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Definition: Hazard |
HazardNoun1. A source of danger; "drinking alcohol is a health hazard". 2. An unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another; "bad luck caused his downfall"; "we ran into each other by pure chance". 3. An obstacle on a golf course. Verb1. Put forward, of a guess; "I am guessing that the price of real estate will rise again". 2. Put at risk; "I will stake my good reputation for this". 3. Take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome; "When you buy these stocks you are gambling". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "hazard" was first used: 1167. (references) |
Etymology: Hazard \Haz"ard\, noun. [French hazard, Spanish azar an unforeseen disaster or accident, an unfortunate card or throw at dice, probably from Arabic zahr, z[=a]r, a die, which, with the article al the, would give azzahr, azz[=a]r.]. (references) |
| Domain | Definition |
Environment | 1. Potential for radiation, a chemical or other pollutant to cause human illness or injury. 2. In the pesticide program, the inherent toxicity of a compound. Hazard identification of a given substances is an informed judgment based on verifiable toxicity data from animal models or human studies. (references) |
Geological | A risk. An object or situation that has the possibility of injury or damage. (references) |
| See earthquake hazard. (references) | |
Health | A source of potential harm from past, current, or future exposures. (references) |
Mathematics | In general, a word implying the existence of chance of risk. Specialised usage occurs principally in connection with life analysis of physical systems or components. Source: European Union. (references) |
Medicine | A possible source or cause of an accident. Source: European Union. (references) |
Meteorology & Standards | A set of conditions in the operation of a product or system with the potential for initiating an accident sequence. Source: European Union. (references) |
Public Administration | The probability of the occurrence of a disaster caused by a natural phenomenon(earthquake, cyclone), or by failure of man-made sources of energy(nuclear reactor, industrial explosion)or by uncontrolled human activity(overgrazing, heavy-traffic, conflict); -UNDRO. In a broader sense, includes vulnerability, elements at risk and the consequences of risk. Source: European Union. (references) |
| A threatening event, or the probability of occurence of a potentially damaging phenomenon within a given time period and area. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Hazard is a term used in evaluating safety: A hazard is a potential unwanted event.In computer architecture, a hazard is a problem inherent in pipelined processors.
See also : Risk, Worker safety and health. For the game of chance, see Hazard_(game) See also Hazard, Kentucky, United States of America
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Hazard."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
In computer architecture, a hazard is a potential problem that can happen in a pipelinedd processor. There are typically three types of hazards: data hazards, branching hazards, and structural hazards.Instructions in a pipelined processor are performed in several stages, so that at any given time several instructions are being executed, and instructions may not be completed in desired order.
A hazard occurs when two or more of these simultaneous (possibly out of order) instructions conflict.
Data Hazards
Data hazards occur when data is modified. There are three situations it can occur in:
- Read after Write (RAW): Memory is modified and read soon after. Because the first instruction may not have finished writing to memory, the second instruction may use incorrect data.
- Write after Read (WAR)
- Write after Write (WAW): Two instrutions that write to memory are performed. The first one issued may finish second, and therefore leave the memory with an incorrect data value.
Structural Hazards
A structural hazard occurs when a part of the processor's hardware is needed by two or more instructions at the same time. A structural hazard might occur, for instance, if a program were to execute a branch instruction followed by a computation instruction. Because they are executed in parallel, and because branching is typically slow (requiring a comparison, program counter-related computation, and writing to registers), it is quite possible (depending on architecture) that the computation instruction and the branch instruction will both require the ALU at the same time.
Branch Hazards
Branching hazards occuring when the processor is told to branch - IE, if a certain condition is true, jump from one part of the instructions to another one - not necessarily the next one sequentially. In such a case, the processor cannot tell in advance whether or not it should process the next instruction (when it may instead have to move to a distant instruction).This can result in the processor doing unwanted actions.
Eliminating Hazards
There are several established techniques for either (a) preventing hazards from occuring, or (b) working around them if they do.
Forwarding
Forwarding is used to work around data hazards. It involves feeding output data into a previous stage of the pipeline.For instance, if we write the value 3 register 1, (which already contains a 6), and then add 7 to register 1 and store the result in 2. Following execution, register 2 should contain the value 10. However, because the second instruction adds 7 to the old value (6), register 2 would contain 13 instead. To prevent this, we feed back the output of the first instruction (3) into the previous stage(s) of the pipeline. That stage of the pipeline now has two inputs - the new value from the next stage (3) and the old, unwanted value from the previous stage (6). Therefore, it is necessary to add add control logic to determine which input to use.
Bubbling the Pipeline
Bubbling the pipeline (a technique also known as a pipeline break or pipeline stall) is a method for preventing branch and structural hazards from occuring. As instructions are fetched, control logic determines whether or not a hazard could/will occur. If this is true, then the control logic inserts NOPs into the pipeline. Thus, before the next instruction (which will cause the hazard) is executed, the previous one will be suffeciently complete to prevent the hazard. If the number of NOPs is equal to the number of stages in the pipeline, the processor has been cleared of all instructions and can proceed free from hazards. This is called flushing the pipeline. All forms of stalling introduce a delay before the processor can resume execution.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Hazard (computer architecture)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Hazard is a game played with only two dice; any number of people may play. The chief things in the game are the Main and the Chance. The chance is the caster's and the main is the setter's.There can be no main thrown above 9, nor under 5; so that 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are all the mains which are flung at Hazard. Chances and nicks are from 4 to 10. Thus 4 is a chance to 9, 5 to 8, 6 to 7, 7 to 6, 8 to 5, and 9 and 10 a chance to 5, 6, 7, and 8; in short, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are chances to any main, if any of these 'nick' it not.
Nicks are either when the chance is the same with the main, as 5 and 5, 6 and 6, 7 and 7, and so on; or 6 and 12, 7 and 11, 8 and 12, where observe, that 12 is out to 9, 7, and 5, and 11 is out to 9, 8, 6, and 5.
To illustrate the game, consider this example. Let 7 be the main named. The caster throws 5, and that is his chance; and so he has 5 to 7. If the caster throws his own chance he wins all the money set to him by the setter; but if he throws 7, which is the main, he must pay as much money as is on the table.
If, again, 7 be the main, and the caster throws 11, that is a nick, and sweeps away all the money on the table; but if he throws a chance he must wait which will come first.
The worst chances in the game are 4 to 10, and 7 is considered the best and easiest main to be thrown. It might be thought that 6 and 8 should admit of no difference in advantage to 7, but it is just the reverse, although 6, 7, and 8 have eight equal chances.
For 6, or sice, we have quatre-duce, cinque-ace, and two treys; for 8, we have sice-duce, cinque-trey, and two quatres; but the disadvantage is in the doublets required -- two treys, two quatres; therefore sice-duce is easier thrown than two quatres, and so, consequently, cinque-ace or quatre-duce sooner than two treys.
'Hazard is certainly the most bewitching game that is played with dice; for when a man begins to play, he knows not when to leave off; and having once accustomed himself to it, he hardly ever after minds anything else.' [The Compleat Gamester, by Richard Seymour, Esq. 1739]
As this game is of a somewhat complicated character, another account of it, which appeared in the Pall Mall Gazette for Sept. 3, 1869, may be useful.
'The players assemble round a circular table, a space being reserved for the "groom-porter," who occupies a somewhat elevated position, and whose duty it is to call the odds and see that the game is played correctly. Whoever takes the box and dice places in the centre of the table as much money as he wishes to risk, which is at once covered with an equal amount either by some individual speculator, or by the contributions of several. The player (technically called the "caster") then proceeds to call a "main." There are five mains on the dice, namely, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9; of these he mentally selects that one which either chance or superstition may suggest, calls it aloud, shakes the box, and delivers the dice. If he throws the exact number he called, he "nicks" it and wins; if he throws any other number (with a few exceptions, which will be mentioned), he neither wins nor loses. The number, however, which he thus throws becomes his "chance," and if he can succeed in repeating it before he throws what was his main, he wins; if not, he loses. In other words, having completely failed to throw his main in the first instance, he should lose, but does not in consequence of the equitable interference of his newly-made acquaintance, which constitutes itself his chance. For example, suppose the caster "sets" -- that is, places on the table -- a stake of L10, and it is covered by an equal amount, and he then calls 7 as his main and throws 5; the groom-porter at once calls aloud, "5 to 7" -- that means, 5 is the number to win and 7 the number to lose, and the player continues throwing until the event is determined by the turning up of either the main or the chance. During this time, however, a most important feature in the game comes into operation -- the laying and taking of the odds caused by the relative proportions of the main and the chance. These, as has been said, are calculated with mathematical nicety, are proclaimed by the groom-porter, and are never varied. In the above instance, as the caster stands to win with 5 and to lose with 7, the odds are declared to be 3 to 2 against him, inasmuch as there are three ways of throwing 7, and only two of throwing 5. As soon as the odds are declared, the caster may increase his stake by any sum he wishes, and the other players may cover it by putting down (in this instance) two-thirds of the amount, the masse, or entire sum, to await the turning up of either main or chance. If a player "throws out" three times in succession, the box passes to the next person on his left, who at once takes up the play. He may, however, "throw in" without interruption, and if he can do so some half-dozen times and back his luck, the gains will be enormous.
'The choice of a main is quite optional: many prefer 7 because they may make a coup at once by throwing that number or by throwing 11, which is a "nick" to 7, but to 7 only. Shrewd players, however, prefer some other main, with the view of having a more favourable chance to depend upon of winning both stake and odds. For example, let us reverse what was mentioned above, and suppose the caster to call 5 and throw 7; he then will have 7 as his chance to win with odds of 3 to 2 in his favour.
'Such is the game of English Hazard, at which large fortunes have been won and lost. It is exceedingly simple, and at times can become painfully interesting. Cheating is impossible, unless with loaded dice, which have been used and detected by their splitting in two, but never, perhaps, unless at some disreputable silver hell. The mode of remunerating the owner of the rooms was a popular one. The loser never paid, and the winner only when he succeeded in throwing three mains in succession; and even then the "box fee," as it was called, was limited to 5s. -- a mere trifle from what he must have gained. In French Hazard a bank is constituted at a board of green cloth, and the proceedings are carried on in a more subdued and regular mode than is the case in the rough-and-ready English game. Every stake that is "set" is covered by the bank, so that the player runs no risk of losing a large amount, when, if successful, he may win but a trifling one; but en revanche, the scale of odds is so altered as to put the double zero of roulette and the "aprez" of Rouge et Noir to the blush, and to operate most predjudicially to the player. In no case is an equal rate of odds between main and chance laid by the French "banquier," as is insisted on by the English groomporter; while again "direct nicks" alone are recognized by the former. Very extraordinary runs of luck have occurred at Hazard, one player sometimes throwing five, seven, and even eleven mains in a single hand. In such cases as these the peculiar feature in the French game becomes valuable, the bank being prepared to pay all winnings, while, generally speaking, a hand of six or seven mains at English Hazard would exhaust all the funds of the players, and leave the caster in the position of "setting the table" and finding the stakes totally unnoticed or only partially covered.
'In addition to the fixed rules of English Hazard, there are several regulations which require to be observed. The round table on which it is played has a deeply bevelled edge, which is intended to prevent the dice from landing on the floor, which would be no throw. Again, if either die after having left the box should strike any object on the table (such as a man's elbow or stick) except money, it would be called no throw. Again, each player has the privilege of "calling dice," even when the dice are in transitu, which, if done, renders the throw void, and causes another set to be handed to the caster by the groom-porter. Many a lucky coup has become manque by some captious player exercising this privilege, and many an angry rencontre has ensued between the officious meddler and the disappointed caster, who finds that he has nicked his main to no advantage. Sometimes one die remains in the box after the other has been landed; then the caster may either throw it quickly, or may tantalize those interested in the event by gently coaxing it from the bow. If one die lands on the top of another, it is removed by the groom-porter and declared a throw.
'Some thirty years ago English Hazard was a favourite game in Ireland, and Dublin could boast of three or four hells doing a brisk trade. The most frequented and longest established was called "The Coal Hole," being situated on the coal quay. Here, at any hour after midnight, a motley company might be seen, each individual, however, well known to the porter, who jealously scanned his features before drawing back the noiseless bolts which secured the door. The professional gambler trying to live by his winnings, the fashionable swell finishing his round of excitement, the struggling tradesman hoping to avert impending bankruptcy, the prize-fighter, and, more conspicuous than any, the keen-eyed usurer with his roll of notes and sheaf of bill stamps, were to be found there. Many strange scenes have occurred in this house, some followed by tragic consequences too painful to relate, others ridiculous and amusing. Here it was that an angry caster, having lost his last sovereign and his temper, also placed his black hat in the centre of the table, swore that it was white, and finding no one disposed to dispute his accuracy, flung himself from the room, and enabled the next player who had won so largely and smiled so good-humouredly to take the box in turn. But fortune deserted him also, and left him penniless, when, glaring savagely round the room, and striking the table violently, he thundered forth the inquiry, "Where was the rascal who said his hat was white?" It was here also (although the venue has been changed by story-mongers) that a well-known frequenter of the house, a sporting M.P., on one occasion dropped on the 'door or in the passage a bank-note without discovering his loss till he had reached home. On the next evening he returned to inquire for it in a forlorn-hope spirit, when the following conversation took place between him and the porter: --
"M.P. I think, Simpson, I dropped a note here last night--did you see it?
"Porter. Shure, then, mony a note was dropped here beside yours.
"M. P. Ah! but I mean out of my pocket. I did not lose it at play. It was for L20, one of Ball's Bank, and very old."
'Hereupon the porter brought the senator into a corner, fumbled the note out of his fob, and, placing it in his hands, whispered, "Shure, I know it's yours, and here it is; but (looking cautiously round) wasn't it lucky that none of the jintlemin found it?"
'Another establishment much patronized in those days was in Nassau Street, where early in the evening unlimited Loo, never under "three and three," sometimes "six and six," might be indulged in, while a little later Roulette formed the attraction of an adjacent room, and still later at night all flocked down- stairs to the hot supper and rattling English Hazard. For one or two seasons St Stephen's Green lent one of its lordly mansions, formerly the residence of a cruel and witty Lord Chief Justice, to the votaries of fortune; here everything was done in grand style, with gilded saloons, obsequious waiters, and champagne suppers. All this has long since become matter of the past, and it would now puzzle the keenest detective to find the trace even of a silver hell in the Irish capital. No one will be hardy enough to defend the vice of gambling, but some have argued, and not without truth, that if a man will play it is far better for him to indulge the propensity at Hombourg or Baden, where he cannot lose more money than he has with him, than to do so in the cozy club-room of a private "salon," where indulgent friends may tempt him to become bankrupt not only in fortune but in reputation.'
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Hazard (game)."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Hazard is a city located in Perry County, Kentucky. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 4,806. It is the county seat of Perry County6.The town of Hazard, as well as Perry County, is named after U.S. Navy Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, known for his victory report during the War of 1812 stating, "We have met the enemy and they are ours." A post office named Perry Court House was established in the area in the 1820s, though some reports note that locals had always referred to the area as "Hazard". The town's name was officially changed to Hazard in 1854.
Long isolated by the surrounding mountains, Hazard met the outside world with the arrival of the railroad in 1912. Previously, the only ways in or out of the valley were 45 miles down the North Fork of the Kentucky River, or a 2-week trip over the surrounding mountains. The railroad brought boom times to the town, but the Great Depression saw prosperity end as quickly as it had begun.
Need details here, including the 1957 and 1963 floods, the rise and fall of the coal-based economy, and the building of State Highway 15, State Highway 80, and the Daniel Boone Turnpike.
The early 1980s CBS television series The Dukes of Hazzard brought visitors to the town, even though the fictional "Hazzard County" was set in Georgia. During and after the popular show's run, members of the show's cast were frequent visitors to Hazard's annual Black Gold Festival.
In July, 1999, Hazard received the dubious honor of being the first stop on President Bill Clinton's tour of poverty-stricken communities that had failed to share in the boom of the 1990s.
Geography
Hazard is located at 37°15'21" North, 83°11'37" West (37.255910, -83.193706)1.According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.2 km² (7.0 mi²). 18.2 km² (7.0 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 4,806 people, 1,946 households, and 1,266 families residing in the city. The population density is 264.3/km² (684.6/mi²). There are 2,291 housing units at an average density of 126.0/km² (326.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 90.26% White, 6.58% African American, 0.08% Native American, 2.06% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.15% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. 0.46% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.There are 1,946 households out of which 30.2% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.9% are married couples living together, 18.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% are non-families. 31.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 13.7% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.30 and the average family size is 2.88.
In the city the population is spread out with 21.9% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 39 years. For every 100 females there are 85.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 82.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $20,690, and the median income for a family is $27,226. Males have a median income of $34,398 versus $22,386 for females. The per capita income for the city is $14,782. 30.5% of the population and 30.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 44.3% are under the age of 18 and 13.9% are 65 or older.
Sources
- The City of Hazard's official web site
- An unofficial but exhaustive site: http://www.hazardkentucky.com/
- Pictures and information about President Clinton's 1999 visit at Hazard Television Station WSGS
Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Hazard, Kentucky."
(From Wikipedia, the free Encyclopedia)
Hazard is a village located in Sherman County, Nebraska. As of the 2000 census, the village had a total population of 66.Geography
Hazard is located at 41°5'25" North, 99°4'37" West (41.090144, -99.077041)1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.6 km² (0.2 mi²). 0.6 km² (0.2 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 66 people, 34 households, and 19 families residing in the village. The population density is 101.9/km² (260.7/mi²). There are 39 housing units at an average density of 60.2/km² (154.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the village is 100.00% White, 0.00% African American, 0.00% Native American, 0.00% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.00% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 34 households out of which 14.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% are married couples living together, 8.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 41.2% are non-families. 38.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 23.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 1.94 and the average family size is 2.55. In the village the population is spread out with 18.2% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 31.8% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 46 years. For every 100 females there are 120.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 107.7 males. The median income for a household in the village is $23,750, and the median income for a family is $30,000. Males have a median income of $18,750 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the village is $11,629. 6.9% of the population and 0.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 0.0% are under the age of 18 and 21.1% are 65 or older.Source: adapted by the editor from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a copyleft GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) from the article "Hazard, Nebraska."
| The following table is compiled from various sources, across various languages. When English abbreviations or acronyms come from a non-English source, this is noted. | |||
| Entry | Source | Expression | Field |
| HACCP | English | Hazard analysis and critical control points | Meteorology & Standards |
Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |||
Synonyms: HazardSynonyms: chance (n), fortune (n), jeopardy (n), luck (n), peril (n), risk (n), adventure (v), gamble (v), guess (v), jeopardize (v), run a risk (v), stake (v), take a chance (v), take chances (v), venture (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Belief | Think, hold; take, take it; opine, be of opinion, conceive, trow, ween, fancy, apprehend; have it, hold a belief, possess, entertain a belief, adopt a belief, imbibe a belief, embrace a belief, get hold of a belief, hazard, foster, nurture a belief, cherish a belief, have an opinion, hold an opinion, possess, entertain an opinion, adopt an opinion, imbibe an opinion, embrace an opinion, get hold of an opinion, hazard an opinion, foster an opinion, nurture an opinion, cherish an opinion; n. |
Chance 2 | Noun: chance, indetermination, accident, fortune, hazard, hap, haphazard, chance medley, random, luck, raccroc, casualty, contingence, adventure, hit; fate; (necessity); equal chance; lottery; tombola; toss up; turn of the table, turn of the cards; hazard of the die, chapter of accidents, fickle finger of fate; cast of the dice, throw of the dice; heads or tails, flip of a coin, wheel of Fortune; sortes, sortes Virgilianae. |
Danger | Noun: danger, peril, insecurity, jeopardy, risk, hazard, venture, precariousness, slipperiness; instability; defenselessness; Adjective: exposure; (liability); vulnerability; vulnerable point, heel of Achilles; forlorn hope; (hopelessness). |
Adventure, risk, hazard, venture, stake, set at hazard; run the gauntlet; (dare); engage in a forlorn hope. | |
Intention | Toss up; cast lots, draw lots; leave to chance, trust to chance, leave to the chapter of accidents, trust to the chapter of accidents; tempt fortune; chance it, take one's chance, take a shot at it (attempt); run the risk, run the chance, incur the risk, incur the chance, encounter the risk, encounter the chance; stand the hazard of the die. |
Risk, venture, hazard, stake; ante; lay, lay a wager; make a bet, wager, bet, gamble, game, play for;risk, venture, hazard, stake; ante; lay, lay a wager; make a bet, wager, bet, gamble, game, play for; play at chuck farthing. | |
Drawing lots; sortilegy, sortition; sortes, sortes Virgilianae; rouge et noir, hazard, ante, chuck-a-luck, crack-loo, craps, faro, roulette, pitch and toss, chuck, cup tossing, heads or tails cross and pile, poker-dice; wager; bet, betting; gambling; the turf. | |
Reasoning, | Verb: judge intuitively, judge by intuition; hazard a proposition, hazard a guess, talk at random. |
Resolution | At any rate, at any risk, at any hazard at any price, at any cost, at any sacrifice; at all hazards, at all risks, at all events; a bis ou a blanc; cost what it may; coute; a tort et a travers; once for all; neck or nothing; rain or shine. |
Supposition | Put forth; propound, propose; start, put a case, submit, move, make a motion; hazard out, throw out a suggestion, put forward a suggestion, put forward conjecture. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Replicants are like any other machine - they're either a benefit or a hazard. If they're a benefit, it's not my problem (Blade Runner; writing credit: Philip K. Dick; Hampton Fancher) Luke a hazard. (Less Than Perfect; writing credit: David Blum; Tom Hertz) Now what if somebody shut you down as a safety hazard, how would you feel then (Ally McBeal; writing credit: Henri Vernes) He'd be an appalling hazard to the whole escape (The Great Escape; writing credit: James Clavell) Occupational hazard of soul matesone's no good without the other (What Dreams May Come; writing credit: Ronald Bass) | |
Lyrics | My mother came to Hazard when I was just seven (Hazard; performing artist: Richard Marx) | |
Movie/TV Titles | Hazard (1948) Dark Hazard (1934) The Call of Hazard (1926) A Sawmill Hazard (1913) Hazard (1995) | |
Song Titles | Hazard (performing artist: Richard Marx) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books | |||
Periodicals |
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Theater & Movies | |||
Music |
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High Tech |
| ||
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | Thumbnail | Description & Credit |
 | Biological hazard logo, small shaded version. Biohazard. Credit: CDC. |  | Blue ice from Tracy Arm - about the size of a house. A definite hazard to navigation. Credit: Paths Less Taken - NOAA at the Ends of the Earth. |
 | A hazard of a diving marine biologist. Hammers on the head tend to discourage attack. Carcharinis Limbatus - grey shark on a murky day at the reef. Credit: The Coral Kingdom. |  | Dust hazard along highway south of Denio, Nevada, caused by August 1999 wildfires. Credit: Unknown. |
 | Workers in process of alleviating fire hazard. Credit: National Library of Medicine. |  | James Duff, fiddler, Hazard, Kentucky. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | William Hazard and Moses Augustus Field, three-quarter length portrait, seated. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Mining company town and homes near Hazard, Kentucky. Credit: Library of Congress. |
 | Carloads of coal in mining section near Hazard, Kentucky. Credit: Library of Congress. |  | Buffalo & Chicago steam packet empire state: M. Hazard, Commander. Credit: Library of Congress. |
Source: pictures compiled by the editor from various references; see picture credits. | |||
 |  |
| "Hazard 2" by Simon Cataudo Commentary: "Chemical storage barrels. Taken 1 August 2003." | "Tentacles 3" by Cerys Jones Commentary: "Originally a jar of pickled octopus bought a few years ago as a mascot (don't ask); I eventually decided to photograph these before they became a health hazard...." |
Source: photographs selected by the editor, with permission from the photographers. | |
| Author | Quotation |
Johnson | Few enterprises of great labor or hazard would be undertaken if we had not the power of magnifying the advantages we expect from them. |
William Penn | To hazard much to get much has more of avarice than wisdom. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | |
| Author | Date | Quotation |
John Locke | 1690 | What then could be done in this case to prevent the community from being exposed some time or other to eminent hazard, on one side or the other, by fixed intervals and periods, set to the meeting and acting of the legislative, but to intrust it to the prudence of some, who being present, and acquainted with the state of public affairs, might make use of this prerogative for the public good? and where else could this be so well placed as in his hands, who was intrusted with the execution of the laws for the same end? Thus supposing the regulation of times for the assembling and sitting of the legislative, not settled by the original constitution, it naturally fell into the hands of the executive, not as an arbitrary power depending on his good pleasure, but with this trust always to have it exercised only for the public weal, as the occurrences of times and change of affairs might require. (Second Treatise of Government) |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Emma | Austen, Jane | Wrapt up in a cloak of politeness, she seemed determined to hazard nothing |
Les Miserables | Hugo, Victor | By this word chance we mean, in some degree, hazard. |
King Richard III | Shakespeare, William | Slave, I have set my life upon a cast And I Will stand the hazard of the die. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | Noise exposures must be measured accurately and the degree of hazard communicated to employees. (references) | |
Among the various factors that can cause cancer, the prevalence of tobacco smoking represents the greatest public health hazard. (references) | ||
The panelists agree that an increase in body weight of 20 percent or more above desirable body weight constitutes an established health hazard. (references) | ||
Business | Sicurtech Expo, a bi-annual international exhibition, focuses on hazard protection and fire fighting. (references) | |
Asbestos found in building and pipework insulation and in vehicle braking systems is a serious health hazard. (references) | ||
Electrical equipment is used where explosion hazard or health considerations do not allow the use of internal combustion engines. (references) | ||
Economic History | Korea | The reforms aim at increasing transparency and investor confidence, and generally purging the sector of moral hazard, that is, the assumption that government would make good all losses and not permit large companies to fail. (references) |
Political Economy | Sudan | The vendors had been ordered to remove their stands 2 weeks earlier because they were considered to be an environmental hazard. (references) |
PANAMA | The labor code permits workers to remove themselves from situations that present an immediate health or safety hazard without jeopardizing their jobs, however this practice almost never occurs. (references) | |
Trade | Uk | Origin, weight and dimension, chemical composition and appropriate hazard warnings are required for consumer protection purposes on any product offered for retail sale. (references) |
Korea | The result was high levels of non-performing loans in the Korean banking system, due to distortions in credit allocation due to government controls; limited risk-analysis; weak prudential oversight; tightly bound societal relationships; and moral hazard arising from the widespread belief that the government would make good any and all losses. (references) | |
Thailand | Thailand's emphasis on exporting makes compliance with international standards important to companies manufacturing here . As of June 2001, 3,323 companies have been certified to be in compliance with ISO 9000 international standards, which represents an 88 percent increase from 2000 (1,770 companies) . Four hundred companies have been certified as compliant with ISO 14000 standards; this figure represents an increase of 51 percent from 2000 (265 companies) . In addition, there are 63 Thai food processors that have been certified to be in compliance with the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system. (references) | |
Travel | Sri Lanka | Bomb attacks remain the greatest terrorist hazard. (references) |
Spain | Catching a cab at a taxi stand should avoid this hazard. (references) | |
Worker Rights | Panama | Workers also have the right to remove themselves from situations that present an immediate health or safety hazard without jeopardizing their employment. (references) |
Lexicography | Devil's Dictionary | FASHION, n. A despot whom the wise ridicule and obey. A king there was who lost an eye In some excess of passion; And straight his courtiers all did try To follow the new fashion. Each dropped one eyelid when before The throne he ventured, thinking 'Twould please the king. That monarch swore He'd slay them all for winking. What should they do? They were not hot To hazard such disaster; They dared not close an eye -- dared not See better than their master. Seeing them lacrymose and glum, A leech consoled the weepers: He spread small rags with liquid gum And covered half their peepers. The court all wore the stuff, the flame Of royal anger dying. That's how court-plaster got its name Unless I'm greatly lying. Naramy Oof |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Franklin Pierce | 1853-1857 | Let the period be remembered as an admonition, and not as an encouragement, in any section of the Union, to make experiments where experiments are fraught with such fearful hazard. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Hazard" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 91.71% of the time. "Hazard" is used about 855 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 91.71% | 784 | 8,824 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 6.54% | 56 | 45,296 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 1.4% | 12 | 101,599 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.35% | 3 | 202,518 |
| Total | 100.00% | 855 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "hazard" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Hazard | Last name | 2,000 | 7,483 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
1. Hazard, CA 2. Hazard, KY (city, FIPS 35362) 3. Hazard, NE (village, FIPS 21765) |
Expressions using "hazard": at the hazard of his life ♦ bird strike hazard ♦ by hazard ♦ contract of hazard ♦ decreasing hazard rate ♦ electromagnetic radiation hazard ♦ environmental hazard ♦ fire hazard ♦ game of hazard ♦ hazard a guess ♦ hazard a proposition ♦ hazard a remark ♦ hazard assessment ♦ hazard beacon ♦ hazard out ♦ hazard perception test ♦ Hazard table ♦ hazard warning device ♦ health hazard ♦ moral hazard ♦ occupational hazard ♦ Oliver Hazard Perry ♦ radiation hazard ♦ road hazard sign ♦ set at hazard ♦ special hazard ♦ stand the hazard of the die ♦ To ru the hazard ♦ to run the hazard ♦ unventilated chemical hazard suit ♦ water hazard ♦ whole body hazard. Additional references. | |
| Hyphenated Usage | |
Beginning with "hazard": hazard-filled, hazard-free, hazard-prone. | |
Ending with "hazard": bio-hazard, fire-hazard, hap-hazard, water-hazard. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day | Expression | Frequency per Day |
duke of hazard | 411 | health hazard | 26 |
hazard | 233 | robert hazard | 25 |
hazard ky | 167 | natural hazard | 24 |
hazard communication | 143 | hazard pepe | 21 |
el hazard | 120 | hazard identification | 21 |
hazard insurance | 115 | bio hazard symbol | 20 |
hazard kentucky | 90 | duke general hazard lee | 19 |
hazard community college | 80 | hazard label | 18 |
bio hazard | 75 | oliver hazard perry | 17 |
smoking hazard | 54 | extreme hazard | 17 |
hazard sign | 45 | duke of hazard theme song | 16 |
avoidance hazard | 41 | occupational hazard | 16 |
characteristic code hazard paint | 39 | fire hazard | 16 |
hazard map | 39 | hazard assessment | 15 |
hazard symbol | 37 | hazard pay | 15 |
hazard communication standard | 31 | assessment hazard health | 15 |
environmental hazard | 30 | hazard osha | 15 |
hazard health public | 29 | moral hazard | 15 |
chemical hazard | 28 | hazard communication program | 15 |
el hazard hentai | 27 | biological hazard | 15 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Language | Translations for "hazard"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Albanian | vë në rrezik (imperil), shans (chance, fortuity, hap, hit, look in, luck, odds, opening, opportunity, possibility, prayer), rrezik (chance, danger, distress, fear, imminence, impendence, jeopardy, menace, peril, risk, riskiness), rastësi (accident, chance, fortuitousness, fortuity), lojë me zare, guxoj (dare, have courage, have the nerve, venture). (various references) | |
Arabic | مغامرة (adventure, adventurousness, enterprise, escapade, flier, flyer, foolhardiness, gamble, recklessness, risk, riskiness, throw, venture), مصادفة (accident, accidental, by chance, chance, coincidence, fortuitously, fortuity, haphazard, occurrence), مخاطرة (endangering, risk, venture), مجازفة (adventure, adventurousness, endangering, recklessness, risk, riskiness, temerity, venture), تصادف (contingent, run across), خطر (adventurous, advise, awkward, challenge, come, critical, danger, dangerous, embargo, fear, give smb. notice, importance, jeopardy, parlous, peril, perilous, poisonous, prohibition, proscription, risk, risky, unhealthy), خاطر (chance, risk, stake, take the plunge), جازف (adventure, chance, risk, run a risk, stick out one's neck). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | случай (call, case, chance, event, incident, occasion, thing, time), решавам се (risk), рискувам (adventure, chance, dare, gamble, jeopardize, pawn, risk, stake, take a chance, take a risk, tempt, venture), риск (adventure, cast, chance, gamble, jeopardy, peril, risk, venture), хазартна игра (gamble), шанс (break, chance, expectation, fluke, look in, odds, show), комар (gamble, gambling, gnat, mosquito), осмелявам се (adventure, dare, presume, venture), неудобство на терена, поставям на карта (venture), диагонална страна. (various references) | |
Chinese | 危险 (Danger, Dangerous, Peril, Perilous, risky). (various references) | |
Czech | hazardní hra (gamble), riziko (chance, gamble, peril, risk, venture), riskovat (chance one's luck, gamble, live dangerously, put one's head in to lion's mouth, risk, take a chance, venture), překážka (balk, bar, barrier, blockage, fence, hamper, hindrance, holdback, hurdle, impediment, jump, obstacle, obstruction, resistance, restriction, roadblock, rub, snag, trig), odvážit se (dare), nebezpeèí (danger, jeopardy, menace, peril, risk), náhoda (accident, chance, coincidence, contingent, fortuity, fortune, hap, random), dát v sázku (risk, venture). (various references) | |
Danish | risiko (risk), tilfælde (accidence, accident, affair, case, chance, matter), riskere (risk, venture). (various references) | |
Dutch | toevalligheid (accidence, accident, chance), toeval (accidence, accident, chance), risico (risk). (various references) | |
Esperanto | hazardo (accidence, chance), risko (risk), riski (risk, venture). (various references) | |
Faeroese | vága (dare, risk, venture), váði (risk). (various references) | |
Farsi | مخاطره (Adventure, Jeopardy, Menace, Peril, Risk, Venture), قمار (Die, Gamble), خطر (Danger, Jeopardy, Peril, Risk), اتفاق (Accidence, Case, Confederacy, Event, Federal, Fortuity, Joinder, Occurrence, Unison), درمعرض مخاطره قراردادن , بخطرانداختن (Imperil, Risk). (various references) | |
Finnish | vaarantaa (endanger, risk, venture), vaara (danger, hill, jeopardy, peril, risk). (various references) | |
French | risquer, risque, hasard (happening), danger, aléa. (various references) | |
Frisian | risiko (risk), noedzje (risk, venture), noed (risk). (various references) | |
German | risiko (chance, fear, gamble, peril, risk, venture), gefahr (danger, endangerment, jeopardy, peril, pitfall, risk, threat), Zufall (accidence, accident, chance, coincidence, contingency, fluke, fortuity, fortune, freak, hap, happenstance), Wagnis (hazardous business, risk, venture), riskieren (chance, gamble, peril, risk, to risk, venture). (various references) | |
Greek | κίνδυνος (danger). (various references) | |
Hebrew | מפגע (hurdle, nuisance, obstacle, target), לההין (chance, dare, venture), העזה (audacity, bravado, daring, impertinence, insolence, nerve, temerity, venture), סכון (danger, endangering, jeopardy, peril, risk, venture), סכנה (danger, jeopardy, menace, peril, threat). (various references) | |
Hungarian | kockázat (adventure, bubble, chance, jeopardy, risk, venture), veszély (danger, distress, imminence, jeopardy, lion in the pa |
