Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.

Definitions: Hamper |
HamperNoun1. A restraint that confines or restricts freedom (especially something used to tie down or restrain a prisoner). 2. A basket usually with a cover. Verb1. Prevent the progress or free movement of; "He was hampered in his efforts by the bad weather". 2. Put at a disadvantage; "The brace I have to wear is hindering my movements". Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. |
Date "hamper" was first used: 1316. (references) |
| Domain | Definitions |
Engineering & Technology | A container usually round but may be elliptical or polygonal, larger at top than at bottom, and of greater depth than width; having slatted sides or staves, and solid or fabricated bottom. . Source: European Union. (references) |
| A container made of pieces of thin veneer, used for packing berries, vegetables, etc. Source: European Union. (references) | |
| A container, usually round but may be elliptical or polygonal, larger at top than at bottom, and of greater depth than width. . . Commonly used for shipping fruits and vegetables. Source: European Union. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
Synonyms: HamperSynonyms: bond (n), shackle (n), trammel (n), trammels (n), cramp (v), halter (v), handicap (v), hinder (v). (additional references) |
| Context | Synonyms within Context (source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus). |
Hindrance | Cramp, hamper; clog, clog the wheels; cumber; encumber, incumber; handicap; choke; saddle with, load with; overload, lay; lumber, trammel, tie one's hands, put to inconvenience; incommode, discommode; discompose; hustle, corner, drive into a corner. |
Receptacle | Vessel, vase, bushel, barrel; canister, jar; pottle, basket, pannier, buck-basket, hopper, maund, creel, cran, crate, cradle, bassinet, wisket, whisket, jardiniere, corbeille, hamper, dosser, dorser, tray, hod, scuttle, utensil; brazier; cuspidor, spittoon. |
| Source: adapted from Roget's Thesaurus. | |
Crosswords: Hamper |
| English words defined with "hamper": clothes basket, clothes hamper ♦ food hamper ♦ Hampered, Hampering, Hanaper, Hanaper office, hobble ♦ laundry basket ♦ Main-hamper ♦ short-circuit ♦ voider. (references) |
| Specialty definitions using "hamper": FIG CAPRIFIER ♦ PROTECTIVE-CLOTHING ISSUER ♦ shothole drill. (references) |
| Etymologies containing "hamper": Hammercloth, Hanaper ♦ Main-hamper ♦ Top-hamper. (references) |
| Domain | Usage | |
Screenplays | Go get yourself a new assistant. If you need me, I'll be in your hamper! (Will & Grace; writing credit: Evan Weinstein) | |
Clever | Adult Education Topic: Fundamental differences between the laundry hamper and the floor. Pictures and explanatory graphics. (references; author: unknown) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | ||
| Domain | Title | ||
Books |
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Consumer Goods |
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Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Thumbnail | Description & Credit | ![]() | The Anatomist Overtaken by the Watch... Carrying off Miss W--ts in a Hamper. / William Austin.Credit: National Library of Medicine. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |||
| Title | Author | Quote |
Sylvie and Bruno | Carroll, Lewis | The carriage was ordered round, the hamper, containing our contribution to the Picnic, was duly stowed away, and we set forth. |
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man | Joyce, James | Rody Kickham had greaves in his number and a hamper in the refectory. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| Subject | Topic | Quote |
Health | It is a clinical behavioral problem that can hamper recovery and rehabilitation and may even lead to suicide. (references) | |
However, serologic cross-reactivity between different genogroups is also observed and may hamper epidemiologic distinction between the ehrlichial infections. (references) | ||
Business | The Saudi Riyal is freely convertible and there are no regulations that hamper inward or outward remittance of capital or profits. (references) | |
The local currency, the Hong Kong dollar (HKD), is freely convertible and there are no regulations that hamper inward or outward remittance of capital or profits. (references) | ||
The country's worsening economic situation, the lack of transparency in the regulatory system, involvement of state institutions in commerce and numerous red-tape problems hamper the process of real development within the sector. (references) | ||
Children | Fiji | Limited financial resources hamper the Government's commitment to children's rights and welfare. (references) |
Congo | Extremely poor economic circumstances often hamper parents' ability to afford these added expenses, meaning that children may not be able to attend school. (references) | |
Costa Rica | Traditional attitudes and the inclination to treat such crimes as misdemeanors sometimes hamper legal proceedings against those who commit crimes against children. (references) | |
Civil Liberties | Nigeria | Student groups alleged that numerous strikes, inadequate facilities, and the rise of cultism (or gangs) on campuses continued to hamper educational progress. (references) |
Economic History | Turkey | Large public sector deficits and resulting high inflation continue to hamper the economy. (references) |
Japan | There are no significant regulatory barriers that hamper U.S. exports to Japan except for flame retardancy regulations. (references) | |
Human Rights | Mexico | Police abuse and inefficiency hamper investigations. (references) |
Peru | Overcrowding and inadequate infrastructure hamper efforts to improve prison living conditions. (references) | |
Thailand | Modest staffing and resources as well as the lack of power to prosecute or punish violators are expected to hamper its ability to carry out its mandate. (references) | |
Political Economy | Nicaragua | The weakness of the judiciary continued to hamper prosecution of human rights abusers in some cases. (references) |
PHILIPPINES | Serious problems continue to hamper the effective operation of agencies tasked with IPR enforcement. (references) | |
Bangladesh | Bangladesh is a very poor country, occasionally beset by natural disasters that further hamper development. (references) | |
Political Rights | Malaysia | Other government measures hamper the opposition's ability to compete with the incumbent ruling coalition. (references) |
Senegal | Although there are no legal impediments to their participation in government and politics, cultural and educational factors hamper them. (references) | |
Trade | Italy | However, where EU standards do not exist, Italy can set its own national requirements and some of these have been known to hamper imports of game meat, processed meat products, frozen foods, alcoholic beverages, and snack foods/confectionary products. (references) |
Worker Rights | Nauru | The transient nature of the mostly foreign work force and the relative prosperity of the citizenry also have served to hamper efforts to organize the labor force. (references) |
Kyrgyz Republic | Despite an improvement in economic growth, the previous deterioration in enforcement of existing regulations continued to hamper investment to improve health and safety standards. (references) | |
Source: compiled by the editor from ICON Group International, Inc.; see credits. | ||
| Speaker | Term | Phrase(s) |
Calvin Coolidge | 1923-1929 | The time is arriving when we can have further tax reduction, when, unless we wish to hamper the people in their right to earn a living, we must have tax reform. |
Harry S. Truman | 1945-1953 | To wait would cause the controls to break down in a short time, and would hamper our production and employment program. |
Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
| "Hamper" is generally used as a noun (singular) -- approximately 48.52% of the time. "Hamper" is used about 169 times out of a sample of 100 million words spoken or written in English. Its rank is based on over 700,000 words used in the English language. Some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus. (note: percents less than one-hundredth of one percent have been omitted) |
| Parts of Speech | Percent | Usage per 100 Million Words | Rank in English |
| Noun (singular) | 48.52% | 82 | 36,594 |
| Lexical Verb (infinitive) | 44.38% | 75 | 38,535 |
| Lexical Verb (base form) | 6.51% | 11 | 106,044 |
| Noun (proper) | 0.59% | 1 | 339,140 |
| Total | 100.00% | 169 | N/A |
Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits.
| The following table summarizes the usage of "hamper" based on a population census conducted in the United States. Ranks and frequencies are based on all names reported and classified. |
| Name | Usage/Gender | Usage per 100 million Persons | Rank in USA |
| Hamper | Last name | 100 | 84,100 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from several corpora; see credits. | |||
Expressions using "hamper": christmas hamper ♦ clothes hamper ♦ food hamper ♦ hamper success ♦ top hamper. Additional references. | |
| Hypenated Usage | |
Ending with "hamper": Main-hamper, Top-hamper. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| The following statistics estimate the number of searches per day across the major English-language search engines as identified by various trade publications. Hyperlinks lead to commercial use of the expression at Amazon.com. |
| Expression | Frequency per Day |
hamper | 450 |
laundry hamper | 248 |
christmas hamper | 145 |
clothes hamper | 133 |
food hamper | 130 |
gift hamper | 71 |
picnic hamper | 70 |
wicker hamper | 46 |
luxury hamper | 27 |
uk hamper | 23 |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. | |
| Language | Translations for "hamper"; alternative meanings/domain in parentheses. | |
Afrikaan | bemoeilik (hinder, thwart). (various references) | |
Albanian | vështirësoj (hinder), shportë (basket, pannier, pot, tray), pengoj (arrest, baffle, balk, baulk, block, clog, cross, cumber, delay, detain, embarrass, encumber, estop, foil, forbid, frustrate, get in the way, handicap, hedge in, hinder, hobble, impede, inhibit, interfere, interfere with, interrupt, jam, keep away from, let, obstruct, occlude, oppose, preclude, prevent, prohibit, resist, set back, shut in, stumble, trammel, traverse, trouble), kanistër për rroba (clothes basket), frenoj (apply the brakes, be an obstacle to, bit, brake, check, choke up, clog, contain, control, Cork, damp, delay, detain, deter, fetter, guard, hang up, hedge in, hold, hold back, hold in, inhibit, interrupt, keep in, put back, rein, retard, set back, stay put, stem, stop). (various references) | |
Arabic | كبح (arrest, bridle, check, contain, control, curb, hinder, hold, hold back, inhibit, inhibition, keep back, keep down, keep under control, leash, master, press, prevent, rein, repress, repression, restrain, restraint, steady, subdual, subdue, suppress, suppression, tame, withhold), عائق (balk, bar, barrier, clog, deterrent, difficulty, disadvantage, drag, embarrassment, encumbrance, fencing, handicap, hindrance, impediment, inconvenience, interference, jam, liability, morass, obstruction, obstructive, restraint, setback, shackle, stick, stumbling block, stymie, tie, trammel, traverse), عرقل (mire, obstacle, obstruct, ravel, tie up), السبت سلة كبيرة, أزعج (ail, annoy, beset, bother, burn, discompose, disquiet, disrupt, distress, disturb, get in the way, get on smb.'s nerves, gig, gnaw, grate, harass, importune, incommode, inconvenience, infest, intrude, irk, irritate, jolt, molest, nag, niggle, obsess, offend, pain, peck, peeve, perturb, pester, plague, possess, prickle, put out, rasp, rattle, ruffle, saddle, torment, trouble, upset, vex), أعاق (baulk, clog, disserve, fix, obstacle, obstruct, traverse), شوش (bedevil, befuddle, blanket, confuse, demoralize, derange, disarrange, dislocate, disorganize, disrupt, disturb, dizzy, embroil, fog, fuddle, garble, gum up, jam, jumble, mire, mix up, muddle, muddy, obfuscate, obscure, outface, parasite, perplex, perturb, rattle, ravel, scramble, smudge, unhinge, unsettle). (various references) | |
Bulgarian | тежък багаж, кошница с капак, възпрепятствувам (forbid, incapacitate, inhibit, prohibit), обременявам (burden, cumber, encumber, load, lumber, overburden, saddle, weigh down, weight, weight down), затруднявам (beat, complicate, embarrass, encumber, hinder, nonplus, overwhelm, put out, stick, straiten, stump, trouble), препятствие (barrier, contrariety, dike, fence, hedge, hurdle, interference, jump, obstacle, obstruction, stop, stumbling block), препречване (interposal, interposition, obstruction). (various references) | |
Chinese | 笥 (trunk), 篮. (various references) | |
Czech | ztìžovat (hinder, impede, make difficult), překážka (balk, bar, barrier, blockage, fence, hazard, hindrance, holdback, hurdle, impediment, jump, obstacle, obstruction, resistance, restriction, roadblock, rub, snag, trig), překážet (get in the way, hinder, impede, interrupt, resist, restrain, stymie, tie up), koš (basket, bin, pannier), dárkový koš, brzdit (apply the brakes, backpedal, brake, hinder, impede). (various references) | |
Danish | tremmekurv (crate), tremmekasse (cattle crush, crate, crate with slatted sides and open tops, crush, holding crate), spånkurv (basket, chip basket). (various references) | |
Dutch | houten bakje (crate), verstoppen (block, clog, conceal, constipate, hide, hinder, impede, obstruct, plug up, stand in the way of, stop up), rugkorf, opstoppen (hinder, impede, obstruct, stand in the way of, stemming, tamping), obstructie voeren (hinder, impede, obstruct, stand in the way of), mand (basket, chip basket, creel), Container (container, container pot, flask), bemoeilijken (thwart), bemoeilýken (hinder, thwart), belemmeren (bar, bother, disturb, hinder, impede, inhibit, obstruct, oppose, prevent, stand in the way of, trouble). (various references) | |
Esperanto | obstrukci (hinder, impede, obstruct, stand in the way of), malfaciligi (hinder, thwart). (various references) | |
Faeroese | tippa (block, clog, hinder, impede, obstruct, plug up, stand in the way of, stop up), tarna (hinder, impede, obstruct, stand in the way of), tálma (hinder, impede, obstruct, stand in the way of), draga út (hinder, impede, obstruct, stand in the way of). (various references) | |
Farsi | مختل کردن (Disarrange, Disorder, Disorganize, Queer, Unhinge, Violate), مانع شدن (Ail, Debar, Exclude, Hinder, Holdup, Impede, Inhibit, Obstruct, Obturate, Prevent, Rein, Resist, Revoke, Stop, Stymie, Suppress), قید (Adverb, Assurance, Bind, Bridle, Clog, Constraint, Encumbrance, Manacle, Proviso, Qualification, Reservation, Rocker, Shackle, Tie), ازکاربازداشتن . (various references) | |
Finnish | pärekori (basket, chip basket). (various references) | |
French | Panier. (various references) | |
German | hindern (bar, be a hindrance, be disturbing, debar, deter, hinder, impede, incapacitate, inhibit, obstruct, prevent, prohibit, stymie, to detain, to embarrass, to inhibit, to stymie), geschenkkorb, erschweren (aggravate, bedevil, hedge about, hedge around, hedge in, hedge round, hinder, impede, make more difficult, thwart, to aggravate). (various references) | |
Greek | κάνιστρο μεταφοράς (basket, chip basket), κάλαθοσ (crate, pannier), κλούβα (crate, paddy wagon), καφάσι (crate, lattice, skep), καλάθι (basket, chip basket, cradle, crate, nacelle), κοφίνι (basket, crate, pannier), παρεμποδίζω (balk, block, encumber, hobble, inhibit, intercept, trammel), εμποδίζω (bar, block, clog, cross, cumber, deter, embarrass, encumber, handicap, hinder, impede, keep from, obstruct, preclude, prevent, stunt, stymie, thwart, to catch, to clench, trammel, trig). (various references) | |
Hebrew | לשים מכשול (balk, baulk, obstruct), ל"פריע (cut in, disturb, get in the way, hinder, interfere, interrupt, supervene). (various references) | |
Hungarian | piaci kosár, szennyestartó (linen pin). (various references) | |
Indonesian | merintangi (debar, embarrass, encumber, hinder, impede, incommode, obstruct), menghambat (hinder, impede, obstruct), keranjang (basket, creel). (various references) | |
Italian | impedire (arrest, baffle, bar, check, circumvent, clog, debar, detain, encumber, fetter, forestall, hinder, impede, inhibit, keep, obstruct, obviate, prevent, trammel). (various references) | |
Japanese Kanji | 葛 (wicker clothes hamper). (various references) | |
Japanese Katakana | つづら (wicker clothes hamper). (various references) | |
Korean | 버" 리. (various references) | |
Manx | lhiebeidjaghey. (various references) | |
Norwegian | hindre (encumber, hinder, impede, inhibit), hemme (inhibit), stor kurv. (various references) | |
Pig Latin | amperhay.(various references) | |
Portuguese | cesta (basket, chip basket, frail). (various references) | |
Romanian | handicapa (handicap, hinder), stânjeni (cumber, disturb, embarrass, encumber, hinder, impede, inconvenience, intrude upon, trouble), pachet cu alimente, geamantan de nuiele, frâna (arrest, check, curb, hinder, lock, put on the brake), coş (acne, basket, basketful, blackhead, cage, chest, chimney, creel, flue, grog-blossom, hopper, pannier, rising, smoke stack, spot, tidy, tilt), încurca (complicate, confound, confuse, cumber, discomfit, embrangle, embroil, entangle, floor, foul, gravel, hash, hinder, intertangle, involve, jumble, maze, medley, muddle, nonplus, perplex, pile up, pose, put out, puzzle, restrain, shuffle, sputter, stump, tangle, trouble), împiedica (arrest, back, balk, baulk, block, brake, check, circumvent, clog, delay, detain, deter, embarrass, encumber, forbid, foreclose, help, hinder, hitch, hobble, hold, hopple, impede, inhibit, intercept, lock, obstruct, prevent, put on the brakes, restrain, shackle, shut out, snag, stay, stop, trammel, withhold). (various references) | |
Russian | тормозить (brake, damp, lock, skid, slow down), корзина с крышкой, мешать (be in the road, be in the way, come between, disturb, estop, get in smb.'s road, get in the way, head off, incommode, interfere, interfered, interfered with, interrupt, mix, obstruct, oppose, overslaugh, poke, preclude), затруднять (cumber, discommode, embarrass, encumber, obstruct, trouble). (various references) | |
Scottish | cliabh (a basket, basket, creel, man's), cìsean. (various references) | |
Serbo-Croatian | sputati (bind, cramp, fetter, hobble, hopple, tie, trammel), smetati (annoy, bother, disturb, hinder, impede, inconvenience, interfere with), korpa (basket, crib, pannier). (various references) | |
Spanish | dificultar (hinder, obstruct, thwart), canasta (basket, canasta, chip basket, crate, wicker). (various references) | |
Swedish | korg (basket, car, pad, pottle, spinner basket), hindra (balk, bar, baulk, clog, constrain, contain, cramp, cross, cumber, curb, detain, embarrass, encumber, forbid, foreclose, hamstring, hedge, hinder, impede, inhibit, interfere with, keep back, obstruct, occlude, preclude, prevent, put back, short circuit, snag, stay, stymie, trammel, traverse). (various references) | |
Thai | ทำให้หยุ"ชะงัก. (various references) | |
Turkish | zorluk çıkarmak (demur, fash, make it warm for smb.), sepet (basket, scuttle, skep), piknik sepeti, kapaklı sepet, köstek olmak (fetter, shackle), engellemek (balk, bar, baulk, block, circumvent, clamp the lid on smth., clog, counterwork, cramp, Crimp, cross, cumber, dam, dam up, defeat, embarrass, encumber, fetter, foil, gum up, hedge, hedge about, hedge around, hinder, hobble, impede, inhibit, keep down, keep from, obstruct, preclude, prevent from, put the lid on smth., resist, restrain, save, shut out, snag, stem, stymie, surety, trammel), engel olmak (baffle, balk, be in smb.'s road, bind, blanket, clip one's wings, debar, encumber, estop, forbid, frustrate, handicap, hinder, intercept, interfere with, militate against, Nix, obstruct, oppose, prevent, prohibit, put a spoke in smb.'s wheel, put a stay on, put back, put off, scotch, shackle, thwart), aksatmak (bar, bother, cast a damp over, disturb, hamstring, hinder, inhibit, limp, make limp, paralyse, paralyze, prevent, trouble). (various references) | |
Ukranian | укладати в кошик, великий плетений кошик. (various references) | |
Welsh | cawell (basket, cradle), balleg (net, purse). (various references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various translation references. | ||
| Language | Period | Translations |
| Latin | 500 BCE-Modern | cofini, cofinis, cofino, cofinos, ero, erodionem, eroque, inpediantur, inpediaris, inpedias, inpediat, inpediatur, inpediebar, inpediret, inpedit, inpeditus, inpedivit, sporta, sportas. (various references) |
| Old French | 900-1400 | hanepier. (various references) |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references. | ||
Derivations | |
Words beginning with "hamper": hampered, hamperer, hamperers, hampering, hampers. (additional references) | |
Words ending with "hamper": champer. (additional references) | |
Words containing "hamper": champers, champerties, champertous, champerty, unhampered. (additional references) | |
| |
"Hamper" is suggested in spellcheckers for the following: Ahmer, Amper, champery, Ghaamprh, Haimbe, Haimer, Halpert, hambre, Hambrey, hamner, hampaerd, Hampas, hampen, Hampi, hampre, haner, happer, hempe, hemper, Hesper, Himler, humper, shamper. (additional references) | |
| Source: compiled by the editor, based on several corpora (additional references). | |
| # of Phoneme Matches | Pronunciation | Word(s) rhyming with "hamper" (pronounced ha"mper) |
| 4 | -a" m p er | camper, damper, pamper, scamper, Stamper, tamper. |
| 3 | -m p er | bumper, distemper, dumper, jumper, lumper, mumper, shrimper, simper, swamper, temper, Thumper, whimper. |
Source: compiled by the editor (additional references); see credits. | ||
Scrabble® Enable2K-Verified Anagrams | |
| Words within the letters "a-e-h-m-p-r" | |
-1 letter: harem, herma, raphe, remap. | |
-2 letters: ahem, aper, epha, haem, hame, hare, harm, harp, heap, hear, hemp, herm, mare, pare, pear, perm, pram, ramp, rape, ream, reap, rhea. | |
-3 letters: amp, ape, are, arm, ear, era, hae, ham, hap, hem, hep, her, mae, map, mar, pah, pam, par, pea, peh, per, rah, ram, rap, rem, rep. | |
-4 letters: ae, ah, am, ar, eh, em, er, ha, he, hm, ma, me, pa, pe, re. | |
| Words containing the letters "a-e-h-m-p-r" | |
+1 letter: champer, hampers. | |
+2 letters: amphorae, camphire, champers, ephemera, grapheme, hampered, hamperer, metaphor, prehuman, samphire, seraphim, teraphim. | |
+3 letters: camphires, champerty, ephemerae, ephemeral, ephemeras, epiphragm, graphemes, graphemic, hamperers, hampering, harumphed, hyperemia, hypergamy, marchpane, metaphors, misphrase, pachyderm, parchment, prehumans, samphires, semaphore, seraphims, shampooer. | |
+4 letters: alphameric, amphimacer, amphoteric, anemograph, atmosphere, blasphemer, camphorate, demography, ephemerals, epiphragms, gramophone, graphemics, harrumphed, hemipteran, heptameter, hermatypic, homopteran, hyperemias, hypermania, hypermanic, hypermedia, hypodermal, macrophage, macrophyte, marchpanes, mastership, metaphoric, metaphrase, microphage, mimeograph, misphrased, misphrases, pachyderms, parchments, parenchyma, phanerogam, pharmacies, pheromonal, phlebogram, preachment, reemphases, reemphasis, semaphored, semaphores, shampooers, shipmaster, superhuman, supermacho, unhampered. | |
+5 letters: allelomorph, amphimacers, anemographs, apomorphine, atmosphered, atmospheres, atmospheric, blasphemers, camphorated, camphorates, champerties, champertous, comradeship, demographer, demographic, ephemerally, foremanship, gametophore, gramophones, hemipterans, heptameters, homopterans, hymenoptera, hypergamies, hypermanias, hypermarket, hypermedias, hypermnesia, hypothermal, hypothermia, lamplighter, macrophages, macrophytes, managership, masterships, melanophore, metamorphic, metanephric, metanephroi, metanephros, metaphrases, microphages, mimeographs, misanthrope, monographed, pamphleteer, parenchymal, parenchymas, phanerogams, phlebograms, phrasemaker, pneumograph, preachments, prefreshman, primateship, reemphasize, seismograph, semaphoring, shipmasters, spermatheca, supermachos, sympathizer, thermograph. | |
| Source: compiled by the editor from various references; see credits. SCRABBLE® is a registered trademark. All intellectual property rights in and to the game are owned in the U.S.A and Canada by Hasbro Inc., and throughout the rest of the world by J.W. Spear & Sons Limited of Maidenhead, Berkshire, England, a subsidiary of Mattel Inc. Mattel and Spear are not affiliated with Hasbro. | |
Hexadecimal (or equivalents, 770AD-1900s) (references)48 61 6D 70 65 72 |
| Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519; backwards) (references)
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| American Sign Language (origins from 1620-1817 in Italy and, especially, France) (references)
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| Semaphore (1791, in France) (references)
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| Braille (1829, in France) (references)
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Morse Code (1836) (references).... .- -- .--. . .-. |
| Dancing Men (Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1903) (references)
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Binary Code (1918-1938, probably earlier) (references)01001000 01100001 01101101 01110000 01100101 01110010 |
HTML Code (1990) (references)H a m p e r |
ISO 10646 (1991-1993) (references)0048 0061 006D 0070 0065 0072 |
| British Sign Language (Fingerspelling, BSL; 1992, British Deaf Association Dictionary of British Sign Language) (references)
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Encryption (beginner's substitution cypher): (references)426779827184 |
| 1. Definition 2. Synonyms 3. Crosswords 4. Usage: Modern | 5. Usage: Commercial 6. Images: Slideshow 7. Images: Photo Album 8. Quotations: Fiction | 9. Quotations: Non-fiction 10. Quotations: Speeches 11. Usage Frequency 12. Names: Frequency | 13. Expressions 14. Expressions: Internet 15. Translations: Modern 16. Translations: Ancient | 17. Derivations 18. Rhymes 19. Anagrams 20. Orthography | 21. Bibliography |
Copyright © Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Terms of Use.