, (1904-1942), Nazi officer
- Heyerdahl, Thor, (1914-2002), Norwegian explorer
- Heyer, Georgette, (1902-1974), British author
- Heyman, Richard X, musician
- Heymans, Corneille, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938
- Heymeric of Camp, scholastic philosopher
- Heym, Stefan, (born 1913), author
- Heym, Zacharias, cartographer
- Heyrovsky, Jaroslav, (1890-1967), scientist, Nobel laureate
- Heyse, Paul, (1830-1914), writer and winner of the Nobel Prize in literature 1910
- Heytesbury, William, scholastic philosopher
- Heywood, Thomas, (157?-1650), poet
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "List of people by name: He-Hh."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
HE | English | High Energy | N/A |
HE | German | Hämatoxylin-Eosin | Chemistry |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: HeSynonyms: atomic number 2 (n), helium (n). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Man | Pron. he, him, his. |
Noun: man, male, he, him; manhood. (adolescence); gentleman, sir, master; sahib; yeoman, wight, swain, fellow, blade, beau, elf, chap, gaffer, good man; husband. (married man); Mr., mister; boy. (youth). | |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: He |
| Specialty definitions using "He": More one has, the More he Desires. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "He": Yode. (references) |
| Non-English Usage: "He" is also a word in the following languages with English translations in parentheses. Breton (her), Esperanto (hey, say), Finnish (they), German (hey, hoy, say), Latin (he), Sotho (then), Spanish (I have). |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Yup, he took out the chair (American Pie; writing credit: Adam Herz) You once said that God must be a painter because he gave us so many colors (A Beautiful Mind; writing credit: Akiva Goldsman) And why does he dress like a bible salesman (American Beauty; writing credit: Alan Ball) I bet he hasn't even got a wife (A Hard Day's Night; writing credit: Alun Owen) And when he found me, he told me I wasn't really looking for him. I was looking for an answer (The Matrix; writing credit: Andy Wachowski and Larry Wachowski.) | |
Lyrics | Don't you know that he was my man (He Wasn't Man Enough; performing artist: Toni Braxton) He passed away and I didn't cry (Dear Mama; performing artist: 2Pac) He is my (Where My Girls At; performing artist: 702) And how he always makes your heart skip a beat (Invisible Man; performing artist: 98 Degrees; writing credit: Dane DeViller, Sean Hosein, and Steve Kipner) He feels the pain getting strong (Don't Turn Around; performing artist: Ace Of Base) | |
Clever | He is now fast rising from affluence to poverty. (references; author: Mark Twain) He who flies proves himself guilty. (references; author: Danish Proverb.) Give a grateful man more than he asks. (references; author: Portuguese Proverb) He declares himself guilty who justifies himself before accusation. (references; author: Proverb.) Every man goes down to his death bearing in his hands only that which he has given away. (references; author: Persian Proverb) | |
Tongue Twisters | Amidst the mists and coldest frosts, with stoutest wrists and loudest boasts, he thrusts his fist against the posts and still insists he sees the ghosts. (references; author: unknown) Catch a can canner canning a can as he does the cancan, amd you've caught a can-anning can-canning can canner! (references; author: unknown) How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood? He would chuck, he would, as much as he could, and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would if a woodchuck could chuck wood. (references; author: unknown) I cannot bear to see a bear bear down upon a hare. When bare of hair he strips the hare, right there I cry, "Forbear! (references; author: unknown) I saw Esau kissing Kate. I saw Esau, he saw me, and she saw I saw Esau. (references; author: unknown) | |
Movie/TV Titles | He Is My Brother (1974) I'm the Girl He Wants to Kill (1974) Joe He (1974) Shao lin he shang (1974) He nacido en la ribera (1972) | |
Song Titles | Then He Kissed Me (performing artist: The Crystals) He Stopped Loving Her Today (performing artist: George Jones) He Will Break Your Heart (performing artist: Jerry Butler) He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother (performing artist: The Hollies) He Wasn't Man Enough (performing artist: Toni Braxton) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
| ||
Periodicals |
| ||
Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
| ||
High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Seen is a young oriental male technician performing drug synthesis. He is seen in a lab setting, wearing a lab coat. He is pouring and spooning chemicals into a long tube where they are mixed and later placed in the beaker at the bottom. NCI plays a leading role in the development of anticancer drugs. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |  | Seen is an white male scientist in a lab setting performing drug synthesis. In many of the photos he is adjusting the equipment. In some of the photos only his hands and the flask with chemicals are visible. The flask seems to be sitting in an insulated covering. Credit: Linda Bartlett (photographer). |
 | A CDC scientist wearing a protective suit with helmet and face mask is seated at an air flow hood as he conducts his studies. Credit: CDC. |  | This 20 year old male wore a jersey previously worn by a friend who had been vaccinated. He inoculated himself in 36 places on his shoulder and face. Credit: CDC. |
 | He II (304 Å). Taken at 19:19 UT, 28 February 2000. Credit: NASA. |  | A lone seal's head is seen as he cruises among the small ice bergs of Tracy Arm. Credit: NOAA's Ark (Animals). |
 | "Jack" the mascot of the GEDNEY There is no record of how he got along with Billy the Bear. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |  | Sketch of John Ross Key by James McNeill Whistler Sketched in the Coast Survey office in 1854 Key was a nephew of Francis Scott Key He was a draughtsman in the office at the time of the drawing. Credit: Coast & Geodetic Survey Historical Image Collection. |
 | Great Blue Heron nesting area, or as it is called, a heronry. Yes, that is a person's head peering out from the tree. Why he was there is unknown. Credit: America's Coastlines. |  | A Great Blue Heron trying valiantly to swallow a large fish. He finally had to give up. Credit: America's Coastlines. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "He who rocks hardest..." by Justin Baker Commentary: "Timothy Green rocking out... hard. Shot taken with Fujifilm Velvia (50 ISO) transparency film. Shooting a daylight balanced film under fluorescent lighting conditions can prove to be interesting. I enjoyed the contrast between the guitar and the bg, as w" | "He got Caught!" by Neil Smith Commentary: "My cat got caught stealing the milk !!!." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Play | Caption |
 | Horse's hooves clicking as he trots on paved road. |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Anton Chekhov | Man is what he believes. |
Ben Jonson | As he brews, so shall he drink. |
Benjamin Franklin | He that's secure is not safe. |
Charles Dickens | He would make a lovely corpse. |
Eike Von Repkow | He who comes first, eats first. |
Joe Louis | He can run. But he can't hide. |
John Skelton | He ruleth all the roost. |
John Vanbrugh | He laughs best who laughs last. |
Miguel De Cervantes | He had a face like a blessing. |
Persius | He conquers who endures. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
Magna Carta | 1215 | Further, if we have led or sent him upon military service, he shall be relieved from guard in proportion to the time during which he has been on service because of us. (reference) |
John Locke | 1690 | But how far has he given it us? To enjoy. (Second Treatise of Government) |
US Declaration of Independence | 1776 | He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power. (reference) |
US Constitution | 1791 | Clause 5: The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States. (reference) |
Amendment to US Constitution | 1795-2028 | Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. (reference) |
Marbury v. Madison | 1803 | He is entitled to the remedy for which he applies. (reference) |
Communist Manifesto | 1848 | He becomes a pauper, and pauperism develops more rapidly than population and wealth. (reference) |
Treaty of Versailles | 1919 | In such cases the rate to which he is entitled shall prevail. (reference) |
Winston S. Churchill | 1946 | We all know the frightful disturbances in which the ordinary family is plunged when the curse of war swoops down upon the bread-winner and those for whom he works and contrives. ("Iron Curtain" Speech) |
United Nations | 1948 | Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. (reference) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Winnie the Pooh | A.A. Milne | The more he looked inside the more Piglet wasn't there |
Emma | Austen, Jane | She dearly loved her father, but he was no companion for her. |
Sylvie and Bruno | Carroll, Lewis | And he went and he tumbled into a deep hole |
A Christmas Carol | Dickens, Charles | The idea being an alarming one, he scrambled out of bed, and groped his way to the window |
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy | Douglas Adams | Ford, he said |
Scarlet Letter | Hawthorne, Nathaniel | He noticed her involuntary gesture, and smiled |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | Unhappy is he who surrenders himself to the changing heart of woman |
Cymon and Iphigenia | John Dryden | He trudg'd along unknowing what he sought, And whistled as he went, for want of thought |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | It seemed to him that he stood in the midst of a great hall, dark and silent save for the ticking of a great clock |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | Even he that makes her Queen |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | He tried this hypothesis out on Joseph. (references) | |
She or he can give you ideas and help you plan meals. (references) | ||
Listen attentively to the child when he or she speaks. (references) | ||
Business | He remains in Hong Kong. (references) | |
He is appealing the sentence. (references) | ||
He is currently at Harvard University. (references) | ||
Children | Mexico | He also urged state and local governments to follow his lead in developing such measures. (references) |
Ethiopia | If a unit commander suspects but cannot prove that a soldier is underage, he can transfer the soldier from a front-line combat unit to a rear-area command. (references) | |
Japan | In impeachment proceedings concluded in November, he lost his certificate as an officer of the court and was barred from requesting reinstatement for 5 years. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | China | At year's end he had not been sentenced. (references) |
Chile | He was briefly imprisoned and released on bail. (references) | |
Vietnam | He is unable to receive visitors or phone calls. (references) | |
Economic History | Venezuela | He was later released. (references) |
Sierra Leone | He ultimately abandoned the idea. (references) | |
Greece | He became George I, King of the Hellenes. (references) | |
Human Rights | Argentina | He was shot in the leg in January. (references) |
Cote d'Ivoire | He was questioned and then released. (references) | |
Djibouti | He remained at liberty at year's end. (references) | |
Indigenous People | Indonesia | Then-President Wahid met several times with Papuan leaders and visited Papua on December 31, 1999 and January 1, 2000, when he announced that the name of the province would be changed to Papua. (references) |
Indonesia | After the congress, he met with Presidium Council leaders and reemphasized the Government's firm stance against Papuan independence, but said it was permissible to fly Papuan independence flags as long as they were smaller and flown below the Indonesian flag. (references) | |
Minorities | Bangladesh | He also dismissed allegations that the BNP was linked to the perpetrators. (references) |
Political Economy | Romania | In spring 2001, he was elected chairman of the party. (references) |
Pakistan | Musharraf has said that he would respect this timeframe. (references) | |
Italy | He succeeded Giuliano Amato, who led a center-left government. (references) | |
Political Rights | Kazakhstan | He has the power to dismiss Parliament. (references) |
Comoros | He was in detention pending trial at year's end. (references) | |
Monaco | He may choose to consult it on other matters as well. (references) | |
Trade | Philippines | If an exporter is ready to ship his products, he should fill out an Export Declaration (ED) form. (references) |
Mexico | The secondary beneficiary has all the rights and responsibilities that he would under a direct L.C. (references) | |
Saudi Arabia | Therefore, a Saudi rarely assumes sponsorship unless he has a personal interest in the proposed visit. (references) | |
Travel | Russia | It is very important to know your sponsor and how he or she can be contacted. (references) |
Italy | The permit is then sent to the worker so that he or she may apply for the entry visa. (references) | |
Philippines | The cash bond ensures that the items will be brought back by the traveler when he leaves the country. (references) | |
Women | Kuwait | A husband is obliged to inform his first wife that he is taking a second wife. (references) |
India | The youth told police that he suspected the woman caused his father's prolonged illness by sorcery. (references) | |
Honduras | All rapes are considered public crimes, so a rapist can be prosecuted even if he marries his victim. (references) | |
Worker Rights | China | He first disappeared in 1995, when he was 6 years old. (references) |
China | He was detained after illegally entering China from Nepal. (references) | |
China | He now lives with his family under heavy guard in his residence near the monastery. (references) | |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | PORTABLE, adj. Exposed to a mutable ownership through vicissitudes of possession. His light estate, if neither he did make it Nor yet its former guardian forsake it, Is portable improperly, I take it. Worgum Slupsky |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Phrase(s) |
Celine Dion | I'm glad. He mortgaged his house to make me do my first album. I'm glad he's a gambler. That's great. He needs to be. |
Dennis Miller | I've spoken to God, and he doesn't want you to cut off your balls. |
Ed McMahon | Sure. He reads the letters. He read the letters. Sure. He's a company man. I mean, he really works at being Johnny Carson. |
Joan Rivers | Very close, and he said, Melissa, I'm coming home. I'll see you tomorrow. And he hung up the phone and killed himself. |
Louise Ashby | Resmash all the bones, and then he basically has to rebuild the foundation. And he knows it's not going to be one surgery. |
Mattie Stepanek | Jimmy Carter is my hero because he is a humble peacemaker. He will write a book. He'll solve a problem. He'll build a house. |
Rush Limbaugh | Bush is a boob, a frat boy, and he just slid through life on his name. |
Steve Kroft | Kenneth Kimes says before their arrest he was just a normal guy. He even made an appearance on a dating game show on MTV. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
George Washington | 1789-1797 | There is nothing that gives a Man consequence, and renders him fit for Command, like a support that renders him independent of every body but the State he Serves. |
Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 | When freed, he is to be removed beyond the reach of mixture. |
Ulysses S. Grant | 1869-1877 | Yet he is not possessed of the civil rights which citizenship should carry with it. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | Communism is based on the belief that man is so weak and inadequate that he is unable to govern himself, and therefore requires the rule of strong masters. |
John F. Kennedy | 1961-1963 | On the Presidential Coat of Arms, the American eagle holds in his right talon the olive branch, while in his left he holds a bundle of arrows. |
Lyndon B. Johnson | 1963-1969 | Their efforts have deprived the Communist enemy of the victory that he sought and that he expected a year ago. |
Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 | For myself and for our Nation, I want to thank my predecessor for all he has done to heal our land. |
Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 | By his own admission, he is a quiet man, not a showman. |
Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 | After college in Colorado, he joined the Army. |
George W. Bush | 2001-2005 | Had Saddam Hussein been appeased instead of stopped, he would have endangered the peace and stability of the world. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "He" is generally used as a pronoun (personal) -- approximately 99.98% of the time. "He" is used about 680,657 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Pronoun (personal) | 99.98% | 680,533 | 14 |
| Unclassified Items | 0.02% | 119 | 29,501 |
| Total | 100.00% | 680,657 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "He" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| He | Last name | 1,000 | 11,061 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
| The following table summarizes names derived from the word "He". | |||
| Name | Gender | Language | Meaning |
| Azarias | N/A | N/A | He that hears the Lord |
| Jahel | N/A | N/A | He that ascends |
| Jayel | N/A | N/A | He that ascends |
| Abihu | N/A | Biblical | He is my father |
| Achan | N/A | Biblical | He that troubleth |
| Ard | N/A | Biblical | He that descends |
| Azariah | N/A | Biblical | He that hears the Lord |
| Azur | N/A | Biblical | He that assists or is assisted |
| Baasha | N/A | Biblical | He that seeks |
| Caiphas | N/A | Biblical | He that seeks with diligence |
| Chelubai | N/A | Biblical | He altogether against me |
| Dan | N/A | Biblical | He that judges |
| Darius | N/A | Biblical | He that informs himself |
| Dinhabah | N/A | Biblical | He gives judgment |
| Ehud | N/A | Biblical | He that praises |
| Elihu | N/A | Biblical | He is my God himself |
| Esau | N/A | Biblical | He that acts or finishes |
| Esli | N/A | Biblical | He who separates |
| Gideon | N/A | Biblical | He that bruises or breaks |
| Giloh | N/A | Biblical | He that overturns |
| Giloh | N/A | Biblical | He that rejoices |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references.
| |||
Expressions using "He": as a medical student he walked all the hospitals ♦ as he was wont to say ♦ as much as he can afford ♦ bless the boy! what has he been doing? ♦ blessed be he ♦ do as he pleases ♦ do you think he is likely to move in this affair? ♦ he always lands on his feet ♦ he always says the truth ♦ he behaves like a richman ♦ he came first ♦ he came out in goose pimples ♦ he came to see her ♦ he can do as he likes ♦ he can hardly write ♦ he cannot do it for nuts ♦ he cannot range with poets ♦ he can't admire this enough ♦ he can't take a joke ♦ he could do no other than ♦ he could scarcely go ♦ he dared not go ♦ he dared to insult me ♦ he deserves it ♦ he deserves that ♦ he did it more out of spite than for the profit ♦ he did not turn a hair ♦ he didn't move a muscle ♦ he does not care a straw ♦ he does not forget things easily ♦ he does not hear ♦ he does not know what is right from what is wrong ♦ he does nothing but moan ♦ he doesn't care a rap ♦ he doesn't know his place ♦ he doesn't mince his word ♦ he dropped me a note ♦ he felt like it ♦ he finished it first ♦ he gave him a black eye ♦ he gets a kick out of fishing ♦ he gets my goat ♦ he goat ♦ he got away with it ♦ he got good and angry ♦ he got it hot for that ♦ he got knock on the head ♦ he got you there! ♦ he grabbed a pen ♦ he had a narrow escape ♦ he had a rough time ♦ he had not fired a round ♦ he had to leave ♦ he has ♦ he has a bad arm ♦ he has a good command of english ♦ he has a good grasp ♦ he has a good nose ♦ he has a heart of gold ♦ he has a jaundiced view of things ♦ he has a name for carelessness ♦ he has a very accurate eye ♦ he has a will of his own ♦ he has an ax to grind ♦ he has an axe to grind ♦ he has an edge ♦ he has brains ♦ he has gone for a stroll ♦ he has gone forty ♦ he has got a screw loose ♦ he has his little peculiarities ♦ he has learnt his lesson ♦ he has never had it so good ♦ he has no backbone ♦ he has no go in him ♦ he has no manners ♦ he has quick wits ♦ he has reasons of his own ♦ he has sown his wild oats ♦ he has the devil's own luck ♦ he hasn't a penny to his name ♦ he hasn't a vestige of common sense ♦ he hasn't an ounce of common sense ♦ he hasn't got any money ♦ he hasn't the faintest notion ♦ he hasn't the slightest idea ♦ he himself ♦ he is ♦ he is a bad one ♦ he is a bad penny ♦ he is a big noise ♦ he is a bit of a snob ♦ he is a cool hand ♦ he is a crackpot ♦ he is a crafty devil ♦ he is a crafty one ♦ he is a damned liar ♦ he is a freeman ♦ he is a good old soul ♦ he is a good sort ♦ he is a man of importance. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "He": He-ass, he-cat, he-could, he-dog, he-dryad, he-dryads, he-e-lp, he-fox, he-goat, he-goats, he-he-he, he-huckleberry, he-in-us, he-is, he-knew, he-man, he-men, He-Ne, he-or-she, he-s, he-said, he-she, He-shes, he-stopped, he-swallow, he-thought, he-walked, he-was, he-would. | |
Ending with "He": d-he, he-he-he. | |
Containing "He": do-you-think-he-saw-us. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Language | Translations for "He"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaans | hy (him). (various references) | |
Albanian | ai (it, that, that over there, those). (various references) | |
Arabic | هو (it, its, this), ذكر من الإنسان (male). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | самец (boar, loner, male), той, мъжкар (dog), мъжки (bull, male, man, man-sized, masculine, virile), мъж (boomer, gent, gentleman, hub, husband, male, man). (various references) | |
Catalan | ell (it). (various references) | |
Chinese | 他 (him). (various references) | |
Czech | samec (buck, male, sire), on. (various references) | |
Danish | han (him). (various references) | |
Dutch | hij (him, it). (various references) | |
Esperanto | li (him). (various references) | |
Faeroese | hann (it). (various references) | |
Farsi | جانورنر (Johnny). (various references) | |
Finnish | hän (she). (various references) | |
French | il, lui (her). (various references) | |
Frisian | hy, er (at that place, over there, there, yon, yonder). (various references) | |
German | er (him, it, to deal with). (various references) | |
Greek | εκείνοσ (that, yon, yonder), αυτόσ, αυτός (this). (various references) | |
Guarani | ou (he comes), opytáta (he will stay), oiko (he is, they are). (various references) | |
Hawaiian | ai (it, that, that over there, those). (various references) | |
Hebrew | הוא. (various references) | |
Hungarian | hímnemû személy, nagy hatóerejû robbanó (high explosive), fiú (boy, bub, bucko, buster, groom, hard case, lad, son, yob, yobbo), férfi (bimbo, fella, feller, fellow, gent, gentleman, gentlemen, jock, leading man, man, men, pansy boy, praetorian, skin), õ (it, she), ô (it, she). (various references) | |
Icelandic | hann. (various references) | |
Indonesian | dia (him, it, she). (various references) | |
Irish | sé (him, it, six). (various references) | |
Italian | lui (him), esso (it). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 彼 (boyfriend). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | ヒューマンエンジニアリング (human engineering), どうし (a person of high morals, a Taoist, companion, comrade, fellow, kindred soul, officiating monk, pupil, same city, same magazine, same mind, same person, she, the said person, the same newspaper, treating alike, verb), せんぽう (advance guard, destination, divination, other party, she, strategy, tactics, they), かれ (boyfriend), あのひと (she, that person), あのかた (she, that gentleman), あいつ (she, that guy). (various references) | |
Korean | 그 (Him, His). (various references) | |
Lombard | luu. (various references) | |
Luganda | ajja (he will come). (various references) | |
Malagasy | izy. (various references) | |
Manx | firrynagh (male, masculine), firryn (mannish, masculine, virile), eshyn (him, himself), eh-shen, eh (him, it), bock (buck, gelding, josser, male, swell). (various references) | |
Norwegian | han (him). (various references) | |
Papiamen | el (it, she), e (it, she, the). (various references) | |
Pig Latin | ehay.(various references) | |
Polish | on. (various references) | |
Portuguese | ele (him, it). (various references) | |
Portuguese Brazilian | ele (it). (various references) | |
Romanian | el (it, them). (various references) | |
Russian | он (him). (various references) | |
Scottish | e (accented è, it). (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | on (it), mužjak (buck, cock sparrow, jack, male). (various references) | |
Somali | buu, ayuu. (various references) | |
Spanish | él (him, it). (various references) | |
Sranan | a (she, the). (various references) | |
Swahili | yeye (him). (various references) | |
Swedish | han (it). (various references) | |
Thai | เขา (ผู้ชาย). (various references) | |
Tswana | o (a, it, she, which, you). (various references) | |
Turkish | o (her, him, it, o, oh, she, that), erkek (boy, fellow, gent, he-, Jack, male, man, masculine, Tom), eril (masculine). (various references) | |
Turkmen | ol (it, she). (various references) | |
Ukrainian | самець (dog, macho, male, mate), чоловік (consort, him, husband, male, man, masculine, mate, spouse), він (it). (various references) | |
Vietnamese | đàn ông (male, orchestrina, orchestrion). (various references) | |
Welsh | fe (him), ef (him), e (him). (various references) | |
Wolof | na (how, it, Let). (various references) | |
Zulu | u- (she, thou, ye, you). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Sumerian | 3100 BCE-2500 BCE | a-ne, e-ne, ni. (various references) |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | adid, agareos, cineos, ea, eam, earum, eas, ehi, ei, eique, eis, eisque, eius, eiusmodi, eiusque, eo, eorum, eos, eosque, eum, eumque, he, heae, id, infit, inquit, is, isque, maseas. (various references) |
| Avestan | 200-600 | â-dim, ... hô, ... hô-nâ, hâu, ta. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Language | Date | Source | Luke Chapter 8, Verse 10 |
| Greek (transliterated) | 250 BC | Septuagint | O de eipen umin dedotai gnwnai ta musthria thV basileiaV tou qeou toiV de loipoiV en parabolaiV ina bleponteV mh blepwsin kai akouonteV mh suniwsin |
| Latin | 405 | Vulgate | Quibus ipse dixit vobis datum est nosse mysterium regni Dei ceteris autem in parabolis ut videntes non videant et audientes non intellegant |
| Old English | 990 | West Saxon | þa cwæð he eow is geseald þæt ge witun godes rices geryne: and oðrum on bigspellum; þæt hi geseonde ne geseon. and gehyrende ne ongyton; |
| Middle English | 1395 | Wyclif | And he seide to hem, To you it is grauntid to knowe the pryuete of the kyngdom of God; but to othir men in parablis, that thei seynge se not, and thei herynge vndurstonde not. |
| Renaissance English | 1526 | Tyndale | And he sayde: vnto you is it geven to knowe the secretes of the kyngdom of God: but to other in similitudes that when they se they shuld not se: and when they heare they shuld not vnderstonde. |
| Jacobean English | 1611 | King James | And he said, Unto you it is given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God: but to others in parables; that seeing they might not see, and hearing they might not understand. |
| Victorian English | 1833 | Webster | And he said, To you it is given to know the mysteries of the kingdom of God: but to others in parables; that seeing they may not see, and hearing they may not understand. |
| Basic English | 1964 | Ogden | And he said, To you is given knowledge of the secrets of the kingdom of God; but to the others, they are given in stories, so that seeing, they may not see, and though they give hearing, the sense will not be clear to them. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Luke Chapter 8, Verse 10 |
| Cebuano | siya miingon, "Kaninyo gitugot ang pagpakasabut sa mga tinagoan mahitungod sa gingharian sa Dios; apan alang sa uban kini ipaagi sa mga sambingay aron nga sa magatutok sila, dili sila makakita; ug sa magapamati sila, dili sila makasabut. |
| Croatian | A on im reèe: "Vama je dano znati otajstva kraljevstva Božjega, a ostalima u prispodobama - da gledajuæi ne vide i slušajuæi ne razumiju." |
| Danish | Og han sagde: "Eder er det givet at kende Guds Riges Hemmeligheder, men de andre i Lignelser, for at de, skønt seende, ikke skulle se, og, skønt hørende, ikke skulle forstå. |
| Dutch | En Hij zeide: U is het gegeven, de verborgenheden van het Koninkrijk Gods te verstaan; maar tot de anderen spreek Ik in gelijkenissen, opdat zij ziende niet zien, en horende niet verstaan. |
| Finnish | Hän sanoi: "Teidän on annettu tuntea Jumalan valtakunnan salaisuudet, mutta muille ne esitetään vertauksissa, että he, vaikka näkevät, eivät näkisi, ja vaikka kuulevat, eivät ymmärtäisi. |
| French | Il répondit: Il vous a été donné de connaître les mystères du royaume de Dieu; mais pour les autres, cela leur est dit en paraboles, afin qu`en voyant ils ne voient point, et qu`en entendant ils ne comprennent point. |
| German | Er aber sprach: Euch ist es gegeben, zu wissen das Geheimnis des Reiches Gottes; den andern aber in Gleichnissen, daß sie es nicht sehen, ob sie es schon sehen, und nicht verstehen, ob sie es schon hören. |
| Hungarian | Õ pedig monda nékik: Néktek adatott, hogy az Isten országának titkait értsétek; egyebeknek példázatokban, hogy látván ne lássanak, és hallván ne értsenek. |
| Indonesian-Bahasa Sehari-hari | Yesus menjawab, "Kalian sudah diberi anugerah untuk mengetahui rahasia tentang bagaimana Allah memerintah sebagai Raja. Tetapi orang-orang lain diajar dengan perumpamaan, supaya mereka memperhatikan, tetapi tidak tahu apa yang terjadi; dan mereka mendengar, tetapi tidak mengerti." |
| Indonesian-Terjemahan Lama | Maka Yesus pun berkatalah, "Bahwa kepada kamu diberi karunia mengetahui rahasia kerajaan Allah, tetapi kepada orang lain itu dengan perumpamaan, supaya dengan melihat jangan mereka itu nampak, dan dengan mendengar jangan mereka itu mengerti. |
| Italian | Ed egli disse: «A voi è dato conoscere i misteri del regno di Dio, ma agli altri solo in parabole, perché e udendo non intendano. |
| Manx Gaelic | As dooyrt eh, Diuish te er ny choyrt dy hoiggal folliaghtyn reeriaght Yee; agh da feallagh elley ayns coraaghyn-dorraghey: ga t'ad fakin cha vel ad cur-my-ner, as clashtyn cha vel ad toiggal. |
| Maori | Ka mea ia, Kua hoatu ki a koutou te matauranga ki nga mea ngaro o te rangatiratanga o te Atua: ki era atu ia, he whakarite nga kupu: kia kite ai ratou, a e kore e kite, kia rongo ai, a kore ake e matau. |
| Norwegian | Han sa da: Eder er det gitt å få vite Guds rikes hemmeligheter; men de andre gis det i lignelser, forat de skal se og dog ikke se, og høre og dog ikke forstå. |
| Rumanian | El le -a rqspuns: ,,Vouq v`a fost dat sq cunoawteyi tainele Kmpqrqyiei lui Dumnezeu, dar celorlalyi li se vorbewte kn pilde, ca ,mqcar cq vqd, sq nu vadq, wi mqcar cq aud, sq nu knyeleagq.`` |
| Shuar | Tutai Jesus Tímiayi "Atumnia Yus ni akuptairin nekaachma ana nuna nekamtikramprume. Tura chikichnaka, Wáiniainiayat kusurua Núnin ártí tusan, tura ántuiniayat nekaacharat tusan aya métek-taku chichamjai jintintiatjai," Tímiayi. |
| Spanish | Y él dijo: "A vosotros se os ha concedido conocer los misterios del reino de Dios; pero a los demás, en parábolas, para que viendo no vean, y oyendo no entiendan. |
| Swahili | Naye akajibu, "Ninyi mmejaliwa kujua siri za Ufalme wa Mungu, lakini hao wengine sivyo; ila hao huambiwa kwa mifano, ili wakitazama wasiweze kuona, na wakisikia wasifahamu. |
| Swedish | Han sade: "Eder är givet att lära känna Guds rikes hemligheter, men åt de andra meddelas de i liknelser, för att de med seende ögon intet skola se och med hörande öron intet förstå'. |
| Uma | Na'uli' Yesus: "Owi, Alata'ala ko'ia mpopo'incai manusia' beiwa-i mpai' jadi' Magau' hi dunia'. Aga hewa toe lau, napopo'incai-mokoi tudui' toe. Aga ane ntodea-hana, kutudui' -ra hante lolita rapa', bona madupa' lolita Buku Tomoroli' to mpo'uli': `Pe'epe moto-ra, aga uma oa' ra'incai batua-na. Pehilo moto-ra, aga hewa to uma oa' monoto rahilo.' |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "He": head, headache, headaches, headachier, headachiest, headachy, headband, headbands, headboard, headboards, headcheese, headcheeses, headcount, headcounts, headdress, headdresses, headed, header, headers, headfirst, headfish, headfishes, headforemost, headgate, headgates, headgear, headgears, headhunt, headhunted, headhunter, headhunters, headhunting, headhunts, headier, headiest, headily, headiness, headinesses, heading, headings, headlamp, headlamps, headland, headlands, headless, headlessness, headlessnesses, headlight, headlights, headline, headlined. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "He": absinthe, acalephe, ache, affiche, anastrophe, antistrophe, apache, apostrophe, attache, avalanche, babiche, backache, barouche, bathe, bathyscaphe, beclothe, bellyache, berdache, besoothe, blithe, bobeche, boche, breathe, brioche, broche, cache, caleche, caliche, capuche, caroche, cartouche, catastrophe, ceviche, cliche, cloche, clothe, corniche, creche, debouche, demarche, douche, earache, eche, ecocatastrophe, ensheathe, enswathe, enwreathe, epistrophe, farouche, fiche, fleche. (additional references) | |
Words containing "He": aahed, abashed, abashes, abhenries, abhenry, abhenrys, abolished, abolisher, abolishers, abolishes, absinthes, acalephes, accomplished, accomplisher, accomplishers, accomplishes, accouchement, accouchements, accoucheur, accoucheurs, acetaminophen, acetaminophens, acetophenetidin, acetophenetidins, ached, achene, achenes, achenial, aches, acidhead, acidheads, adhere, adhered, adherence, adherences, adherend, adherends, adherent, adherently, adherents, adherer, adherers, adheres, adhering, adhesion, adhesional, adhesions, adhesive, adhesively, adhesiveness, adhesivenesses. (additional references) | |
| |
"He" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: bhe, bhi, eha, Ehb, Eheu, ehg, ehk, ehl, ehp, eht, fha, Fhe, gh, ghe, gheg, hae, hb, Hbe, Hce, hd, hea, heb, hec, Hecq, hed, hee, hef, heg, heh, hei, hej, hek, heo, hes, heu, hev, hez, hge, hh, Hhi, hj, hk, hle, hme, hne, hre, hseq, hte, hu, hv, hve, hwe, hx, hye, hz, Ihe, khe, lhe, mhe, nh, Nha, Nhe, nhek, Nhi, nhu, phe, rhe, uhe, uhv, vha, vhe, Zhi. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
Direct Anagrams: eh. | |
| Words containing the letters "e-h" | |
+1 letter: edh, eth, feh, hae, heh, hem, hen, hep, her, hes, het, hew, hex, hey, hie, hoe, hue, peh, she, the, yeh. | |
+2 letters: ache, ahem, beth, chef, chew, chez, each, eath, eche, echo, edhs, elhi, epha, etch, eths, fehs, ghee, hade, haed, haem, haen, haes, haet, hake, hale, hame, hare, hate, have, haze, head, heal, heap, hear, heat, hebe, heck, heed, heel, heft, hehs, heil, heir, held, hell, helm, helo, help, heme, hemp, hems, hens, hent, herb, herd, here, herl, herm, hern, hero, hers, hest, heth, hets, hewn, hews, hide, hied, hies, hike, hire, hive, hoed, hoer, hoes, hoke, hole, home, hone, hope, hose, hove, howe, hued, hues, huge, hype, hyte, jehu, khet, lech, lehr, mesh, meth, ohed, okeh, pech, pehs, phew, resh, rhea, shea, shed, shes, shew, shoe, teth, thae, thee, them, then, thew, they, whee, when, whet, whew, whey, yeah, yech. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Images: Digital Art | 9. Sounds 10. Quotations: Familiar 11. Quotations: Historic 12. Quotations: Fiction | 13. Quotations: Non-fiction 14. Quotations: Spoken 15. Quotations: Speeches 16. Usage Frequency | 17. Names: Frequency 18. Names: Derived from 19. Expressions 20. Expressions: Internet | 21. Translations: Modern 22. Translations: Ancient 23. Bible Trace 24. Abbreviations | 25. Acronyms 26. Derivations 27. Anagrams 28. Bibliography |
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